IN PARTNERSHIP WITH contents TableContents of 2 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada Excel TrainExcel to TrainCompete to Compete to Learn TrainPlay to Play to Learn FUNdamentals and Start Active Development of Stages Golf Long-Termfor Framework Development Enter,Excel & Enjoy System Development Golf Integrated An Forward Moving a Vision for Basis The Golf:LTPDCanadian … LTPDInfluencing Factors Key 10 LTPDthe on Information Background of Terms Glossary Document Use This to How LTPDan Needs Guide Canada Why Introduction Acknowledgements 34 32 30 28 26 24 23 22 20 19 16 14 10 9 7 6 5 4 3 Enjoy: Active for Life Enjoy:for Active References Figures and FactsFast Appendices Psychological TrainingGolf for Physiological TrainingGolf for Elements Core Program Coaching and Instructor 66 64 54 49 45 41 38 36 acknowledgementsAcknowledgements

“I am truly thankful to the following individuals LTPD Steering Committee Members Paul Barker – Freelance Writer who participated in the creation of this document Gary Bernard – Executive Director, PGA of Canada and were critical to making it all happen:” Dr. Steve Norris – LTAD Expert, Canadian Sport Centre, Calgary Doug Roxburgh – Canadian Golf Hall of Fame member, Jeff Thompson – LTPD Project Manager and Golf Canada Consultant, High Performance Programs Chief Sport Development Officer, Golf Canada. Dr. Dana Sinclair – Sport Psychologist consultant Jeff Thompson – LTPD Project Manager and Chief Sport Development Officer, Golf Canada Dr. Greg Wells – Exercise Physiology consultant

LTPD Task Force Committee Members Henry Brunton – PGA of Canada Class “A” member Ann Carroll – PGA of Canada Class Class “A” member, PGA of Canada Class “A” member, Golf Canada Women’s National Team Assistant Coach Glenn Cundari – PGA of Canada Class “A” member Bari Gourley – PGA of Canada Class “A” member Lee Ann Jeffcock – PGA of Canada Class “B” member/ NSGA coach Daniel Langevin – PGA of Canada Class “A” member Chris MacDonald – PGA of Canada Class “A” member / UBC Golf Coach Paul MacDonald – Consultant Cathy Sherk – PGA of Canada Class “A” member / Cdn. Golf Hall of Fame member Dean Spriddle – PGA of Canada Class “A” member Dave Woods – PGA of Canada Class “A” member / PGA Tour coach/ U of T Coach Sam Young – PGA of Canada Class “A” member LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Graphic Designer – Barbara Moore 3 Photography provided by – Abel Photography, Rob Hanna, Golf Canada Archives, Sport Canada and John Woods introductionIntroduction olf Canada and the PGA of Canada are pleased to present the Long-Term Player Development (LTPD) Guide for Golf in Canada. This document provides G a valuable roadmap as we develop a pathway to creating champions. The LTPD is an important first step towards reaching our goal of placing Canada among the top golfing nations in the world. To achieve that goal we need: • Partnership and cooperation among the various national and provincial golf associations. • Systematic talent identification. • Systematic coaching development and support at all levels. • An athlete development framework from the grassroots to elite levels. • Training programs tailored specifically to an athlete’s developmental stage. • Long-term strategies rather than a short-term focus.

To develop this LTPD we have incorporated best practices and the latest scien- tific research from a number of sports organizations from Canada and around the world, as well as the Canadian golf industry.

We believe the guide is a key factor in achieving international success for our athletes and fostering a life-long love and involvement in the sport of golf by as many Canadians as possible.

It not only provides a solid framework, but clearly outlines the roles and respon- sibilities of everyone involved in the sport. The ultimate goal is to create a model for success for years to come. Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 4

Scott Simmons Gary Bernard Golf Canada, CEO and Executive Director PGA of Canada, CEO Why Canada needs a Long-Termneeds Player Development (LTPD) Guide The need for a systematic LTPD process arises from the challenge of competing in the rapidly advancing international sporting arena and the resulting importance of identifying and developing the next generation of internationally successful athletes. Furthermore, participation in recreational sport and physical activity has been declining and physical education programs in schools are being marginalized. When addressing the steps necessary to implementing LTPD it is critical to be cognizant of shortcomings that are affecting not only golf, but the entire Canadian sport system, along with the consequences of those shortcomings. Through proper implementation of golf’s LTPD guide and the principles of development that it advocates, we will enable all stakeholders to recognize these challenges and develop cooperative strategies to overcome them.

Shortcomings Consequences

Developmental golfers over-compete and under-train Bad habits developed from too much competition where the focus is on winning Adult training and competition programs are imposed on Undeveloped and unrefined skills due to inappropriate training developing players Preparation is geared to the short-term outcome and winning Lack of systematic development of the next generation of successful international and not on optimal long-term development athletes Chronological rather than developmental age is used in training and Remedial programs, implemented by provincial and national team coaches, to competition planning counteract the shortcomings of athlete preparation Coaches largely neglect the critical periods of accelerated adaptation to training Athletic potential is not reached Typically, the most knowledgeable coaches work at the elite level; least experi- Poor skill development, inappropriate level of programming, poor demonstration enced and trained coaches work at the developmental level where quality of of skills trained coaches are essential Parents are not educated about the LTPD Players are pulled in different directions In most instances, the competition schedule interferes with Poor movement abilities compromise long-term development – the focus being on athlete development short term age group success There is not integration between physical education programs in schools, Little talent identification, poor movement skill education and performance levels DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA recreational community programs and elite competitive programs in international competitions 5 Limited access of affordable training at facilities Lack of depth in talent pool – limited number of genetically talented players can afford to take up the game, inhibits overall growth of mass participation use 6 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada ed ad eur idvdaie pormig and professionals. qualified,accredited by evaluation programming individualized require and needs social and emotional, mental, physical, unique own please keep in mind that all players/athletes have their physiology, (i.e., tracked easily etc.) psychology be can specific stages those on commentary specific colour thus are coded, stages LTPD the to relevant sections golfer All a that development game. of the in matures she or he as through progresses stages the to refer individuals all for sport.the guide within this within sections various The enhanced is experience golf the that ensure to flexibility of degree a with them use to coaches, that families, educators, and officials and players need whole a as sport the for recommendations world.the around from experts science sport administrators,and based upon research and best practices from coaches, our in and should be viewed as country a community working document, golf the outside and within from consultation process involving a wide variety of experts people of numbergrave.” to from “cradle golf of sport the in participating the increase to and players our G When referring to the information in this document, this in information the to referring When and guidelines are these that noted be should It broad a through designed been has guide The systematic guide to maximizing the potentialmaximizingof the andtosystematic guide consistent a establish to designed been has GuideLong-TermDevelopmentolf’s Player How to use this document this use to How Glossary termsof terms

olf, like any specialized sport, has a language which individuals repeatedly rehearse the same task. which makes it the oldest professional golf associ- unto itself. This section will enable you to It is also referred to as low contextual interference. ation in North America. Further information is avail- Gdevelop a better understanding of the terms Cardiovascular Endurance refers to the general able at www.pgaofcanada.com. commonly used when referring to golf training. physical fitness of the athlete. More specifically, it is Developmental Age refers to the interrelationship the body’s ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients to between growth and maturation in relation to the Accelerated Adaptation refers to a stimulus or a tissues and to remove wastes over a sustained period. passage of time. The concept of development also series of stimuli, which induces functional and/or The heart, lungs, blood, and muscles must all be includes the social, emotional, intellectual, and motor morphological changes in the organism. Naturally, the working optimally for maximal cardiovascular endur- realms of the child. Developmental age reflects the level or degree of adaptation is dependent on the ance. In golf, cardiovascular endurance is important for ‘true’ overall situation of an individual’s growth and genetic endowment of an individual. keeping high energy levels during play, having the maturation and may be thought of as an index of devel- Anthropometry Measurement is a regular, period- ability to play and practice for long periods of time opment stated as the age in years of an individual and ical measurement of standing height, sitting height, without fatigue, and for overall health. determined by specified standardized measurements arm span and weight to monitor growth. This helps CDM The Coaching Development Model is the such as motor and mental tests and body measure- predict the onset of PHV. framework which defines the structure of the coaching ments. The terms “growth” and “maturation” are often Ball Speed is a measurement in MPH of the ball’s program that is put in place to support and train used together and sometimes synonymously. However, initial velocity, once a golfer hits the ball, which is coaches to service participants in the sport of golf. each refers to specific biological activities. Growth measured at impact by a device known as a “Launch Chronological Age refers to the number of years refers to observable, step-by-step, measurable changes Monitor.” Ball speed shows how much energy the and days elapsed since birth. Growth, development, in body size such as height, weight, and percentage of golfer is transferring to the golf ball. and maturation operate in a time framework; that is, body fat. Maturation refers to qualitative system Ball speed, along with the variables of launch the child’s chronological age. Children of the same changes, both structural and functional in nature, in the angle (take-off trajectory), and spin rates (backspin chronological age can differ by several years in their organism’s progress toward maturity; for example, the and sidespin in RPM) determine the distance, trajec- level of biological maturation. The integrated nature of change of cartilage to bone in the skeleton. tory, and flight characteristics of the golf ball. Ball growth and maturation is achieved by the interaction of Emotional Management is the acceptance and speed is different than club head speed. Ball speed genes, hormones, nutrients, and the physical and processing of feelings. The ability to understand and reliably shows how centered or “flush” the contact is psychosocial environments in which the individual effectively manage basic human emotions (e.g., whereas club head speed measures how fast the lives. This complex interaction regulates the child’s fear, anger, guilt/embarrassment, surprise, sadness, club is traveling at impact. Club head speed does growth, neuromuscular maturation, sexual maturation, happiness). not take into account how much energy is trans- and general physical metamorphosis during the first Golf Canada – a member-based organization LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA ferred to the golf ball. two decades of life. governed by the Royal Canadian Golf Association (RCGA) 7 Biomechanical Model is a description of the neural, PGA of Canada is a membership based non- – is the governing body of golf in Canada, representing muscular, and/or bone dynamics that occur during profit organization representing over 3,000 club more than 350,000 members at 1,600 clubs across the movement. professionals and tournament professionals across country. Recognized by Sport Canada as the National Blocked Practice refers to a practice sequence in Canada. The Association was founded in 1911 Sport Organization (NSO) for golf in this country, Golf 8 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada best of your ability.your of best the to perform will you that confident are and event pending the on focused physically) and mentally (both totally are you which in readiness, mental of state or 20. of out times 17.5 95-2(10).- 75 of score a shoot to about reliable is This 95-2(GIR). = Score likely is round equation:a in GIR 10 hits who player Therefore,a the to correlated is perfor for mance. statistic player’sa that shows study MIT recent A score golf reliable most the are GIR’s GIR). a as count doesn’t fringe the on ball a (i.e. GIR a player’s ball must be on the green for a player to record hole.5 the par of a part on strokes Any three or two or one in 4, par a on strokes green two or one hole, 3 par a putting on stroke a onto ball his/her advances www.golfcanada.ca visit information, more For talents. their showcase to class world competitive opportunities for Canada’s provide top golfers championships amateur national and junior regional while world, the in golfers professional Canadian CN and Open Women’sbest the attract Open Canadian RBC The championships. golf prestigious brand.RCGA respected the and under rating status course and amateur handicapping Golf, of Rules the administers As the authority for golf in Canada, the association also Canada.in golf for leads association the initiatives the Links, Future CN Canada’s national junior golf program, are only and some of Tour Women’s Canadian CN Cure, the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame and Museum, the the Fore Golf Schools, in Golf athlete National development, performance High Canada. in golf of future and present the shape help to services and programs Canada.in golf of game the for passion a Canada is responsible for promoting participation in and nbe te player the enables Skills Processing Information Ideal Performance State is the self-created feeling, golfer a when occurs (GIR) Regulation in Greens most Canada’s conducts Canada Golf addition, In championships, conducts actively Canada Golf - precision of the strike becomes more critical. more becomes strike the of precision and accuracy as stages the through progresses one to as designed changes This score. golf specifically and/or skill feel, improve strike a in concentration skills. sport fundamental and skills motor mental that ‘stage’. of requirements suggested the to in is athlete the ‘stage’ the connects periodization context, LTPD the In improvement. tion competi- and training required the about bring to able - avail time the and priorities upon depending specific situation is Periodization sessions. and days, weeks, into components training the sequences Periodization performance. in improvements optimal about bring to schedule based scientifically and observationally and logical a into processes training of array complex the arranging for framework the provides that technique of the growth spurt. growth the of and athletes/players. developing for content evaluation programming activity appropriate potential of as indicators used be to changes growth of rates or cues’ ‘height for allows and growth of stages specific age at PHV. The rate of change in height varies through the called is growth of velocity maximum of age The spurt. growth adolescent the during stature in growth safety.sport and decision-making ethical in Canada. As part of the program, all coaches are trained official standard national for coach training and in certification both in offered Canada. is across languages recognized the is NCCP The and sports different 65 (NCCP) is a coach training and certification program for hand. at task the to relevant are which those and distractions are that external) or or stimuli between (internal information to differentiate is a practice sequence in which in sequence practice a is Practice Random full with engaged be to is Strike Ball Quality funda- of mastering the to refers Literacy Physical Periodization Onset of PHV (Peak Height Velocity) is the beginning Peakof Velocity Height rate maximum the is (PHV) Program Certification Coaching National The NCCP is a time management and planning and management time a is run by golfers for the benefit of golfers. of benefit the for golfers by run association not-for-profit a is It and 1894. territories since Mexico its US, the in golf of body governing stimulus.” training the to growth maturation and of stages different at individuals developing of Bouchard responsiveness “the as and trainability Malina defined (1991) accordingly. it to adapt and stimuli specific to individually respond they as athletes game and tool diagnostic motivator.improvement excellent an is Shot By be to aware of their skill levels coaches and performance trends. Shot their and players allows information This group. handicap target their versus games their of facets all of weaknesses and strengths relative the determine accurately to golfers enables It feedback. following instantaneous with golfers provides play.Shot By Shot website shotbyshot.com the onto logging performance.of indicators as putts) of # used when misleading be can and insight little provide and saves sand (fairways, greens-in-regulation, analysis statistics game Traditional advanced available. program and accurate most the is It program. analysis performance golf online based endurance. power,cardiovascular and stability core not limited to) such factors as balance, strength, flexibility, withoutfatigue or other limitations. Theyinclude (but are levelhigh a at golfplay abilityto contributethe that to competition. perform tasks and meet demands through training and to him/her enables which development, and maturity, interference. contextual high as to referred also is It task. single any of repetitions tive consecu- minimizing or order, avoiding particular thus no in tasks, different of number a perform individuals h Uie Sae Gl Ascain s the is Association Golf States United The USGA of endowment genetic the to refers Trainability by data performance course on their enter Golfers statistically- leading industry an is Shot by Shot Physiological Proficiencies are a set of physical skills growth, of level child’s the to refers Readiness backgroundBackground information on the LTPD This Long-Term Player n addition, it presents a system of qualified instruc- The Long-Term Player Development Guide For tion and coaching at all levels of participation within Golf in Canada is based on several principles, Development (LTPD) I the Canadian golf system that is completely aligned which include: and integrated. Furthermore, this guide should inspire • A ‘Made in Canada’ approach that recognizes inter- Guide for Golf in Canada all those involved in golf to question and challenge national best practices and research but clearly conventional thought in all areas from technical execu- understands the cultural, social and political factors presents a general tion to facility design, from equipment selection to that make Canada unique unto itself. competition structure, and from coaching education to • Supporting the four goals of the Canadian Sport framework for optimal rules and etiquette. Policy – Enhanced Participation, Enhanced The general theme of this guide draws heavily upon Excellence, Enhanced Capacity, and Enhanced golfer development the Canadian Sport for Life Long-Term Athlete Interaction. with special reference Development (LTAD) published in 2005 by the Canadian • Contributing to and promoting a healthy, physically Sport Center network and Sport Canada. This resource literate nation whose citizens participate in lifelong to growth, maturation paper was written on the basis of a comprehensive physical activity. review of coaching literature and sport science • Ensuring that optimal training, competition, and and development, research, the observation and experience of effective recovery programs are developed and made avail- sports programs within Canada and in other areas of able and accessible throughout a golfer’s career appropriate training, the world over the past 30 years. • The physical, mental, emotional, and cognitive Exercise and sport sciences research and experi- development of children and adolescents. and suitable ence has provided insight and information regarding • Establishing a "strong physical literacy" upon which the role of growth, development, and maturation in specialized sport excellence can be developed competition exposure. athletic development. These sciences include pediatric through community recreation, facility-based, and exercise science, exercise physiology, sport psychology, elite sport/club programs. psychomotor learning, sport sociology, biomechanics • Recognizing the need to involve all Canadians in the and nutrition. In addition, analyses of the literature on LTPD process, including athletes with a disability. organizational development have also contributed • Suggesting an understanding of an optimal compe- significantly. It should also be noted that the LTPD tition structure that is appropriate for the various process is an inclusive model that encourages all indi- stages of a golfer’s development. viduals to be involved in lifelong physical activity, as • Optimizing the involvement of all members of the LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA well as striving to ensure that all children, particularly sport including participants, parents, coaches, 9 those that have the capability and desire to become officials, specialist consultants, schools, golf clubs, truly elite, are given a solid foundation in physical, community recreation programs, provincial golf technical, tactical, and mental capacities upon which organizations, Golf Canada, the PGA of Canada, to build their performance abilities. municipalities, and all levels of government. 10 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada ONE TWO rvds n vriw f h rne f FUNdamental of literacy.physical underpin that movements range the of 61 overview page an on provides table The mastered. be must catching of skill simple softball,the netball,and handball, rugby example, to baseball,enjoy basketball, cricket, football, For sports. most in excelling difficulty have will a child skills, movement basic the Without throwing. and age.jumping, running, as such skills sports universal basic early include an and follow at should skills sports games FUNdamental and fun through duced years. statistics 20 to closer is number this golf for Tour that suggest PGA recent most an The making team. to Olympic introduction sport their from opment devel- talent of period 13-year to 12- a reported Most 1998. U.S. and 1984 of between competed development who Olympians the of view comprehensive of is by Pathsupported The To factor a Excellence,provides which level This sport. elite her his/ international within an competitiveness reach to athlete an for training of hours 10,000 or years 10 approximately 10 Key Factors Influencing LTPD Influencing Factors Key 10 Fundamental movements and skills should be intro- be should skills and movements Fundamental takes it that suggested has research Scientific The FUNdamentals: The The factors 10 -YearRule:

CATCHING CO-ORDINATION THROWING Further examples are provided on pages 60 and 61. and 60 pages on provided are examples Further The pictures on this page are some examples of examples some are page this on pictures The basic movement skills required in all sport. all in required skills movement basic AGILITY 10 Key Factors Influencing LTPDfactors Rate of change in height THREE Specialization: and Peak Height Velocity (PHV) PHV Sports can be classified as early or late specializa- 10 Males tion sports. Early specialization sports include artistic and acrobatic sports such as golf, gymnastics and 8 figure skating. These differ from late specialization Relatively stable Marked decrease growth rate sports in that very complex skills are learned before 6 in growth rate maturation since they cannot be fully mastered if taught after maturation. 4 Marked increase in growth rate Relative increase per year (cm) 2

FOUR Developmental 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Age: Age (years) Adapted from Tanner, 1978 and Kahn, 1999 This refers to the degree of physical, mental, cogni- Figure 1. tive and emotional maturity. Physical developmental Rate of change in height age can be determined by skeletal maturity or bone and Peak Height Velocity (PHV) age after which mental, cognitive and emotional matu- Figures 1 and 2 (right) 10 rity is incorporated. LTPD requires the identification of Females show the rate of change early, average and late maturers in order to help design PHV in height in boys and girls 8 appropriate training and competition programs in rela- through key growth period. tion to optimal trainability and readiness for the Relatively stable Marked decrease 6 growth rate in growth rate individual(s). The beginning of the growth spurt and the Photo (top right) peak of the growth spurt are very significant consider- illustrates the wide range 4 Marked increase ations in training and competition program design. In of physical difference in growth rate

this respect developmental age differs from chrono- between individuals Relative increase per year (cm) logical age, which refers to the number of years of same age. 2 elapsed since birth (refer to glossary of terms.) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Age (years) 11 Adapted from Tanner, 1978 and Kahn, 1999

Figure 2. factors 12 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada FIVE acter building. acter char and play fair ethics, on emphasis includes This considered.be must tive,development emotional and ical, technical and tactical training, the mental, cogni- phys- traditional to addition In development. athlete maturation. and growth of stages different at stimulus training the to individuals developing the organism. the of responsiveness the in as defined Trainabilitybeen has changes morphological functional and/or induces that stimulus of result a as body between difference significant.is the them in changes to refers Adaptation the however, coaching, in ably interchange- used often are “trainability” and tation” and Skill Speed, (Dick,1985).(Flexibility) Suppleness terms - “adap The Strength, (Endurance), Stamina SIX A major objective of LTPD is a holistic approach to approach holistic a LTPDis of objective major A are Performance and Trainingof S’s basic five The Cognitive and Emotional and Cognitive Influencing LTPD Influencing Factors Key 10 Physical,Mental, Development: Trainability:

- Figure 3. Figure Chronological Respective rate Developmental boys andgirls Chronological of growthfor Age Age Age younger FEMALES MALES Optimal 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20+ 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 PHY SPEED 1 SPEED SUPPLENESS SUPPLENESS SICAL, SPEED 1 W MENT indows of SKILLS SKILLS AL –COGNITIVE, DEVELOPMENT SPEED 2 ST P AMINA acificSport Tr ST ainability STRENGTH 1&2 PHV AMINA SPEED 2 PHV EMO AL AG TIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRENGTH (Balyi and E RA RA TE OFGRO TE OFGRO W ay 2005) WTH WTH 10 Key Factors Influencing LTPDfactors SEVEN Periodization: NINESystem Alignment Simply put, periodization is time management. As a and Integration: planning technique it provides a detailed plan for arranging the complex array of training factors into a LTPD can be a tool for motivating change towards logical and scientifically based schedule to bring about effective system organization, alignment and integration. optimal improvements in performance. It is an essen- It is important that all facets of the sport/golf community tial component in optimal sports programming and work together to implement the right programs, and athlete development at all levels. See appendices for establish a sport system that will produce optimal condi- sample of periodization plans. tions for training and competition. An example of system alignment would be the PGA of Canada, Golf Canada and the Coaching Association of Canada partnership, working EIGHTCalendar Planning hand in hand in the development of a leading edge coaching certification program. The future organization for Competition: of the sport system should include schools, sport facili- ties, and coaching organizations. Optimal competition calendar planning at all stages is critical to athlete development. At certain stages, development of sport skills during training takes TEN Continuous precedence over testing these skills through competi- tion. At later stages, the ability to compete becomes Improvement: the focus. Competition schedules should be selected by the coach and athlete based on the athlete’s devel- The concept of continuous improvement, which opmental needs. The LTPD design recommends a permeates LTPD, is drawn from the respected Japanese sport-specific system of training and competition that industrial philosophy known as Kaizen. Continuous is optimized for the abilities of athletes during the improvement ensures that LTPD responds and reacts various developmental stages. to new scientific and sport-specific innovations and observations and is subject to continuous research. Periodic updates and changes to the LTPD model will be performed at regular intervals in the future based DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA on feedback from athletes, coaches, parents, officials, 13 administrators, scientists, and other leaders in the sport community. Canadian Golf:LTPDCanadian 14 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada The Basis for a Vision Moving Forward Moving a Vision for Basis The a lifelong involvement in the game.the in involvement lifelong a enjoy to fold the into golfers recreational more bring also but world, the in players best the with compete can who golfers women and men young produce to continuing only not by list aforementioned the to add to be should goal ultimate the end, ToCanada. in that golf of game the in part take actively can participants and success for model come. to years for game the of sustainability a create to as well associations as coaches and teachers parents, athletes, empower to game the for love and resources vast its to Hill, Matt few. a name and Taylor Nick Baryla, Graham Chris Meldrum, DeLaet, Lisa Sharp, Alena Hearn, David Jocelyne and current of wave successful players,our which include Jon Mills, for models Coe-Jones role been all have Dawn Bourassa Sherk, Cathy Streit, Stewart Marlene Kane, Lorie Barr, Zokol, Richard Dave Ames, Stephen Weir, Mike Roxburgh, Doug Knudson, George Leonard, Stan Norman, Moe C It also clearly maps out the manner in which which in manner the out maps clearly also It of use make to Canada enable will LTPDGuide The successful golfers at both the amateur and and amateur of professional level. Players such as the Al Balding, both history at storied golfers and successful proud a has anada vision from which to work from moving forward. moving from work to which from framework critical a LTPDis the levels, all at world-class athletes producing in leader a as recognized be and stage world the on competitiveness its ensure to England, Scotland and Sweden have done.) For Canada what for appendices to (refer process model opment devel- athlete long-term the into entered have nations unified and results. better net will effort national a country, the across small pockets in success some achieved has approach this golfers.young developing to approach While disjointed the in ranks.professional and amateur both stage international the on performance in pation the game, but will lead ultimately to Canada’s partici- from away takes one experience the maximize only not will which levels all at game the growing to respect. this in world the in nation golfing leading the Report,Canada Survey 2006)andpercapita, Canadais Reid (Ipsos basis annual an on fiveCanadiansevery(onein tion playsrates gamethe participa- higher has Canada in sport other No nation? t s motn t rcgie ht te laig golf leading other that recognize to important is It and splintered a been has there years many too For approach systematic a is address to need we What golfing a as it for going have Canada does What of atcpto in Participation Golf “Logic will get you from A to B.to from A you get will “Logic will take you take will Imagination Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) – (1879 Einstein Albert German-American physicist German-American everywhere.” Several areas have been identified within the development of this guide and it is strongly recommended that actionvision be taken on the following: • Identification of Canada’s player pathway • Integrating golf into the curriculum within the – golf in Canada has lacked an effective system Canadian school system to introduce the game for developing our players and truly understanding to youngsters. the benchmarks necessary for developing players • Targeting non-traditional areas of exposing as they progress. This needs to be understood by youth to the game. all those working with players. • Actively supporting and nurturing existing • Understanding that golf is a family game and golf development programs that support the this will be the one way in which we can positively LTPD principles. affect the number of golfers introduced to the sport – initiatives that address this are needed. • Developing sources of funding for the LTPD and those programs that support the LTPD principles. • Equipment manufacturers and retailers actively promoting junior golf through various • Promoting golf as a healthy game that can be mediums and developing partnerships with other played for life by all Canadians. stakeholders to promote the game. • Increasing the importance of grassroots • Golf facility owners/developers must adapt their programs designed to bring as many people facilities and their attitudes to accommodate and as possible into the game – the bigger the base, provide access to children and beginners of the better our chances of finding more successful all ages within the LTPD guidelines and understand elite golfers. the critical elements of a facility that are necessary • Improving promotion of our existing, and for development as per the LTPD Guide. up-and-coming golf heroes to motivate young • Development of a national warm weather people to take up and excel at the game. training facility and educational institution. • Developing welcome programs for new/beginner • Developing sophisticated methods for tracking golfers to reduce the barriers to playing the our junior players so that in five years time we game and provide a more inviting and enjoyable have a much better idea of what is working. environment. • Creating “Enjoy” programs – we must look at our • Addressing the “gap” that exists when our top programming for our largest demographic of golfer. amateurs turn professional and when they achieve • Integrating NCCP coach education into PGA of success at the professional level. A stronger Canada certification model in all three identi- support system (inclusive of corporate Canada) fied phases of development – Community, needs to be created to support our upcoming talent. LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Instruction and Competition. Canadians believe in their hearts that this nation 15 • Optimizing the competitive structure for devel- can and should be among the best in the world oping players – looking at length of tournaments, when it comes to the sport of golf. The above items number of days, number of holes and how this and recommendations provide a clearly defined progresses as a player moves through the system. pathway to achieve what is a very realistic goal. 16 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada T 22 ilo, hg ices fo te 47 million2001.in place took survey last the 64.7when played rounds the from increase huge a million, 92.2 the that totaledgolfers)Canadian reveals (by played rounds of number Canada in market golf the assess annually.golf of rounds eight least golfers,” “core of which the population research firm defines as anyone who plays at the in rise a by driven largely being is rates participation overall in increase the example, an country.As the across right occurring An Integrated Golf Development System Development Golf Integrated An enjoy the game,it’sgame,the ultimately...” a enjoy my dad kept instilling in me was the joy joy the was me in instilling kept dad my and that’s a shame, you’re supposed to supposed shame,that’syou’re a and A lot of the times I see a lot of the kids,the of lot a see I times the of lot A A sampling of data from this independent effort to effort independent this from data of sampling A of the game. 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creation of an integrated golf development system, a system, development golf integrated an of creation the allow will This input. provide everyone that and Canada.of PGA the and associations golf provincial Canada, Golf including game the with affiliated organization every facilities, and practice outlets, retail golf and of manufacturers equipment owners owners, course golf coaches, and instructors golf players, the parents, – a take will stakeholders golf, primary of the all from effort coordinated of game the to children more and more introducing time same the at while teenagers, It is critical that everyone be aware of each other other each of aware be everyone that critical is It among particularly momentum, that Maintaining group include: group what they are responsible for. Traits or qualities of each has is of responsibilities aware and everyone everyone age, their ability. of of level or gender regardless golf, play who Canadians for pathway developmental a delivers that philosophy LTPDthe on based model a is guide The 21. and 20 pages on the appears which of of schematic a LTPDguide, basis the form each from contributions The development the play.should each in roles the outlines also but process, involved groups different the identifies clearly only not it that in country this for first Think of it as an integrated sporting family in which in family sporting integrated an as it of Think Parents • Understand that children will lose motivation if they • Understand how pressure and or stress affects feel that cannot match their parents’ expectations performance • Participate in sport with their children • Be flexible with their expectations; as children • Understand their mental performance strengths • Encourage participation of their children in two pass through different phases of development, and weaknesses to three other complementary sports – parents (and coaches) should modify their expec- • Know what mental management skills they need to refer to appendices tations as necessary integrate into their personal performance plan to be • Provide support and guidance and make their • Strive to get an accurate assessment of their able to control their emotions, focus on the task, involvement in golf fun children’s ability and cope with adversity under pressure • Be educated about golf and how one can progress • Since this is about the development of the child; it • Become self-reliant and demonstrate taking inde- through the sport is important that parental expectations of their pendent initiative in learning and developing their • Basic education on nutrition/recovery child’s skills, abilities and aspirations are in line skills and strategies • Long-term commitment to skill progression/perfor- with those of the child mance progression • Explore the child’s expectations, goals • Understand the ABC’s of athleticism: Coaches and Instructors and aspirations agility, balance, coordination and speed • Be educated • Understand the concept that increased activity • Have a thorough understanding of the Canadian golf reverses the current trends in childhood and adult Players industry’s LTPD obesity and cardiovascular disease • Enjoy the sport • Understand how and where they fit into the “system” • Understand the concept that inactive adults tend to • Become adept at the key physiological proficiencies: • In understanding their role, know what is produce inactive children and that the reverse is balance, flexibility, posture, core stability, strength required in order to best deliver the player to also true and power, cardio endurance and performance skills the next level LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 17 18 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada • Integrate the mental skills training process into player programs player into process training skills mental the Integrate • consistent,to critical are skills mental effective that • Accept levels all of golfers for available is what of understanding General • lectures and workshops attending by upgrade to Continue • level next the to get to required tools the of understanding Solid • excellence for and game the for passion a Have • • Make sure significant programming significant sure Make • (players,coaches,stakeholders to costs reduce to means Source • stakeholders,clubs,various the among discussion Facilitate • to player the deliver best to order in required is what Understand • back- the – support and information,expertise of source a BE • Associations Golf welcome and programs golf junior encourage and of aware Be • i.e.finances,structure mentoring, resources,support a Provide • competitor of level for play of condition appropriate Provide • access for point price appropriate Provide • facilities competition and training to access proper Provide • facilities competition and training proper Provide • best to order in required is what and role their Understand • Clubs/Facilities • Continue to place more emphasis emphasis more place to Continue • the in role their to comes it • When quality performances at all levels all at performances quality profession their and game the to relating facilities etc) facilities associations and administrators players,appropriate level next the golfers of development the in communications and information,contacts,personnel necessary the provide to bone programs entry other and Links Future CN as such programs etc. instruction,coaching levels different the to player the deliver the long-term growth of the sport the of growth long-term the ensure to programs recreational adult and development junior on best the be to system,strive role their support to place in is

Enter, Enjoy and Excel hese terms denote the overall descrip- tion of golf participation and in broad T terms categorize player involvement into the areas of beginning involvement and, or instruction (Entry), pursuing a performance- oriented and competition stream (Excel), and an all-encompassing category that captures the vast majority of golf participants who play “Golf is truly a humbling game. the game on any given day (Enjoy). Obviously, the ‘Enjoy’ term should also overlap and enve- It taught me you can never lope the aspects of ‘Entry’ and ‘Excel’ in a take anything for granted, perfect scenario. The essence of the Long-Term Player especially the next shot, Development Guide is to provide guidance to or whatever else life brings on.” players throughout their lives and at the same time introduce children to the skills and progres- Doug Silverberg, a member of the sions that will allow them to strive to become Canadian Golf Hall of Fame who has won high performance competitive players or recre- every major provincial championship ational participants who are active for life. The guide also allows those who have great aptitude in his home province of Alberta for golf to reach the highest levels in a sequential fashion supported by a productive system involving instructors, coaches, clubs, organiza- tions and facilities, as opposed to it happening strictly by chance. At the heart of the guide is a concept of continuous improvement and challenge for all, drawn from the respected Japanese industrial philosophy known as “­Kaizen.” This thinking suggests never-ending efforts for improvement DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 19 involving everyone in the organization – managers and workers alike. The same can happen in golf, except that it will be the individual and the golf community at large who will reap the benefits. Long-Term Player Developmentframe Framework work he overview diagram of the Long-Term Player the various skills and supporting aspects and putting agencies (e.g., gymnastics clubs, community soccer Development Guide for Golf in Canada, a hypo- them into practice in competition settings). Finally, groups, and elementary school physical education T thetical ‘ideal’ pathway, illustrates nine seam- the diagram recognizes that during the early stages, programs) may all contribute to a child’s physical lessly linked stages. The first two stages (Active Start non-traditional golf settings and other child activity and technical development. and FUNdamentals) encourage strong physical and Figure 4. movement skill development and general foundation that leads into the typical initiation of golf specific entry programs. The next three stages (Learn to Long-Term Player Development Play, Train to Play, and Learn to Compete) focus upon the sport specific aspects of golf and a gradual increase in the importance of competition play, as Excel ENJOYING GOLF FOR LIFE well as providing for a continued underlying general athleticism. The next stage (Train to Compete) Active for Life emphasizes a shift to a true high performance Train to Excel expectation with a strong attention to detail and a comprehensive evaluation and review process. The Train to Compete following stages (Train to Excel and Excel) mark the process of ascent to the highest levels of competi- Learn to Compete tive play. It should be noted that there is likely to be overlap in these latter stages reflecting individual Train to Play player differences and rates of progress. The last stage (Active for Life/Enjoying Golf for Life) is a stage Learn to Play that may actually be entered at anytime after a Other Sports player’s entry into golf and reflects, among other FUNdamentals things, an individual’s desire, competency, and personal pathway. This final stage emphasizes life- Active Start long participation and activity not only in golf, but in other healthy pursuits as well. It should be noted that the headings for the various stages imply the general Organized Sport Community Schools

Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada thrust or bias of the programming within each stage 20 (i.e., ‘Learn to Play’ refers to systematic program- Participant/Athlete ming aimed at establishing the key skill elements of the game of golf, whereas ‘Train to Compete’ refers Playground to Podium to a period of time where the focus is upon harnessing Figure 5. Long-Term Player Development Framework for Golf

This theme is then expanded upon in figure 5 to illustrate the Canadian golf community at large and the three overarching categories of involvement (Entry, Enjoy and Excel) while clearly showing the hypothetical long term route of involvement for a child starting his/her golf career before the age of 10 (Entry) and progressing over the next decade or more into the ‘Enjoy’ and potentially the ‘Excel’ streams. It should be noted that this is a theoretical journey that provides guidance to those (instructors, coaches, parents, etc.) who will influence the young golfer’s competencies and experi- ences along the way. Furthermore, it should be apparent that there is likely to be some degree of variation in the exact pathway that any given player adopts reflecting aspects such as individualization of ability, desire, and commitment.

Enter Enjoy Excel Golf’s Player Pathway Active for Life

Train to Excel/Excel Golf LTPD Learn/Train to Compete Stages of Learn/Train to Play Development Active Start / FUNdamentals

PGA of Canada Community Sport Competition Certification Instruction

Driving Range 6-hole Courses Member Clubs Quality Tournament Venues Facilities 9-hole Courses Executive Courses Training Alternate Golf Facilities DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 21 Competition Skill Competition Club, Regional, Private Tours Provincial, Golf Canada, National Stages of development of Stages 22 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada that are suggested at each level. each at suggested are that indicators performance and objectives key the of summary a with age,together developmental and chronological of importance relative the and stage each for question in groups age the of overview an provide sections following The focus. competitive highly a pursuing not those for element Life’ for the ‘Active addressing as well as FUNdamentals), of years early and Start Active (the children young very with dealingthose for direction general provides document the addition, In evaluation. and ming - program appropriate ability and age of notion the core, its at retains yet level, highest the at game the of demands and reality the reflects that focus golf-specific a with LTPDbut Guide, generic Canada’s Sport with keeping in linked T number of stages that are seamlessly seamlessly are that stages of number a utilizes Canada in Golf for Guide he Long-Term Player Development Development Player Long-Term stages

Active Start & FUNdamentals Stages of Development Objectives: Active Start: Ages 0 to 6 years (males & females) Learn fundamental movements and link them FUNdamentals: Ages 6 to 9 years (males), 6 to 8 years (females) together into play. Learn all fundamental movement skills and Without the basic movement skills, a child will have for example – to ensure that all children have access build overall motor skills. difficulty participating in any sport. For example, to enjoy to the equipment they need in order to be active. baseball, basketball, football, handball, rugby and soft- Skill development in the FUNdamentals stage should ball, the simple skill of catching must be mastered. be well structured, positive and FUN! The first window However, it is certainly not wise for parents to place their of accelerated adaptation occurs at ages 6 to 8 for girls three or four-year-old into a sport exclusive golf program, and 7 to 9 for boys. Bypassing the specialized skill for example. They should be exposed to many activities development in the FUNdamentals stage is detrimental such as learning to swim or run or kick a ball. In other to the child’s future engagement in physical activity words, develop the basic tools first, so when a child and sport. comes face-to-face with a golf program, he or she is well If children later decide to leave the competitive equipped to optimize his or her experience (refer to page stream, the skills they acquire during the 10 from 10 key factors that would support this concept). FUNdamentals stage will benefit them when they Physical activity is essential for healthy child devel- engage in recreational activities, enhancing their opment. Among its other benefits, physical activity: quality of life and health. • enhances development of brain function, coordina- Key concepts of the game that would be introduced tion, social skills, gross motor skills, emotions, include Grip: (holding the club with two hands close leadership and imagination. together), Stance: (standing with their feet either side of • helps children to build confidence and positive the ball), Balance: (finishing in balance when swinging self-esteem. the club), and Swing: (arms swing back up and then • helps to build strong bones and muscles, improves swing through to a finish, copying, imitating and doing). flexibility, develops good posture and balance, improves fitness, reduces stress and improves sleep. Benchmarks: • promotes healthy weight. Skill Set: Future Links Level 1: Putting, chipping, full swing. • helps children learn to move skillfully and enjoy Key Concepts Introduced: Start position, grip, posture, ball position, stroke. being active. Equipment: Basic junior specific set with 3, 5 or 6 clubs Physical activity should be fun and a part of the child’s (i.e. fairway wood, mid iron, lofted iron and a putter daily life, not something forced upon him/her. Active play would make an ideal set). is the way young children are physically active. Practice: One to three sessions per week.

Organized physical activity and active play are Minimum 60 to 180 ball strikes (full swing) per week. DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA particularly important for the healthy development of Drills, fun games 200 to 400 putts a week. 23 children with a disability if they are to acquire habits of Play: One to three holes a week of modified golf over a minimum of five weeks. lifelong activity. Because this is a period when children Courses: Practice facilities, Par-3 and/or Pitch and Putt with a variety of greens. rapidly outgrow their mobility aids, communities need Golf Knowledge: Introduction to the etiquette and safety issues involved with the game. to find effective ways – equipment swaps or rentals, change in height cue to be utilized for guide to appropriate programming. appropriate to guide for utilized be to cue height in change phase,of end towards (females); years 11 to (males),8 years 12 to 9 Ages Play to Learn 24 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada • Encourage unstructured play.unstructured Encourage • cent per 30 to training cent per 70 of ratio a • Apply in differences address to competition Structuring • activi- specific using by speed developing Further • exercises. through flexibility developing Further • games through endurance developing Further • or exercises bounding and hopping Introducing • incorpo - that exercises using strength Developing • and skills movement fundamental all Developing • include: goals The development. athletic all of stones corner to the are that ready skills sports general the developmentally acquire are children stage, this 12.and At 9 of ages the between is children for ment on winning.on solely focus who those than long-term and short- the both in competition for prepared better be will preparation of type needs.this undertaking Athletes specific individual to according vary percentages training.competition-specific and These tition compe- includes ratio cent competition.per 30 The abilities. and age training warm-up. the during direction of agility,change on and focus quickness that ties relays. and development. strength in aid gradients,to up wheeling routines,or balls. Swiss and balls cine medi- as well as weight body child’s the own rate skills.sport overall general teaching One of the most important periods of motor develop- - and pace of play at this age. this at play of pace and rules and etiquette golf woods, with swing full irons, with swing full play, on sand pitching, chipping, instruction putting, basic involves 1996, in inception its since girls and boys 950,000 than more involved has ibility,power.and posture,strength flex- balance, optimum achieve to how as such nents compo- technical other and basics swing teaching on placed is emphasis where and begins programming As an example,an As program,Links Future CN the which golf recognizable the where time the also is This club at impact,vs.loft,carry). roll at club marks), pitch score), and body), the aligning and clubface the (aiming Alignment: Stance: include duced player/athlete to reach full potential. full reach to player/athlete young the of ability the compromising lost, is appendices). opportunity of to window significant a Otherwise, (refer skills sports overall fundamental movement skills, and teach general golf skills, movement fundamental all Develop Objectives: of the game that would be intro- be would that game the of concepts Key wee o tn, ue, bunkers, quiet, stand, to (where Etiquette: ruie r rcdr fr ah shot), each for procedure or (routine hw o ep ah others each keep to (how Scoring: (angle of of (angle Chipping/Pitching/Putting: (effective and functioning grip),functioning and (effective Grip: Benchmarks: Stages of Development Practice: Golf is a core summer sport. More specific or specialized instruction/coaching. Age appropriate (instructor surpervised) 1 1/2 hour. Blocked 80 per cent – 4 to 12 hours using a distributed and varied concept. Distributed (short time frame) vs. Mass (long time frame.) Varied – same skill but different activities. Random 20 per cent – 1 to 3 hours five to 15 hours of golf specific practice per week. 150 to 450 ball strikes – full swing. 150 to 450 ball strikes – chipping. 150 to 450 ball strikes – putting. Play three to nine holes a week of modified golf age/development appropriate. Amount: Minimum six weeks. Competition: Match play not recommended at this stage. Integrate skill testing into competition. Five to 10 events per year • Skills tests. • 9-hole events – one to five. • 18-hole events – three to five. • 36-hole events – one. Total 99 to 171 holes of competition. Total quality ball strikes (practice and competition) approximately = 550 to 1,650. Equipment: A basic junior set involving three to 14 clubs (i.e. driver, fairway wood – 5, 7, 9, pitching wedge, sand wedge and a putter would be an ideal minimum) Cutdown adult clubs and adult clubs are not recommended. Golf Course: Minimum 1,000 yards – 9-hole course – par 3 layout. Length: 4,500 to 5,700 yards (18-hole course) for males; 3,000 to 5,000 yards (18-hole course) for females. Activities: Basic athlete movements are encouraged by participation in a minimum of two other physical sports (refer to appendices.) Competition: Chipping and putting contests that have both internal and external means of evaluation, club matches, inter-club matches, regional competitions for continued improvement. Golf Knowledge: General knowledge of the etiquette and rules of the game.

“Example is the most potent of all things.” DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), 25 26th President of the United States Programming dependent upon change in height cue (Peak Height Velocity).(Peak cue height in change upon dependent Programming (females). years 15 to 11 (males); years 16 to 12 Ages TrainPlay to 26 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada and 44 for further details on each). on details further for 44 and 43 pagesenvironmental factors.See andlifestyle tion, (nutri- skills performance and endurance cardiovascular flexibility, power,stability,and and strength strength balance,core posture, proficiencies: physiological key includessevenhealth,whichconditioning physicaland abilities,ical emphasisthegeneralplacedshould onbe position this in remains impact.) through and address at clubhead occur.)should side the chosen club and desired shot trajectory) shot desired and club chosen the given sternumplayer’s the to relation in appropriately the shaft, ball positioned forward of centre, handle handle centre, of impact.) at forward slightly forward positioned ball shaft, the down thumbsboth impact,with gripat targetintended include: mechanics. stable and competency skill basic good as such factors to due – competitively golf playing of ways– good and bad) an individual who has aspirations duringthatthisstage, heavilycan influencewe both(in note to important is It begins. really development skill athleticpreparationsport-specificwhen becauseisthis of stages important most the of one is phase Play To swing.Trainfullputting,The chipping,the pitchingand revolvearound set up would(grip, posture, alignment 15and ball position), to 11 females and 16 to 12 males In terms of skill acquisition and development of phys- of development and acquisition skill of terms In of forward set is handle (The club: of Handle egt transfer: Weight Ball position for all swings: all for position Ball to square face putter ball, the over (Eyes Putting: introduced be would that game the of concepts Key for skills technical the years, two Fast-forwarding (Complete transfer to the forward forward the to transfer (Complete (The ball is positioned is ball (The Benchmarks:

competition): and (practice Totalstrikes ball quality competition: of Level

Canada Golf Handicap Factor Handicap Golf knowledge: Golf Competition: Golf course: Golf Equipment: Practice:

® :

Male average handicap is 16 – top 10 per cent = 2.3 = cent per 10 top – 16 is handicap average Male Seven to nine months of training/competitive periodized program. periodized training/competitive of months nine to Seven • 10 hours of practice of hours •10 Female average handicap is 21– top 10 per cent = 2.6 = cent per 10 top 21– is handicap Femaleaverage Five to seven months of outdoor play.outdoor of months seven to Five One to two hours – target. – hours two to One Rough: 1 to 2 inches. Green speeds: variety. Set-up: Easy to moderate. Slope rating: 115 to 120. Course rating: males 69+; females 71+ Length: males 5,600 to 6,600 yards; females 5,200 to 6,000 yards. 6,000 to 5,200 females yards; 6,600 to 5,600 Length:males 20 to 40 hours per week.per hours 40 to 20 Two to three hours – technique/skill. – Twohours three to in their golf bag. Etiquette significant factor as players begin to play with adults. with play to begin players as factor significant bag.Etiquette golf their in Understands Rules of Golf and knowledge of how far they generally hit all clubs all hit generally they far how of knowledge and Golf of Rules Understands 20 hour example: hour 20 Full set of clubs. of set Full • Two rounds of golf (10 hours) = hours) (10 • Twogolf of rounds 10 to 20 events per year: per events 20 to 10 • 9-hole events – 1 to 2. to 1 – events 9-hole • • 18-hole events – 5 to 12. to 5 – events 18-hole • • 36-hole events – 2 to 3. to 2 – events 36-hole • • 54-hole events – 1 to 2. to 1 – events 54-hole • Total 225 to 450 holes of competition. of holes Total450 to 225 Learning to play with adults / field play.field / adults with play to Learning 1,100 to 2,200 per week. per 2,200 to 1,100 Junior interclub play.interclub Junior Junior Regional / mini tours. mini / Regional Junior Junior Provincial Championships. Provincial Junior Golf Canada National Championships (high performers.) (high Championships National Canada Golf • Random 20 per cent – 2 hours. 2 – cent per 20 Random • activities. different but skill same – Varied frame.) time (long vs.Mass frame) time (short Distributed concept.varied and distributed a using hours 8 – cent per 80 Blocked • experiences. competitive on build and set skill the Optimize mental and physical competition. of the challenges with cope to Learn Objectives: 1 / 2 hour warm up, 4 hour round,hour up, 4 warm hour 1 / 2 hour warm down. warm hour

Stages of Development

During this stage, we can heavily influence (in both ways – good and bad) an LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA individual who has aspirations 27 of playing golf competitively. Programming dependent upon change in height cues. height in change upon dependent Programming (females); years 17 to (males),15 years 18 to 16 Ages Compete to Learn 28 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada • Change the training-to-competition and competi- and training-to-competition the Change • the as periodization triple and single,double Utilize • tailor,degree,fitness Individually greater • a to preparation optimum on emphasis special Place • performing at proficient • Teach now are golfers,who year-round,Provide intensity,• high event individual To-DoCompete to List Learn date. later a at they may step away from it's central course and return pathway,however,the follow they do.As to want they this what decide and stage,choices make to start will they through Moving different conditions. in and competencies circumstances technical their test first to order In counts. must success,golfers future of it likelihood the increase when execution about all is emphasis the where phase this in fruition to come will tion-specific training. tion-specific competi- and competition to training of cent per 60 fitness,and improving and skills tactical and nical tech- of development the to time available of cent per 40 40:60.Devote to ratio training tion-specific preparation. of framework optimal weaknesses. and strengths golfer’seach addresses that preparation individual development.Emphasize technical and preparation programs,psychological programs, recovery training. in competitions high by ‘modeling’ training. during conditions competitive of variety a under skills those perform skills,to specific sport and basic training. position-specific golf and stages earlier in learned been has that Everything Benchmarks:

Canada Golf week. per 2,650 to 1,640 competition): and (practice Totalstrikes ball quality

Handicap Factor Handicap Competition level: Competition Golf knowledge: Golf Competition: Golf course: Golf Equipment: Practice: ® :

Some international events – (high performers.) (high – events international Some Championships. National Canada Golf Championships. Links Future Championships,CN Golf Association Provincial Junior Junior Tour.Leaf Maple Junior Golf ToursAssociation,Junior Regional, Canadian – competition. of holes Total1,116 to 666 year: per events 25 to 15 equipment. fit custom Full technique. hours eight to Four target. Twohours four to Some adult competition – club championships, inter club.championships,clubinter – competition adult Some Re-calibrate club distances 3 times a year.a times 3 distances club Re-calibrate charting. course books/ yardage of Introduction 130. to 120 Slope 73. females 71; males – Rating Course yards. 6,000 to 5,600 females yards; 7,000 to 6,500 males – Length 0.8 = cent per 10 top – 16 is handicap Femaleaverage Example: 40 hours practice per week. per practice hours Example:40 training. of hours Total50 to 30 week. per rounds Two18-hole four to Six to eight months outdoor play / 2 months indoor learning. indoor months 2 / play outdoor months eight to Six

• 72-hole events – 3 to 5. to 3 – events 72-hole • 7. to 4 – events 54-hole • 8. to 5 – events 36-hole • 5. to 3 – events 18-hole • cent. per 50 – game Long • cent. per 50 – Game Short • refine, automatic – hours 7.5+/- – % 30 Block • play, create situations. – visualize hours 17+/- – 70% Random • Male average handicap is 11 – top 10 per cent = 0.1 = cent per 10 top – 11 is handicap average Male • 25 hours practice (4 practice hours 25 • playing. hours 15 • Varied – same skill but different activities. different but skill same – Varied frame.) time (long Mass vs frame) time (short Distributed concept.varied and distributed a using 1 / as well as overall performance. overall as well as skills specific and preparation fitness Optimize compete. to Learn Objectives: 2 hours per day – 6 days.) 6 – day per hours Stages of Development

Key concepts of the game that would be introduced include Pitching: (shot selection, stance balanced, tempo), Chipping: (loft of club, stance, ball posi- tion, grip), Bunkers: (face angle, stance, ball position, spin vs. roll) and Sloping Lies: (uphill, downhill, side-hill, ball posi- tion, body angle, balance, tempo.)

... execution when it counts LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 29 Ages 18 to 23+ years (males), 17 to 23+ years (females) years 23+ to (males),17 years 23+ to 18 Ages TrainCompete to 30 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada • Updating, reviewing and understanding the impor the understanding and Updating,reviewing • overall about bring to training strength Maximize • competi- and training-to-competition the Change • the as periodization triple and single,double Utilize • tailor,degree,fitness Individually greater • a to by preparation optimum on emphasis special Place • performing at proficient now are who • Teach golfers, year-round,Provide intensity,• high event, individual TrainTo-DoCompete to List: training.tition-specific compe- and competition to devoted is cent per 50 and of technical and tactical skills and fitness improvement, of 50 per cent of training is devoted to the development individual and golf-specific training year round. Upwards • Recognize and plan for appropriate level of competition. of level appropriate for plan and Recognize • improvement. training. competition-specific and comptetion to time available of percent 60 Devote training.improving and skills tactical and nical tech- of development the to time available of cent per 40 40:60.Devote to ratio training tion-specific preparation. of framework optimal weaknesses.and strengths golfer’seach addresses that preparation vidual indi- development.Emphasize technical and ration prepa- programs,psychological programs, recovery competition. high ‘modeling’ training. during conditions competitive of variety a under skills these perform to skills golf-specific and basic training. position-specific and intensity high provide to is stage this in goal The tance of performance and personal goal setting.goal personal and performance of tance - ue include duced tion,legs,” “quiet position,grip.) ball selec- (club bunkers: Fairway selection. club tion, shots: (punchshots, shots, low highshots, ballposi- angle), clubface alignment, body position, Have well-developed information processing skills. processing information well-developed Have preparation. fitness Optimize set. skill golf-specific overall Optimize Objectives: - intro be would that game the of concepts Key sae shots: Escape fds das ball draws, (fades, Trouble Benchmarks: Stages of Development Practice: Extensive outdoor play. Three to four 18-hole rounds per week. 16 to 25 hours of practice per week. Example – 20 hours of practice. The goal in this stage is Random 70 per cent – 14 hours. to provide high-intensity Blocked 30 per cent – 6 hours using a distributed and varied concept. individual and Distributed (short time frame) vs. Mass (long time frame) Varied – same skill but different activities golf-specific training Short game 70 per cent Random = 10 hours Block = 4 hours. the year round. Long game 30 per cent Random = 4 hours Block = 2 hours. Total 31 to 45 hours of training. Weaknesses should be assessed during Shot by Shot and worked upon 70 per cent of all practice time. Equipment: 100 per cent custom-fitted equipment – balls and accessories. Optimized through scientific testing. Competition: 15 to 30 events per year. • 36-hole events – 4 to 5. • 54-hole events – 6 to 15. • 72-hole events – 5 to 10. Total 828 to 1,710 holes of competition. Total quality ball strikes (practice and competition): 1,740 to 2,650 per week. Competition level: Provincial Amateur Championships. Golf Canada National Amateur Championship. University and major amateur events. International amateur events. World Amateur Team Championships. Some pro events. Greens in regulation: 11 Golf Canada Handicap Factor®: Males 0 to +1; Females 1 to 0. Ball speed (mph): Male 155; females 125 Golf course: Length – males 6,500 to 7,200 yards; females 5,900 to 6,400 yards. Course Rating – male 71; female 73. Slope 120 to 130. DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Golf knowledge: Consistent use of yardage book. 31 Re-calibrate club distances 4 times a year / introduction to the use of a caddy / course mapping / course management / match equipment to golf course / travel/ climate/ time zones/ nutrition/food Ages 23 to 29 years (male), 23 to 28 years (female) years 28 to (male),23 years 29 to 23 Ages TrainExcel to 32 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada • Continue• with the critical evaluation program in their about decisions make to golfers • Allow ensure to setting goal in sensitive be to Instructor • 25:75 to ratio training-to-competition the Change • competitions. major for • Trainpeak to golfers training performance. of optimization of the on in zero to continues focus The established. firmly now are ties - capaci ancillary and mental tactical,technical,physical, golferprepared forcompetition a and howheor she whichcoach and player thoroughly examine howthe regimen. training met. and established are goals common that activities. tion-specific competi- including percentage competition the with TrainTo-DoExcel to List: Thisisthe final stage ofpreparation. Allofthe golfer’s lies, left handed, one handed.) handed,lies,one left buried clubface, the (use game: shots/short Trouble swing) target), intended each to body align club throughout (aim Alignment: transfer weight swings, impact), to takeaway plane) two or one plane cleared, swing hips position Impact swing:( • Utilize single, double and triple periodization as the as periodization triple and single,double Utilize • fitness physical and testing state-of-the-art Use • • Ensure• that physical training programs employ the that would be introduced includeintroduced be would that concepts Key preparation of framework optimal programs. injuries. minimize to order in mation most advanced techniques and sport science infor science sport and techniques advanced most played. event each after fared.occur cycle would The sm tmo ih ah club, each with tempo (same Tempo: (full swing and partial and swing (full Balance: Full - specific skills and optimize fitness. optimize and skills specific golf one’s of improvement continual be for Strive to needed and set future. and excellence present the in perform and successful skill of every in degree knowledge high a Achieve level. professional or amateur the at targets pre-established of Achievement Objectives:

Stages of Development

Benchmarks: Practice: Training 40+ weeks per year. Competition level: Provincial Championship. Three to four 18-hole rounds per week. Golf Canada National Championship. Skill retention / refined practice and simulated play practice. University and major amateur event. 20 to 30 hours of practice per week. International amateur. Practice sessions are 4 to 6 hours in length. World Amateur Team Championships. • Blocked 40 per cent using a distributed and varied concept Pro – Cdn Tour, Regional Tours, Mini Tours, Q schools Distributed (short time frame) vs. Mass (long time frame) Nationwide, Other international, Symetra Tour, Varied – same skill but different activities other women’s events. • Random 60 per cent. Short game vs. long game should be 70/30. Greens in regulation: 12 / 18 holes – average. Total 35 to 50 hours training per week. Golf Canada ® Practice week (sample) Handicap Factor : Males 1 to +3; females 1 to +2. • Mon. to Fri. – 8 hours per day. Ball speed (mph): Males 160; females 130. • 3 18-hole rounds – i.e. Mon., Tues. and Thurs. Rankings: Males Top 10 Golf Canada OOM; • Sat. – 18-hole round. females Top 8 Golf Canada OOM. • Sun. – off. Top 500 Men’s World Golf Rankings. • 25 hours practice plus 15 hours playing. Top 200 on the Women’s World Ranking. • 50 per cent Blocked (12.5 hours) 50 per cent Random (12.5 hours.) Top 25 Canadian Tour – Men. Competition week (sample) Top 25 Women’s Futures Tour. • Mon. – 4 to 6 hours range 50 per cent blocked 50 per cent random, Golf course: Length – males 6,900 to 7,400 yards. (50 per cent long and short game.) female 6,200 to 6,500 yards. • Tues. – play 18-hole round and 4 hours situational on course Course rating: Males 75; females 72. and weaknesses. Slope: 130+ • Wed. – play 18-hole round and 4 hours situational on course Golf knowledge: Professional use of caddy / post round analysis stats / and weaknesses. • Thurs. – 1 hour + play (18-hole round) + 1 hour. media training/ business planning. • Fri. – 1 hour + play + 1 hour. • Sat. – 1 hour + play + 1 hour. • Sun. – 1 hour + play + 1 hour. Equipment: 100 per cent custom-fitted equipment – balls and accessories. Optimized through scientific testing. Competition: 25 to 40 events per year: • 36-hole events – 2 to 5. • 54-hole events –3 to 5. DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA • 72-hole events – 20 to 30. 33 Total 1,674 to 2,610 holes of competition. Total quality ball strikes (practice and competition): 2,100 to 3,100 per week. Excel Age 23+ years (male), 23+ years (female) years (male),23+ years 23+ Age 34 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada • Detailed physiological and biomechanical testing (three (three testing biomechanical and physiological Detailed • planning travel and management financial Introduce • deal to how on knowledgeable be and of aware Be • golf that so fitness of level enough high a Maintain • To-DoExcel List: international stage as a high-ranked amateur or or TourLPGA Tour.the or amateur high-ranked PGA Tour,the on professional a a as competes European as stage international to four times a year) to optimize physical performance. physical optimize to year) a times four to mix. the into practices fatigue.mental and physical with injury.or fatigue of risk the without played be can The golfer achieves success on both the national and • Set objectives of very high standards of accom- of standards high very of objectives Set • in program evaluation critical the with Continue • competi- of type the to comes it when selective Be • plishments in competitions. in plishments played.event each after occur would cycle fared. The she or he how and competition a for prepared golfer the how examine thoroughly player and coach which entered. tions up, swing path). up, swing position),(Predominant flight, left to right or right to left, body set body position, loft), spin, flight: angle, (shaft bunkers: Greenside include the as periodization triple and single,double Utilize • Set and meet specific and realistic individual goals. individual realistic and specific meet and Set level. professional or amateur the either at player elite an Become Objectives: Key concepts would of be the introduced game that preparation. of framework optimal (manipulate the ball to desired target, club face target,club desired to ball the (manipulate Ipc psto, wn plane) swing position, (Impact swing: Full Ball flight pattern: pattern: flight Ball Ball Stages of Development

Benchmarks:

Practice: Training 40+ weeks per year. Greens in regulation: 12 / 18 holes – average. Two to three 18-hole rounds per week. Golf course: Length – males 7,000 to 7,500 yards. 24 to 30 hours practice per week. female 6,300 to 6,500 yards. Skill retention / refined practice and simulated play practice. Course rating: Males 75; females 72. Practice sessions are 4 to 6 hours in length. Slope: 135+. • Block 20 per cent using a distributed and varied concept. Golf knowledge: Professional use of caddy / post round analysis stats. Distributed (short time frame) vs. Mass (long time frame) Equipment/accessories: 100 per cent custom-fitted balls, equipment and Varied – same skill but different activities accessories optimized through scientific testing. • Random 80 per cent. Ball speed (mph): Males 165; females 135. Short game vs. long game should be 70/30. Golf Canada Total 34 to 45 hours training per week. Handicap Factor®: Males +3; females +5. Practice week • 4 to 6 hour sessions. • 4 to 6 days per week. • 45 holes +. Competition week • 2 to 4 hour sessions. • 3 to 6 days per week. • 54 to 108 holes. Competition: 25 to 35 events per year: • 36-hole events – 2 to 4. • 54-hole events –3 to 4. • 72-hole events – 20 to 27. Total 1,674 to 2,304 holes of competition. Total quality ball strikes (practice and competition): 2,360 to 3,000 per week. Competition level: Provincial amateur championship. Golf Canada national amateur championship. Major amateur events. International amateur. World Amateur Team Championships. LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Pro – Cdn Tour, Regional Tours, Mini Tours, Q schools. 35 Nationwide, Other international, Symetra Tour, other women’s events. PGA Tour, European Tour or the LPGA Tour. ENJOY: 36 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada Active for Life for Active (entry may occur at any age) any at occur may (entry according to Sports Canada, is a smooth transition transition smooth a is Canada, Sports to according handicap. their or age their of regardless country, this across soon-to-be golfers and golfers ultimately and instructors owners, course golf means for opportunity that huge a and is Canadian there – 50 of of age cent the per over are 35 golfers almost – date,” before skiing, “best no Unlike is there lacrosse, club.or baseball bobsledding, a swung never has but play, grade in child young school or a retired school principal who would like to a be that whether outdoors, enjoy to everyone for practiceavailable is other game The and areas. ranges driving have cent per 83 country,which this of across facilities golf 2,200 than more at game the playing Canadians five in one have wouldn’t we was, it If cat. a of reflexes the with n h aoemnind prs te objective, the sports, above-mentioned the In those or strong the elite, the for just not is Golf for everyone to enjoy outdoors,enjoy to everyone for whether that be a young child young a be that whether at golf camp during summer during camp golf at but has never swung a club.a swung never has but or a retired school principal school retired a or who would like to play,to like would who The game is available available is game The in grade school grade in

activity in a social setting.social a in activity for passion a shared that “communities” existing and partnerships utilizing reasons of number a for be to came club structures innovative in 19 counties. These example, for Union, currently has Putt 125 clubs with and roughly 12,000 members, Pitch Amateur Irish Ireland. The in and Isles British the in venue a popular facility,pitch-and-putt a on place take can It course. golf yard 6,400 a on occur to need not does certainly game. the up taking are women more why for trigger leading the is activity physical that findings company of friends and the companions. This supports the in setting beautiful a in time, of period this over calories 2,000 of range the in expending are golfers that shown have holes 18 over expenditures caloric on done studies Recent strength. and flexibility tion, The enormous. coordina- balance, requires are also itself swing physical generated are that forces the 40 to 50 maximal explosive efforts when and swinging fit. physically staying while mentally, themselves challenge to individuals allows it that in opportunity fantastic a presents golf an of cured. be game to The needs of that epidemic obesity midst the in currently is Canada that fact the given relevant particularly is which activity, lifelong a be can golf Fortunately, canoeing.” discovers player basketball 12-year-old the or sprinter bobsledding, the up skier,takes aerial an becomes gymnast the example, “For states. another,” it move to sport to one from athletes encourage should systems lifelong sport to career “Canada’s sport. in participation and activity competitive physical athlete’s an from The walking and the exercise in the great outdoors outdoors great the in exercise the and walking The from anywhere takes golfer typical a that Consider Stages of Development

The following are some examples of where these • Courses set -up on spare ground adjacent to foot- These facilities are developed by demand. In Canada, clubs have been developed: ball/rugby/Gaelic Athletic Association pitches the "baby boomers" are aging (golfers age 55+ will be • Factories building a facility within their premises • Courses set -up within hospitals as a recreational the largest segment for growth in golf – Ipsos Reid). • Sports and social sections of companies founding facility for patients and staff Shorter course facilities as described above will be a a course • Courses within army complexes legitimate alternative for this segment.

“When you play golf, just play golf. Here’s you, here’s the ball, there’s the target. Go to it. Hit the ball to the target as best you can. Find the ball and do it again. Experience, adjust, experience, adjust....The golf course is made for playing a game! So go there and play golf.” LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 37 Noted golf coach Chuck Hogan Instructor and Coaching Program instructorFigure 6. Golf – Coach Development Model (CDM) CommunityCommunity SportSport StreamStream InstructionInstruction StreamStream CompetitionCompetition StreamStream

INSTRUCTOR COACH Advanced Golfers Context Elite Competitor Context

INSTRUCTOR COMMUNITY SPORT CONTEXT Intermediate Golfers Context COACH “Future Links Leaders” High Performance Competitor Context Available to PGA of Canada members and non-PGA of INSTRUCTOR Canada members. Beginners Golfers Context Participation in this training allows individuals to deliver A certified Instructor is a PGA of Canada member who has been COACH Future Links Learn to Play – Development Competitor Context Level 1 to 3 only. trained and successfully evaluated in Beginners and Intermdiate contexts. Following certification, the member may continue in the instruction stream or move into the competitive stream. COACH PGA of Canada members can New Competitor Context access the Instruction and Competition Streams. Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 38 PGA of Non-PGA of Canada PGA of Canada ONLY Canada CERTIFIED INSTRUCTORS ONLY Instructor and Coaching Program Instructor and Coaching Program The sport of golf has adopted a increases as the player moves from the Instructor Beginner Golfers context through the Instructor Summary: context approach to its coaching Intermediate Golfers context up to the Instructor development in order to best serve Advanced Golfers context. The instructors will be the participants in each area of the trained in each context to enable them to best serve The CDM for golf endeavors to accommodate all the player and their needs as they follow the natural Long-Term Player Development progression. Instructors will only be certified in their levels of participants and athletes regardless of what Guide (LTPD). specific context once they have completed the work- This approach ensures that the shop training and passed the respective evaluation stage of development they may find themselves. All process as set down in each context. The player and coaches working with athletes in golf consumer will now be able to discern which type instructors and coaches will undergo rigorous training a particular context are trained of certified instructor is best suited for their individual specifically in the areas where needs in the area of skill instruction. that is entirely specific to the type of participant or The Competition Stream is open to PGA of Canada these participants require expertise. members only. This stream is aimed at any individual athlete they wish to work with. In this way athletes, The CDM is broken down into three distinct athlete looking to learn the skills required in order to parents, instructors, coaches and associations will streams: compete in the game of golf. The emphasis is on the 1. Community Sport coaches being able to instruct in each context the skills know the defined pathway for training and certification 2. Instruction required by the athlete. The skill sets and degree of 3. Competition proficiency increases as the athlete moves from the Coach New Competitor context through the Coach of golf instructors and coaches. The natural result is The Community Sport Stream is an area where Development context up to the Coach High Performance that athletes will benefit from the best available participants are simply being initiated to the game and context and on to the Coach Elite context. The coaches is aimed at young participants ranging from six to 12 will be trained in each context to enable them to best instruction and coaching which in turn will enable the years of age. This grass roots level of coaching will be serve the athlete and their needs as they follow the open to individuals who are not members of the PGA of natural progression. Coaches will only be certified in athlete to achieve their goals. This will produce more Canada and they must complete a one day workshop, their specific context once they have completed the eight hours in length that will end with them being workshop training and passed the respective evalua- recreational participants as they will now have easier trained Future Links Leaders capable of delivering the tion process as set down in each context. The athlete Future Links Learn to Play – Levels 1 to 3. and golf consumer will now be able to discern which access to the game and more high performance The Instruction Stream is open to PGA of Canada type of certified coach is best suited for their individual LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA members only. This stream is aimed at any individual needs in the area of competitive coaching skills. The athletes as they will now have a pathway and a looking to learn the skills required in order to play the athletes in this stream may range in age from 10 to 55 39 game. The emphasis is on the instructors being able to depending on when they decide they require formal- coaching system that supports their long-term goals instruct, in each context, the skills required by the ized coaching in the skills necessary to compete at player. The skill sets and degree of proficiency their chosen level. as elite performers. Figure 7. Progression of Certification Required to Teach/Coach

through the Stages of Golf’s LTPD Coach Elite Competitor Context

Coach Coach High Performance High Performance Competitor Context Competitor Context PRE-REQUISITE

Coach Coach Coach Development Development Development Competitor Context Competitor Context Competitor Context PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE Coach Coach Coach New Competitor New Competitor New Competitor Context Context Context PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE

Coach Instructor Instructor Instructor New Competitor Advanced Golfers Advanced Golfers Advanced Golfers Context Context Context Context PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE

Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Intermediate Golfers Context Golfers Context Golfers Context Golfers Context Golfers Context PGA of Canada Certification Contexts PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE

Community Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Instructor Sport Future Beginner Golfers Beginner Golfers Beginner Golfers Beginner Golfers Beginner Golfers Beginner Golfers Links Leader Context Context Context Context Context Context Workshop PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE PRE-REQUISITE Active Learn to Train to Learn to Train to Train to Excel Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 40 Start Play Play Compete Compete Excel Stages of Long-Term Player Development Core Elementselements cientific research has concluded that it takes a minimum of 10 years and 10,000 hours of HorizontalHorizontal andand VVerticalertical IntegrationIntegration 99 ExpandedExpanded S’S’ss S training for a talented athlete to reach elite levels. For the athlete and a coach, this translates into TheThe ArtArt andand ScienceScience ofof CoachingCoaching slightly more than three hours of training or competi- tion daily for 10 years. By the time he or she reaches this level, all of an Training Horizontal Progression athlete’s physical, technical, tactical (including decision- making skills), mental and personal and lifestyle capac- ities are fully established and the focus of training has shifted to the maximization of performance. tamina The following Core Elements provide a roadmap for Stamina advancement in which all are connected in the same Strength manner a jigsaw puzzle comes together. The individual Speed Integration V pieces of this particular puzzle are technical, tactical, Skill ertical physical, psychological and supporting aspects. Suppleness PPerformanceerformance Technical: Structure (Stature) This section refers to the physical aspect of tech- Sustenance nical execution and competency surrounding the Sychology playing of a golf shot, no matter the circumstance (tee, Schooling fairway, rough, green, hazard, poor conditions, under pressure etc). The proper execution of a “golf shot” is developed gradually over time. Learning the “right way” to strike a golf ball requires a lot of practice over several years. As a player progresses from the “Entry” Annual Cyclele // Week 1 to 52 stage, he/she will learn to optimize his or her swing (Balyi, 2004 and Norris 2000) and to do so on demand, under pressure.

The chart below illustrates the ‘art and science’ DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Figure 8. required by the coach when planning the horizontal able and based on scientific guidelines; the vertical 41 and vertical integration of the nine expanded S’s of integration is based on the interrelationship of each training and performance. The horizontal arrows aspect of training and performance, which is often represent the progress of an athlete that is quantifi- based on the ‘art’ of coaching. Proficiencies to develop and odization is time management. As a planning tech- ‘reading’ the green, and also round preparation and nique, it provides the framework for arranging the recovery strategies. The mental (psychological) emphasize: complex array of training processes into a logical component of golf is clearly interwoven with the 1. Performance enhancement skills (nutrition, envi- and scientifically based schedule to bring about tactical element. ronmental factors, athletic lifestyle.) optimal improvements in performance. This area represents the gradual ascendancy and 2. Strength and flexibility during growth spurt (+/- Periodization is situation specific depending upon complexity of decision-making in the game of golf. As an onset of PHV. Peak height velocity is the maximum priorities and the time available to bring about the example, in Learn To Play there are very few tactical rate of growth in stature during growth spurt. The required training and competition improvement. elements other than the lining up of the shot. As golfers age of maximum velocity of growth is called the 7. Emphasize flexibility training given the rapid mature and improve, the range of tactical decision-making age at PHV.) growth of bones, tendons, ligaments and muscles. becomes increasingly more diverse and complex. 3. Fine motor and general co-ordination skills devel- 8. Note that both aerobic and strength trainability are Optimal competition calendar planning at all stages opment after PHV. dependent on the maturation level of the golfer. For is critical to athlete development. At certain stages, 4. Coping with physical and mental challenges of this reason, the timing of training emphasis differs developing the physical capacities takes precedence competition. depending on whether athletes are early, average over competition. At later stages, the ability to compete 5. Optimize training and competition ratios and follow or late maturers. well becomes the focus. a 60:40 per cent training to competition ratio. Too The table below outlines general recommenda- much competition wastes valuable training time Tactical: tions for the ratio of training to competition and and conversely, not enough inhibits the practice of The tactical element refers to the cognitive (thinking/ competition-specific training. It is important to technical/tactical and decision-making skills. decision making/problem solving) aspect of golf. consider how the quantity and quality of the training 6. Utilize single and double periodization as the Examples would be club selection, shot choice (or and competition program changes as long-term optimal framework of preparation (Simply put, peri- swing modification), target end point for the ball, plans progress.

Figure 9. Stages Recommended Ratio

Active Start No specific ratios FUNdamentals All activity is FUN based Learn to Play 70 per cent training to 30 per cent competition Train to Play 60 per cent training to 40 per cent competition Learn to Compete 60 per cent training to 40 per cent competition.

Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada Train to Compete 40 per cent training to 60 per cent competition and competition specific training. 42 Train to Excel 25 per cent training to 75 per cent competition and competition specific training. Excel 25 per cent training to 75 per cent competition and competition specific training. Physical: Core Elements The physical component provides direction for the appropriate training of the main factors Figure 10. contributing to the physical ability to not only play golf, but also to provide a healthy basis Key development stages: for life and to be able to deal with travel and other stressors. As with the other elements, (approximate ages; mix of chronological age and developmental age) the programming guidelines are established relative to the developmental levels of the Active Start and FUNdamentals (Ages 0 to 6 males and females / 6 to 9 males / 6 to 8 females) stage in question. Learn to Play (Ages 9 to 12 males / 8 to 11 females) Golf is a physically demanding game that requires explosive power and at the same Train to Play (Ages 12 to 16 males / 11 to 15 females) time, incredible precision and complexity. As an example, the average adult male uses 30 Learn to Compete (Ages 16 to 18 males / 15 to 17 females) lbs. of muscle and nearly every joint in the body during the swing, producing 2,000 lbs. of Train to Compete (Ages 18 to 23 males / 17 to 23 females) force in less than 1/2 a millisecond. Physical training can improve all aspects of a golfer’s Train to Excel (Ages 23 to 29+ males / 23 to 28+ females) game by enhancing flexibility, increasing club Excel (Ages 23+) head speed and shot accuracy.

Figure 11. Skill development; physical training ratios: 7 key physiological Skill % Physical % proficiencies: FUNdamentals 90 10 Agility/Balance/Co-ordination Learn to Play 80 20 Flexibility Train to Play 60 40 Posture Learn to Compete 40 60 Core strength and stability Train to Compete 50 50 Strength and power

Train to Excel 60 40 Cardiovascular endurance DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 43 Excel 60 40 Performance skills (nutrition, lifestyle, environmental factors) Playing for Life As determined by the individual Figure 12. 7 Key Physiological Proficiencies: Program Composition at Each Developmental Stage (% of physical training)

FUNdamentals Learn to Play Train to Play Learn to Compete Train to Compete Train to Excel Excel

Balance Introduce 20 15 10 10 5 5

Flexibility Introduce 20 20 15 15 15 15

Posture Introduce 20 15 10 5 5 5

Core Introduce 20 20 20 25 25 25 Stability Strength Introduce 10 15 20 20 25 25 and Power Cardio Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada Introduce 5 10 15 15 15 15 Endurance 44 Performance Introduce 5 5 10 10 10 10 Skills Total (%) As part of games 100 100 100 100 100 100 Physiological Training for Golfskills FUNdamentals Learn to Play Ages: males 6 to 9 years; females 6 to 8 years Ages: males 9 to 12 years; females 8 to 11 years

Objective: Objective: • Development of general movement and athletic skills (movement literacy.) • To begin to develop golf specific movement skills and further develop general athletic abilities.

Windows of opportunity: • General athleticism, central nervous system development. Windows of opportunity: • Motor skills and coordination development. • Major skills learning phase. Proficiencies to introduce: • ABC’s of athleticism games (agility, balance, coordination and speed.) • ABC’s of athletics games (running, jumping, throwing, kicking, skipping, Proficiencies to develop: catching and other movement skills.) • ABC’s (agility, balance, coordination) skills. • Ball striking games (hockey, baseball, etc...) • Ball striking skills. • Introduce strength (own – body weight exercises only), balance and flexibility. • Running, throwing, jumping and kicking movement skills. • General co-ordination skills. • Introduce seven key physiological proficiencies (own – body weight only.) Recommended complementary activities: • Warm-up and cool down: intro to concept. • Participate in as many physical activities as possible. • Golf games, ball and stick games, racquet sports, soccer, gymnastics, running. • Daily physical activity, not sedentary for more than 60 minutes Recommended activities: except when sleeping. • Encourage participation in two to three other complementary sports • No periodization. (50 per cent golf, 50 per cent other sports.)

• Ball and stick sports, racquet sports, soccer, gymnastics, track and field. DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 45 skills Train to Play Learn to Compete Ages: males 12 to 16 years; females 11 to 15 years Ages: males 16 to 18 years; females 15 to 17 years

Objective: Objective: • Critical phase for skill acquisition and development of physical abilities. • Develop skills and physical abilities for competition performance. • Emphasis on general physical conditioning and health including • Develop a high enough level of fitness that the athlete can perform high seven key physiological proficiencies. volume and high intensity golf play and practice without fatigue and without injury. Windows of opportunity: • Speed and strength development, cardio conditioning. Windows of opportunity: • Must consider growth spurt in programming (decrease in coordination • Strength development, sport specific physiological conditioning. during growth.) Proficiencies to develop: Proficiencies to develop: • Comprehensive development of seven key physiological proficiencies • Seven key physiological proficiencies (begin supervised strength training through organized fitness training program (can introduce plyometrics.) with free-weights.) • Specific performance lifestyle skills and support (managing travel and • Performance enhancement skills (nutrition, environmental factors, competition, drug education, advanced nutrition, education and career athletic lifestyle.) guidance, positive athletic life behaviours.) • Strength and flexibility during growth spurt (+/- onset of PHV.) • Fine motor and general co-ordination skills development after PHV. Recommended activities: • Sport specific warm-up and cool-down routines. • Specialization in golf during this phase with other sport activity to provide supplementary training and remedial development. Recommended activities: • Encourage participation in one to two other complementary sports. Sport science: • Ball and stick sports, racquet sports, soccer, gymnastics, track and field. • Basic periodized planning.

Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada • Fitness testing (bi-annual) to benchmark and monitor development 46 Sport science: of physical abilities. • Anthropometry (height, limb length), general fitness testing. • Basic sport science support. • Introduce periodization. skills Physiological Training Train to Compete Train to Excel Ages: males 18 to 23+ years; females 17 to 23+ years Ages: 23 to 29+ years

Objective: Objective: • Golf specialization and performance development and optimization. • Golf specialization and performance development and optimization. • Maintain a high enough level of fitness that the athlete can perform high volume • Maintain a high enough level of fitness that the athlete can perform high volume and high intensity golf play and practice without fatigue and without injury. and high intensity golf play and practice without fatigue and without injury. Windows of opportunity: Windows of opportunity: • Continued development and optimization of seven key physiological proficiencies. • Continued development and optimization of seven key physiological proficiencies. Proficiencies to develop: Proficiencies to develop: • Optimization seven key physiological proficiencies through individualized training • Optimization seven key physiological proficiencies through individualized training programs (advanced sport specific training techniques, plyometrics, etc.) programs (advanced sport specific training techniques, plyometrics, etc.) • Optimization of physical abilities through implementation of sport science • Optimization of physical abilities through implementation of sport science principles and support from sport science teams (nutrition, biomechanics, principles and support from sport science teams (nutrition, biomechanics, physiology, all necessary remedial therapies, etc.) physiology, all necessary remedial therapies, etc.) • Optimization of performance through dedication and commitment to • Optimization of performance through dedication and commitment to positive life skills. positive life skills. Recommended activities: Recommended activities: • Optimization of golf during this phase with other sport activity to provide • Total focus on golf during this phase with other sport activity to provide cross-training and physiological support for golf performance. physiological support for golf performance. Sport Science: Sport science:

• Detailed periodized seasonal planning (preparation, competition 1, competition 2.) • Detailed periodized seasonal planning (preparation, competition 1, competition 2.) DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA • Detailed physiological and biomechanical testing (three to four times a year) • Constant physiological and biomechanical monitoring to optimize sport 47 to optimize physical performance. performance. • Comprehensive sport science support (access to performance enhance- • Comprehensive sport science support (access to performance enhance- ment team.) ment team.) skills Excel Ages: 23+ years

Objective: • Professional golf specialization and performance optimization. • Maintain a high enough level of fitness that the athlete can perform high volume and high intensity golf play and practice without fatigue and without injury. Windows of opportunity: • Optimization of seven key physiological proficiencies. Proficiencies to develop: • Optimization seven key physiological proficiencies through individual training programs (advanced sport specific training techniques, plyometrics, etc.) • Optimization of physical abilities through implementation of sport science principles and support from sport science teams (nutrition, biomechanics, physiology, all necessary remedial therapies, etc.) • Optimization of performance through dedication and commitment to positive life skills. Recommended activities: • Total focus on golf performance. Sport science: • Detailed periodized seasonal planning

Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada (preparation, competition 1, competition 2.) 48 • Constant physiological and biomechanical monitoring to optimize sport performance. • Comprehensive sport science support (access to performance enhancement specialists.) Psychological Training formental Golf o excel in the world of competitive golf, players must master precise tech- nical skills and undertake specialized physical training regimens. Perhaps T more importantly, players must also develop the mental skills that permit FUNdamentals them to control their physical performance on-course. Ages: males 6 to 9 years; females 6 to 8 years Players, in general, spend considerable time developing their technical skills and physiological capacities, yet seldom include a formal and systematic mental training component in their on-course programs. This is a puzzling perspective Objective: since most high-performance players believe that successful performance is 80 to • Gain an awareness of the importance of mental skills. 90 per cent mental and only 10 to 20 per cent physical. It stands to reason that if • Exposure to positive thinking skills to build confidence and the ability to one develops effective mental skills, one will develop the foundation for peak cope with stress. performance.

Fortunately, there is no mystery in acquiring and/or improving mental skills. By To-do list: developing simple techniques such as how to focus, relax, think constructively, use • Learn about basic relaxation and energizing skills. images and deal effectively with stress and distraction, players, at all levels, will • Learn about creative imagery. be better able to manage the mental factors of competitive golf. By engaging in mental skills training, players will be well on their way to becoming confident, elite performers who are capable of effective emotional control and self-regulation. Suggested Materials: • Better Golf Jr. Workbook. • Terry Orlick’s Feeling Good Program (at this level and next.) LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 49 Learn to Play Train to Play Ages: males 9 to 12 years; females 8 to 11 years Ages: males 12 to 16 years; females 11 to 15 years

Objective: Objective: • Understand the importance of practicing basic mental skills. • Understand how confidence is developed to improve performance. • Develop an awareness of how performance unfolds from a mental perspective. • Understand personal specific mental skill needs. • Understand the voluntary nature of refocusing, i.e., players can adjust their • Be able to set realistic, specific, process goals for the season. focus and behaviours. • Develop an awareness of personal ideal performance states. For example: “When I remember to slow down my backswing, I hit the ball better.” and To-do list: “When I am calm, I feel more relaxed and play better.” • Complete a mental skills self-assessment. • Complete a performance plan for the season. To-do list: • Further development of specific mental skills: • ‘The Big 2’ – tension control and technical cues. • Exposure a foundational mental skills framework. • constructive self-talk. • Complete a personalized ideal performance state assessment. • imagery. • Emphasize the development of ‘The Big 2’ mental skills: • confident behaviour. • tension control. • Introduce to: • technical cues. • basic pre-game preparation. • Introduce the mental skills of: • on-course focus planning. • constructive self talk. • performance monitoring (i.e., evaluating competitive performances.) • imagery. • confident behaviour.

Suggested material: Suggested material: • Better Golf Workbook and Player’s Planner. • Better Golf Jr. Workbook. Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 50 Psychological Training Learn to Compete Train to Compete Ages: males 16 to 18 years; females 15 to 17 years Ages: males 18 to 23+ years; females 17 to 23+ years

Objective: Objective: • Increase self-awareness of personal psychological performance factors (e.g., • Ongoing refinement of personalized practice and game plans. confidence, competitiveness, mental toughness, work ethic, etc.) • Increased attention to monitored psychological performance. in order to identify personal performance needs. • Learn to self-evaluate psychological performance – for both training and competitive situations. To-do list: • Regular use of practice and game plans. To-do list: • Use of on-line performance monitoring for all competitive • Assessment of individual behavioral strengths, weaknesses and motivations tournament rounds. as related to competitive performances (a formal meeting with a licensed sport psychologist is appropriate for this task at this stage.) • Refinement of pre-game preparation and on-course game plans. Suggested material: • Identify potential on-course distractions (e.g., weather, slow play, unskilled • Better Golf Workbook and Player’s Planner. caddie, poor shots, etc.) and create specific plans to manage each situation. • Golf Tracker – Advanced. • Apply mental plans to practice sessions (range or on-course). • Introduction to on-line performance monitoring for practice and competitive situations. Suggested material: • Better Golf Workbook and Player’s Planner. • Golf Tracker (on-line psychological performance management tool). LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 51 Train to Excel Excel Ages: 23 to 29+ years Ages 23+ years

Objectives: Objectives: • Gain a comprehensive understanding of the critical factors that affect your • Demonstrate the ability to self-regulate and adjust focus when ideal performance state. under pressure. • Have the ability to adjust emotions and focus to gain control over confidence • Demonstrate the ability to perform successfully in stressful situations; and performance outcome. become more focused and effective under pressure (that is, exhibit mental toughness.) To-do list: • Demonstrate superior decision accuracy so that on-course decisions are • On-line monitoring of all competitive tournament rounds. rarely flawed, and that errors are a consequence of conditions/situations • Regular use of practice and game plans. beyond player control. • Development of caddie interaction plan. To-do list: Suggested Materials: • Continued use of practice and game plans. • Better Golf Workbook and Player’s Planner. • Continued on-line monitoring of all competitive tournament rounds • Golf Tracker Advanced. to determine if improvements are occurring. • Total focus on golf performance. Suggested Materials: • Player’s Planner. • Golf Tracker Advanced. Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 52 Psychological Training

Ancillary:

There is a smorgasbord of holistic elements that the aspiring golfer and competitive golfer must be aware of and adept at executing such as health, nutrition and fitness mainte- nance, time management, career planning, and logistical strategies (travel, equipment, clothing, communication etc), as well as very specific aspects such as warm-up/prepara- tion routines or choices around competition calendar and schooling. These aspects support the technical, tactical, physical and psychological elements. LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 53 Appendices appendicesAppendix 1. Recommended Length of Competition as Defined by Number of Holes

6 to 9 9 holes or less minimum # of 18-hole competitions maximum # of 18-hole competitions 8 to 12 minimum # of 36-hole competitions maximum # of 36-hole competitions minimum # of 54-hole competitions 11 to 16 maximum # of 54-hole competitions minimum # of 72-hole competitions maximum # of 72-hole competitions 15 to 18 TPD Stages 17 to 23

23 to 29 Ages by L

23+

Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 0510 15 20 25 30 35 54 Competition Rounds Appendix 2. Quality Ball Contacts The diagrams relating to the number of ball contacts, below, (weekly by stage and Cumulative Total Throughout ‘Career’ cumulatively over the course of several years) are provided as general guides to the 2.0 overall technical expectation as well as emphasizing the need to set ‘performance’ or ‘outcome’ goals during technical practice (as denoted by the wording ‘quality ball contacts’). The ‘cumulative total’ figure, right, clearly shows that a player should build 1.5 a substantial history or ‘critical mass’ of quality balls strikes’ over several years in order to provide a solid technical platform for the primary competitive years and that 1.0 there is likely to be a range to this history rather than it being some actual fixed number depending upon several different factors (i.e., underlying ability, facilities, environment, instruction and coaching etc). 0.5

Number of Quality Ball Contacts (million) 0 8121620242832 Quality Ball Contacts Age of player as indicator of career time course (year) Through LTPD Stages of Development

3,500 3,100 3,000 3,000 2,650 2,650 2,500 2,200 2,360 2,000 1,650 2,100 1,740 1,500 1,640 1,000 580 1,100 Maximum # of ball contacts per week Quanlity Ball Contacts 500 550 Minimum # of ball contacts per week 0

60 DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 6 to 98 to 12 11 to 16 15 to 18 17 to 21 23 to 29 23+ 55 Ages as defined through LTPD Stages Appendix 3.

Number of Competitive Holes Annually by LTPD Stages of Development

3,500

3,000 Maximum # of competitive holes per year Annually 2,610 2,304 2,500 Minimum # of competitive holes per year

2,000 1,710 1,500 1,116 1,674 1,674 1,000 450 828 500 171 666 0 225 Number of Competitive Holes 0 99 6 to 98 to 12 11 to 16 15 to 18 17 to 21 23 to 29 23+ Ages as defined through LTPD Stages Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 56 Appendix 4. Suggested Guide for Ratio of Golf-Specific Skill Development / Physical Training (% = overall bias of training time / resources)

80%

60% 60% 60% 60% 50% 50%

40% 40% 40% 40%

Skill 20%

Physical

Learn Train Learn to Train to Train to

to Play to Play Compete Compete Excel Excel DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA Males Males Males Males Males Males 57 9 to 12 12 to 16 16 to 18 18 to 23+ 23 to 29 23+ Females Females Females Females Females Females 8 to 11 11 to 15 15 to 17 17 to 23+ 23 to 28 23+ Appendix 5. Suggested Yearly Training Plan During the ‘Train to Play’ Phase (blocks denote overall volume / intensity load) General Specific Pre- Competition Skill Rec/ Preparation Preparation competition Phase Focus* Regen

Physical development and Advanced technical and Competition prep and Execution of technique Intense Recovery and consolidation of basic tactical proficiency. Plus shift to maintain all during competition. skill regeneration technical golf skills. improved ancillary skills. ancillary aspects. Maintain conditioning. phase. period. raining and Competition Load T y Scale of Arbitrar

NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 58 *Note ‘Skill Focus’ in immediate post competition phase Volume of training / competition guide Terminology based upon Bompa, 1999 Intensity of training / competition guide Appendix 6. Suggested Yearly Training Plan During the ‘To Compete’ Phase (blocks denote overall volume / intensity load) General Specific Pre- Competition Phase Rec/ Preparation Preparation comp IIBreak I Regen Physical development and Continuation of previous Focus is appropriate execution of technique and tactics under Recovery and consolidation of basic phase, plus gradual shift competition environment, together with systematic regeneration technical golf skills. towards competition prep. performance evaluation. Physical conditioning maintained. period. raining and Competition Load T y Scale of Arbitrar

NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 59 Volume of training / competition guide Terminology based upon Bompa, 1999 Intensity of training / competition guide Appendix 7. Example Yearly Training Plan During the Excel Phase (blocks denote overall volume / intensity load) General Pre- Competition Phase Rec/ Preparation comp Targeted or Required Competitions and Breaks Regen Physical development and stable Comp “Prepare, Compete, Recover and Evaluate”; Targeted competition calendar. Recovery and technical and tactical golf skills. prep and Maintained physical conditioning, with appropriate recovery/regeneration regeneration Varied practice and environment. rehearsal periods between events. Highly specific preparation and ancillary components. period. raining and Competition Load T y Scale of Arbitrar

NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 60 Volume of training / competition guide Terminology based upon Bompa, 1999 Intensity of training / competition guide Appendix 8. Player Pathway for Competitive Junior Golfers in Canada

Golf Canada-sanctioned International Junior Events

Golf Canada National Championships

Provincial Championships • Future Links Championships

Golf Canada-sanctioned National Junior Tours

Player Progression Regional Mini Junior Tours

Local Club Competitions LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 61 Appendix 9. Sweden,A Scotland tale and England of three nations In order for Canada to become a world leader, it is important to benchmark ourselves and our programs with what other countries

(our competition) are doing. Three examples of nations who have Sc o t l a n d : The brand name of Scotland’s Junior Golf Strategy is called Clubgolf, developed under the adopted innovative LTPD strategies are Sweden, Scotland and England. direction and leadership of the Scottish Golf Union, the Scottish Ladies’ Golfing Association, sportscot- Sw e d e n : In a document released in 2000 land and the Professional Golfers Association. The entitled Girls and Golf, the country’s governing golf primary goal is to “create a development pathway body established some lofty goals, particularly from entry level to the sport through to the highest given the country’s population, which at the time levels of achievement, enabling increased access to was only around 8.75 million. They included having the game, higher participation levels, improved stan- 30,000 girls playing by 2004, improving the knowl- dards of performance, and a sustained growth in all edge about girls and their individual needs for all of these areas in the future. who work within golf both on a voluntary basis or “The approach to delivering the strategy will be professionally, and increasing the elite player on a characterized by the following ambitions, where long-term basis. every child will have the opportunity to experience In a section entitled Fundamental Frame of golf, every child who chooses golf will be welcomed Values, its authors wrote the following, which was into a sport that they can play for life, and every child directed at golf instructors and counselors: “Girls who steps up to the first tee will be encouraged to often value relationships more than performance. reach for their full potential. “ When forming training groups, the following should A national program is being rolled out, which will be taken into consideration; let best friends be in eventually see every 9-year-old in primary education the same training groups regardless of handicap. having the opportunity to access an entry level/ Let girls of the same age be in the same group as modified golf program at school. The reason for all of it enables everyone to contribute. Distribute tasks this is twofold: The Scottish population is ageing and within the group; do not do everything yourself as a the country wants to be well represented when it Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada leader. Let the girls participate in performing a hosts the Ryder Cup in 2014 at GlenEagles. 62 given task. This will help the girls to develop A by-product of the new program occurred with responsibility and unity. To try your very best is the the opening of the Hermitage Family Golf Course in most important. Encouraging them to attempt Edinburgh, the U.K.’s first purpose-built children’s something rather than focus on a “result”. course. A tale of three nations En g l a n d : England Golf: Whole Sport Plan, 2005- 2009 is a document that highlights the “work the sport needs to do from 2005 to 2009 towards becoming the Leading Golf Nation in the World by 2020.” There are 11 recommendations including the following: A golfer- centered, not an organization-centered, approach to the sport’s development; a sport that is continually encouraging its golf clubs to be more community aware and family friendly in their approach; a more systematic approach to achieving English successes in world golf – both in the amateur and the professional game; and the effective delivery via a new One Voice structure that embraces men, women, professional, amateur, the able bodied and disabled. The document notes that the starting point for the plan was to assess the game’s current areas for improvement, benchmark England against other leading golf nations and design future programs in an innova- tive way that responds to changes in the game both nationally and globally: “Initial work in LTPD has identi- fied that golf is a 20-year sport where talented players now need to be identified as young as 9 or 10 years old. The implementation of a Long-Term Player Development player pathway within golf backed up by appropriate coach education and competition struc- tures is seen as the backbone of this Whole Sport Plan 2005-2009. “Delivery of the programs will be led by the England Golf Partnership (EGP) – a Limited Liability Partnership DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA between the English Golf Union (EGU), the English 63 Ladies Golf Association (ELGA) and the Professional Golfers’ Association (PGA) with the support of the Golf Foundation and Sport England.” Appendix 10. Fast Facts and Figuresfacts According to the 2006 PGA Tour Media Guide, of the Golf is a 20-year sport: An analysis by the PGA of CN Future Links 301 members with playing privileges last year, 226 the best male and female players going back to were American and 75 were international. Australia Bobby Jones revealed that it took 20 years from entry • More than 950,000 boys and girls have partici- led the international pack with 23 followed by South point to winning a major! The average starting age pated in Future Links since its inception in 1996. Africa with eight, England with six, Japan with four was 8.28 for males and 9.1 for females. The average and Canada, Ireland and New Zealand with three age of turning pro was 22.73 for males and 22.43 for • In 2009, CN Future Links was relaunched featuring each. It is interesting to note that the average age that females. The average age of winning that first major? LTPD compliant curriculum. these players turned pro was 22.2 and the average According to the study, it was 31.3 for males and age a PGA Tour card was obtained was 26.8 25.55 for females.

The average rookie age of players on the LPGA Tour When jointly organized, the men’s and women’s last year, meanwhile, was 23.03 and the average age of games can learn and support one another more all players 32.81. There were 101 active international effectively. players last year from 24 different countries. South Korea Sources: American Golf 20/20 Vision for the Future lead with 32 players followed by Sweden with 14, published in 2000 and Swedish Golf Federation Australia with 22, Canada with six, England, Scotland, Strategy 2004. Japan and Thailand each with four, Italy with three and France, Germany, Brazil and Paraguay each with two. Golf federations in Sweden, Australia and New Zealand have concluded that a seamless and clearly

BALANCE

SKIPPING Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 64 KICKING Examples of the wide variety of movements and skills that underscore a competent physical literacy.

TRAVELING SKILLS OBJECT CONTROL SKILLS BALANCE MOVEMENTS Climbing Balancing/Centering Galloping • Kicking Body rolling Gliding • Punting Dodging Hopping • Rolling (ball) Eggbeater Jumping • Striking (ball, puck, etc) Floating Leaping • Throwing Landing Poling Receiving: Ready position Running • Catching Sinking/Falling Sculling • Stopping Spinning Skating • Trapping Stopping Skipping Traveling with: Stretching/Curling Sliding • Dribbling (feet) Swinging Swimming • Dribbling (hands) Twisting/Turning Swinging • Dribbling (stick) Wheeling Receiving and sending: • Striking (bat) JUMPING • Striking (stick) Various sources; • Volleying see Canadian Sport for Life

DRIBBLING LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT LONG-TERM GUIDE PLAYER FOR GOLF IN CANADA 65 THROWING HITTING Referencesreferences A Single System For Hockey, England Hockey – Sport Better Golf – Discover the Power of Performance Coaching For Long-Term Athlete Development: To England, 2005 Psychology, Player’s Planner, 2005. Sinclair, D.A. Improve Participation And Performance In Sport, 2005. Human Performance International, Stafford, I. The National Coaching Foundation/Coachwise. Age periods of accelerate improvements of muscle www.humanperformance.ca Leeds. ISBN 1-902523-70-9 strength, power, speed and endurance in age intervals, 6 – 18 years. 1998. Viru, A., Loko, J., Laaeots, Canadian Freestyle Ski Association – Introduction to Developmentally Appropriate Physical education for L., Karelson, K., & Viru, M. Biology of Sport, 15 (4), Long-Term Athlete Development for Canadian freestyle Children and Youth, 2005. Fishburne. G. F., Ripon 211 – 277 skiing Publishing. ISBN 6-0151-022-7-6 A test of the Variability of Practice Hypothesis: Canadian Sport for Life, 2005. Bayli, I., Cardinal, C., England Golf Partnership, Whole Sport Plan, 2005-09, The Acquisition of a Gross Motor Skill, Dean Spriddle Higgs, C., Norris, S. & Way, R. Canadian Sport Centres, www.englishgolfunion.org 2005 UBC 1993. Vancouver, BC. ISBN 0-9738274-0-8 Growth, Maturation, And Physical Activity, 2nd edition. Athletics Canada – Long Term Athlete Development, Coaching children in sport: Principles and practice, 2004. Malina, R., Bouchard, C., and Bar-Or, O. Human 2006 1993. M.J. Lee, Editor. E & F. N. Spon. London. Kinetics, Champaign, IL. ISBN 0-88011-882-2 ISBN 0-419-18250-0 Better Golf – Discover the Power of Performance Golf Participation In Canada Report, Ipsos Reid, 2006. Psychology, 2005. Sinclair, D.A. Human Performance The Path to Excellence document; 2001, USOC www.ipsos.ca International, www.humanperformance.ca Physical Preparation for Golf Training Manual, Gregory D. Wells Consulting, 2005 Clubgolf: Scotland’s Junior Golf Strategy, Scottish Golf Union, 2004. www.scottishgolfunion.org Speed Skating Canada’s Long Term Athlete Development Plan Swedish Golf Federation, Girls & Golf, 2002. www.golf.se Vision 2020 – The Long-Term Athlete Development Plan for Snowboarding in Canada, 2006 Golf Canada in partnership with the PGA of Canada 66 In partnership with

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