Preface.

f We n k h ow li e . ever before new fully his wife and children entered into his

k n wor . The more co servative may S k hes itate to write the names as ia,

and n Titus , Titia be eath certain of his pictures , but all now see in them traces f I f o . familiar features , in the follow I ing pages , have, as a rule , dwelt upon those portraits which lie beyond the realm of controversy, it must be borne in mind that they are but types of the faces discernible in Rembrandt ’s most hasty sketches and in his most fi nished paintings . O E C N T N T S.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATION S

CH A PTE R.

’ I . SASKIA S FATHER

TH E D II . GIRLHOO OF SASKIA

II I . SASKIA AS WIFE A N D MOTHER

IV . REMBRAN DT A N D SASKIA

N OTES

E TCHIN GS OF SASKIA

TH E WILL OF SASKIA

THE FAMILY OF U LE N BURGH

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL N OTES

IN DE x

IL A IO LU ST R T N S .

’

n i n s . Fronti s zece . SASKIA . Pai t g at Cas el 1 633 fi Fa ci ng page

SKI L HI . ain i n SA A AUG NG P t g at Dresd e n . 1 633

SASKI A The J ewish Bride Painting h r r at t e ermi a e . e e s u . 1 6 H t g , St P t b g 34 34

r . 1 SASKI A . Sketch at Be lin 634 42

. i n 1 SASK IA Etch g . 634 46

. 1 RE MBR AN DT A N D SASKI A Etching . 636 50 ” ir s a . TH E T HRE E H E ADS . ( F st t te ) Etch n i rc 1 i g. C a 636 ” E D in . 1 6 6 TH SI x H E A S . Etch g 3

in RE MBRANDT A N D SASKI A . Pa ting at i ca 1 6 — 6 Dresden . C r 3 5 3

’ RE MBRANDT S HOME ON THE BRE E D

STRAAT . ’ I TI ULE N BURGH S I A S I STE R . T A VAN , SA K S 1 Sketch at Stockh o lm . 639 7o

n 1 - 0 ° SASKI A FA I LI N G Etchi g . 63 5 4 7

I in in at r s e n . 1 6 1 SASK A . Pa t g D e d 4 74

’ SASKI A S S I GN ATURE To H E R WILL 8 2

I T S THE SON OF RE M BRA DT A N D T U , N

in . i rca 1 6 SASKI A . Etch g C 5 2

I ’ SA SK A S FA THER .

A Kl A S S ,

’ S SK S F TH A IA A ER .

TH E love which brightened the home of Rembrandt must ever claim as its

’ chief witness the painter s portraits of

- im os his wife, and it seems well nigh p sible that any fact . or expression of thought can add to the story which he has told us with his brush . Y et the researches and study of the last few years have perhaps given to their faces upon the canvas a deeper inter h k est , and ave awa ened in the world of art a greater reverence for his genius . askia tbe i e o embrandt. S , Wf f R

H e is no longer the child born in the

L ki n eyden mill , ta g his lessons in color from its dark interior dashed with light from the little windows overhead, and she is not the farmer ’s daughter living near A msterdam ; but he is still the Rembrandt whose face we see in the N G S k ational allery, and she the as ia whom we see at Cassel . On e of the earliest authentic ac counts of the family of Sask ia was

1 86 2 Mr E k ff . a given in by e ho , the libr L rian at eeuwarden in Friesland, in his “ ” little book De Vrou w va n R embra nd

Ro mb e rtus Ul en b ur h van g , the father

S k th e a of as ia, in e rly autumn of the year 1 578 was a student in some for ei n g university , perhaps at Paris or in E If ngland . he gave strict attention to

n a study, he had u common power of p plication ; for stirring events crowded

2 ’ Saskia s Father.

o ne fast upon another, and the young Dutchman was interested in affairs of state . H e must have e nj oyed his walk to the Thames to see the barge o f

L a k eicester p ss , or to loo upon the gray k B beard and nitted eyebrows of urleigh , the great minister . The young stu F dent from riesland, with his long hair rolling out from the sombre broad brimmed hat down upon his well starched collar, must have crowded his hands deeper into the pockets of his knee-breeches at the tales that passed from lip to lip, and thought much . I n the autumn he collected his papers and sailed away to the little town of

L th e eeuwarden in Friesland , in north H l of o land . The crops in the fields , and the green meadows stretch ing away

sk under the blue y, were a welcome

S ight to the ambitious young lawyer. W e o Remb andt Saski the r . a, if f

G H e e n itius ottfried g , who travelled through H olland not long after the

- Ro mb e rt u s home coming of , tells us that Leeuwarden is interesting chiefly for its epitaphs ; but a glance at his book must convince the reader that the favor in which H ege n iti us held a town was commensurate with the length o f

its Latin inscriptions .

On l o th S the of eptember, Rom bertus was enro lled as a lawyer o f

is Leeuwarden . H success was at once assured ; he wo n the con fide n ce of

t him those abou , and as a trusted Dutch burgomaster gained a reputation fo r gravity and wisdom in disputes that carried him to a councillor ’s seat at the

Frisian court . I n these prosperous years he loved

S uk e Osin a I and married j j g . wish that we could have had a picture of ’ Saskia s Father.

her the R from pencil of embrandt , that we might see in her eyes the sweetness and cheer that must surely h W ave been hers . ere not her ten derness during the seven years in which She watched over h er child forever im A mortalized by the msterdam painter,

her naught but name would remain to us . I n the same year in which the young lawyer returned home to make his way in the world , there came to the N A k etherlands lexander, du e of Parma . A M lexander was the son of argaret , V m whose father, Charles . , owed uch of gratitude to the Dutch H enry of N assau for the firm setting of his

and crown , as well as for good fighting good fellowship . The I talian match-makers had m ar ried Margaret when twelve years old to ’ M a de edici, who was assassinated a a Wi e an t aski the o embr d . S , f f R

A t n year later. the age of twe ty O F she was united to ttavio arnese , a n I I I ephew of the pope Paul .

A M r Their son lexander, whom . Thorold Rogers c alls the greatest gen

n d eral of his time, was a stra ge bun le of contradictions . To the end of his days he served King Philip of Spain with a patience u n rufil ed by ingrati tude or political madness in his supe

H e rior . bribed the powerful and over came those in high places ; with a hand

had trained to deceit and murder, he a mind attracted by the symbols of devotion and prayer . To wring the N etherlands from his W S grasp , illiam the ilent , the great O h Prince of range, gat ered his Dutch soldiers by the seaboard and watched W for an opportunity of attack . ith

l was Parm a the strugg e a game, as the 6 ’ Saskia s Father carpen ter enjoys his checkers in th e mid st Of Shavings upon his ben ch ; h e cared as little for the pomp of power as did his imperial grandfather, Charles

V . n a , who surrendered his thro e for monastery . Fifty miles east of Leeuwarden is G the pretty city of roningen , a chief town of Friesland three hundred years d ago . Count Renneberg comman ed the garrison in 1 579 in the interest o f

o f H e William Orange . was loud in his declarations of loyalty, in spite of the report that Parma’s emissaries lurked about the city . On e evening an uneasy burgomaster

re called upon the count , and received newed assuran ce that the city was safe ; the n ext morning beheld the b u rgo m as

th e G ter dead in street , and roningen h ’ in the ands of Parma s soldiers , led by a kia the W e o embrandt. S s , if f R

n E k the traitor Re neberg . vents li e these stirred the feelings of the Fri sian lawyer ; he expressed his views on the struggle and grew in favor. William Of Orange was at last put under the ban and the Cardinal Gran velle offered to any one who might kill

-five him the pardon of heaven , twenty

n thousand gold crow s in money , and a title of nobility .

W n illiam lived simply, receivi g all

H e in who chose to see him . was pri

Mr M vate, says . otley, the historian of “ N n ff the etherla ds , the most a able ,

co m an cheerful , and delightful of p

’ It was ions . his fortune to belong to a family remarkable for the ability and loyalty with which each generation , from father to son and from brother

’ to brother, labored for the nation s advancement . ’ Saskia s Father.

N ot long after this time a Spanish merchant living at A ntwerp became

H e hopelessly in debt . had heard of

’ Cardinal Granvell e s offer of twenty five thousand gold crowns for the W murder of Prince illiam , and now persuaded his servant , Juan Jaureguy , to try to win the money . Juan seems to have mistrusted the

o f fo r pardoning power the cardinal ,

t o u t before set ing upon his errand, he made a list o f the presents which the shrines of various saints were to receive if he returned in safety . Juan fired at d the prince, woun ing him so seriously that his life was saved only by the u n tiring devotion of his friends . Through these weeks of anxiety his wife cared for him un til her health gave way under

h n t S e o . the strain . died long after

The war went on , followed in its ever 9

’ a S skia s Father. the gallery waiting until the prince rose m M fro dinner were Colonel organ , an E B Gé nglishman , and althazar rard , who leaned against a pillar near the entrance -h W to the dining all . illiam , the Princess

Or h of ange, and t ree of their daughters ,

Schwarz b o ur with the Countess of g, his

n sister, sat at table the o ly guest pres

Ro mb e rtus Ul enb ur h ent was van g , envoy to the prince from the town s of

I n Wil Friesland . this quiet company liam and the burgomaster discussed the affairs of Leeuwarden and the greater questions that confronted the Dutch

A S people . they rose from dinner, still engaged in conversation , many others W came forward . illiam stopped a mo k M ment to spea with Colonel organ , and , as he turned toward the door, was h s ot by an assassin . The prince fell .

M G o d y , have mercy on my soul

I I Saskia the W e o Rembrandt . , if f

M Go d y , have mercy on my soul and on !” my poor people he cried , the words dying on his lips . I n the first moments of confusion the

n to d assassi turned escend the stairs , hoping to reach his horse and gallop fo r ’ B Parma s lines . y the merest chance W he tripped , and the friends of illiam were upon him . The man was Balthazar Gérard ; he k was nown to Parma, who had little faith in his courage , and refused to give W him aid . hen the news of the death

W O n S of illiam of ra ge reached pain ,

K n I I i g Philip . rewarded the parents of Gé I t rard with wealth and honors .

’ had been William s request that death should come to Gérard with as little f A su fering as possible . nature like that of William of Orange attracted not only the great m en in H olland : it at

1 2 ’ Saskia s Father.

V E tracted, also , the eres from ngland ; k Charles Fairfax, a insman of the Fair

o f V h fax family irginia ; and , per aps S noblest of all, Philip idney, he who at the head of a little band of soldiers charged upo n Zutphen in the morning mists of September. Unwilling to wear

ed armor with his chief unprotect , he and brave Pelham rode forward to gether, fifty against three thousand , whence Sidney soon returned dying of

his . H is wounds was a beautiful death , stealing over him at the moment when he raised his stiffened hands to prove his faith in the life to come ; he had fulfilled the prophecy of the dying earl “ of E ssex : If he go on in the course

he he hath begun , will be as famous and worthy a gentleman as ever E ngland bred . ! ueen E lizabeth saw that it was fo r I 3 Saskia the z e o embrand t , W f f R her interest to aid H olland ; she knew the value of wise councillors , yet coun term and ed in secret the orders which

h e Le ice s she gave in public. S sent ter to lead the way to victory against

n Sh e u Parma, musi g, perhaps , that wo ld

She wed him on his return . listened k ’ to Dra e s tales of plunder, and allowed him to slip down the channel to singe

’ k S rd the ing of pain s bea , posting a too tardy messenger to command his

. h return For her, owever, there was a more serious foe than a Parma or a

Philip ; a nd from the flattery of Leices

n E ter, and the blushi g of the boy ssex, she turned to the pale face of Mary S k tuart , who nelt at early morning

prayer within her prison . Something of these things Romber tus heard when in 1 58 7 he landed in

E h is ngland with companions , and j our

I 4 ’ a ki a a S s s F ther. n oyed up to London on a mission to I t h the queen . may ave been the last time that the citizen from Leeuwarden set foot in E ngland ; what he saw and heard then must h ave been the source of many narratives in the years when ,

n n he favored with ho ors and fortu e, gathered his children about him and related the incidents of his eventful

k n . S life as ia, the you gest , before she was ten must have heard from her father’s lips tales which we read in k Sha espeare .

THE GIRLHOOD OF SA SKIA .

TH E G RLHOOD OF S SK I A IA .

S A SK E S k , or as ia, the ninth child of

Ro mb ertus Ul enb u r h van g , was born

1 6 1 2 2d in July, , and baptized the of

A u l She ug st fol owing . received the

s name of her aunt , whose hu band ,

K eim e S o erd s Wiard a p j , was a politi ei H e r an of some prominence . oldest

h Ro mb ertus brot er, , was already study

a ing law, which he began to pr ctise two years later . There were busy people in the Ulen

i n burgh fam ly during the ext ten years , with eight brothers and Sisters studying N k . and wor ing ews of the war, gossip from th e army about Maurice the new I 9 Saskia theWi e o emb and t , f f R r

S n commander, a tale of pai or of the

E k S as nglish court , these wo e early

’ kia s mind to the great world without . Before she was old enough to be inter es ted ff in the a airs of the family, Rom bertus had written his graduating thesis

an k h at Fr e er , a copy of w ich is still pre served in the British Museum and one of the early events in her childhood was the departure o f Ulric for the univer s it L e y of eyden , wher he was enrolled

S 20 1 6 1 8 as a student of law eptember , . A t this time theological debates were indulged in by such well -known wise

Maccovius n acres as , professor at Fra

k who k e er, tal ed himself so far astray that the Frisian authorities arrested

fo r h him eresy . The face of this Johannes Maccoviu s ( o r Makowski he was a native of Poland) is of inter

n d S k est to us, for u er his roof as ia

20 a ki The Girl hood of S s a .

spent some of the happy days of her life in the few months at Franeke r before Rembrandt took h er away to

A msterdam .

’ Macco viu s married Saskia s sister

A . H is Van ntj e portrait , engraved by

n o t Dalen the younger, does impress us more favorably than the professor’s

th e Frie sl an d e rs A l theology did .

h h e t ough was very unprepossessing , and had but one eye , he continued teaching at Franeker for twenty-eight years , according to the legend that sur

1 6 . rounds the portrait , dying in 44

Co cce u s j , a famous theologian , preached the funeral sermon .

’ Th e H l n great rivals for o la d s favor, M O B Prince aurice and lden arneveldt , ’ M were come to hard terms . aurice put the statesman i nto prison and

at called a synod Dort , which con

2 ! Saskia the Wi e o embrand t. , f f R d em n e d Barneveldt to be executed in th e square before the Binne rh of at the

H ague .

A 1 6 1 S as month later, in June, 9,

’ k S uk e ia s mother j j died , leaving four

A H iskia little girls , ntj e, , Titia, and k l S . as ia, and five older chi dren

A B Mau fter the death of arneveldt , rice had no one to manage his finances , and n h ffi he soon fou d imself in di culty . H is death in 1 62 5 brought forward his - k H half brother, Frederic enry, a good general and a wise administrator . The Dutch E ast I ndia Company was E bringing rich cargoes from the ast .

I ts stout , swift ships came up the west A k coast of frica, eeping the gray tops of Gibraltar on the horizon as they l i s ipped by the clumsy Span sh galleons .

The Dutch are proud of these days , and in their museums the models of

2 2 e d a Th Girl hoo of S skia . their ships through many centuries of development fell a story as faithful to history as the bronzed faces of the

’ company s governors upon the canvas near by . Spain was declining before these ad S h venturers from the c eldt , whose flags flew at the masthead in far Japan and

o f H n along the palisades the udso . Me n were eager for narratives of dis covery and exploration ; the presses were kept busy printing quartos and new maps , over which ships sailed and

stim u polar bears roamed fearlessly, to late the timid imagination or reassure the incredulous reader . The first fruit was to come from the little company which embarked from Delftshave n for

N ew W 2 2d the orld on the of July,

1 620 . , and landed at Plymouth

’ I n 1 62 2 Saskia s sister H endrikj e 23 Saskia the i e o embrandt. , Wf f R

W b rand t G married y de eest , a portrait painter of considerable note at the time , and a writer of verses which are still to be found in Dutch archives . Th e d eath of Ro mb ertu s van Ulen

1 6 2 burgh , the father, in 4 , must have fallen heavily upon th e youngest o f the

had family, she not been blessed with S k loving brothers and sisters . as ia was n o w but twelve ; and her final de vel opm ent into a noble woman was due in some measure to the strong minds that from this time watched over her

n educatio .

G Lo o k errit van , cler Of the com

o f Bi 1 6 2 mune ldt , was married in 7 to

H i skia Ul e nb u r h S as van g , with whom ki n he a found co genial company . S

v A l visited , if she did not li e , with a tj e , a n iece of that Saske from whom she k too her name, now married to a good

2 4 e i Th G rl hood of Saskia .

S l and learned minister, Jan Cornelis y

n A vi s , of msterdam , whose strong, kindly face is represented in one of

’ Rembrandt s etchings .

’ H k Ul enb u r h S k ‘ endri van g , as ia s - A cousin , had an art store in msterdam k where artists disposed of their wor .

H is G son errit , who studied later under

Rembrandt , succeeded him in the busi ness , and had a gallery of paintings V mentioned by ondel , the Dutch poet , i in h s verses .

Rembrandt , early in his career as a

H en painter, became acquainted with

l h H e L k U enb ur . dri van g found eyden , his birthplace, given over to theology, and turned toward the more conge

A H e b e nial city of msterdam . left hind him sunny fields and blue canals , golden-gray windmills and thatched cot

the tages, to become painter of luxury

2 5

The Girl hood of Saskia .

a s e portr it and to sing new ditties , gav

n A n the pai nter cordial receptio . mo g friends like these Rembrandt was hap

H e n py. cared little for the taver s , where to drink was to be popular with artists and poets ; but with con genial men and women he was hearty, simple,

and generous .

S k n ow n as ia was twe ty, with a win A t some face and figure . the home of Sylvius she met ministers and parish io A t n ers . the store of her cousin H endrik She came to know artists and lovers of art ; here she must often have

his found Rembrandt, discussing with friend the print-seller etchings and

’ k The B n s etches . painter s ible sce es h attracted the minister, through w om ,

h e doubtless , became acquainted with other ministers whose portraits h e has It left us . may well be that the de 27 a kia the Wi e o emb andt. S s , f f R r lightful picture of Sylvius was etched during one of his calls upon the family A E in msterdam . tching was then an undeveloped art ; and the work of Rem

o ccu brandt , seeming oftentimes the

u fi n patio of idle hours , rst demo strated to the world the power of the etcher ’s

If E n point . one or two French and g lish artists have surpassed him , we must remember the crude tools with which he k wor ed . The face of Sylvius is worthy of

H i s k study . thin loc s are hidden by a k blac cap ; and his rough beard , cover ing his face, reaches down over the ff k white ru which surrounds his nec . What an evening must it have been to the young girl , watching the earnest face of the artist as he drew in the wax upon the copper the features of the beloved preacher, seated among his

28 The Girl hood of Saskia.

o k an d b o s, his arms across their pages , ! A his vision lost in thought gain , with h w at interest the family gathered round , as Rembrandt made a terrace about the plate and poured the acid over the wax, then cleaned the plate down to the cop per and made the first impression W hen the plate was finished, the artist s truck o ff four proofs and wrote in the corner of one of them

A an an C rn is ius ese ier in J o el Sylv d v pr ten .

T n rn i ius r r ( o Ja Co el s Sylv these fou p ints . )

I t is n at u ral that we should look for

’ the face of Saskia i n the pain ter s work of these years . Critics agree that the

n painti g at Cassel is a portrait of her, and this is taken as the type of her

th e features . The most probable of

k m n disputed li enesses is , to my i d , that of a young woman en graved un der the

29 Sa kia e W e o e s th mbrand t. , if f R

title The Dutch Lady (dated

o r The riginal , which brought from fou to eight hundred dollars in the sales of

a hundred years ago , has disappeared .

in n The head is an oval, and is or a m ented with a veil which covers the h . an d s oulders The face, the hair, the dress recall the portraits of Saskia ; while the same quiet that marks the other pictures is characteristic of The

Dutch Lady . Three portraits of this period are

u re noteworthy , not so m ch from the semblance that the figures bear to Saskia as from the discussions that

n e k they have occasioned . O at Stoc h n olm , and a other which belonged to M H M . aro , are reproduced by ichel . The face in each is in profile turned to k d the left ; the former broadly s etche , and presentin g a rather heavy co unte 30 i d a The G rl hoo of S skia .

n an d attra ance ; the latter clear, fresh , c

e tive . The third , purchas d from the Secretan collection for Prince Liechten

n a stei , is front view, with pearl ear

n n k k ri gs , lace about the ec , and a cloa o rnamented with a golde n border. The dress is similar to that of the portrait at

S k n toc holm , while the portrait ow ed by

H n kl M . aro has a pearl ec ace and a beau tiful lace collar covering the shoulders .

There is in these portraits, in the

Of eyes , in the form the nose , slightly enlarged at the tip, and in the com

— M re pressed lips, as ichel says, a

n o ne semblance that forces itself upo . Rembrandt was coming more and more to find his inspiration , as well as his recreation , in her presence . I n the thoughtful face which forms “ h is the centre of etching , The Three ” H a eads , there is pensive sweetness 3 1 Saskia the W e o embrand t , if f R .

’ a s e e I n th t only a lover y might find . S k the face of as ia, as she sits upon

’ kn her husband s ee, there is vivacity which tran smits her happiness to every one .

I n n the Dresde portrait , however, S k as ia is laughing , and the expression is not pleasing. The sunlight falls

rim upon the of her bonnet , already brightened by white feathers , and illu mines th e lower lines of the face ; the chestnut curls an d blue eyes rest in the shadow of her bonnet . Rem brandt ’s unhappy efforts to express mirth were n o t limited to Saskia nor l to himse f . A portrait of Saskia over which we linger with pleasure is that at Cassel ,

1 6 painted in the same year, 33 , and said

o wn to have been done for her home .

’ Sa k s ia s face, turned to the left , is a 32

The Girl hood of Saskia .

perfect profile against the deep, rich k colors of the bac ground . The features are most delicately delineated , and the wavy chestn ut hair lies upon her cheek and - k forehead with a fairy li e touch . Sh e holds in h er hand a spray of rose m ary, resting across her heart This, the emblem amon g Dutch maiden s of betrothal, tells the story of the

e pictur . There is here hardly the abandon or

’ indifferen ce to the artist s presence that d ad s a charm to the other portraits . Sh e seems to realize that Rembran dt is n n o t ear her ; she is restless , yet waits until he says that she may turn and watch his brush . Toward the end of 1 63 3 Saskia was k at Frane er, probably caring for her

A nt d N sister j e, whose eath in ovember left her in charge of the household of 33 Saskia the Wz e o emb and t. , f f R r

-in- M o her Opinionated brother law, acc

vi I us H . n . ere she spent the winter k S the spring Sas ia visited Dr . ylvius at A m msterdam , and Re brandt painted the portrait o f her n o w at the H ermitage in

S t . Petersburg The figure is turned i l to the left, w th the face near y in full

w co n vie . The head appears small tras te d with the garments which hang

l t I n in great folds over her ef arm . co nto ur the face resem bles that of

’ Saskia as she sits upon her husban d s k nee . The hair, which falls upon the

S houlders , is ornamented with an abun - dance of flowers crow foot , anemone,

in ff iris , columb e , and tulip . The sta in her right hand is decorated with flowers and o f foliage , witnesses the opening yean It had been a sorrowful interruption to her days o f courtship to be carried 34 The Girl hood of Saskia .

away to stand at the bedside of h er dying sister ; but there was cheer in the thought that her wed din g-day was

She k approaching . left Frane er to be with H iskia for the few weeks that now

remained . Rembrandt , too, had gone

’ away to Leyden to ask his mother s

consent to their marriage .

a to The old l dy, as she appears us

n ow wrin in his portraits , has grown

k firm led and gray , with a rather , satiri

h e cal look about her thin lips . S had beheld wars and persecutions ; she had seen th e exil ed E nglish Puritans pass an d repass her door and fi n ally sail

n away ; but more tha all , she had seen

’ the mill er s son her so n win fame and influence until he became worthy to woo a girl born into wealth an d cul

We ture . can easily forgive her if she b ut half believed the stories which came

3 S Saskia the Wi e o embrand t . , f f R to her of the wonde rful geni u s o f her son .

On 1 o f 1 6 the 4th June , 34 , she gave her consent to the public annou n cemen t

I n th e re that her son was to marry .

iste r A e g at msterdam , four days befor , Rembrandt had signed his n ame to a

was declaration , stating that he about t n o and . marry , his mother would co sent Jan Cornelis Sylvius proposed to fur nish the legal inscription o f Saskia before the thi rd publication . The registry o f Bildt h as this e n try

22 u ne 1 6 are o n rme i n m arria e J , 34 , c fi d g

Rem ran ermens van Rhi n i in at A m b t H j , l v g sterdam and as ia van Ul enb or h no w i in , S k g , l v g a ran k r t F e e .

The m arriage was co ntracted in the

n B tow hall of ildt , and the service was 36 The Girl hood of Saskia . performed in the parish church by th e

H e rm ansz L n minister, Rodolphe ui ga, probably the pastor and personal friend

G Lo o of errit van , the secretary of the

n commu e .

37

SA SKIA A S WIFE A N D MOTHER.

S SK A S W FE A N D MOTH A IA I ER .

A MSTERDAM still has traces of the - town of two and one half centuries ago , to be seen in picturesque gables orna m ented with grotesque figures, or in some almost forgotten bas-relief which

I n still Sleeps in the crumbling wall . the days when these were new every S house had its inscription , as the wiss cha l ts d e do to ay . To a stranger these odd shapes and punning mottoes , which ff greeted him on every side, O ered amusement as well as a guide to the taste and wit of the owner within . Caspar Co mm el in has given us a perfect conception o f the city in his

41 a kia he Wi e e a S s , t f of R mbr ndt .

k B esc/zr /z/i n e va n ponderous boo , j g

A m s terd a m 1 6 H , published in 93 . ere O -k k we find pictures of the ude er , where Saskia was to be carried after W -k k her final illness , of the ester er , w here Rembrandt lies , and many scenes in which the tall houses with quaint gables and slender chimneys , the wealth of shade trees , the broad canals and

’ many boats , tell Of the city s beauty and prosperity . Rembrandt took his bride to a home

Bre ed straat B S on the , or road treet ,

n five- t near the a cient towered gate of S . A A nthony. thous and fancies filled

o f h the brain the appy painter, and to his young wife these stories of pictures to be made and of fame to be won brought cheer and pride . It is , perhaps , as she listens to one of

r these graphic desc iptions that he stops ,

42 S I ASK A.

Sk c at B l . l634 et h er in .

a k a S s ia as Wife nd Mother. spellbound by her loving and sympa k thetic eyes, and s etches the portrait which we now have of her in the Berlin

Sh e gallery . rests her arms before her, the fingers of one hand pressing her cheek and the other hand clasping a

A S flower. broad, imple hat , trimmed

S . with flowers , hades her eyes Rembrandt has written in the margin of the drawing

Dis is naer mun huysfrou geco nterfej t d o sij 2 1 j ar oud was den derden dach al s wij getro ud t waren

uni us . d en 8 . j j

1 633 .

’ ( This is my wife s po rtrait whe n s he was 2 1

ears ol d the ir da af er we ere m arrie y , th d y t w d ,

u ne 8th J ,

It has been suggested that Rem brandt added this note some time after

i n c the draw ng was made , si ce his pen il 43 Saskia the Wi e o embrand t. , f f R

1 6 1 6 has recorded 33 instead of 34, the true date of his marriage . The flower in her hand brings to mind the tulip craze . The enterprise of the Dutch as navigators is no more wonderful than the zeal with which they entered into the cultivation of tulips .

The tulip,

an o n u o f ri e and u o f a W t , f ll p d , f ll pl y ,

h o f is , w en in its natural state , little

r beauty ; its varied , ich colors are the k result of wea ness or disease, and the

u o f t lip enthusiast , in search new

n changes in his flower, is in da ger of exhausting its already diminished vitality .

“ I n La Tu l i e the novel by Dumas , p

N o i re o f , we have a picture the years when tul ips swayed the money-markets of the world ; and also in the remark

44 Saskia as Wife and Mother of the merchant whose rare bulb S em per A ug us tus was eaten by a Dutch

r sailor as a relish with his red he ring , “ I might better have feasted the Prince of Orange and the whole court of the ” stadtholder. A mong the people whom Sask ia met or heard much of from Rembrandt in 1 634 were two gentlemen o f E nglish M descent . artin Day was a grandson of an offi cer under that earl of Le ice s ter of whom Sh e may have heard her f M ather tell . aj or Day , as he after k ward became nown , grew up in the N service Of the house of assau , fought B in razil, was commander of the fort

M H o l ress of auritius , and returned to

1 1 H i s land in 64 . many adventures

e h im mad an agreeable subj ect , and

’ the pai n ter s splendid portrait of him l suggests his court y manners . The 45

Saskia as Wife and Mother festly fails as a likeness A later etch k “ ing, nown under the name of The

L B n ittle Jewish ride , represents a you g k girl lightly s etched , with long hair falling loosely over her shoulders . The k face is not unlike that of Sas ia .

’ Through Rem b randt s friendship with

H O' Constantin uij o ens , the painter had been able to dispose of his “ Descent from the Cross ” and the Raising the

k H n Cross to Prince Frederic e ry, son of that William the Silen t at whose table at Delft Ro m b e rtu s van Ulen burgh Sat o n the evening o f the as

i t i n H u i e n s n o w sas s n a o . j g told his friends o f the young painter ; an d among the first to order a portrait was

-i n - Van his brother law , the admiral

Dorp .

Vo s Following the authority of M . I k maer, have said that Rembrandt too

47 Saskia the Wi e o embrand t . , f f R

Breed straat his bride to live in the . H ere was a congenial neighborhood ;

Lastm an for Pieter , his friend and for mer teacher , had already purchased a

But home upon the same street . in the early years of Rembrandt ’s prosperity and increasing work another house seems to have offered greater ad van tages ; for a year or so later the artist

H u i en s says, in a letter to j g , that they ” N - c live in the ieuwe Doel stra t . The date of this letter, added in another

1 6 6 hand, is February, 3 .

I n S a h the pring, j ust a year fter t eir

S k h er H is marriage, as ia visited sister kia S G , the wife of ecretary errit van

LOO , and in July was a witness at the baptismal service of a little niece in -k k the Oude er . The winter was one of quiet prosper

N o t ity to Rembrandt . all was quiet ,

48 Saskia as Wife and Mother

’ however, under the painter s roof, we

an may believe, after the coming of

th e other member into home . This first child o f Rembrandt and Saskia

Ro m b ertu s in was called , memory of

l n l the sturdy Fries a d patriot and awyer,

’ S k h S u n as ia s fat er, and was baptized on

1 1 6 th e O day, December 5 , 3 5 , in ude k k n S er , before Jan Cor elis ylvius , the

an d n minister, his wife , represe ting the commissary Francois Copal , of Flush

of Ul e n b u r h . ing, husband Titia van g I t is not strange that the face of S askia was impressed upon the paint

’ er s mind ; her influence brought out

h e the best that was in him . S could at least keep before him the image of l a patient , wise, and oving wife and mother : she did more than th is ; check in g his Bohemian tastes when they led

a him into extravag nce , and exerting a 49 Saskia the Wi e o emb andt , f f R r .

u h ad moral infl ence which , it con tin u ed d to his eath , would have been well for Rembrandt . Du tui t and Vo smaer have not fixed the dates of any of his coarser etch ings within the years when her love M guided him . any evenings the paint er read the stories of the Old and N ew

Testament , and with his eyes closed in the gathering twilight , saw in his won d e rful brain the pictures of A braham I and saac, the prodigal son returning to his father, and Christ in the garden G of ethsemane . Painting to Rem brandt was a passion ; he loved color in the rich fabrics from the Orient and i n H i the sunset . s rooms were fast -a- becoming museums of bric brac, filled with old armor, bits of statuary, and k h I s etches from Dutc and talian artists .

M en asseh- -I ben srael, who lived not 50 R DT A D S S KI RE MB AN N A A.

i I6 36 . Etc h ng.

Sa kia a i e and s s Wf Mother.

far away from Rembrandt, on the same street , was engaged j ust now in bring ing o ut his little book on the creation H and resurrection . e was a friend of Grotius and o f other great theological controversialists , and had once gone upon a mission to Cromwell in behalf o f the Jews in A msterdam Rem

’ brandt s etching in 1 636 represents h im

o f with a large hat, the flexible rim

o n which bends upward all sides , form ing a dark background for the upper h of alf the face , the lower half being contrasted with a white collar which “

Me nasse h covers his shoulders . has a

h n small , piquant face, s arp yet frie dly

cars eyes, little tufts of hair over his , a m S thin ustache, and spare beard ome years later Rembrandt made the illus tration s for a book in Spanish by

Men a eh ss .

51 Saskia the W e o Rembrandt . , if f

The portraits of Saskia give one the

A s impression of a restful presence . a child whose maturing years were spent

o f at the home lawyers , clergymen , and e men in the public servic , she grew womanly as she became com panionable I t h with those about her . is t is restful presence that we feel as we study the “ of H etching The Three eads , and particularly the etching o f Rembrandt and Sask ia bearing the date 1 636 . The painter and his wife sit vi s -d-vi s with a table between them .

H e k u , loo ing into the glass , wo ld im draw the picture reversed , and the pression coming from the plate again reversed would give the scene as it was I t in reality . is , perhaps , j ust as they k used to pass their evenings , she nit

k . ting, while he wor ed at his table That he Should picture her thus is evi 5 2 S S KI A A. — The T H ads fi s s a . hree e , r t t te

I636 . Etc h ing. Ci rca

a kia a e and e S s s Wif Moth r. dence more potent than words o f the love that still reigned supreme in their “ I t a home . is this const nt tenderness ” fo r Sa k his young wife , for his s ia, says M H “ . avard , that we see appearing everywhere in his work as a tender k inspiration , as a ind of guardian angel ”

I n search of rest and recreation , the painter and h is wife made occasional j ourneys into the country, where he etched l ittle scenes from woodland roads

- fo r and by paths their amusement . A t about this t ime Rembrandt made the etching known as “ The Three

n H eads . O the upper part of the

k of plate he s etched the face his wife .

H e r hand rests lightly on her temples, the slight , bent fingers hiding their tips

W fin in her wavy hair. hen this was i shed h e in ked th e pl ate and took an 53 Saskia the e o embrandt . , Wif f R

i s k impression , and this nown as the

th e first state of etching. Then he d rew the faint lines of another face fo r the l ower l eft -hand corner o f the pic

I n h ture . contrast with t is , yet sub

is d k o f dued , the ar profile a woman ,

i o f k looking to the r ght . The face Sas ia has the wistful expression of his later

o f portrait her at Dresden . “ The central figure in The Six H S k eads represents as ia, but has less of detail ; the artist has depended rather upon a few well-placed lines fo r

m a his effects . This ight be c lled a “ th e S k o f prettier face , but as ia The Three H ead s is attract ive fo r its atti tude of thought . Five figures , perhaps , “ ” i n The Six H ead s are taken from

’ th e painter s wife .

On 1 6 8 S k the I st of July, 3 , as ia gave

l . birth to a little gir , called Cornelia

S4 E THE SI! H ADS .

6 Etc hmg. I 36 .

Saskia as Wife and Mother

The same friends gathered at the Oude k k e 2 2d er to witn ss the baptism on the , the m i at which in ster Sylvius assisted . But in the A ugust following the child u died , and a more cr shing sorrow came

a o f b o Ro mb e rtus in the de th their y, , l . S eaving the painter childless ylvius , to o N , was feeble , and in ovember passed

l so n away, eaving a , Petrus, or Pieter,

Sl o o te n a minister at , in Friesland . Pieter had studied theology at Leyden and it is pleasant to note after his name “ A of upon the rolls these words , son

S o f A Dr. ylvius , the minister mster d am an exception to the laconic entries o f the time .

’ It may well be that the painter s wife accepted with a feeling of relief the h m change w ich Rembrandt now ade , from the N ieuwe Do el e straat to the B -A m innen stel , a quay on the river 5 5 Saskia the Wi e o Rembrand t . , f f

A mstel , some distance from the centre of A msterdam . When the estate of Saskia’s father

H is was settled , some land was sold to

E m in a o f H arin h S t g , widow g van y

Ma i ke o o f Dr L o . zema, j van , widow

A di e rus A d iu s g , and her brother, Dr .

A Lo o Ma i k e van Lo o lbertus van . j and her brother failed to live to their agreemen t when the payments became

Ul e nb ur h due and Ulric van g , the law

o f k yer, in behalf the heirs , too the

matter into court . Perhaps the S imple people at Leeu warden had heard that the Saskia whom they once knew as a little girl was dressing in the richest of velvets an d k circling her nec with pearls .

They saw her pictured on the canvas , k and, li e children , believed that all

. L k to o they saw was real i e children , , 56 Saskia as i e and Wf Mother. when Ulric had won his case fo r Rem brandt and the other heirs , they said that the painter was forced to sue b e cause his wife was extravagant and e ne ded money . Rembrandt prosecuted the parties to the former suit , saying that he and his wife were richly and abundantly pro vid e d fo r , and yet the defendants were

o n th o f permitted to insinuate , the 5

July last , during the trial , that his wife Saskia had squandered her property in

fi H e k nery and ostentation . as ed the

r 1 2 8 o ut ul d e n s 6 cou t to fine them g g , 4 fo r 6 fo r his wife and 4 himself .

V an Lo o r h ad Dr . eplied that he handed to the court a copy o f the pro ce e d in gs i n the former defence in which Rembrandt and his lawyer Ulen b urgh found the pretended libel ; and it appeared that in the introduction 57 Saskia the Wi e o emb andt , f f R r .

( prooemium) o f thei r defence J el tj e van

Ul en b ur h s o s i g only was named, that

' qu i a scripturn s i t resembles slander ( which always the defendants expressly

n el t e deny) , this would co cern J j van

l n b u r h H U e . g alone owever, the de fence offered to swear that they had had no desire to injure Rembran dt ; and even if the court decided against

o ut uld e ns them , eight g g were enough f “ to pay the plainti fs, who were no more than a painter and a painter’s

wife , that is, private people .

! o n 1 6 of 1 6 8 The court , the th July, 3 , decided that Saskia h ad not been Slan

dered, and thus ended this little do

mesti c A drama . nother touch of this spirit of independence in Rembrandt

H u i en s we find in the letters to j g , H ’ Prince Frederick enry s secretary .

H u ij ge n s became interested in Rem 58 i nd Sask a as Wife a Mother.

’ o f S brandt s illustrations the criptures , and secured for h im a number of

b e orders . The letters that passed

al tween them show that Rembrandt , though courteous and happy to serve the prince, was determined to receive k fair remuneration for his wor .

59

REMBRA N DT A N D SA SKIA .

N DT A N D S S KI RE MBRA A A. - at D sd . irca IG3 S 36 Pa i nting re en C .

MB N DT A N D S SK RE RA A IA .

TH ERE could hardly be a sweeter expression than that o f Saskia in the

o f r painting Remb andt and his wife, w no in the Dresden gallery . The smile

n ai which plays about her mouth , the ve, happy eyes with which she greets the spectator, are in perfect accord with

o f the spirit the picture . Rembrandt , seated near a table richly set , holds k k Sas ia upon his nees, clasping her waist with his left hand while he raises

i -fil l ed H e in his r ght a half glass . is laughing .

H i s dress , with broad sleeves and

ffl h at white ru es , his , with its great 63 Saski a the Wi e o Remb andt. , f f r

l p umes , and the rich scarf which binds h is coat beneath the belt holding his

w o f s ord , are a warm brown , with touches o f light and reflection in which

’ the varying greens and reds of S askia s dress are mingled and blended into o n e

H er ff splendid harmony . pu ed sleeves ,

r gathered a little below the shoulde s , h are embroidered with gold, and a eavy chain of precious stones encircles her neck . S askia’s face is small in contrast with

fl cov her owing garments and the hair,

k s ered with a golden networ of lace , fall in wavy auburn ringlets over her fore k head and nec , giving a girlish appear ance to the rounded contour of her features . The figures are mo re accurate in form than many in the painter’s other k wor s . The contentment in her face an d the j oy in his are witnesses to the

64 Rembrand t and Saskia . pride and pleasure which each found in the other .

I n H u i e n s a letter to j g , dated the

1 2th 1 6 of January, 39, Rembrandt adds that he was then living on the Binnen ” A “ - k mstel, at the sugar ba ery, or con

’ fe tio n r S c e s . oon , however, he moved to Bre ed stra at the Joden , a continua tion of the Bre ed straat to which he had brought his bride . I n a list of streets and lanes on the A old or east side of the River mstel, Co m m el in me ntions in his history the N ieuwe Do el estraat and the Straat o p

Uil e n b u r h k g , the latter ta ing its name, S k ’ perhaps , from as ia s family ; and on the west side the S u icke rb akkers ” k steegh . The boo contains an inter t A esting illustration o f the S . nthony gate and bridge , with the following h I description , whic translate 65 Saskia the W e o embrandt. , if f R

The St . A ntoni s oort o n the eas s i e p , t d

a nd at the end o f the o e ree e-s raa was J d B d t t , fo rmerly a w o o de n gate ; i n the year 1 636 it

Th a w m was cha nged to s to ne . e g te as ad e o f

ra s o ne and was no t un er a S i n e co e r g y t , d gl v , b ut b oth watch-h o uses — o u the right fo r citi z ens and o n the le ft fo r the s o ldiers had each

its o wn ro o ro e e i S a e and nea f, p t ct d w th l t , t ,

n high chim neys . O either s ide o f the entrance

s o o a us an co u m n and a o e a ro ne t d T c l , b v , c w d

f th i n es u eo n o e i the io s es i e it . c tch c ty , w th l b d

A ll is r n w r th f o t as sur o unded by a co rnice . On

the mi e ro o a o e the a e i was er ddl f, b v g t , wh ch v y

m u i er an o n ei er si e s o o a i e ch h gh th th d , t d l ttl - e o er. the a e o n the i n ner s i e s o o b ll t w By g t , d , t d

a so as o n the o u er s i e two us a n co um ns l , t d , T c l ,

a nd o n the ro n a o e the ol d arms o r sea f t , b v , l

f th i a n o e city . Th s g te was take do wn in the

year 1 670 .

A tall brick building on the Breed s w traat of the Je s is still standing, famous as the home o f Rembrandt an d k S as ia. Stone steps rise from the side 66 ' RE MBR N DT S HOME ON THE BRE E DSTRAAT A .

' ! ( Fro m Vo s mae r s Rem b ra n dt )

a Rembrandt and Saski . walk over the basement entrance ; the

i two windows are h gh ; and these , with small dormer-windows which start from

o n o f the roof both sides a gable , give the house an air o f comfort and respecta b il it h y . Rembrandt bought t is house in

n 1 6 Ja uary , 39, and agreed to pay for it

rin n o t a flo s . The price did at th t It time seem beyond his means . was a happy moment in his career ; his paint ings brought large returns , and scholars

N t o o n crowded his studio . ext him

w- N ico l ae s the west lived his fello artist , E S lias , and on the east , alvador Rod w n e . rig e , a J

Th e Bre e d straat n o w is a busy mart , where small venders in gay colors , with

k o ut carts or with bas ets , cry their k wares . There is close by a tidy ba ery,

S always a pleasant ight , whether in the Bre ed straat o f the Jews o r in White

67 Saskia the e o embrandt . , Wif f R

. G S chapel enial olomon , who sells the dustiest of trinkets in th e basement o f

’ Rembrandt s old home , might be met with in the painter’s own etchings but

his k E for delightful bro en nglish . The building is now divided by a partition

n i to two houses , with an entrance to

But each . we may ascend the stone

and inve n steps , , with the help Of an

1 6 6 tory made in 5 , see the home much as it looked when Saskia sat by the window and Rembrandt worked at his easel . The vestibule was furnished with a number of Spanish chairs upholstered

fir- in Russia leather, resting on a wood A floor . bout the walls were paintings , S a country scene by eghers , a sea piece

A nto nis s by , and , among others , a com bat of lions , and a mother with her h c ild, by Rembrandt . The front parlor 68 e b and a kia R m r t and S s . had chairs of the same design in green k velvet , and a blac walnut table covered with cloth such as used to be made at B H w . as Tournay, in elgium ere, too, a m head by the great Raphael , and any B V ible scenes by Palma ecchio, Jan

L and ievens (a friend of Rembrandt) , B rouwer . The room behind this was especially

fo r k H interesting its signs of wor . ere Rembrandt etched and struck o ff his

proofs ; here , also , were pictures by his

friends . A t the end of the house was the bed

U -S room , furnished in blue . p tairs the

painter had his models and studios . H im ere he went from room to room , pressing upon the minds o f his pupils

the principles of his art , and illustrating with a stroke of the brush what seemed

o h s simple and was so hard to learn , t at 69 Saskia the e o Rembrand t. , Wif f

one of his pupils has confessed that he

cried with discouragement . Rembrandt was fond of giving his B students ible scenes , and especially I A that of saac blessing Jacob . nother study which he Often gave was A Girl S itt ing at the Window Fro m his won d erful collection of the busts of Roman

o f emperors , of quaint armor, and rich

v vel ets and furs , he loaned often to poor and struggling artists the models

But which had cost him a fortune . there is little doubt that the students were much attached to Rembrandt . Of those who were welcome at his fire

d m d n Bo l si e we must ention Fer i and .

’ H e became one o f the master s best imitators , and his taste for etching B ’ made him most congenial . ol s por S k trait of as ia, now in the museum at

B n u russels , represe ts her m ch as she

70 ' TITIA VAN ULE N BURGH S SKI S S ISTE R. , A A

lm I639 . Sketc h at Sto ckh o .

( Pe nc i l co py by the a uth o r fro m a p i ctu re in ’ ” Mi c hel s Rem b ra n dt )

Rembrandt and Saskia .

the appears in paintings by Rembrandt . There is j ust the suggestion of the

n circling chains of gold and the lo g, rich , flowing hair. The dress brightens as it circles closer to her neck ; and the pearls, touched with light , rest softly k upon her pure s in . The spirit of the picture is so refined and so delicate that one is led to believe that it gained its charm not alone from the painter ’s Skill there must have been within him

the a reverence for woman herself.

On the 2 th 1 6 0 9 of July, 4 , in the presence of Francois Copal and of

Ul enb ur h Titia van g , a little daughter k of Sas ia was baptized as Cornelia. Born with the frail constitution of the

the k mother, child lived but a few wee s , Z -k k and was buried at the uider er ,

A 2 ugust 5 . M ichel believes that Saskia ’s failing

7 1

emb andt and a R r S skia . she died in her home on the Wedde L m steeg at eyden . Re brandt seems to have been in comfortable circumstances i k at th s time, since he willingly too for himself the least desirable share of the

I n property . the spring or summer of the same year Saskia’s aunt for whom she was named passed away ; and on A ugust 30 Rembrandt gave to his

Bol pupil , Ferdinand , an order to bring L from eeuwarden a legacy for his wife . Meanwhile the painter was working with great care and zeal upon his Bible i k H scenes for Prince Freder c enry, as he himself says in a letter to the

’ H u i en s W n prince s secretary, j g . he these were finished, a number of letters passed between H u i j ge n s and the paint

m n er concerning payment . Re bra dt

’ was at last sent to the prin ce s treas urer Ui tenb o aerd m , j g , who proved hi self 73

SASKIA.

n at I. Pa i nti g Dresden . I64

Rembrand t and Saskia .

’ summer j ust passed Saskia s s ister Ti tia, for whom the boy was named Titus . A picture made at about this time , if

S k b e it represents as ia, as some critics lieve, shows traces of failing health . Rembrandt ’s study and work m ust have interested her as she sat with her child .

o f B The story oaz and Ruth , the char t S . acter of J erome , the picture of M Christ appearing to ary, these they thought over as one o r the other read “ aloud , perhaps from the same old Bible mentioned some years after in

’ o f the inventory Rembrandt s estate . The portrait of Saskia painted in this year, and now at Dresden , appeals to

an one more, perhaps , than y other of ’ k the painter s li enesses of his wife . k ff Sas ia bends slightly forward , o ering a pink which Sh e has taken from the table at her right , and at the same time 7 5

Rembrand t and Saskia . have been entertained by their spirit i and or ginality . There are stories that Rembrandt was k k fond of mon eys , and that he ept a lion I t in his house . is probable , at least , that in his strolls by wharves of E ast I ndia merchants he found sailors with strange tropical pets , and these he sketched for pictures unseen except in l his rest ess imagination . N k icholas Tulp, whose li eness Rem

1 6 brandt had painted in 34, was a friend k It n B . of Capt . Fra s anning Coc may have been through this friendship that Rembrandt was commissioned to por tray the gall ant captain and his com pany . The world has long recognized the power o f the wonderful picture of Banning Cock “ H eer van Purmerland I d en lpen am , and his lieutenant , at the head of their men . The picture , 77 Saskia the i e o emb andt . , Wf f R r

k the G early nown as Civic uard , was from its deep Shadows called by Sir “ ” n N t- Joshua Rey olds the igh watch , ” and in France the Ronde de nuit . The soldiers were not pleased with the painting, possibly because, in all the portraits of the company, there had been nothing like this work of Rem

and . brandt , it was strange to their eyes W hen they arrived with their friends , expecting to see “ H ans and “ Wil lem and their own familiar forms , as straight as arrows and in line, their hopes were dissipated . They went the next time to another

h al painter, who pleased t em better, though the work was of such a charac ter that it has been in oblivion these many years , while the painting of his less successful rival is known as one of the masterpieces of Dutch art . 78 Rembrandt and Saskia .

The road whose turning meant fame to Rembrandt led through the gates of

w Ma sorro . The beautiful month of y gave little check to Saskia ’s failing strength ; and the thin , pale face grew more frail through each of the fresh , warm days that brought life and health W to all around her. ith what sadness was she to part from her husband at the moment of his success !

Y et , if she had to leave the home before whose silent door pilgrims from

n - many distant la ds to day stand, happy to see the windows where she and Rem brandt were wont to sit together, there was much to give her sad heart comfort . Round about her were the Sketch es k which he would treasure, as the li e

th e nesses of his wife , in long years to follow ; visions of her sunny face, of

re her silent sweetness . Did she not 79

emb and t and a kia R r S s .

van Rhi n i i n i n is i e no n to m e j , l v g th c ty , w ll k w ,

the no ar Mr. ie er Barcma n who a u t y ( P t ) , , ltho gh ill and o n ne to her b ed o ss es si n her m em c fi d , p g o r a nd u n ers an i n e n ire as i s e i e n y d t d g t , v d t by h e r a earan e a i n o mm e n e her s ou to pp c , h v g c d d l

G o d A mi and h er o to a C ris ian l ghty , b dy h t

uria has a o in e as her eirs es e b l , pp t d h , by th

resen s i us van Rhi n her s o n as we as p t , T t j , , ll all o th er child ren to wh o m s he may h ereafter

i e ir a nd i n ase o f the re e eas e o f the g v b th , c p d c

o ne o r the o er o f ese eir res e i e l e iti th th , th p ct v g

m a e es en an s re res en a io n — Ou is t d c d t by p t t , th

o n i io n o e er a the sai Rem ra n c d t , h w v , th t d b t

van Rhi n her us an u n i he rem arries o r j , h b d , t l , ,

no t m arr i n a ai n u n i his e ease s a re y g g , t l d c , h ll

m ai n i n full po ss ess io n a nd shall have the use o f ” r a r all the property left by he the test t ix .

H er faith rested perfectly in her hus band ; he was to care for and to educate

their child, using what money from her property he thought well for the i n h struction of Titus , giving the boy suc settlement upon his marriage as seemed

8 1 Saskid the Wi fe emb and , of R r t .

to t u t as the fa her s i able . S kia e spe cial ly state s that th e Chamber o f Or phans was t o have n o cont ro l o ver her

t b r t was n o t son , and tha Rem and to be called upon to give a statement

“ o f rt t a the prope y lef to his c re, con fid e nt that her said hu s band will acquit himself in this regard co n scien

tio u l s y .

If t Titus died before his fa her, leav

to ing no children, Rembrandt was have

Sas all, or, upon his marriage, to share

’ k t H iskia ia s proper y with , the wife of

G Lo o errit van , from whose home she

I n had gone out to become a bride . this case H iskia was to pay flo rin s — l to each of her brothers , Ulric, awyer,

I d s e rt - and , lieutenant captain of the

Of A — k company Colonel lves , and a li e “ sum to the children of I ell etge van ” U l e nb urch y , her sister .

8 2 Rembrandt and Saskia .

’ The will was S igned at Saskia s home

B e d tr at er in the re s a . H strength was d iffi all but gone, and her hand with

h e culty traced the signature . S died ten days later.

On l th the g of June , in the year

1 6 2 w 4 , Rembrandt follo ed the little h W funeral procession to the c urch . ith him must have gathered many good men and women who knew and loved her whom the master genius of A mster dam delighted to honor and associate with himself.

Crushed as Rembrandt was , the sweet ness of her face li ved within him thrice blessed was he who could place upon the canvas , in all the marvellous color

of n n o f ing ge ius , in all the tender ess

n manly devotion , the face of the woma h e We loved . strive helplessly to put forth the feelings that fill and overflow 83

KI VAN ULE N SAS A BG. w S ign atu re to the i ll .

emb and t an R r d Saskia .

nk thought to be a copy, by an u nown h and , of the portrait at Cassel . S k ’ Titus , the baby at as ia s death , grew to manhood without the genius

H e for art that his father possessed . lived and studied with his father, and seems to have been fond of animals ; for among the pictures in Rembrandt ’s home there was a sketch of three dogs by Titus, and one or two other works . A S k fter the death of as ia, a widow,

G eert e e j D ir x, was employed as nurse

Sh e at for Titus . became very much t ache d to the child , but failed to live amicably with Rembrandt , and went

1 away in 649 .

r V erb ut I n S 1 6 6 M . o eptember, 5 , Jan was appointed tutor to Titus ; and on

th A 1 6 8 L Cra e er the 4 of pril , 5 , ouis y M k . too his place eanwhile , another 8 5

TITUS THE SON OF RE MBR N DT AN D S SKIA . A A .

E c n . 6 t hi g Ci rca I 5 2.

a a kia Rembrandt nd S s .

Titus was a young man not yet thirty when he declared his lo ve for Magda

Lo o I t ffi lena van . has been a rmed by E ekhoff that Magdalena’s mother S k ’ was Cornelia, the daughter of as ia s

Rom ert But H av b u s . H brother, enri

“ ’ L e Fil s a e R em ard, in his essay, bra nd t , brings evidence that the mother

M A H u ib recht of agdalena was nna , making any relationship with Saskia doubtful . h h To Rembrandt the marriage , w ic

k l o th too place on the of February,

1 668 , must have brought strange remi n iscences of his own happy wedding . The years h ad brought their shad ows, whose only rifts of light , as in his pictures, were made by his own genius . Rembrandt was not always the man that he had been while Saskia lived ; 87

Rembrandt and Saskia.

“ M Vo sm aer Thus, says . , after ten years of vexation and after long litiga tion , all was ended ; the creditors were

d u e paid, Titus received his , and Rem brandt , stripped of everything, had at fifty-eight years of age to begin life ” again . Rembrandt went to live in the Roz e n racht k g , where he wor ed manfully to

retrieve his fortunes , painting, etching, and teaching the youn g men who gath i ered about him . There is l ttle doubt that among those wh o listened to the

and d master, were inspired by his wor s, was Sir Godfrey K neller ; and yet did K ’ ever traveller, standing before neller s A k tomb in Westminster bbey, thin of

to the greater Rembrandt , who labored the end of his days within the n arrow borders of his N etherlands The home of Titus was on a street 89 Saskia the i e o embrand t. , Wf f R

k w S as no n as the ingel , and bore its H e mblem a golden balance . ere the S young people lived until eptember, A t 1 668 . , when Titus died the open ing of the new year a daughter came into the home ; and on the 2 2d of

M r arch , Remb andt witnessed the bap

tis . m of his grandchild, Titia van Rij n The mother was not strong ; and on the

2 1 st to of October she, too , was carried the Wester-kerk to lie by the side of

n her husba d . Rembran dt had already been borne to the grave on the eighth of the same

. r month Thus his only g andchild , Titia, was left fatherless and motherless at the moment when he laid down his brush for the last time . ’ B l Titia s guardian , Francois van y aert in , managed well her property, an heritance from th e dead Under his 90 a Rembr ndt and Saskia. care she grew to womanhood ; and

ran o is with her marriage to his son F g ,

o the oth o f a young j eweller, n 3

A 1 686 ugust, , the family of the great Rembrandt and his beloved Saskia disappears from the pages of his tory . To Rembrandt home meant more than it does to many artists , who find recreation among those of their

H e craft . travelled but little, and stud i e d the people nearest to his door. Often he sketched the inmates of his

Breed straat home on the , and many paintings and etchings Show the famil iar features of his wife and the faces o f I n his neighbors . their society his life was passed in quiet work and in

of the simpler forms recreation . The depth of his colors seems to reveal his

the his heart , and wonders of pencil to 91

E N O T S.

E ere ar two in eres in ie s of PAG 4 . Th e t t g v w the Old ar of eeu ar e n m u as it mus p t L w d , ch t ’ a e o o e i n as ia s im e to b e s ee n in h v l k d S k t , ’ ’ ’ ’ e nri a ar s La H tl a nae a a oi sea u H H v d o , ari s 1 88 1 P ,

r ri n R m ertus PAGE 1 1 . The lette w tte by o b van Ul en b ur h to the m a is tracv o f eeu ar en g g L w d , describing the assas si natio n o f William the ‘ ’ i en i s i en i n N i hofl s urn en voor va S l t , g v j s g ’ ' derl a u asc/ze s /zi u ud/zeidb uuae . ii . ge c ezieu i s e o , t ’ 1 20 . h hard s arre p . T e s to ry is told i n G ac C ’ ’ s ou a a n c e m l e Ta ci turne Pri nce p e a Gui l l a u e , ’ d ora n e ru e es etc. C. Mu uard t 1 8 g , B x ll , , q , 57,

. vi . re a e . t , p f c

G rri van Ul enb ur h was a ran PAGE 2 5 . e t g g d son o f N ik o l aas the ro er o f R omb ertus van , b th ’ Ul enb ur h as ia s fa er. H e m et i mis g , S k th w th o r u ne i n 1 6 and was o r e to e are him f t 75 , f c d d cl ’ lf i n a s n n nd l r se a f i s e . Vo e s e ses t te o olv cy v , On the sale of Italian painti ngs at the ga llery ” of G eeraert Uil enb ur ai n er ere a e at g, p t , w d t d 95

N otes.

The 2 u 1 6 0 Remb rand van R n 9 J ly 4 , u and as ia van U l enb o r the o m miss ar S k y g, c y Franco ys Co pal a nd Titia van Uyl enb org have

rese n e f r a is m rnel a p t d o h oly b pt Co y . The 2 2 e e m er 1 6 1 was a i e S pt b 4 , b pt z d T tu s s o n o f Rem ran van Ri n and o f as ia y , b t j S k

van Ul e nb urch . Wi ness es the s e re ar C c t , c t y rard us va n Lo o the ommissar ran o s Ko a , c y F c y p l , and A el t en ie ers i o w o f D ami ne o annes g P t , w d J ’ i ius S lv .

E A f t i n f t PAG 57 . co py o he dec sio o he Cour o f ries a n u 1 6 1 6 8 i n the ase t F l d , J ly , 3 , c o f Rem brandt va n Rij n against Maij ke van Lo o a nd the do ctor A lb ertus van Lo o can b e foun d

i n Scheltem a R embra nd . 62 , , p .

E 1 . A re vo n ur a i n the PAG 7 lf d W zb ch , A l l em ei ne Zei tu n 1 8 8 nr 6 e ares his g g, 7 , . 9 , d cl b elief that Bo l had no thi ng to d o with the por a H ur rm r a a it trait t Bru ssels . e f the o e s ys th t i s n t a i n es s f as ia o l ke o S k . The relatio ns o f Rembrandt a nd B01 are o f great i nteres t i n the his to ry of Dutch art . Middl eto n an d Seym o u r H aden b o th have tes tified to the h and o f the stu den t i n s o m e o f the ’ ’ mas er s es e i n s a nd Max Lautner s Wer t b t tch g , i s R embra ndt res au 1 8 1 ea es as i e ( B l , 9 ) l v l ttl to Rembrandt as the Baco nian theo ry do es to

Shakespeare . 97 N otes.

E or rai o f i i v l PAG 75 . A p t t T t a an U enburgh is o wned by Cou nt Lu ck ner at A ltfranken ; a co py is give n i n the Zeitsc/zrzf t j itr bi l d end e f K u u st or A ri 1 8 0 eue o e i . i p l , 9 ( N f lg , Le pzig. She s an s ere i h the i o n her ro t d ct , w t l ght b w , ee a nd ne the os um e is e mi nen ch k , ck ; c t tly ’ u i Re m ran s ne a e an d earri n D tch , w th b dt ckl c gs ai n m o f pearls . She is cert ly a wo an of dignity a n i a i nd fi e pres e nce . M chel c lls th s a po rtrait f as ia o S k . A S e a e 1 6 i the i ns ri i o n k tch d t d 39 , w th c pt , ” T ts a van Ul enb urch is reser e at o y y , p v d St ck

o m . h ans er a ie e of nee e h l S e l e o v p c dl work . H er asses res o n the end of her no se and h r gl t , e abun dant hair is brus hed back fro m the fore ’ a er is a i n i e s Remb he d . Th e co py M ch l ra ndt

2 . p . 60

h i n f th PAGE 75 . T e e tch g o e s ick w oman is des cribed by Middleton as a to u ching little s is re ar s an ketch d cove d by Ch le Bl c . Th o ugh the fea ures are o rn and a ere as we our t w lt d , se es o f en i ness em i n i ness we can et lv t w t th ll , y u recogni ze the face of Saskia . N o do bt Rem brandt may have made this sketch at the b edside of his i e a ou ere is i e i n it to su es w f , lth gh th l ttl gg t her ea ures f t .

he o se f the or rai o f as ia PAGE 84. T p O p t t S k at A n er simi ar to a at Casse a a tw p i s l th t l , h lf 98 N otes.

en rofi e s an i n i the ami iar ri l gth , p l , t d g, w th f l ch e ve hat ri e ne oran e u m es and the v l t b ght d by g pl ,

d eep red dres s trimm e d wi th gold . A cloak ha ngs fro m her right S h o ulder ; and there are

ear s i n her ne a e earrin s and ra e e s . p l ckl c , g , b c l t She ho lds a ro s e i n her hand . The ress ar o en a o u the ne ex d , p tly p b t ck ,

o s es the ro a . The o o r is arm and th p th t c l w , e e r s xp e sio n refined and thoughtful .

. a ar n i n P PAGE 87 . M H v d fi ds the rocla matienb o ek o f A msterdam this entrv

D . 1 0 feb . 1 , 668 .

Co m areerden : Titus van R n van . o ud 2 i aer p y , A 7 rt w eass met s n vader emb randt van R n o n . o d . g y , R y p

ro se racht . Ma d a ena van Lo o o ud 2 i aer eass : m g g l , 7 g et haer moeder nna H uib rechts wont o Si n e , A p g l .

A nna H uib recht was a witness at the baptism o f h er ran au er i ia van Ri n the 2 2 d g dd ght , T t j , o f ar 1 66 at the ieu e-Zi d s a e M ch , 9 , N w j k p l ; Rembran dt and Franco is van Byl aert ( Eekhoff B l r r n a l says ij e ) we e prese t so . Scheltema i es une 1 6 1 686 as the a e o f g v J , , d t ’ m rria ran i v n B la r Sh Titia s a ge to F co s a y e t. e

was i n her s eve nteenth year. H er i nh eritance am o u n e to Si een o usan fiori ns a er t d xt th d , v y

co nsiderable su m i n th os e days . She died

em er 2 2 1 2 . The our i re n ose N o v b , 7 5 f ch ld wh 99

N otes.

ie s of the sea was urie at the VVester v w , b d er and the no i e o f his ea was ri en k k , t c d th w tt us e o a o f Rem ran i a s ma j t b l w th t b dt , w th ll s a e e een the two en ri s is a n p c b tw t e . Th h ppe ed

. 8 1 66 . I n 1 6 Ca ari na van VV ck Oct , 9 74 th y , i o o f an Bl ankerof has Offere her an w d w J . d h d ” a nd her ear to Bare nd Barend s z ai o r s he h t , t l , i i n e n n th i n m l v g th o e S gel . To ake thi s legal e ara io n Ca arina was o i e rs to a e d cl t , th bl g d fi t h v ’ e ntered next her husban d s death no tice the a a he e a i o a nd two i ren and f ct th t l ft w d w ch ld ; , ’ as th ere was no ro o m below Bl a nckerhof s name the s a e a o e was u i i e and th e , p c b v t l z d , already happy wido w had the u nco nsci ous for tune o f beco mi ng immqrtal as the relict o f the

great Rembrandt .

I OI

E T C H I N G S O F S A S KI A

A s N u m bered i n the Ca ta l ogu es of

RTSCH BLA N c a nd DUTUI T . BA , ,

' S I urne to th e ri coiflée en che SA K A , t d ght (

i ne Rembra ndt . a e 1 6 . eu . v x) S g d , f D t d 34

Du . 1. 20 1 . One s a e . Bar. B t t 347 , , 335

B DE i ne R re erse . G RE AT J E WI SH RI . S g d ( v d)

a e 1 6 . o u r s a es . Bar. 0 ] . 1 D t d 34 F t t 34 , B 99 ,

Du 2 . . 3 9

Mr. r n 1 8 f his E xhi i Ko e e o . o b hl , p ti on o th e etched work Rem bra n d t a n d f of ,

o a rti s ts o hi s ci rcl e e sa s : is f f , w ll y Th ’ e i n has al so ee n a e as ia i tch g b c ll d S k , wh ch is s imply a libel u po n Remb randt a nd his armi n r i ch g fi s t w fe .

W ri LI TTLE J E I SH BRIDE St . Cathe ne

i ne Rembra ndt . a e 1 6 8 . One S g d , f D t d 3

. B1. 2 u 1 a . Bar 2 00 D . . st te 34 , , 33

SASKI A FAI LING Sketch es o f a wo man in b ed e ee n 1 6 and 1 6 0 a or in . B tw 35 4 , cc d g 1 1 B r. B 2 2 n . 6 . t m r. O s a e a o Vos ae e t t 3 9 , ,

Du . 357 . Etchin askia gs of S .

RE MBR N DT A N D SKI . i ne Rembra ndt A SA A S g d ,

. a e 1 6 6. One s a e . Bar 1 BI. f D t d 3 t t . 9 ,

20 Du . 1 . 3 , 9

r a TH R E E H E ADS . P ob bly Between 1 634 and

1 6 6. Two s a es . Bar. 6 B1. 2 0 Du . 3 t t 3 7 , 5 , 35 5 K r n rs un er the na m a Mr. oehle e te d e S s ” 1 1 Du . 6 kia a so Bar. 68 B . 2 . l 3 , 5 , 3 5

SI! E DS . i ne Rembra nd t : a e H A S g d , j D t d

Tw a s . Bar. 6 B1. 2 Du . 1 6 6 . o s e 3 t t 3 5 , 49 , 353

I C M S I A ou 1 6 0 ac S K WO AN ( SA K A b t 4 ,

o r i n to Vo s maer. One s a e . Bar. c d g t t 359 ,

B1. 202 Du . . , 347 ma r h is i n Vo s e t i nks th s ot Sas kia .

DE M N si i n u n A o NU WO A tt g po a knoll . b ut

1 6 ? One s a e . Bar. 1 8 B1. 1 62 Du . 35 t t 9 , ,

195 . Her bo dy is turned to the right and her r face to the left . Her left hand es ts upo n the grou nd ; her o ther hand to u ches the clothi ng r h a e ro n r sem es at he side . T e f c st gly e bl ki Sas a .

1 06 L A K THE WIL OF S S IA .

WILL OF SASKIA VAN ULENBURG H.

’ Trans ation fro m Sch el tema s Rembra n d ( l ,

IN th e nam e o f our or A m en . I n the ear L d , y o f the birth Of o u r Lo rd sixteen hu ndre d and ’ o r -two th e th Of u n e a o u nine O c o f ty , 5 J , b t l ck i n the m o rn i n a eare SK I UYLE N g , pp d SA A VAN B RCH ife of the o n o ra e RE MBR N T U , w h bl A VAN RH I N l i i n i n is i e no n to m e th e J , v g th c ty , w ll k w ,

no ar MR . I E TE R BA RCMA N wh o a o u t y ( P ) , , lth gh ill and o n ne to h er b ed oss es si n he r m e m c fi d , p g or and u n e rs an i n e n ire as is e i e n y d t d g t , v d t by her a earan e a i n o mm e n e her so u to pp c , h v g c d d l G o d A mi h and h e r o to a ris ian l g ty , b dy Ch t urial has a o i n e as he r e irs es e res b , pp t d h , by th p e n s TITUs VA N RH I N h er s o n as e as all t , J , , w ll o ther chil d re n to wh o m s h e m ay h ereafter give ir an d in as e o f the re e ceas e o f the o ne b th , c p d r the er o f es e e ir res e i e e i ima e o oth th , th p ct v l g t t es en an s re res en a io n o n is o n i d c d t by p t t , th c d io n o e er a the sai RE M BR N T VA N t , h w v , th t d A RHI N her u s a n u n i he re m arri es o r not J , h b d , t l , , marr in a a in u n i his e eas e s a re m ai n y g g , t l d c , h ll i n ful l po sses sio n a nd s hall have the use o f all 1 09 e il l Sa kia Th W of s .

ro er e he r the es a ri i the p p ty l ft by , t t t x , w th charge o f reari ng ho no rab l v the said child o r i re n i n a o r i eir o n i i o n a nd for ch ld , cc d w th th c d t une i n o o o i n i ns ru io n an d o er t , f d , cl th g , t ct , th ne ess i ies u n i eir ma o ri or u n il eir c t , t l th j ty t th m arria e he n the s ai us an of the es a g , w d h b d t t trix s hall po rtio n th e m or es tablis h th em as h e

i n s is e in his is re io n . She th e es a th k w d c t , t t ri is in m o reo er a all the ro er t x , w h g v th t p p ty which the s aid child re n will e nj oy i n virtue o f th ese presents m ay pass by i nh e ritance fro m o ne child dyi ng witho u t lawfu l heirs to the next i as far as the as and i n ase the as ch ld , l t , c l t S ou die a s o o r a s he the es a ri s o u h ld l , th t , t t t x , h ld ea e b ut o ne i a nd a is o ne s o u d ie l v ch ld , th t th h ld as e l i ou a u issu e to the sai RE M w l w th t l wf l , d BR T VA N RHI N her u s an in ase the AN J , h b d ; c s aid RE MBRANT VA N RH IJN s hal l i nherit the ro er o f th e sai i o r i ren he m a p p ty d ch ld ch ld , y a ie na e is o se o f or in an o er wa d o i l t , d p , y th y w th it acco rdi ng to his will a nd pleasure ; b ut at the ea o f the s ai RE MBR N T VA N RH I N o r i n d th d A J , ase he marries a ai n o ne- a o f all the ro c g , h lf p p erty o f whi ch he shall th en b e po ssessed ( it b ei ng u n de rs to o d th at th e re rem ai ns at this tim e property i nh erited by him fro m the said child o r children) s hall revert a nd pass to his

' s id e li nea e and o o — and the o er a , g , bl d , th h lf to H I SK I A UYLE N BURCH ro i e the sai VAN , p v d d d

1 1 0 ‘ a kia The Wil l of S s .

H I SKIA UYLE N B URCH sis er of the tes VAN , t tatrix a s to the o no ra e ULRI CUS VA N , p y h bl UYLE N BURCH a o a e at the ou r o f ries , dv c t c t F an ro er Of the es a ri and to the ho n l d , b th t t t x , o rab l e IDSE RT U YLE N BURCH ieu e nan VAN , l t t a in f th o m a n o f o o ne A es a s o c pta o e c p y C l l lv , l her ro er to ea th e s um o f a ousan flo r b th , ch th d ins and to th e i re n o f IE LLE TGE , ch ld VAN U YLE N BURCH her sis er a o e er a i e su m , t , lt g th , l k — Of one th ousa nd flo ri ns ; with o ut the said RE MBR T R H I N u s an of the es a AN VAN J , h b d t t ri ei n o i e to urni s to a n o ne an t x , b g bl g d f h y a o un or in e n o r o f the s ai ro er o r cc t v t y d p p ty, without his be ing h eld to the Falcidian l aw in re ar to e u es s o r to i e i n is ase a g d b q t , g v th c guarantee ; fro m all which th e testatrix by th ese resen s e res s e em s her s ai u s a n p t xp ly x pt d h b d , o n en a he her sai u s an i l a u i c fid t th t , d h b d , w l cq t him self i n thi s regard co nsci enti o usly . Finally the testatrix orders that no ne of the property left by her s hall b e te mpo rarily declared i n an am er o f r ans b u t a all ma y Ch b O ph , th t y , fo r the eir o r eirs u n er a e o f the e s a ri h h , d g , t t t x , b e managed and adminis tered by the said RE M BR T RH I N her us an to i AN VAN J , h b d , wh ch end she the es a ri o ns i u es he r sai hus , , t t t x , c t t t d band guardian Of the said mi no rs and ad mi nis ra o r of eir ro er and e u es e x fes s l t t th p p ty , xcl d p y all o ur s of or ans a nd eir re u a io ns and c t ph th g l t ,

I I I

‘ A M THE F ILY OF ULEN BURGH.

THE FAMILY OF ULENBURG H.

ROMME RT VA N ULE N BURGH had

. SA SKE In . Keim e S o erd s Wiarda I , p j ,

deputy .

. IE TE R m . aria o mas and had II P , M Th ,

i . A a lt e m . an o rne is ius mi n j , J C l Sylv , is er at A m s er am and had t t d ,

1 . ie er ius mi nis er at Sl oo ten. P t Sylv , t

11 . B a rbara m . Ru o us A rto eeus , d lph p , in r m iste .

ROMBE RTUS o f eeu ar e n ries an , L w d , F l d ,

a erand a ri o . 1 62 m . S uk e l wy p t t , d 4 j j

Osin a who ie 1 6 1 . e had g , d d 9 Th y

i . Rombertus a er . 1 6 1 m . , l wy , d 3

Idtie Hannya .

n . Ul ri c a er m . Maai e van rens . , l wy , k O - iii . I dsert ieu e na n a ai n . , l t t c pt

iv. elt e . 1 6 m . o e va n j j , d 37 ; D ld

Ockema .

. k b randt G st H end ri e m . W d e v j , y e e ,

painter. 1 1 5

L A A L BIB IOGR PHIC N OTES.

BIBLI A H A L E OG R P IC N OT S.

B LA N c C ar es . , h l ’ L CE uvre d e Rem bran dt décrit et co m m l enté . O uvrage co mpre nant a rep roducti o n

d e ou e s l e s es am es d u m ai r aris . t t t p t e . P

A . t . . . . u a n i n 1 880 . e i 2 ! Text pp xl v , 3 3

1 f . . f . . . vol . o with 3 53 plates i n 2 vol o and l fo

R DI . d E S A a n d R E E R . e . B U , , O V , N Rem ran nieu e b i d ra e n to t z 1 n e b dt , w j g j - l evens es chie d n is etc. I n Oud H oll a nd a g ; ,

peri odical fo u n ded i n 1 88 2 .

RTI S ar es . CU , Ch l B ’ R m r i f th e m s e b andt s etchi ngs . F fty o o t no table etchi ngs of Rembrandt repro duced by the ph o togravure pro ce ss ; with bi og ra h of Re m ra n and e s ri i e a nd p y b dt , d c pt v

is o ri a no e s to ea c i u re . N ew Yo r h t c l t h p ct k , ' ’ Dodd !Mea d fr Co . 1 88 . , 9 The bi ographical no tice contai ns facts re ’ a i n to Re m ra n s a er i e i c ere l t g b dt l t l f , wh h w unk no w n wh e n the wo rks of Blanc and Vo s

maer were writte n . 1 1 9

Bibl i a ical t ogr ph N o es .

Co n ain in o u m en s a nd enea o i a t g d c t , g l g c l no es o n the am i ies o f Ul enb ur h d e G ees t f l g , t ,

ius e tc . Sylv ,

RD enri . HAVA , H ’ L r t l s A r i an i . i ri A t e e s e a a s . t t s holl d s . P

1 879 . “ ” H is essa Le il s d e Rem ran y , F b dt , with the s ketch by Rem brandt k n o wn as “ ” n r h Titus . F ou ded i n pa t u po n is own r ear s am n the re r s at A m s er am es ch e o g co d t d .

K E HLE R . R . O , S ” as ia van Ul e n ur h I n h A S k b g . t e m eri

’

ca n A rt R ew ew vo l . 2 i isio n 2 o s o n , , d v , B t , - 1 1 1 2 1 1 . A n in eres in ar i 88 1 . e , pp 4 t t g t cl by the Cura o r o f the rin e ar m en useu m t p t d p t t , M

o f ine A r s o s o n as s . us ra ed . F t , B t , M Ill t t

E MCKE C. L . “ ” R m ran va n i n h e b dt R j . In t e seco nd ’ hm s vo lum e Of R . Do e Ku ns t und Kii nstl er

d es i e a ers u nd d er eu ei ei i M tt l lt N z t , L pz g ,

1 878 . Co ntaining a wo o dcut o f the po rtrait of Saskia at Cas s el and the sketch Of as ia in th e er i n Ga er 1 6 S k B l ll y , 33 r is a f is i n e e o o s e . Th c py th k tch J W . ’ ” ll m n Mo ett s Re ra o n o n 1 8 . b dt , L d , 79

1 2 1 B a hical e ibl iogr p N ot s .

O

I CHE L mi e . M , E l Rem ran sa Vie so n ( E uvre et so n b dt, , ’ “ /t t ’ e m s . aris H a c e te ér C . 1 8 . T p P , 93

u is e in o r i raiso ns ea o n ai n P bl h d f ty l v , ch c t

i n 1 6 . i i us ra ions and two d e g pp w th ll t t , m n h r r tached plates . A o g t e po t aits o f Sas kia are th o se i n the co lle cti o n of Prince Liechten

stein a nd E . A n d re th e latter o rmer o wne aro ose at f ly d by M . H ; th Sto ck ho lm Cas se l and the H er ’ mi a e 1 6 as ia o n Rem ran s nee t g ( 34) S k b dt k , “ at Dresden ( 1 635 and the Jewis h Bride 1 6 2 in the iec e ns e in o e io n o ( 3 L ht t c ll ct , b th o o ra ures a so the e in s The Six ph t g v ; l tch g , ” Heads a n d S askia turned to the ri a nd the s e at er i n ght k tch B l ,

SCH E LTE MA . , P Remb rand is o u rs sur sa vie et s o n , D c n ra n n um n gé n ie . A vec u g d o mbre de do c e ts

is o ri ues . ouvell e é i io n orri ée e t au h t q N d t , c g g

n u iée et a nno ée ar . Bti r er. m e tee . P bl t p W g

aris Renoua rd . 1 866 . Port. o Rembra n dt . P , f

VOSMA E R , C. ° 2 Rembrandt : sa Vie et ses ( E uvres . i cd . re o n ue et au m e n é e . La a e : ar s f d g t H y P , m ai n d Rem ran 1 8 . Fron t . La s o e 77 b dt ,

1 6 0 a 1 6 6 a nd l a tes . 4 5 , p

1 2 2 Bibl io ra hical te g p N o s .

as e o n se ier Schel tem a e h off B d El v , , E k , h i and Bii rger. T e l fe o f Sas kia is given i n chapters

xiv Sas ia van l enb ur h . . k U g ’ a i n l uvr xv . S sk a da s ce e d e Rem

brandt .

' x fl ir m x A a e d e a i . u . s f lle

x i . Re m ran e l ui x v b dt ch z . Fo r a re ie of is o o and a ri i ism v w th b k , c t c ’ o f the auth o r s views co ncerni ng the doubtfu l o r rai s o f as ia see A re vo n ur p t t S k , lf d W z ’ “ ” a : Vo s m aer s Rem ran i n A l l e b ch b dt , g i Zei u n 1 n m e ne t 8 8 r. 6 . 1 00 a nd g, 7 9 ( pp 3

R ZB CH A re vo n e i o r. WU A , lf d , d t - Re m ran a erie . u ar Pa u l N . b dt g l St ttg t , ef ’ 1 886 8 . e . 1 0 and 0 a es , 4 T xt pp 4, 4 pl t i 60 uar o a es i n a as . fo . q t ; w th pl t tl , l Thes e volu m es co ntai n co pies o f the po rtraits at o o m ai n i n 1 6 2 R e m St ckh l ; p t g , 3 . ’ ” r n a i n b a dt s G tt S askia . i an rera Ga er Bil d niss d er M l , B ll y ” as ia 1 6 2 . The a e is o u fu and S k , 3 f c y th l

rou n . Sh e has au u rn air b ut n o ear d b h , p l ne a e a nd a ur e man e i e a i n ckl c , p pl tl l k th t the o r rai at o o m i a o b o r p t t St ckh l , w th g ld

d er.

1 23

I N D E ! .

exan er u e o f arma i n the N e er an s . Al d , D k P , th l d , 5 ’ ms er am i n as ia s im e 1 . A t d S k t , 4

A nto niss sea i e ce 68 . , p by ,

n e r o r rai o f aski a 8 8 1 2 . A tw p p t t S , 4 , 9 , 4

Bar man c ie e r 80 . , P t ,

Barne ve t O e n 2 1 ld , ld , .

Be r i n s etc o f as ia 1 2 1 . l k h S k , 43 , Bl a nckerho f an 1 00 , J , .

B0] e r i nan his o rtrait o f as ia 0 ri n s , F d d , p S k , 7 , 97 ; b g ’ as ia s e ac . S k l g y , 73 Breed traat 6 s , 7 .

Brera a e r o rtrait o f as ia 1 2 . g ll y p S k , 3

Brusse s o rtrai o f as ia 0 . l p t S k , 7 , 97

B l aert ran o is va n 0 . y , F c , 9 , 99

asse o rtrait o f Sas i a 2 2 1 2 . C l p k , 9 , 3 , 4

ivic G u ar ai nti n 8 . C d , p g , 7

o cc us 1 . C cj , 2

o c rans Banni n and his co m an . C k , F g , p y , 77

Co mme lin as ar 6 his o o o n m s te r am 1 , C p , 5 ; b k A d , 4 ,

96 . 1 27

ar M o r rai o f a i a n n o . s e o i to 0 . H , , p t t S k b l g g , 3

avar H . and the wi e o f i tus 8 H d , , 53 ; f T , 7, 99 .

H e e nitius Go t ri e . g , tf d , 4

e rmi a e o rtrai o f as ia 1 2 . H t g p t S k , 34 , 4

H u b recht nna 8 . i , A , 7 , 99

H ui ens o nstan i n e s em ran t hi s jg , C t , h lp R b d , 47

co rres o n e nce wi em ran 8 . p d th R b dt , 5 , 73

aure u uan at em s the assassi na io n o f Wil J g y , J , t pt t i am o f Oran e l g , 9 . ewis Bri e e c in 6 J h d , t h g , 4 .

Kne e r Si r Go re 8 . ll , df y , 9

Ko e e r . R . o n the e c in s o f as ia 1 0 1 06 . hl , S , t h g S k , 5 ,

La emme co if ée en c eve u e c i n 6 . f f h x , t h g , 4

Lastman ie er o n the Breed straat 8 . , P t , , 4 au ner Max L t , , 97 . ’ awsu i o e r the ro er o f as ia s at er L t v p p ty S k f h , 5 7 , 9 7 ,

e uwar e n as e cri e H e e nitius . L e d d s b d by g , 4

eicester E ar o f 1 . L , l , 4 ie c tens e i n rince o r rai o f as ia e o n i n L h t , P , p t t S k b l g g

to 1 . , 3

ie e ns an scenes 6 . L v , J , by , 9

i t e e wis Bri e e tc in . L t l J h d , h g , 47

Lo o ertus van 6 . , Alb , 5 ’ Lo o Gerri va n marries as ia s sis er 2 . , t , 3 7 ; S k t , 4

LOO a a e na van 8 . , M gd l , 7 , 99 uin a o o e H erm ansz L g , R d lph , 37 ,

Macco vius o annes 20 ea o f his i e . , J h , ; d th w f , 33

ar are i e o f Ot a io arne se . M g t, w f t v F , 5 1 29 aurice rince 2 1 . M , P , Me na h- - sse b e n I srae e c i n o f 0 . l , t h g , 5 ic e E mi e 1 a nd the e c i n i ch re re M h l , l , 3 ; t h g wh p

se n s as i a ai i n 2 o n a o u u o r rai t S k f l g , 7 ; d btf l p t t ,

98 .

i e o n Mr 8 M ddl t , . , 97 , 9 .

o r an o o ne 1 1 M g , C l l , .

o e . L Wi iam th i . o n e en 8 . M tl y , J , ll S l t ,

- N i wa c ain in 8 . ght t h , p t g , 7

Oran n f Wi i h e Wi iam ri ce o . See am t e Si g , ll , P ll en l t .

a ma Ve cchi o ic ures 6 . P l , p t by , 9

o r rai s o f as ia See as ia o r rai s o f. P t t S k . S k , p t t

a ae a ea 6 . R ph l , h d by , 9 em ran t van Ri n mo es to ms er am 2 his R b d j v A t d , 5 ; asso ci a es 2 his m o t er marries as ia t , 7 ; h , 35 ; S k , 6 o n he Breed straat 2 mo es to he 3 ; t , 4 ; v t

ieu e Do l tr t 8 his art 0 mo es to N w e e s aa , 4 ; , 5 ; v ’ Bi nnen- ms e e en s his i e s re A t l , 55 ; d f d w f p

u tatio n mo es to the o en Breedstraat , 5 7 ; v J d , his o me o h the Breed straat 66 su ec s 6 5 ; h , ; bj t

o se n fo r ic ure s 0 ea o f his m o er ch p t , 7 ; d th th , 2 his ic ures fo r ri nce re e ric e nr 7 ; p t P F d k H y , ’ h is or his io ns 6 a er as ia s 73 ; w k , 75 ; l , 7 ; ft S k

eat 8 8 8 and the m arria e o f i us d h , 3 , 5 , 7 ; g T t , 8 a an ru 88 hi s c arac er 1 chi ren 7 ; b k pt , ; h t , 9 ; ld o f 6 his au ter o rne ia 1 00 did he , 9 ; d gh C l , ;

m arry again P 1 00 . 1 30 e m ran and as i a e tc i n 2 . R b dt S k , h g , 5

e m ran and as ia ainti n at res en 6 R b dt S k , p g D d , 3 .

e nne er o un e ra s Gro nin e n . R b g , C t , b t y g , 7

Rh dd o r rai o f as ia 1 2 . y p t t S k , 4 ’ o ri ue a a o r Re m ran t s ne i o r 6 . R d g , S lv d , b d ghb , 7

i n em ran van . S ee e m ran van Ri n . R j , R b dt R b dt j

i n itia van . See itia van i n. R j , T T R j

i n itus van . S ee itus van i n . R j , T T R j

St. n o n a e and ri e 6 . A th y g t b dg , 5 as i a the wi e o f Rem ran h er ir 1 ea S k , f b dt , b th , 9 ; d th o f her mo er 2 2 ea o f her a e r 2 th , ; d th f th , 4 ;

me e s em ran 2 at rane er her t R b dt , 7 ; F k , 33 ; m arria e 6 at Bi 8 ir o f her so n g , 3 ; ldt , 4 ; b th Ro mb ertus her influence her o r rai s , 49 ; , 49 p t t , 2 irt o f o rne ia s an ere her rel 5 ; b h C l , 54 ; l d d by

ati es her o me o n the Breedstraat 6 v , 5 7 ; h , 5 ;

a ism o f her au ter o rne ia 1 ea o f b pt d gh C l , 7 ; d th her aun ir Of h e r so n itus i n ai t , 73 ; b th T , 74 ; f l in ea her wi 80 1 0 her ea gh lth , 75 , 79 ; ll , , 7 ; d th ,

8 her c i re n 6 1 1 6 . 3 ; h ld , 9 ,

as ia ai in e c i n 2 . S k f l g t h g , 7

as ia o r rai s o f. n we r o r rai 8 8 1 2 S k , p t t A t p p t t , 4, 9 , 4 ; Ber in s etc 1 2 1 Brera o r rai 1 2 l k h , 43 , ; p t t , 3 ; Brusse s or rai 0 asse o r rai 2 l p t t , 7 , 97 ; C l p t t , 9 ,

2 1 2 res en or rai t 2 1 2 3 , 4 ; D d p t 3 , 4 ; res en or rait 1 2 u c a D d p t 75 , 4 ; D t h L dy , 2 La emm e co i fée en c e eu 6 30, 1 4 ; f f h v x , 4 ; ’ aro s or rai 0 ermi a e o rtrai H p t t , 3 ; H t g p t , 34, 1 2 ewis Bri e e tchi n 6 ie c e ns ein 4 ; J h d ( g) , 4 ; L ht t o r rai 1 itt e e is Bri e Rem p t t, 3 ; L l J w h d , 47 ; 1 3 1