2 Environmental Impact

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2 Environmental Impact HIS MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL MINISTRY OF WORKS AND TRANSPORT DEPARTMENTOF ROADS ROAD MAINTENANCE AND Public Disclosure Authorized DEVELOPMENT PROJECT NEW ROAD DEVELOPMENT - __ aAND UPGRADINGCOMPONENT Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT E-257 VOL. 2 Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ____ ASSESSMENT New Road Construction Public Disclosure Authorized SMEC International Pty. Ltd., Cooma, NSW, Australia ASMEC in associationwitfi CEMATConsultants (Pvt.) Ltd., Nepal June 1999 Table of Contents Project Proponent i Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Project Description 1 1.3 Aims of Environmental Assessment 3 2. Legislation, Policies and Standards 5 2.1 Environmental Assessment Requirements 5 2.1.1 NTationalLegislation 5 2.1.2 World Bank Requirements 6 2.1.3 Departrent of Roads Standards 7 2.2 Road Development Requirements 7 2.2.1 National Legislation 7 2.2.2 International Conventions and Treaties 9 2.2.3 National Policies 9 3. Methodology 11 3.1 EIA Scoping 11 3).2 Alignment Inspection 12 3.2.1 Alignent Selection 12 3.2.2 Collection of Alinment Information 13 3.3 District Interviewvs 14 3.4 Inspection of Existing Roads 14 35 Assessment of Environmental Issues 15 4. Analysis of Alternatives 20 4.1 Alternative Roads 20 4.1.1 PrioritylnvestmentPlanProject 20 4.1.2 RMD Project Screeningc 21 4.2 Alternative Road Aligrunents 28 4.3 Alignment Refinement 3 1 5. Existing Access, Proposed Alignments and Projected Traffic 33 5.1 Existing Access 33 5.1.1 Darchula Access 33 5.1.2 Martadi Access 34 5.1.3 Mangalsen Access 34 5.1.4 Jumla Access 35 5.1.5 Jajarkot Access 35 5.2 Existing Traffic Volumes 36 5.3 Proposed Alignments 36 5.4 Projected Vehicle Traffic 37 6. Bio-Physical Environment 38 6.1 Physiographic Regions 38 6.2 Topography 39 6.3 Climate 40 6.4 Geology 41 6.5 Soils 44 6.6 Seismicity 45 6.7 Lanid Use 45 6.8 Forest Cover and Use 47 6.8.1 District Forest Cover 47 6.8.2 Forest Cover in the Region of Influence 48 6.8.3 Forest Use 52 6.9 Wildlife and Fish 54 6.10 Protected Areas 55 6.11 Rivers Basins, Wetlands and W'ater Quality 57 6.12 Archaeological, Religious and Cultural Sites 58 6.13 Noise and Air Quality . 59 7. Socio-Economic Environment 60 7.1 Regional, District and VDC Context 60 7.2 Demographic Profiles and Settlement Patterns 62 7.3 Economic Activities and Subsistence 66 7.4 Key Social Services and Facilities 72 7.4.1 Education 72 7.4.2 Health 74 8. Potential Environmental Impacts 75 8.1 Direct and Indirect EnvironrmentalImpacts 75 8.2 Extent of Environmental Impacts 76 8.3 Duration of Environmental Impacts 76 8.4 Primar) and Secondary EnvirornmentalIssues 76 8.5 Bio-physical Environmental Impacts 77 8.5.1 Land Use 77 8.5.2 Land Stability 80 -. 5.3 Fcology 84 8.5.4 Archaeology, Religious and Cultural Sites 89 8.5.5 Noise and Vibration 90 &.5.6 Air Quality 91 8.5.7 Other Pollution 92 8.5.8 Drinking Water Catchments 93 8.5.9 Future Likely Impacts 94 8.6 Socio-economic Impacts 95 8.6.1 Loss of Buildings and Structures 96 8.6.2 Loss of Cultivation Land and Other Natural Resources 99 8.6.3 Population Displacement 101 8.6.4 Road ConstructionEmployment 103 8.6.i Impact of Foreign Construction Workers 106 8.6.6 Social Change and Development 106 9. Design, Construction and Maintenance Mitigation Measures 112 9.1 Alignment Planning 112 9.2 Road Design Mitigation Measures 114 9.2.1 Excavation and Road Formation 114 9.2.2 Drainage 116 9.3 Road Construction MitiQationMeasures 119 9.3.1 Construction Programme 119 9.3.2 Construction Methods 120 9.3.3 Construction Management and Certification of Works 121 9.3.4 Training 122 9.3.5 Worksite Survey, Pegging and Approval 123 9.3.6 Additional Road Design 123 9.3.7 Vegetation Clearance 124 9.3.8 Retaining Wall Construction 124 9.3.9 Excavation and Embankment Construction 125 9.3.10 Topsoil Saving and Re-use 125 9.3.11 Fill Disposal 126 9.3.12 Reinstatement of Services 126 9.3.13 Quarries and Borrow Pits 127 9.3.14 Stockpiling 128 9.3.15 Workforce Camp 128 9.3.16 Workforce Management 129 9.3.17 Noise Pollution 129 9.3.18 Hazards and Hazardous Materials 129 9.3.19 Revegetation 130 9.3.20 Ancillary Site Rehabilitation 131l 9.4 Maintenance Recommendations 131 9.5 Mitigation of Direct Socio-economic Impacts 132 9.5.1 Objectives 132 9.5.2 Entitlement Policy 133 9.5.3 Land Acquisition 137 10. Improvement Proposals 138 10.1 Improvement of Degraded Environmental Features 139 10.1.1 Comunity Forest Establishment and Support 139 10.1.2 Trail Improvement 143 10.1.3 Revegetation of Degraded Land 144 10.1.4 Landslide Stabilisation 145 10.2 Improvements Relating to the Proposed Roads 145 10.2.1 Road Head and Market Centre Plannin; 145 10.2.2 Cash Crop Development 147 11. Project Benefits and Costs 148 11.1 Project Benefits 148 11.2 Project Costs 148 11.2.1 Road Construction Costs 148 11-2.2 Environmental Mitigation Costs 148 11.2.3 Environmental Improvement Costs 10 12. Public Consultation 151 12.1 EIA Scoping 152 12.2 Data Collection and Alignment Selection 152 12.2.1 Data Collection 152 12.2.2 Alignment Selection 154 12.3 Formulation of Mitigation and Improvement Measures 154 13. Conclusions 155 14. References 158 Appendices 1. Design Standards for Road Construction 2. District Officials and Others Interviewed 3. Scoping Workshop Participants 4. EIA Scoping Issues 5. Road Alignment Recommendations 6. AlignmnentData Sheets 7. Forest Use and Protected Species Interview Sheets 8. District Interview Sheets 9. Proposed Road Alignments 10. Forest Species Associations in the ROIs 11. Cormnunity Forests Within the ROIs 12. Protected Plant Species Reported Within the Road ROls 13. Mammals Reported Within the Road ROIs 14. Protected Birds Reported Within the Road ROIs 15. Wetlands in Road Districts 16. Historical/Cultural/Archaeological Sites in the Road Districts 17. District Cultivation Areas and Average Crop Yields 18. Improvement Proposal Cost Estimates Figures I. Proposed New Roads 2. Proposed Darchula Road 3. Proposed Martadi and Mangalsen Roads 4. Proposed Jumla Road D. Proposed Jajarkot Road 6. Pysiographic Regions 7. Example of a Preliminarv Design Drawing 8. Impact Areas of Different Road Construction Techniques 114 9. Location of Road Drains at Natural Drainage Lines 18 10. Sequence of Construction Activities 124 11. Replacement of Existing Water Supply Line with a Standpipe 127 Diagrams I1. Projec7tIncorporation of Environmental Mitigation Measures 4 2. Main Constraints, Mitigation Measures and Likely Benefits and Impacts 156 Tables 1. Roads Proposed for Construction 2 2. Survey Social Sample 14 3. Initially Viable Roads Proposed in the PIP Study 21 4. Candidate ConstructionRoads Screened 22 5. Environmental Screening Scores for Candidate Construction Roads 25 6. - Social Screening Scores for Candidate Construction Roads 27 7. Overall Screening Scores 27 8. Average Daily Traffic 36 9. Projected TNormal'Vehicle Traffic Composition 37 10. Projected 'Normal' Daily Vehicle Traffic Volume 37 11. Physiographic Regions of Nepal 38 12. Physiographic Regions of Proposed Roads 38 13. Topographic Features Along the Proposed Aligmnents 39 14. Climatic Zones Along the Proposed Roads 40 15. Recorded Seismic Activity Along the Proposed Road Corridors 45 16. DistrictLand Use 46 17. District Forest Cover 47 18. District Forest Cover Type by Physiographic Region 48 19. Forest Stock Change 1979-1994 48 20. Forest Types Within the Region of Influence 49 21. Forest Density Within the Region of Influence 50 22. Forest Maturity Within the Region of Influence 50 23. District Per Capita Fuelwood Consumption by Enduse 53 24. Major River Features 58 25. Road Districts and Potentially Influenced Districts 60 26. VDCs Crossed by Proposed Roads 60 27. Road Districts by Key Development Indicators 61 28. District Population Figures 62 29. Households and Population in the Road VDCs, 1991 and 1998 63 30. Ethnic/Caste Composition of the Road Districts Population (1991) 64 31. Demographic Features of the Household Population 64 32. Out-Migrants in the Mid-, West-, and Far-Western Census Regions (1981-1991) 65 33. Residential Status of the Household Population (n= 1,558 persons) 66 34. Occupational Status of Economically Active Population by Road District 66 35. Occupational Status of the Household Population 67 36. Landholdings by Road District 68 37. Reported Household Landholding Size 68 38. Livestock Ownership 69 39. Nominal HouselholdIncome and Per Capita Income by Development Region 70 40. Income by Source and Development Region 70 41. Reported Sources of Income During the Previous Year 71 42. Expenditure by Type 72 43. Schools and Students in the Road Districts (1996) 73 44. Educational Levels of the Household Population. 6 years and older 73 45. Health Facilities in the Road Districts (1996/97) 74 46. Primary Environmental Issues and Associated Impacts 77 47. Land Use Types Within the Right-of-Way 78 48. Forest Types and Densities Within the Right-of-Way 79 49. Regional Fuelwood and Wood Conversion Factors 80 50. Estimated Fuelwood Yield Within the Right-of-Way 80 51. Estimated Wood Yield Within the Right-of-Way 80 52. Rock Slope Haard Ratings 8 1 53. Soil Slope Hazard Ratings 82 54. Slope Hazard Classification 82 55. Alignment Slope Hazards 83 56. Archaeological,Religious and Cultural Sites Within Alignment VDCs 90 57. ApproximateAnnual Exhaust Emissions From Vehicle Traffic 92 58.
Recommended publications
  • Food Security Bulletin 29
    Nepal Food Security Bulletin Issue 29, October 2010 The focus of this edition is on the Mid and Far Western Hill and Mountain region Situation summary Figure 1. Percentage of population food insecure* 26% This Food Security Bulletin covers the period July-September and is focused on the Mid and Far Western Hill and Mountain (MFWHM) 24% region (typically the most food insecure region of the country). 22% July – August is an agricultural lean period in Nepal and typically a season of increased food insecurity. In addition, flooding and 20% landslides caused by monsoon regularly block transportation routes and result in localised crop losses. 18 % During the 2010 monsoon 1,600 families were reportedly 16 % displaced due to flooding, the Karnali Highway and other trade 14 % routes were blocked by landslides and significant crop losses were Oct -Dec Jan-M ar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct -Dec Jan-M ar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep reported in Kanchanpur, Dadeldhura, western Surkhet and south- 08 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 eastern Udayapur. NeKSAP District Food Security Networks in MFWHM districts Rural Nepal Mid-Far-Western Hills&Mountains identified 163 VDCs in 12 districts that are highly food insecure. Forty-four percent of the population in Humla and Bajura are reportedly facing a high level of food insecurity. Other districts with households that are facing a high level of food insecurity are Mugu, Kalikot, Rukum, Surkhet, Achham, Doti, Bajhang, Baitadi, Dadeldhura and Darchula. These households have both very limited food stocks and limited financial resources to purchase food. Most households are coping by reducing consumption, borrowing money or food and selling assets.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Security Bulletin - 21
    Food Security Bulletin - 21 United Nations World Food Programme FS Bulletin, November 2008 Food Security Monitoring and Analysis System Issue 21 Highlights Over the period July to September 2008, the number of people highly and severely food insecure increased by about 50% compared to the previous quarter due to severe flooding in the East and Western Terai districts, roads obstruction because of incessant rainfall and landslides, rise in food prices and decreased production of maize and other local crops. The food security situation in the flood affected districts of Eastern and Western Terai remains precarious, requiring close monitoring, while in the majority of other districts the food security situation is likely to improve in November-December due to harvesting of the paddy crop. Decreased maize and paddy production in some districts may indicate a deteriorating food insecurity situation from January onwards. this period. However, there is an could be achieved through the provision Overview expectation of deteriorating food security of return packages consisting of food Mid and Far-Western Nepal from January onwards as in most of the and other essentials as well as A considerable improvement in food Hill and Mountain districts excessive agriculture support to restore people’s security was observed in some Hill rainfall, floods, landslides, strong wind, livelihoods. districts such as Jajarkot, Bajura, and pest diseases have badly affected In the Western Terai, a recent rapid Dailekh, Rukum, Baitadi, and Darchula. maize production and consequently assessment conducted by WFP in These districts were severely or highly reduced food stocks much below what is November, revealed that the food food insecure during April - July 2008 normally expected during this time of the security situation is still critical in because of heavy loss in winter crops, year.
    [Show full text]
  • Download 4.06 MB
    Environmental Compliance Monitoring Report Semi-Annual Report Project Number: 44214-024 Grant Number: 0357-NEP July 2020 Nepal: Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco-Regions Project Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental Compliance Monitoring Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Government of Nepal Department of Forests and Soil Conservation Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco-Regions (BCRWME) Project (ADB Loan/Grant No.: GO357/0358-NEP) Semiannual Environemntal Monitoring Report of BCRWME Sub-projects (January to June 2020) Preparaed By BCRWME Project Project Management Unit Dadeldhura July, 2020 ABBREVIATION ADB : Asian Development Bank BCRWME : Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco- Regions BOQ : Bills of Quantity CDG : Community Development Group CFUG : Community Forest User Group CO : Community Organizer CPC : Consultation, Participation and Communications (Plan) CS : Construction Supervisor DDR : Due Diligence
    [Show full text]
  • Achham, Banke, Chitwan, and Pachthar Districts
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 44168-012 Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) October 2013 Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund) District Baseline Reports: Department of Roads (DOR) Achham, Banke, Chitwan, and Pachthar Districts Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoR District Baseline TA – 7984 NEP October, 2013 Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development 1 Main Consultancy Package (44768-012) ACHHAM DISTRICT BASELINE: DEPARTMENT OF ROADS (DOR) Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management METCON Consultants APTEC Consulting Prepared for Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal Environment Natural Resources and Agriculture Department, South Asia Department, Asian Development Bank Version B i MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoR District Baseline TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ACHHAM DISTRICT ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 District Sector Master Plan ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020)
    Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020) Editor-In-Chief Shree Ram Bajagain Editor Aarya Adhikari Editorial Team Govinda Prasad Tripathee Ramesh Prasad Timalsina Data Analyst Anuj KC Cover/Graphic Designer Gita Mali For Human Rights and Social Justice Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) Nagarjun Municipality-10, Syuchatar, Kathmandu POBox : 2726, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5218770 Fax:+977-1-5218251 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.insec.org.np; www.inseconline.org All materials published in this book may be used with due acknowledgement. First Edition 1000 Copies February 19, 2021 © Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) ISBN: 978-9937-9239-5-8 Printed at Dream Graphic Press Kathmandu Contents Acknowledgement Acronyms and Abbreviations Foreword CHAPTERS Chapter 1 Situation of Human Rights in 2020: Overall Assessment Accountability Towards Commitment 1 Review of the Social and Political Issues Raised in the Last 29 Years of Nepal Human Rights Year Book 25 Chapter 2 State and Human Rights Chapter 2.1 Judiciary 37 Chapter 2.2 Executive 47 Chapter 2.3 Legislature 57 Chapter 3 Study Report 3.1 Status of Implementation of the Labor Act at Tea Gardens of Province 1 69 3.2 Witchcraft, an Evil Practice: Continuation of Violence against Women 73 3.3 Natural Disasters in Sindhupalchok and Their Effects on Economic and Social Rights 78 3.4 Problems and Challenges of Sugarcane Farmers 82 3.5 Child Marriage and Violations of Child Rights in Karnali Province 88 36 Socio-economic
    [Show full text]
  • 44214-024: Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds In
    Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco-Regions (RRP NEP 44214) Environmental Assessment and Review Framework ADB TA 7883-NEP July 2013 Nepal: Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco-Regions Prepared by Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management for the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 December 2012) Currency unit – Nepalese Rupee (NR) NR1.00 = $0.0115 $1.00 = NR 86.9 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CDG – Community Development Group CFUG – Community Forest User Group CPC – Consultation, Participation and Communications (Plan) DAGs – disadvantaged groups DDR – Due Diligence Reports DFO – District Forestry Office DSCO – District Soil Conservation Office DSCWM – Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management DSO – DSCO Safeguard Officer DSS – District Safeguard Specialist EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment GESI – Gender Empowerment and Social Inclusion (Plan) GON – Government of Nepal GPP – Grievance Point Person IEE – Initial Environmental Examination MoFSC – Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation NAPA – National Adaptation Program of Action NES – National Environmental Specialist PIC – Project Implementation Consultant PMU – Project Management Unit REA – Rapid Environmental Assessment R/LAP – Resettlement and Land Acquisition Plan SPCR – Strategic Program for Climate Resilience SEU – Social and Environmental Unit SWMC – Sub-watershed Management Committee VDC – Village Development Committee VDT – Village Development Team WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cm – centimeter cu m – cubic meters Ha hectare km – kilometer L – liter m – meter masl – meters above sea level sq m square meter NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental assessment and review framework is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • CECI Nepal's Newsletter
    INSIDE THIS ISSUE: CECI Nepal AGM 1 Celebration of Open Data Day 4 National Advocacy Campaign 6 Creating Jobs 7 Uniterra Towards Fostering 12 CECI Nepal’s Partnership Partner Organization Workshop 13 Newsletter Volunteer’s Blog: Status of 14 Women in Nepal SUSASAN in Media 15 January-April 2019 1 VOLUME , ISSUE 2 VOLUME , ISSUE Dear Friends, MESSAGE Welcome to the CECI Nepal’s Newsletter “REFLECT”! I am delighted to present you the latest edition of CECI Nepal’s newslet- ter “REFLECT”. In this edition, you will get a glimpse of our major activi- FROM THE ties carried out between January to April, 2019. In this quarter, we are almost at the end of Livelihood Promotion for Earthquake aected Population in Nepal (PUNARNIRMAN) project and COUNTRY wrapping up its activities. The most exciting part of PUNARNIRMAN project is the local government has shown their willingness to support further and beneciaries are linked to the local institutions. At the same DIRECTOR time, we are looking forward to the year ahead as we build on our com- mitment to capacity building of CSOs for good governance, gender equal- ity and social inclusion. I would like to thank all our partners, including government agencies, Australian Government Department of Foreign Aairs and Trade (DFAT), Global Aairs Canada (GAC), INGOs and civil society organizations for their continued cooperation and invaluable work with us. Everyday, I see the team moving forward with their full commitment in achieving CECI’s mission and I would like to oer my sincere thanks to the CECI Nepal team and volunteers for their support and dedication.
    [Show full text]
  • Kanchanpur District
    District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) For Kanchanpur District ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Government of Nepal District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) of Kanchanpur District Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR) District Development Committee, Kanchanpur Volume I Final Report January. 2016 Prepared by: Project Research and Engineering Associates for the District Development Committee (DDC) and District Technical Office (DTO), with Technical Assistance from the Department of Local Infrastructure and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR), Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development and grant supported by DFID through Rural Access Programme (RAP3). District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) For Kanchanpur District ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Project Research and Engineering Associates 1 District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) For Kanchanpur District ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Project Research and Engineering Associates Lagankhel, Lalitpur Phone: 5539607 Email: [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study of Kailash Sacred Landscape
    Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation Initiative Feasability Assessment Report - Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal June 2010 Contributors, Advisors, Consultants Core group contributors • Chaudhary, Ram P., Professor, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University; National Coordinator, KSLCI-Nepal • Shrestha, Krishna K., Head, Central Department of Botany • Jha, Pramod K., Professor, Central Department of Botany • Bhatta, Kuber P., Consultant, Kailash Sacred Landscape Project, Nepal Contributors • Acharya, M., Department of Forest, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC) • Bajracharya, B., International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) • Basnet, G., Independent Consultant, Environmental Anthropologist • Basnet, T., Tribhuvan University • Belbase, N., Legal expert • Bhatta, S., Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation • Bhusal, Y. R. Secretary, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Das, A. N., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Ghimire, S. K., Tribhuvan University • Joshi, S. P., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Khanal, S., Independent Contributor • Maharjan, R., Department of Forest • Paudel, K. C., Department of Plant Resources • Rajbhandari, K.R., Expert, Plant Biodiversity • Rimal, S., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Sah, R.N., Department of Forest • Sharma, K., Department of Hydrology • Shrestha, S. M., Department of Forest • Siwakoti, M., Tribhuvan University • Upadhyaya, M.P., National Agricultural Research Council
    [Show full text]
  • Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 44168-012 Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA) October 2013 Nepal: Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development (Financed by the Strategic Climate Fund) District Baseline Reports: Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR) Achhame, Banke, Chitwan, Kathmandu, and Panchthar Districts Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TA – 7984 NEP October, 2013 Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development 1 Main Consultancy Package (44768-012) ACHHAM DISTRICT BASELINE: DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURAL ROADS (DOLIDAR) Prepared by ICEM – International Centre for Environmental Management METCON Consultants APTEC Consulting Prepared for Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Nepal Environment Natural Resources and Agriculture Department, South Asia Department, Asian Development Bank Version B 1 MOSTE | Mainstreaming climate change risk management in development | DoLIDAR District Baseline TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ACHHAM DISTRICT ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • River Culture in Nepal
    Nepalese Culture Vol. XIV : 1-12, 2021 Central Department of NeHCA, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35187 River Culture in Nepal Kamala Dahal- Ph.D Associate Professor, Patan Multipal Campus, T.U. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Most of the world civilizations are developed in the river basins. However, we do not have too big rivers in Nepal, though Nepalese culture is closely related with water and rivers. All the sacraments from birth to the death event in Nepalese society are related with river. Rivers and ponds are the living places of Nepali gods and goddesses. Jalkanya and Jaladevi are known as the goddesses of rivers. In the same way, most of the sacred places are located at the river banks in Nepal. Varahakshetra, Bishnupaduka, Devaghat, Triveni, Muktinath and other big Tirthas lay at the riverside. Most of the people of Nepal despose their death bodies in river banks. Death sacrement is also done in the tirthas of such localities. In this way, rivers of Nepal bear the great cultural value. Most of the sacramental, religious and cultural activities are done in such centers. Religious fairs and festivals are also organized in such a places. Therefore, river is the main centre of Nepalese culture. Key words: sacred, sacraments, purity, specialities, bath. Introduction The geography of any localities play an influencing role for the development of culture of a society. It affects a society directly and indirectly. In the beginning the nomads passed their lives for thousands of year in the jungle.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal
    SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Acknowledgements The completion of both this and the earlier feasibility report follows extensive consultation with the National Planning Commission, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), World Food Programme (WFP), UNICEF, World Bank, and New ERA, together with members of the Statistics and Evidence for Policy, Planning and Results (SEPPR) working group from the International Development Partners Group (IDPG) and made up of people from Asian Development Bank (ADB), Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNICEF and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WFP, and the World Bank. WFP, UNICEF and the World Bank commissioned this research. The statistical analysis has been undertaken by Professor Stephen Haslett, Systemetrics Research Associates and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand and Associate Prof Geoffrey Jones, Dr. Maris Isidro and Alison Sefton of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, Massey University, New Zealand. We gratefully acknowledge the considerable assistance provided at all stages by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Special thanks to Bikash Bista, Rudra Suwal, Dilli Raj Joshi, Devendra Karanjit, Bed Dhakal, Lok Khatri and Pushpa Raj Paudel. See Appendix E for the full list of people consulted. First published: December 2014 Design and processed by: Print Communication, 4241355 ISBN: 978-9937-3000-976 Suggested citation: Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014.
    [Show full text]