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Icb Neurociências, Hipnose E Vidas Pa Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Especialização em Neurociências e Comportamento - ICB NEUROCIÊNCIAS, HIPNOSE E VIDAS PASSADAS RODRIGO EDUARDO PEREIRA FERRETTI Belo Horizonte 2008 RODRIGO EDUARDO PEREIRA FERRETTI NEUROCIÊNCIAS, HIPNOSE E VIDAS PASSADAS RODRIGO EDUARDO PEREIRA FERRETTI NEUROCIÊNCIAS, HIPNOSE E VIDAS PASSADAS Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação Lato Sensu (Especialização) em Neurociência e Comportamento do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federa! de Minas Gerais para obtenção do título de Especialista em Neurociência e Comportamento. Orientadora: Prof^ Leonor Bezerra Guerra. 043 Ferretti, Rodrigo Eduardo Pereira. F387n Neurociências, hipnose c vidas passadas [manuscrito] / Rodrigo Eduardo Pereira Ferretti. - 2008. 82 f.: il.; 29,5 cm. Orientador: Leonor Bezerra Guerra. Monografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. l. Neurociências - Teses. 2. Hipnose. 3. Terapia de vida passada - Teses. 4. Imagem por ressonância magnética - Teses. 5. Tomografia por emissão de pósitrons. 6. Memória - Teses. 7. Consciência - Teses. 8. Cérebro - Teses. I. Guerra, Leonor Bezerra. II. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. III. Título. CDU: 612.871 Agradecimentos Obrigado à Vida, Vida dos caminhos retos, dos caminhos tortos, das subidas... das ladeiras, Vida de caminhos cruzados com outras vidas... Vidas ricas... ou não... Vidas belas... interessantes. Vidas que ensinam e que aprendem... Vidas que não nos deixam esquecer que quando se busca viver, já aí nesta busca encontramos a vida. Agradeço: Aos meus pais e meu irmão Léo, pelo apoio em toda essa caminhada. Ao meu filho João Pedro que é uma criaturinha muito especial. Aos amigos do LAFRAMN, em especial ao Warien, pelas conversas animadas logo pelas manhãs. Ao amigo Emerson Pedersoli, pelos conselhos sempre prudentes e pelo apoio incondicional de sua figura amiga e interessante. À vó l^artha, com suas histórias e presença agradável. A Anette, por suas conversas vivas de renovação e leveza. As companheiras dos tempos do CEAD e dos dias de hoje, Lúcia Helena, Célia e Cátia. \ A dona Rosa, pelo carinho e inestimável atenção, sempre. Agradeço especialmente à Leonor, minha orientadora, que me permitiu falar sobre este tema que muito me intriga. Por ser ela uma pessoa extraordinária, por sua capacidade de escutar, ensinar e de motivar ao objetivo anelado. RESUMO A hipnose tem sido utilizada como ferramenta diagnostica e terapêutica para evocação de memórias em pacientes portadores de estresse pós- traumático, incluindo evocação de eventos que parecem relacionados a outras vivências que não às do próprio paciente, caracterizando uma regressão à vidas passadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura, utilizando pesquisa bilbiográfica nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, Portal da Capes, no período de 1974 a 2007, para verificar as bases biológicas da hipnose, da memória e assim propor um método de investigação que possa verificar o fenômeno de regressão à vivências passadas. A literatura apresenta dados consistentes sobre os mecanismos neuroanatômicos, neurofisiológicos e comportamentals da hipnose e da memória, estudadas, em humanos, por métodos de imageamento cerebral. Assim, nosso trabalho permitiu a proposição de um estudo ou experimento que utiliza um equipamento de imageamento cerebral, para a verificação de quais são as áreas cerebrais ativadas durante o relato de memórias evocadas em uma sessão de hipnose em voluntários, através da técnica de regressão à vidas passadas. Palavras-chave; Cérebro, consciência, mente, memória, neurociência, hipnose, imageamento cerebral, regressão à vidas passadas. ABSTRACT The hypnosis has been used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment of patients with pos-trauma stress disorder through memory evocation. This treatment comprises evocation of events that seem to be related to other experiences that are not from the patient himself. That is they cousist of a regression to past grasps of existences. This work aims to review literature about the subject using bibliography research based on data from Scielo, PubMed, Portal Capes in the period from 1974 to 2007, besides that, the research tries to verify the biological basis of hypnosis and memory and proposes a method to investigate the phenomena of regression to past grasps of existences. The review literature points to consistent data about neuroanatomies neurophysiological and comportamental mechanisms of hypnosis and memory. These mechanisms are studied in human beings through methods of brain imaging. Thus, this work allows a proposal for a study or experiment using an equipament for brain imagement in order to verify brain areas activated during the report of evocated memories in a hypnosis session. For these volunteers will be envolved through techniques for past life regression. Key-words: Brain, awareness, mind, memory, neuroscience, hypnosis, brain imaging, past life regression. PREFÁCIO Quando alguém se propõe a escrever algo, pesquisar, saber mais, não é, seguramente, sem uma razão capaz de mobilizar as energias para o empreendimento proposto. Compartilho aqui o que me mobilizou para a escolha do tema deste trabalho, para facilitar a contextualização no trabalho, de um fenômeno que é verificado também por outros terapeutas. Logo quando iniciei os atendimentos psicoterápicos, comecei a utilizar sugestões verbais de relaxamento para o tratamento de pacientes que apresentavam algum transtorno de ansiedade. Como os resultados eram muito satisfatórios, fui ampliando a utilização com o uso de psicodrama interno de Moreno, para trabalhar algumas questões dos pacientes. Foi quando ao atender uma paciente de 17 anos com a técnica do psicodrama interno, que ela começou a relatar experiências que não tinham nenhuma relação com a vida dela. Falou de quando era criança na Europa, na idade média, com detalhes impressionantes. Objetos, locais, situações e dentre as pessoas que viu, identificou como sendo o seu pai naquela existência, o avô que já havia falecido.Voltou do psicodrama interno, afirmando que agora ela compreendia o porque tinha tanta ligação afetiva com aquele avô que já havia falecido. Fiquei intrigado com o relato e perguntei-lhe se havia assistido a algum filme, ou lido algum livro ou algo parecido que pudesse ter influenciado a experiência. Ela disse que não, que simplesmente viu o que relatou é que acreditava que poderia ser uma outra vida. Resolvi ler mais a respeito e fiz cursos de hipnose e também de terapias de vivências passadas, os quais utilizo quando apropriado no consultório, como uma ferramenta que tem gerado resultados positivos em termos de benefícios para quem se submete. Porém, mesmo com a experiência empírica deste fenômeno, com relatos das experiências de outras vidas nas sessões, percebo a falta de material científico para explicar melhor este fenômeno, ao que nos propusemos a este trabalho que agora apresentamos, como uma forma de angariar maior conhecimento a respeito do assunto. SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO 11 1.1 OBJETIVOS 13 1.2 METODOLOGIA 13 2 O CONHECIMENTO, O PARADIGMA CIENTÍFICO E A CONSILIÊNCIA 14 2.1 AS RELEVÂNCIAS DO CONHECIMENTO 15 2.2 A MUDANÇA DE PARADIGMA CIENTÍFICO 18 2.3 CONSILIÊNCIA; A UNIDADE DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO 21 3 MENTE E CÉREBRO E SUAS POSSÍVEIS RELAÇÕES 24 3.1 A MENTE 26 3.2 A IDÉIA DE UM EU UNIFICADO 27 3.3 A CONSCIÊNCIA 28 3.4 A MEMÓRIA 32 3.5 AS BASES NEUROFISIOLÓGICAS DA MEMÓRIA 34 3.6 AS FALSAS MEMÓRIAS 40 4 A HIPNOSE 42 4.1 HISTÓRICO 42 4.2 DEFINIÇÕES DE HIPNOSE 43 4.3 HIPNOSE E IMAGEAMENTO CEREBRAL 45 4.4 HIPNOSE E MEMÓRIA - O ACESSO ÀS LEMBRANÇAS 46 4.5 BASES NEUROANATÔMICAS E FUNCIONAIS DA HIPNOSE 47 4.6 O CÉREBRO HIPNOTIZADO 48 4.7 HIPNOSE E A TERAPIA DE VIVÊNCIAS PASSADAS 5]^ 5 O CÉREBRO EM HIPNOSE E REGRESSÃO: EM BUSCA DE UMA PERSPECTIVA NEUROCIENTÍFICA PROPONDO A PESQUISA 53 5.1 QUESTÕES A SEREM ABORDADAS NESTA PESQUISA 56 REFERÊNCIAS 58 APÊNDICE I - TÉCNICAS DE IMAGEAMENTO CEREBRAL 63 APÊNDICE II - RELAÇÃO DE ARTIGOS CIENTÍFICOS PUBLICADOS QUE SUGEREM A EXISTÊNCIA DA MENTE INDEPENDENTEMENTE DO CÉREBRO DO APÊNDICE III - CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A MONOGRAFIA APÔS AVALIAÇÃO 83 11 1 INTRODUÇÃO A década de 90 foi declarada como sendo a Década do Cérebro. O desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento de tecnologias e de técnicas de Imageamento cerebral, microscopia, identificação celular por marcadores específicos, eletrofisiologia, engenharia genética, dentre outras, propiciaram avanços significativos na compreensão do funcionamento do cérebro humano e de sua importância em relação à cognição e às emoções (LENT, 2005). Quando o cérebro passou a ser estudado in vivo, através dos equipamentos de neuroimagem, abriu-se uma nítida base de desenvolvimento neurocientífico para se explicar como cem bilhões de neurônios, interligados em infinitas possibilidades, constituem o mais avançado encéfalo já conhecido (CARTER, 2003). Nunca se compreendeu tanto sobre a associação dos fenômenos mentais ao funcionamento de áreas cerebrais específicas. Em nível celular, por exemplo, compreende-se cada vez melhor os fenômenos de degeneração cerebral e de senilidade. Porém, mesmo com muitas descobertas e aplicações, a ciência ainda não elucidou de forma clara e efetiva o que vem a ser a consciência e como ela se manifesta? Ou o que é, em essência, a mente? O fato é que, se a maioria dos estudos na atualidade tem dado respostas que apontam para a mente e a consciência como um produto do funcionamento dos neurônios em associação,
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