SENATE-Thursday, January 3, 1991 The 3d day of January being the day tials of the 33 Senators elected for 6- Witness: His excellency our governor John prescribed by the Constitution of the year terms beginning January 3, 1991. Waihee, and our seal hereto affixed at Hono­ United States for the annual meeting All certificates, the Chair is advised, lulu, Hawaii this 26th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1990. of the Congress, the 1st session of the p.re in the forms suggested by the Sen­ By the Governor: 102d Congress commenced this day at ate or contain all the essential require­ JOHN WAIHEE, 12 noon. ments of the forms suggested by the Governor. The Senate assembled in its Chamber Senate. at the Capitol. If there be no objection, the reading STATE OF INDIANA The Senate was called to order by the of the above-mentioned letter and the To the President of the Senate of the United Vice President. certificates will be waived, and they States: will be printed in full in the RECORD.· This is to certify that on the sixth day of PRAYER The documents ordered to be printed November, 1990, Dan Coats was duly chosen The Chaplain, the Reverend Richard in the RECORD are as follows: by the qualified electors of the State of Indi­ C. Halverson, D.D., offered the follow­ U.S. SENATE, ana a Senator for the unexpired term ending ing prayer: Washington, DC, December 4, 1990. at noon on the third day of January, 1993, to Hon. DAN QUAYLE, fill a vacancy in the representation from said Let us pray: state in the Senate of the United States But he that is greatest among you shall President of the Senate, U.S. Senate, Washing­ ton, DC. caused by the resignation of Dan Quayle. be your servant. And whosoever shall DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I herewith tender my Witness: I, Evan Bayh, hereto set my hand exalt himself shall be abased; and he that resignation as a Member of the United and affix the seal of the State of Indiana this shall humble himself shall be exalted.­ States Senate from the State of New Hamp­ 6th day of December, in the year of our Lord Matthew 23:11, 12. shire to become effective at the close of busi­ 1990. Eternal God, without beginning or ness on Tuesday, December 4, 1990. By the Governor: end, omnipotent and omnipresent, con­ I am obligated to assume my new position EVAN BAYH, secrate these Thy servants who have as a state Senator on December 5, 1990. The Governor. dedicated themselves to their high Constitution of the State of New Hampshire · calling. Save them from the love of prohibits an individual from simultaneously STATE OF MONTANA holding both the offices of state Senator and CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM power which leads to arrogance and United States Senator. causes them to bloat rather than grow. Sincerely yours, To the President of the Senate of the United Deliver them from self-seeking which GoRDON J. HUMPHREY, States: produces demagogs and treats rhetoric U.S. Senator. This is to certify that on the sixth day of November, A.D. 1990, Max Baucus was duly as an end in itself-from personal am­ chosen by the qualified electors of the State bition and intransigence which render STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE of Montana a Senator from said State to rep­ the Senate an institution where the CERTIFICATE OF APPOINTMENT, DECEMBER 7, resent said State in the Senate of the United whole is less than the sum of its 1990 States for the term of six years, beginning parts-from an elite which expects at­ Under the authority of New Hampshire Re­ on the 3d day of January, 1991. tention and favor, seeking publicity for vised Statutes Annotated 661:5, I hereby ap­ Witness: His excellency our Governor Stan its own sake. Help them to be faithful point the Honorable Robert C. Smith of Stephens, and our seal hereto affixed at Hel­ to their calling and commitment, re­ Tuftonboro, New Hampshire to fill the va­ ena this 10th day of December, in the year of cancy in the office of United States Senator our Lord 1990. membering that the greatest leaders By the Governor: have been servants. Help them to re­ from the State of New Hampshire for the bal­ ance of the term. STAN STEPHENS, member that as representatives they JUDD GREGG, Governor. are also leaders and grant that they Governor of New Hampshire. will not sacrifice critical leadership for STATE OF DELAWARE mindless representation. STATE OF HAWAII CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM In His name who was the Servant of CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR UNEXPIRED servants. Amen. To the President of the Senate of the United TERM States: To the President of the Senate of the United This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ States: vember, 1990, Joseph R. Biden, Jr. was duly CREDENTIAL&--RESIGNATION AND This is to certify that on the sixth day of chosen by the qualified electors of the State APPOINTMENT November, 1990, Daniel K. Akaka was duly of Delaware, a Senator from said State to The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair chosen by the qualified electors of the State represent said State in the Senate of the of Hawaii a Senator for the unexpired term United States for the term of six years, be­ lays before the Senate a letter of res­ ending at noon on the 3d day of January 1995, ginning on the 3d day of January, 1991. ignation, a certificate of appointment to fill the vacancy in the representation· Witness: His excellency our Governor Mi­ to fill the vacancy caused by the res­ from said State in the Senate of the United chael N. Castle, and our seal hereto affixed ignation, two certificates of election States caused by the death of Spark M. Mat­ at Dover this 5th day of December, in the for unexpired terms, and the creden- sunaga. year of our Lord 1990.

•This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a member of the Senate on the floor.

1 2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 By the Governor: STATE OF MAINE State in the Senate of the United States for MICHAEL N. CASTLE, CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM the term of six years, beginning on the 3rd Governor. To the President of the Senate of the United day of January, 1991. States: Witness: His excellency our Governor Ned STATE OF OKLAHOMA This is to certify that on the sixth day of McWherter, and our seal hereto affixed at CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM November, 1990, William S. Cohen was duly the capitol in Nashville this 19th day of De­ chosen by the qualified electors of the State cember, in the year of our Lord 1990. To the President of the Senate of the United By the Governor: States: of Maine a Senator from said State to rep­ This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ resent said State in the Senate of the United NED MCWHERTER, Governor. vember, 1990, David L. Boren was duly chosen States for the term of six years, beginning by the qualified electors of the State of the 3d day of January, 1991. Oklahoma as Senator from said State to rep­ Witness: His excellency our Governor John STATE OF TEXAS resent said State in the Senate of the United R. McKernan, Jr., and our seal hereto affixed This is to certify, that at a general elec­ States for the term of six years, beginning at Augusta, Maine this twenty-sixth day of tion held on Tuesday, November 6, A.D. 1990 on the 3d day of January, 1991. November, in the year of our Lord, 1990. Phil Gramm was duly elected United States Witness: His excellency our Governor By the Governor: Senator for a term beginning January 3, 1991. Henry Bellmon and our seal hereto affixed at JOHN R. MCKERNAN, Jr., In testimony whereof, I have hereunto Oklahoma City, Oklahoma this 14th day of Governor. signed my name and caused the Seal of State November in the year of our Lord 1990. to be affixed at the City of Austin, this the By the Governor: STATE OF IDAHO 19th day of December, A.D. 1990. HENRY BELLMON, CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM WILLIAM P. CLEMENTS, Jr., Governor. Governor. To the President of the Senate of the United States: STATE OF NEW JERSEY This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ STATE OF IOWA CERTIFICATION OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR vember, 1990, Larry E. Craig was duly chosen CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM TERM by the qualified electors of the State of To the President of the Senate of the United To the President of the Senate of the United Idaho a Senator from said State to represent States: States: said State in the Senate of the United States This is to certify that on the sixth day of This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ for the term of six years, beginning on the 3d November, 1990, Tom Harkin was duly chosen vember, 1990, Bill Bradley was duly chosen day of January, 1991. by the qualified electors of the State of Iowa by the qualified electors of the State of New Witness: His excellency our Governor Cecil a Senator from said State to represent said Jersey as a Senator from said State to rep­ D. Andrus, and our seal hereto affixed at State in the Senate of the United States for resent said State in the Senate of the United Boise this 21st day of November, in the year the term of six years, beginning on the 3rd States for the term of six years, beginning of our Lord 1990. day of January, 1991. on the 3rd day of January, 1991. By the Governor: Witness: His excellency our Governor Witness: ·His excellency our Governor Jim CECIL D. ANDRUS, Terry E. Branstad, and our seal hereto af­ Florio, and our seal hereto affixed at Tren­ Governor. fixed at Des Moines, Iowa, this tenth day of ton this 4th day of December, in the year of December in the year 1990. our Lord 1990. STATE OF NEW MEXICO By the Governor: By the Governor: CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM TERRY E. BRANSTAD, JIM FLORIO, To the President of the Senate of the United Governor. Governor. States: This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ STATE OF OREGON STATE OF COLORADO vember, 1990, Pete Domenici was duly chosen CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM by the qualified electors of the State of New To the PreSident of the Senate of the United To the President of the Senate of the United Mexico a Senator from said State to rep­ States: States: resent said State in the Senate of the United This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ States for the term of six years, beginning vember, 1990, Mark 0. Hatfield was duly cho­ vember, 1990, Hank Brown was duly chosen on the 3rd day of January, 1991." sen by the qualified electors of the State of by the qualified electors of the State of Colo­ Witness: His excellency our Governor Oregon a Senator from said State to rep­ rado a Senator from said State to represent Garrey E. Carruthers, and our seal hereto af­ resent said State in the Senate of the United said State in the Senate of the United States fixed at Santa Fe, New Mexico this 27th day States for the term of six years, beginning for the term of six years, beginning on the of November, in the year of our Lord 1990." on the third day of January, 1991. 3rd day of January, 1991. GARREY E. CARRUTHERS, Witness: His excellency our Governor Neil Witness: His excellency our Governor Roy Governor. Goldschmidt, and our seal hereto affixed at Romer, and our seal hereto affixed at Denver Salem, Oregon this 6th day of December, in this 17th day of December, in the year of our STATE OF NEBRASKA the year of our Lord 1990. Lord 1990. CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM By the Governor: By the Governor: To the President of the Senate of the United NEIL GoLDSCHMIDT, RoYRoMER, States: Governor. Governor. This is to certify that on the sixth day of November, 1990, J.J. Exon was duly chosen STATE OF ALABAMA STATE OF MISSISSIPPI by the qualified electors of the State of Ne­ CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR A SIX-YEAR CERTIFICATION OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR braska a Senator from said State to rep­ TERM IN THE U.S. SENATE TERM resent said State in the Senate of the United To the President of the Senate of the United To the President of the Senate of the United States for the term of six years, beginning States: States: on the third day of January, 1991. This is to certify that on the sixth day of This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ Witness: Her excellency our Governor Kay November, 1990, the Honorable Howell Heflin vember, 1990 Thad Cochran was duly chosen A. Orr, and our seals hereto affixed at Lin­ was duly chosen by the qualified electors of by the qualified electors of the State of Mis­ coln this 5th day of December, in the year of the State of Alabama as a Senator from said sissippi, a Senator from said State to rep­ our Lord 1990. State to represent said State in the Senate resent said State in the Senate of the United KAY A. ORR, of the United States for the term of six States for the term of six years, beginning Governor. years, beginning on the Third day of Janu­ on the 3rd day of January, 1991. ary, 1991. Witness: His excellency our Governor Ray STATE OF TENNESSEE Witness: His excellency our Governor the Mabus, and our seal hereto affixed at the CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM Honorable Guy Hunt, and our seal hereto af­ Capitol in the City of Jackson, Mississippi, To the President of the Senate of the United fixed at the Alabama State House this Twen­ this 3rd day of December, in the year of our States: tieth day of November, in the year of our Lord 1990. This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ Lord 1990. By the Governor: vember, 1990, Al Gore was duly chosen by the By the Governor: RAY MABUS, qualified electors of the State of Tennessee GUY HUNT, Governor. as Senator from said State to represent said Governor. January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA STATE OF MICHIGAN at Providence, this 5th day of December, in CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM the year of our Lord 1990. To the President of the Senate of the United To the President of the Senate of the United By the Governor: States: States:· EDWARD D. DIPRETE, This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ Governor. vember, 1990, Jesse A. Helms was duly chosen vember, 1990, Carl Levin was duly chosen by by the qualified electors of the State of the qualified electors of the State of Michi­ STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA North Carolina a Senator from said State to gan a Senator from said State to represent CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION represent said State in the Senate of the said State in the Senate of the United States This is to certify, that on the sixth day of United States for the term of six years, be­ for the term of six years, beginning on the November, nineteen hundred ninety, at a ginning January 3, 1991. 3rd day of January, 1991. general election Larry Pressler was duly Witness: His excellency our Governor, Given under my hand and the Great Seal of chosen by the qualified voters of the State of James G. Martin, and our Seal hereto affixed the State of Michigan this 4th day of Decem­ South Dakota to the office of United States at Raleigh this the 28th day of November, in ber in the year of our Lord One Thousand Senator for the term of six years, beginning the year of our Lord 1990. Nine Hundred Ninety and of the Common­ the third day of January, nineteen hundred By the Governor: weal th One Hundred Fifty-Four. ninety-one. JAMES G. MARTIN, By the Governor: In witness whereof, We have hereunto set Governor. JAMES J. BLANCHARD, our hands and caused the Seal of the State Governor. to be affixed at Pierre, the Capital, this 28th STATE OF LOUISIANA day of November, nineteen hundred ninety. ELECTION PROCLAMATION COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY GEORGES. MICKELSON, To the President of the Senate of the United CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM Governor. States: To all to Whom These Presents Shall Come, This is to certify that on the 6th day of Oc­ Greeting: STATE OF ARKANSAS tober, 1990, J. Bennett Johnston was duly Know Ye, That Mitch McConnell having To All To Whom These Presents Sh(J,ll Come­ chosen by the qualified electors of the State been duly certified, that on the 6th day of Greeting: of Louisiana a Senator from said State to November, 1990, was duly chosen by qualified Whereas, a canvass of the vote of all Coun­ represent said State in the Senate of the electors of the State of Kentucky a Senator ties in the General Election held on Novem­ United States for the term of six years, be­ from said State to represent said State in ber sixth, One Thousand Nine Hundred and ginning on the 3rd day of January, 1991. the Senate of the United States for the term Ninety has been made, as provided by law, ·Witness: His excellency our Governor of six years, beginning on the 3rd day of Jan­ and whereas, It appears that David Pryor Buddy Roemer, and our seal hereto affixed at uary, 1991. was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the City of Baton Rouge this 15th day of No­ I hereby invest the above named with full the State of Arkansas a Senator from said vember, 1990. power and authority to execute and dis­ State to represent said State in the Senate In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set charge the duties of the said office according of the United States for the term of six my hand officially and caused to be affixed to law. And to have and to hold the same, years, beginning on the third day of January, the Great Seal of the State of Louisiana, at with all the rights and emoluments there­ One Thousand Nine Hundred and Ninety-one. the Capitol, in the City of Baton Rouge, on unto legally appertaining, for and during the In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set this the 15th day of November A.D., 1990. term prescribed by law. my hand and caused the Great Seal of the BUDDY RoEMER, In testimony whereof, I have caused these State of Arkansas to be affixed at Little Governor of Louisiana. letters to be made patent, and the seal of the Rock, this the seventeenth day of December, Commonwealth to be hereunto affixed. Done in the Year of Our Lord, One Thousand Nine STATE OF KANSAS at Frankfort, the 27th day of November in Hundred and Ninety. CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION the year of our Lord one thousand nine hun­ BILL CLINTON, To the President of the Senate of the United dred and 90 and in the one hundred and 99th Governor. States: year of the Commonweal th. This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ WALLACE G. WILKINSON, STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA vember, nineteen hundred ninety Nancy Governor. CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM Landon Kassebaum was regularly elected in STATE OF GEORGIA To the President of the Senate of the United accordance with the laws of the State of States: Kansas and of the United States of America CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ a United States Senator for the regular term To the President of the Senate of the United vember, 1990, John D. Rockefeller IV was beginning on the third day of January, nine­ States: chosen by the qualified electors of the State teen hundred ninety-one. This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ of West Virginia a Senator from said State Witness: The Honorable Mike Hayden, our vember 1990, Honorable Sam Nunn was duly to represent said State in the Senate of the Governor, and our seal hereto affixed at To­ chosen by the qualified electors of the State United States for the term of six years, be­ peka, Kansas, this 28th day of November, in of Georgia a Senator from said state to rep­ ginning on the 3rd day of January, 1991. the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred resent said state in the Senate of the United Witness: His excellency our Governor Gas­ ninety. States for the term of six years, beginning ton Caperton, and our seal hereto affixed on By the Governor: on the 3rd day of January 1991. this the 9th day of November, One Thousand MIKE HAYDEN, Witness: His excellency our Governor Joe Nine Hundred Ninety, and in the year of our Governor. Frank Harris, and our seal hereto affixed at Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred Ninety. the Capitol, in the City of Atlanta, this 6th By the Governor: THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS day of December, in the year of our Lord GASTON CAPERTON, To the President of the Senate of the United 1990. Governor. States: By the Governor: STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA, EXECUTIVE This is to certify that on the sixth day of JOE FRANK HARRIS, DEPARTMENT, CHARLESTON November, nineteen hundred and ninety Governor. A Proclamation John F. Kerry was duly chosen by the quali­ fied electors of the Commonwealth of Massa­ STATE OF RHODE ISLAND Whereas, from the certificates of the Board chusetts a Senator from said Commonwealth CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM of Canvassers of the several counties of West to represent said Commonwealth in the Sen­ To the President of the Senate of the United Virginia, it appears that, at the General ate of the United States for the term of six States: Election held on November 6, 1990, the vote years, beginning on the third day of January, This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ for the United States Senator was as follows: nineteen hundred and ninety-one. vember, 1990, Claiborne Pell was duly chosen John Yoder (R) Jay Rockfeller Witness: His Excellency our Governor, Mi­ by the qualified electors of the State of Harpers Ferry !Dl Charleston chael S. Dukakis, and our seal hereto affixed Rhode Island and Providence Plantations a at Boston, this fifth day of December, in the Senator from said State to represent said County: Barbour ...... 1,881 4,625 year of our Lord nineteen hundred and State in the Senate of the United States for Berkeley ...... 5,044 5,576 ninety. the term of six years, beginning on the 3d Boone ...... 866 3,488 By the Governor: day of January, 1991. Braxton ...... 791 2,333 Brooke ...... 1,230 4,647 MICHAEL S. DUKAKIS, Witness: His Excellency our Governor Ed­ Cabell ...... 6,900 12,888 Governor. ward D. DiPrete, and our seal hereto affixed Calhoun ...... 836 1,882 4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991

John Yoder (R) Jay Rockfeller State Canvassing Board, it appears that Alan fixed at the State Capitol in Richmond, Vir­ Harpers Ferry (0) Charleston Simpson has been duly elected United States ginia this 29th day of November, in the year Clay ...... 691 1,701 Senator. of our Lord 1990. Doddridge ...... 1,016 955 Now, therefore, I, Mike Sullivan, Governor By the Governor: Fayette ...... 1,883 7,727' of Wyoming do hereby certify that he is LAWRENCE DoUGLAS WILDER, Gilmer ...... 619 1,472 elected for the term of six years from the 3rd Grant ...... 1,266 1,092 Governor. Greenbrier ....••...... 2.625 5,070 day of January, 1991. Hampshire ...... 1,618 1,881 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my STATE OF MINNESOTA Hancock ...... 2,105 6,910 hand and caused the Great Seal of Wyoming Hardy ...... •...... 947 1,693 CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION Harrison ...... 5,716 15,014 to be affixed. Given at Cheyenne this 26th To the President of the Senate of the United Jackson ...... 2,600 3,719 day of November, 1990. States: Jefferson ...... 2,762 3,622 MIKE SULLIVAN, Kanawha ...... 16,117 28,936 This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ Lewis ...... 1,463 3,270 Governor. vember, 1990, Paul David Wellstone was duly Lincoln ...... 990 2,330 Logan ...... 1,134 5,224 STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE chosen by the qualified electors of the State Marion ...... 4,323 11,638 of Minnesota a Senator from said State to Marshall ...... 2,568 6,725 To the President of the Senate of the United represent said State in the Senate of the Mason ...... 2,467 5,525 States: United States for the term of six years, be­ McDowell ...... 752 4,874 This is to certify that on the sixth day of Mercer ...... 3,858 8,364 ginning on the 3rd day of January, 1991. Mineral ...... 2,646 4,456 November, nineteen hundred and ninety Bob Witness our signature and the Great Seal Mingo ...... 808 4,438 Smith was duly chosen by the qualified elec­ of the State of Minnesota on this 10th day of Monongalia ...... 4,651 12,714 tors of the State of New Hampshire a Sen­ Monroe ...... 1.116 2,071 December, 1990. Morgan ...... 1,485 1,400 ator from said State to represent said State RUDY PERPICH, Nicholas ...... 1,585 4,018 in the Senate of the United States for the Governor. Ohio ...... 3,193 9,217 term of six years, beginning on the 3rd of County: Pendleton ...... 719 1,442 January, nineteen hundred and ninety-one. Pleasants ...... 650 1,249 Witness: His Excellency, our Governor Pocahontas ...... 914 1.978 Judd Gregg and our Seal hereto affixed at ADMINISTRATION OF OATH OF Preston ...... 2,513 4,317 OFFICE Putnam ...... 3,875 5,147 Concord this twenty-sixth day of November, Raleigh ...... 3,885 11 ,017 in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred The VICE PRESIDENT. If the Sen­ Randolph ...... 2,040 5,070 and ninety. Ritchie ...... 1,179 1,290 ators to be sworn will now present Roane ...... •..•...... 1,728 2,153 JUDD GREGG, themselves at the desk in groups pf Summers ...... 829 2,344 Governor. Taylor ...... 1,297 2,780 four, as their names are called by the Tucker ...... 626 1,738 STATE OF ALASKA clerk in alphabetical order, the Chair Tyler ...... 882 1,644 Upshur ...... 2,009 3,474 CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM will administer their oath of office. Wayne ...... 2,578 5,691 The clerk will read the names of the Webster ..•....•...... 460 1,825 To the President of the Senate of the United Wetzel ...... 1,289 3,407 States: first group. Wirt ...... 449 852 This is to certify that on the sixth day of The legislative clerk called the Wood ••··•····•······································ 8,459 13,246 Wyoming ...... 1,138 4,075 November, 1990, Ted Stevens was duly chosen names of Mr. AKAKA, Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. ~~~~~~~~ by the qualified electors of the State of Alas"" BIDEN' and Mr. BOREN. Total ...... 128,071 276,234 ka a Senator from said State to represent These Senators, escorted by Mr. said State in the Senate of the United States Now, therefore, I, Gaston Caperton, Gov­ for the term of six years, beginning on the INOUYE, Mr. BURNS, Mr. ROTH, and Mr. ernor of the State of West Virginia, by virtue 3rd day of January, 1991. NICKLES, respectively, advanced to the of the authority vested in me by Chapter 3, In testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set desk of the Vice President; the oath Article 6, Section 11, of the Code of West Vir­ my hand and affixed hereto the Seal of the prescribed by law was administered to ginia, do hereby proclaim Jay Rockefeller State of Alaska, at Juneau, the Capital, this them by the Vice President; and they was elected a member of the United States 28 day of December, A.D. 1990. severally subscribed to the oath in the Senate for the term beginning the 3rd day of WALTER J. HICKEL, Official Oath Book. January, 1991. Governor. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ hand and caused the Great Seal of the State STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA tions. of West Virginia to be affixed. CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX~YEAR TERM [Applause, Senators rising.] By the Governor: To the President of the Senate of the United The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk GASTON CAPERTON, States: will read the names of the next group. Governor. This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ The legislative clerk called the STATE OF ILLINOIS vember, 1990, Strom Thurmond was duly cho­ names of Mr. BRADLEY, Mr. BROWN, Mr. sen by the qualified electors of the State of COATS, and Mr. COCHRAN. To the President of the Senate of the United South Carolina a Senator from said State to States: The Senators, escorted by Mr. LAU­ represent said State in the Senate of the TENBERG, Mr. WIRTH, Mr. LUGAR, and This is to certify that on the sixth day of United States for the term of six years, be­ November, nineteen hundred and ninety Paul ginning on the 3rd day of January, 1991. Mr. LOTT, respectively, advanced to the Simon was duly chosen by the qualified elec­ Witness: His excellency our governor, Car­ desk of the Vice President; the oath tors of the State of Illinois, a Senator from roll A. Campbell, Jr., and our seal hereto af­ prescribed by law was administered to said State, to represent said State in the fixed at Columbia, South Carolina this 26th them by the Vice President; and they Senate of the United States for the term of day of November, in the year of our Lord severally subscribed to the oath in the six years, beginning on the third day of Jan­ 1990. Official Oath Book. uary, nineteen hundred and ninety-one. By the Governor: Witness: His excellency our Governor The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ CARROLL A. CAMPBELL, Jr., tions. James R. Thompson, and our seal hereto af­ Governor. fixed at the the city of Springfield this twen­ [Applause, Senators rising.] ty-sixth day of November, in the year of our COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk Lord nineteen hundred and ninety. To the President of the Senate of the Uni ted will read the names of the next group. By the Governor: States: The legislative clerk called the JAMES R. THOMPSON, This is to certify that on the 6th day of No­ names of Mr. COHEN, Mr. CRAIG, Mr. Governor. vember, 1990, John W. Warner was duly cho­ DOMENIC!, and Mr. EXON. sen by the qualified electors of the Common­ STATE OF W YOMING These Senators, escorted by Mr. weal th of Virginia a senator from said Com­ MITCHELL, Mr. SYMMS, Mr. BINGAMAN, CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION monwealth to represent said Commonwealth Whereas according to the official returns in the Senate of the United States for the and Mr. KERREY, respectively, ad­ of the General Election held in the State of term of six years, beginning on the 3rd day of vanced to the desk of the Vice Presi­ Wyoming on the 6th day of November, 1990, January, 1991. dent; the oath prescribed by law was regularly transmitted to the office of the Witness: His excellency our governor, Law­ administered to them by the Vice Secretary of State and duly canvassed by the rence Douglas Wilder, and our seal hereto af- President, and they severally sub- January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5 scribed to the oath in the Official Oath [Applause, Senators rising.] Craig Helms Pell D'Amato Hollings Pressler Book. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk Danforth Inouye Pryor The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ will read the names of the next group. Daschle Johnston Reid tions. The legislative clerk called the DeConcini Kassebaum Riegle [Applause, Senators rising.] names of Mr. SIMON' Mr. SIMPSON' Mr. Dixon Kasten Robb Dodd Kennedy Rockefeller The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk SMITH, and Mr. STEVENS. Dole Kerrey Roth will read the names of the next group. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senators Domenici Kerry Rudman The legislative clerk called the will come forward. Durenberger Kohl Sanford names of Mr. GoRE, Mr. GRAMM, Mr. These Senators, escorted by Mr. Exon Lautenberg Sarbanes Ford Leahy Sasser HARKIN, and Mr. HATFIELD. DIXON, Mr. WALLOP, Mr. RUDMAN, and Fowler Levin Shelby These Senators, escorted by Mr. SAS­ Mr. MURKOWSKI, respectively, advanced Garn Lieberman Simon SER, Mr. BENTSEN, Mr. GRASSLEY, and to the desk of the Vice President; the Glenn Lott Simpson Smith Mr. DOLE, respectively, advanced to oath prescribed by law was adminis­ Gore Lugar Gorton Mack Specter the desk of the Vice President; the tered to them by the Vice President; Graham McCain Stevens oath prescribed by law was adminis­ and they severally subscribed to the Gramm McConnell Symms Grassley Mikulski Thurmond tered to them by the Vice President, oath in the Official Oath Book. Wallop and they severally subscribed to the Harkin Mitchell The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ Hatch Moynihan Warner oath in the Official Oath Book. tions. Hatfield Murkowski Wellstone Wirth The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ [Applause, Senators rising.] Heflin Nickles tions. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk Heinz Nunn [Applause, Senators rising.] will read the names of the next group. The VICE PRESIDENT. A quorum is The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk The legislative clerk called the present. will read the names of the next group. names of Mr. THURMOND, Mr. WARNER, The majority leader. The legislative clerk called the and Mr. WELLSTONE. names of Mr. HEFLIN, Mr. HELMS, Mr. These Senators, escorted by Mr. HOL­ JOHNSTON, and Mrs. KASSEBAUM. LINGS, Mr. ROBB, and former Senator The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senators Mondale of Minnesota, respectively, INFORMING THE PRESIDENT OF will come forward. advanced to the desk of the Vice Presi­ THE UNITED STATES THAT A These Senators, escorted by Mr. dent; the oath prescribed by law was QUORUM OF EACH HOUSE IS SHELBY, Mr. SANFORD, Mr. BREAUX, and administered to them by the Vice ASSEMBLED Mr. DoLE, respectively, advanced to President, and they severally sub­ Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I the desk of the Vice President; the scribed to the oath in the Official Oath oath prescribed by law was adminis­ send a resolution to the desk and ask Book. that it be stated and immediately con­ tered to them by the Vice President; The VICE PRESIDENT. Congradu­ and they severally subscribed to the lations. sidered. oath in the Official Oath Book. [Applause, Senators rising.] The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair will report. tions. recognizes the majority leader. The legislative clerk read as follows: [Applause, Senators rising.] A resolution informing the President of The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk the United Staes that a quorum of each will read the names of the next group. CONGRATULATIONS TO House is assembled. The legislative clerk called the SENATOR THURMOND The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ names of Mr. KERRY of Massachusetts, Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I will jection to the immediate consideration Mr. LEVIN, Mr. MCCONNELL, and Mr. of the resolution? NUNN. momentarily suggest the absence of a quorum so that the roll will be called There being no objection, the Senate The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senators proceeded to consider the resolution. will come forward. and a quorum established for the pur­ pose of beginning the proceedings of The VICE PRESIDENT. The question These Senators, escorted by Mr. KEN­ is on agreeing to the resolution. NEDY, Mr. RIEGLE, Mr. FORD, and Mr. this Senate, but I believe it appropriate FOWLER, respectively, advanced to the to note at this time for the Members of The resolution (S. Res. 1) was agreed desk of the Vice President; the oath the Senate and for all Americans that to, as follows: prescribed by law was administered to Senator THURMOND has just taken the Resolved, That a - committee consisting of them by the Vice President; and they oath of office to the Senate for the two Senators be appointed to join such severally subscribed to the oath in the eighth time. commitee as may be appointed by the House Official Oath Book. [Applause, Senators rising.] of Representatives to wait upon the Presi­ Mr. MITCHELL. This is one other re­ dent of the United States and inform him The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ that a quorum of each House is assembled tions. spect in which he is unique, among many. and that the Congress is ready to receive any [Applause, Senators rising.] communication he may be pleased to make. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will read the names of the next group. Mr. MITCHELL. I move to reconsider The legislative clerk called the CALL OF THE ROLL the vote by which the resolution was names of Mr. PELL, Mr. Pressler, Mr. Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I sug­ agreed to. PRYOR, and Mr. ROCKEFELLER. gest absence of a quorum. Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senators The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk on the table. will come forward. will call the roll. The motion to lay on the table was These Senators, escorted by Mr. The legislative clerk proceeded to agreed to. CHAFEE, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. BUMPERS, call the roll, and the following Sen­ and Mr. BYRD, respectively, advanced ators answered to their names: to the desk of the Vice President; the [Quorum No. 1] APPOINTMENT OF THE MAJOR­ oath prescribed by law was adminis­ Adams Boren Burns ITY AND MINORITY LEADERS tered to them by the Vice President; Aka.ka Bradley Byrd and they severally subscribed to the Ba.ucus Breaux Chafee The VICE PRESIDENT. Pursuant to oath in the Official Oath Book. Bentsen Brown Coats the resolution, the majority and mi­ Biden Bryan Cochran The VICE PRESIDENT. Congratula­ Bingaman Bumpers Cohen nority leaders are appointed as mem­ tions. Bond Burdick Conrad bers of the committee. 6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 INFORMING THE HOUSE OF REP- The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk that it be stated and immediately con­ RESENTATIVES THAT A QUORUM will report. sidered. OF THE SENATE IS ASSEMBLED The legislative clerk read as follows: The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I A resolution (S. Res. 4) electing Martha S. will report. send a resolution to the desk and ask Pope as the Sergeant at Arms and Door­ The legislative clerk read as follows: that it be stated and immediately con­ keeper of the Senate. A resolution (S. Res. 6) notifying the House sidered. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ of Representatives of the election of a Ser­ THE VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk jection to the immediate consideration geant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate. will report. of the resolution? The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ The legislative clerk read as follows: There being no objection, the Senate jection to the immediate consideration A resolution (S. Res. 2) informing the proceeded to consider the resolution. of the resolution? House of Representatives that a quorum of The VICE PRESIDENT. The question There being no objection, the Senate the Senate is assembled. is on agreeing to the resolution. proceeded to consider the resolution. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ The resolution (S. Res. 4) was agreed The VICE PRESIDENT. The question jection to the immediate consideration to, as follows: is on agreeing to the resolution. of the resolution? Resolved, That Martha S. Pope, of the The resolution (S. Res. 6) was agreed There being no objection, the Senate State of Connecticut. be, and she is hereby, to, as follows: proceeded to consider the resolution. elected Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of Resolved, That the House of Representa­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The question the Senate. tives be notified of the election of the Honor­ Mr. MITCHELL. I move to reconsider able Martha S. Pope, of Connecticut, as Ser­ is on agreeing to the resolution. geant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate. The resolution (S. Res. 2) was agreed the vote by which the resolution was to, as follows: agreed to. Mr. MITCHELL. I move to reconsider the vote by which the resolution was Resolved, That the Secretary inform the Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion House of Representatives that a quorum of on the table. agreed to. the Senate is assembled and that the Senate The motion to lay on the table was Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion is ready to proceed to business. agreed to. on the table. Mr. MITCHELL. I move to reconsider The motion to lay on the table was the vote by which the resolution was agreed to. agreed to. NOTIFYING THE PRESIDENT OF Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion THE . UNITED STATES OF THE REAPPOINTMENT BY THE on the table. ELECTION OF A SERGEANT AT PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE The motion to lay on the table was ARMS AND DOORKEEPER OF THE agreed to. SENATE The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair, on behalf of the President pro tempore Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I pursuant to Public Law 9&-521, FIXING THE HOUR OF DAILY send a resolution to the desk and ask reappoints Michael Davidson as Senate MEETING OF THE SENATE that it be stated and immediately con­ Legal Counsel, effective January 3, sidered. Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I 1991, for a term to expire at the end of The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk the 103d Congress. send a resolution to the desk and ask will report. that it be stated and immediately con­ The legislative clerk read as follows: sidered. A resolution (S. Res. 5) notifying the Presi­ RELATING TO THE REAPPOINT­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk dent of the United States of the election of MENT OF MICHAEL DAVIDSON will report. a Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the AS SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL The legislative clerk read as follows: Senate. Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I A resolution (S. Res. 3) fixing the hour of The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ daily meeting of the Senate. send a resolution to the desk and ask jection to the immediate consideration that it be stated and immediately con­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ of the resolution? sidered. jection to the immediate consideration There being no objection, the Senate The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk of the resolution? proceeded to consider the resolution. will report. There being no objection, the Senate The VICE PRESIDENT. The question The legislative clerk read as follows: proceeded to consider the resolution. is on agreeing to the resolution. A resolution (S. Res. 7) relating to the re­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The question The resolution (S. Res. 5) was agreed appointment of Michael Davidson as Senate is on agreeing to the resolution. to, as follows: Legal Counsel. The resolution (S. Res. 3) was agreed Resolved, That the President of the United to, as follows: States be notified of the election of the Hon­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ orable Martha S. Pope, of Connecticut, as jection to the immediate consideration Resolved, That the hour of daily meeting of of the resolution? the Senate be 12 o'clock meridian unless oth­ Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the erwise ordered. Senate. There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the resolution. Mr. MITCHELL. I move to reconsider Mr. MITCHELL. I move to reconsider the vote by which the resolution was The VICE PRESIDENT. The question the vote by which the resolution was is on agreeing to the resolution. agreed to. agreed to. Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion The resolution (S. Res. 7) was agreed Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion to, as follows: on the table. on the table. The motion to lay on the table was The motion to lay on the table was Resolved, That the reappointment of Mi­ agreed to. chael Davidson to be Senate Legal Counsel agreed to. made by the President pro tempore of the Senate this day is effective as of January 3, 1991, and the term of service of the appointee ELECTING MARTHA S. POPE AS NOTIFYING THE HOUSE OF REP­ shall expire at the end of the One Hundred THE SERGEANT AT ARMS AND RESENTATIVES OF THE ELEC­ Third Congress. DOORKEEPER OF THE SENATE TION OF A SERGEANT AT ARMS Mr. MITCHELL. I move to reconsider Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I AND DOORKEEPER OF THE SEN­ the vote by which the resolution was send a resolution to the desk and ask ATE agreed to. that it be stated and immediately con­ Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I Mr. DOLE. I move to lay·that motion sidered. send a resolution to the desk and ask on the table. January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7 The motion to lay on the table was House bills, joint resolutions, and concurrent sion prior to the 23d which may well agreed to. resolutions-messages from the House of be, which we are going to get to in the Representatives: and that they be appro­ next unanimous-consent request, that priately referred; and that the President of resolutions would be authorized then UNANIMOUS-CONSENT REQUESTS the Senate, the President pro tempore, and the Acting President pro tempore be author­ under the circumstances set forth in Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I ized to sign duly enrolled bills and joint reso- the request. And for the benefit of all send to the desk en bloc 12 unanimous­ 1utions. of the Senators, I ask that the clerk consent requests and ask that they be (10) Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ state request No. 12. I ask unanimous immediately considered; that the re­ sent that for the duration of the 102d Con­ consent that the clerk read request quests be agreed to en bloc; and, that gress, Senators be allowed to leave at the desk with the Journal Clerk the names of No.12. the motion to reconsider the adoption two staff members who will be granted the The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ of these requests be laid upon the privilege of the floor during the consider­ jection, the clerk will restate the re­ table. ation of the specific matter noted, and that quest. The unanimous-consent requests, the Sergeant-at-Arms be instructed to rotate The legislative clerk read as follows: submitted en bloc, are as follows: such staff members as space allows. (12) Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ (1) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent (11) Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ sent that no bills or further resolutions, or that for the duration of the 102d Congress, sent that for the duration of the 102d Con­ Committee-reported legislation, other than the Ethics Committee be authorized to meet gress, it be in order to refer treaties and those whose introduction and consideration during the session of the Senate. nominations on the day when they are re­ have been agreed to by the majority leader, (2) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent ceived from the President, even when the following consultation with the Republican that for the duration of the 102d Congress, Senate has no executive session that day. (12) Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ leader, be in order prior to January 23, and I there be a limitation of 15 minutes each upon further ask unanimous consent that, begin­ any rollcall vote, with the warning signal to sent that no bills or further resolutions, or Committee-reported legislation, other than ning January 23 and for the remainder of the be sounded at the midway point, beginning 102d Congress, Senators may be allowed to at the last 71h minutes, and when rollcall those whose introduction and consideration have been agreed to by the Majority Leader, bring to the desk bills, joint resolutions, votes are of 10-minute duration, the warning concurrent resolutions, and simple resolu­ signal be sounded at the beginning of the following consultation with the Republican leader, be in order prior to January 23, and I tions, for referral to appropriate commit­ last 71h minutes. tees. (3) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent further ask unanimous consent that, begin­ that during the 102d Congress, it be in order ning January 23 and for the remainder of the Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, if I for the Secretary of the Senate to receive re­ 102d Congress, Senators may be allowed to might further continue my response. ports at the desk when presented by a Sen­ bring to the desk bills, joint resolutions, The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority ator at any time during the day of the ses­ concurrent resolutions, and simple resolu­ leader has the floor. sion of the Senate. tions, for referral to appropriate commit­ tees. Mr. MITCHELL. The next item of (4) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent business is a schedule of Senate activi­ that the majority and minority leaders may The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ daily have up to 10 minutes each on each cal­ jection to the unanimous-consent re­ ties in the period between now and endar day following the prayer and the dis­ quests? January 23. And I will ask that be position of the reading of, or the approval of, Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, reserving stated. the Journal. the right to object, in any case, these But what I am proposing, following (5) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent are routine motions. consultation with the Speaker, the dis­ that the Parliamentarian of the House of The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ tinguished Republican leader, many Representatives and his three assistants be Senators, is that we cancel the recess, given the privilege of the floor during the jection? 102d Congress. Mr. HARKIN. Reserving the right to that we come into session on a pro (6) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent object, might the Senator inquire as to forma basis next week, awaiting the that, notwithstanding the provisions of rule whether or not one of the resolutions development of events with respect to XXVIII, conference reports and statements en bloc to be considered is a resolution the Persian Gulf, specifically the Sec­ accompanying them not be printed as Senate stating that no other resolutions would retary of State's visit, and that we as­ reports when such conference reports and be introduced or considered by the Sen­ sess the situation at that time; that is, statements have been printed as a House re­ sometime during next week as to when port unless specific request is made in the ate today? Senate in each instance to have such a re­ Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, if I would be the appropriate time to recall port printed. might respond to the Senator's in­ the Senate for a full session for consid­ (7) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent quiry, if he would permit me to do so. eration of that matter. that the Committee on Appropriations be au­ Mr. HARKIN. I yield to the Senator The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ thorized during the 102d Congress to file re­ from Maine for that purpose. jection? ports during adjournments or recesses of the Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, the Mr. HARKIN. Reserving, the right to Senate on appropriation bills, including 12th of the series of requests does so object, Mr. President. joint resolutions, together with any accom­ Mr. ADAMS. Further reserving the panying notices of motions to suspend rule provide. That has been standard oper­ XVI, pursuant to rule V, for the purpose of ating procedure in the Senate for many right to object. offering certain amendments to such bills or years. In the past as all Senators know, The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator joint resolutions, which proposed amend­ following the constitutionally man­ from Iowa. ments shall be printed. dated convening of a new Congress, the Mr. ADAMS. The Senator from Wash­ (8) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent Senate has been in recess awaiting the ington further reserves the right to that, for the duration of the 102d Congress, President's State of the Union Address object. the Secretary of the Senate be authorized to Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I believe make technical and clerical corrections in and budget. the engrossments of all Senate-passed bills Consistent with that practice, there the Senator from Iowa has the floor. and resolutions, Senate amendments to has developed the practice of there The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority House bills and resolutions, Senate amend­ being no bills or resolutions introduced leader has the floor. The majority lead­ ments to House amendments to Senate bills during that period of time. All offices er has made a unanimous-consent re­ and resolutions, and Senate amendments to were notified of this on November 30, in quest. The Senator from Iowa has re­ House amendments to Senate amendments writing. Many offices have been in con­ served the right to object. Does the to House bills or resolutions. tact with the Senate floor staff, major­ Senator from Iowa still reserve the (9) Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that for the duration of the 102d Congress, ity and minority, since then with re­ right to object? when the Senate is in recess or adjournment, spect to this fact. Mr. HARKIN. I further reserve the the Secretary of the Senate be authorized to Accordingly, this resolution provides right to object. receive messages from the President of the that. This however also provides that The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator United States, and-with the exception of in the event that the Senate is in ses- from Iowa. 8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 Mr. HARKIN. On the basis that, as BURDICK, which this Senator wishes to The Senator from Iowa has repeat­ this Senator understands the reading introduce today. Others may have their edly said, incorrectly, that accepting of resolution No. 12, if the unanimous own. Now is the time and here is the this precludes any action until the 23d. consent is forthcoming, if the unani­ place to debate the constitutional pre­ I have tried to say as clearly as I could mous consent is adopted, that will pre­ rogatives of the President of the Unit­ to the contrary, that is not the case. clude until January 23 the introduction ed States, not on January 23, but now, As I said, we are going to be in pro of any resolution by any Senator re­ before January 15. That is why I re­ forma session next week. It is my ex­ garding the activities in the Persian served the right to object specifically pectation that we will be convening to Gulf unless unanimous consent is ob­ to the 12th unanimous-consent request, debate this subject, but we want to do tained to do just that. understanding full well that the major­ it at a time in which we can have a Mr. MITCHELL. No. Mr. President, if ity leader can preclude the offering by constructive, informed debate that ad­ I might interject, the Senator's state­ making a motion to adjourn the Sen­ vances the national interest, rather ment is incorrect. I would ask the ate. This Senator cannot stand here than retard it. So the statement that clerk to read the resolution again. It quietly and acquiesce to that unani­ this is the time and this is the place is does not require unanimous consent. It mous-consent request, with all the the statement of the Senator from requires approval of the majority lead­ high regard and admiration and respect Iowa. It may be the place. I do not be­ er following consultation with the Re­ I have for our majority leader. I mean lieve it is the time. I believe we would publican leader. that without qualification. be better served and best advance our The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the ma­ But this Senator cannot stand here Nation's interest, those who agree and jority leader desire to have the resolu­ and let this opportunity pass without disagree with the Senator's propo­ tion read again? raising his voice in protest on that sition, to conduct a debate at the time Mr. MITCHELL. Yes. unanimous-consent request and raising The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk my voice that this Senate should de­ and in a circumstance in which we are will report. bate this issue today and tomorrow. We best informed as to the current events The legislative clerk read· as follows: are assembled; we are here. We should and we know, for example, what the re­ sults of that meeting are. (12) Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ decide just what the constitutional sent that no bills or further resolutions, or prerogatives of the President are. So I suggest to the Senator and to all Committee-reported legislation, other than Mr. President, I ask that the unani­ Members of the Senate that we permit those whose introduction and consideration mous-consent requests be separated the approval of this request, with the have been agreed to by the majority leader, and that each be taken up individually, understanding and the expectation following consultation with the Republican rather than en bloc. that we will be debating this subject at leader, be in order prior to January 23, and I a time that is appropriate and when we further ask unanimous consent that, begin­ Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, further reserving the right to object. know what is going to happen with re­ ning January 23 and for the remainder of the spect to these meetings and not put 102d Congress, Senators may be allowed to The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority bring to the desk bills, joint resolutions, leader has the floor. He has made a ourselves in the position of possibly in­ concurrent resolutions, and simple resolu­ unanimous-consent request for 12 reso­ advertently undermining those meet­ tions, for referral to appropriate commit­ lutions. ings and the possible productive result tees. The majority leader is recognized. that could follow therefrom. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ Mr. MITCHELL. First, let me state Mr. HARKIN addressed the Chair. jection to the resolution submitted by that on November 30, every Senate of­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority the majority leader? fice received, in writing, notification of leader has the floor. Is there objection? Mr. HARKIN. I further reserve the the practice which I have just set Mr. HARKIN. Further reserving the right to object. forth. Not until this moment has the right to object. Mr. ADAMS. I further reserve the Senator from Iowa, or any other Sen­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator right to object. ator, chosen or seen fit to come for­ from Iowa further reserves the right to Mr. HARKIN. Reserving the right to ward and express objections. It has object. object. It is not without a heavy heart been the practice in the Senate for Mr. HARKIN. This Senator believes that I do so. These are not normal years, and everybody understands it, or that the best time to debate the issue times. These are not the times of 6 surely ought to have understood it, and of Presidential prerogatives under the years ago or 2 years ago. It is the time I just wish that if Senators have an ob­ Constitution is before this country when America is facing a war. We are jection to a practice that has been the commits itself to war, not afterward. I assembled here. We have a deadline of case for years, with respect to which have heard this resolution read twice. I January 15 facing us with American they have received written notice over would like to see it in writing. Perhaps men and women who may be dying in a month ago, that they would have the there is something the Senator is not combat. I believe it is time for the Sen­ courtesy of notifying the majority hearing. What the resolution says is ate to debate this issue, and more spe­ leader of their objection in advance so that there will not be any resolutions cifically, to debate whether or not the that we can attempt to deal with the until the 23d. We will be in pro forma President of the United States under situation. Accepting all of that, let us session, I guess, and it will be up to the the Constitution, must come to the get to the merits of the situation. distinguished majority leader to decide Congress for the power before he can This morning the President an­ the right time to debate this issue. take offensive action. If we are pre­ nounced that he has proposed a meet­ Again, with all due respect to the dis­ cluded from offering this resolution ing between the Secretary of State and tinguished majority leader, this is a today, it means that we will not be the Iraqi Foreign Minister. The dates body of 100 Senators, each of us trying able to offer it until January 23, which proposed are next Monday, Tuesday, to fulfill our constitutional obliga­ I believe is unbecoming of the U.S. and Wednesday. I, for one, and the tions, as we see those constitutional Senate. overwhelming majority of Senators obligations. This Senator believes our We are here today. Our troops are in with whom I have talked on both sides constitutional obligations are here and Saudi Arabia. Now is the time to de­ of the aisle about this subject, believe now. This Senator does not, in any bate it. It is being talked about in cof­ that a Senate debate on this issue way, believe that debating the issue of fee shops, workplaces, homes, plants, would be much more productive and the constitutional powers of the Presi­ and factories all over America; yet, we better informed if we knew if the meet­ dency in any way undermines the Unit­ cannot discuss it and debate it today or ings were going to take place, when ed States of America. Never, never, tomorrow. they were going to take place, and if never does it undermine the United Mr. President, I have a resolution, they take place, what occurs at the States of America to assert our demo­ along with Senator ADAMS and Senator meetings. cratic principles and to debate the full January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9 meaning of the Constitution, especially meeting, then be in a position to have recess until noon on Monday the 14th the War Powers Act. an informed debate and have every­ and Wednesday the 16th, precisely for Now, again, reading this, it says: thing out and let everybody offer reso­ the purpose of being in a position to I ask unanimous consent that no bills or lutions who want to offer resolutions; have that kind of debate at the appro­ further resolutions or committee-reported we could not prevent it anyway and priate time. legislation, other than those whose introduc­ should not. Mr. HARKIN addressed the Chair. tion and consideration have been agreed to Let us get clear on two points. First, Mr. ADAMS. Will the majority leader by the majority leader, following consulta­ it cannot be contained to any one reso­ yield? tion with the Republican leader, be in order lution or any narrow subject matter prior to January 23. The VICE PRESIDENT. Under unani­ whenever it has begun. Second, not mous-consent request, the Senator So, therefore, no Senator would be wanting to debate that particular issue from Iowa is reserving the right to allowed to introduce a resolution, even at this particular time does not sug­ object. if we were to come back into session, gest any lack of or diminution of com­ Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, to re­ unless it has been agreed to by the dis­ mitment to the constitutional prin­ spond, it is one thing to be in session, tinguished majority leader. ciple involved. that we meet in session; it is quite an­ Mr. MITCHELL. Will the Senator The Senator and I happen to agree on other thing to have a window of oppor­ yield on that? that point. There are others who dis­ tunity in which to be able to offer reso­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority agree. And we are respectful of dif­ lutions. That can only take place, as leader has the floor. ferences of opinion here. But let us get this Senator understands, at the end of Mr. MITCHELL. As the Senator very that straight. If we start now, then we morning business. If morning business well knows, any resolution that is in­ are here now; we are in the middle of troduced here is fully amendable. And is never attended to, then we cannot debate; we have 100 resolutions; we will offer resolutions or amendments there­ when we get the Senate back into ses­ have all the amendments that anybody sion to debate this matter it is my full wants. And the Secretary is having a to, and once again the unanimous con­ intention-and I have never had any in­ meeting presumably next week. sent says only those whose introduc­ tention contra-to let anybody intro­ Is that what we want to do? Is that tion and consideration have been duce as many resolutions as he or she constructive? Is that useful? Is there agreed to by the majority leader fol­ wants on this subject. The Senator any reason why we could not do that lowing consul tati on with the Repub­ from Iowa may be assured that he can following the meeting so that we know lican leader be in order prior to Janu­ be first in line to introduce his resolu­ what happened and we can have a bet­ ary 23. tion. So I want to make clear to him ter informed and therefore more pro­ Again this Senator has two ques­ that there is no effort or desire here to ductive debate? That is the issue I tions. Will the Senate be in session at prevent him from introducing his reso­ think that is before us. an appropriate time for Senators to lution, no intent or desire here to pre­ Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, will the offer resolutions and amendments, that vent him from speaking or saying all majority leader yield? is, at the end of morning business; and he wants. The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority second, will the Senate be in session to Let me say one thing finally. I resent leader has the floor. attend to resolutions and amendments any implication that anyone who dis­ Mr. ADAMS. Will the majority leader thereto after next Wednesday? agrees with the proposition that the yield? Mr. MITCHELL. My intention and Senator from Iowa has advanced does Mr. MITCHELL. I yield to the Sen­ expectation is that we will be at an ap­ not share his commitment to the Con­ ator from Iowa. propriate time when I make the deci­ stitution. I have been the principal ad­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority sion based upon the events that occur vocate saying publicly and privately to leader has propounded a unanimous­ between now and then. the President over and over again, as consent request. Is there objection? Mr. LEAHY. Will the Senator yield? late as this morning in the meeting Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, reserv­ Mr. MITCHELL. Yes. It is my expec­ with the distinguished Republican ing the right to object, this Senator tation and intention. But I have not leader and the Speaker, and others, wants to thank the distinguished ma­ made a decision precisely for the rea­ that I believe the President has the jority leader for engaging in this col­ sons I have stated. constitutional obligation to come to loquy and letting us have time. Mr. LEAHY. Will the Senator yield the Congress for prior approval before Again I respond, Mr. President, as to tome? launching any military offensive ac­ the request that the distinguished ma­ Mr. MITCHELL. I yield to the Sen­ tion in the Persian Gulf. jority leader has propounded-and per­ ator from Vermont. But the fact of the matter is every­ haps after the meeting takes place next Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I thank body here knows if we introduce that Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday­ the distinguished majority leader. I resolution today and start on that de­ that might be the appropriate time for yield to nobody in this body in my bate, that is not going to be the end of this body to debate this resolution or strong feeling that the United States it. The Senator from Iowa will be the any other resolutions that other Sen­ should not initiate a war without a first one to have an amendment up ators might want to propound, or declaration of war. But I believe that here. And surely he, wanting that right amendments thereto. the majority leader is being put in an himself, would not deny it to anybody Again, this Senator has two ques­ unfair position here. else. So we will have amendments on tions. One, will this Senate be back in I have been in many of those meet­ amendments, resolutions on resolu­ session next Thursday or Friday or ings the majority leader has been at tions. Saturday or Sunday? Will it be back in with the President of the United There is no conceivable way to con­ session before the 15th? There is noth­ States. The majority leader has stated tain the debate today on the precise ing before the Senate that says we will. over and over again clearly, often with and narrow question of what are the We may not be back until the 23d. a great deal of passion, that we must President's obligations under the Con­ Mr. MITCHELL. If I may interject, have a constitutional declaration of stitution at this time. Everybody the Senator is incorrect. I previously war if we are going to have a war, and knows that. So what I am suggesting is stated that the next unanimous-con­ that it is his desire and intent to bring a course of action which is a decision sent request I am going to seek to ob­ the debate and to make it possible. by the Speaker and myself, based on tain provides specifically that the Sen­ The distinguished Presiding Officer consultation with a very large number ate be in recess until noon next Mon­ has also been at many of those meet­ of Senators and House Members, that day, and then we recess until noon on ings-in fact, all of them, I believe-­ the best course of action would be to Wednesday the 9th, and then recess where the distinguished majority lead­ see what happens with respect to this until noon on Friday the 11th, and then er has made this position clear. 10 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 We can stand up here this afternoon to come back here. It is a separation of conflict has begun. Neither of those is and 100 of us can go off in a hundred powers issue. a correct statement of the present different directions on this debate. I had hoped that the majority leader state of events or of my intention in Eventually that may well happen. would be in today with a joint resolu­ this regard. The choice is, do we do it Sooner or later the U.S. Senate will tion. That is what I expected when I now, at a time when the Secretary of speak and will vote and the majority heard his communication, that he State may be about to embark on a vote will carry this issue. would be putting forth a resolution very important trip and visit and meet­ I believe we would all do well for the today that we would either submit to ing with the Iraqi Foreign Minister Senate and for the country to allow the committee or we would be debating next week, when we do not know what majority leader to go forward with the prior to January 15. is going to happen in those talks, when program he has laid out. I am abso­ This is not an ordinary year. This is what we say here may affect the occur­ lutely convinced, having been at the not the year of the January 23 State of rence and the outcome of those talks, meeting with him, that he is providing the Union Message; this is a self-im­ and which may produce a result, I say the opportunity for all of us, whether posed January 15 we either go to war or to my colleagues, that is precisely the we would vote for or against a declara­ we do not type of box that the Presi­ opposite of that which they say they tion of war, to have a chance to debate. dent put himself in. are seeking to advance? We ought to give him the opportunity I have a lot of faith in the majority I would like to say one thing to my to set the schedule so that we can have leader. But he has just given over, with colleagues. It is one thing to talk. And that debate. the minority leader-and I have not there is going to be plenty of time to The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ had an opportunity to talk with the talk today. It is another thing to ad­ jection to the unanimous-consent re­ minority leader to know where he is­ vance the principle or the cause in a position that blocks all of us from quest? which you believe. And there are many trying to establish the fact that there occasions-and I say to you this may Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, reserving must be either a declaration of war, the right to object. statutory authorization, or appropria­ well be one of them-where, by pre­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator tion of money for the President to pro­ maturely forcing a decision on this from Washington reserves the right to ceed with offensive actions. principle, you achieve a result that is object. We do not know what that might be. precisely the opposite of that which Mr. ADAMS. I regret having to again We would be willing, if there were some you say you want to achieve. Talking reserve the right to object, but many of kind of program that stated we will de­ is one thing. Getting a final result and us have sent letters and have commu­ bate this before January 15, and this a vote that you want is another thing. nicated back to the majority leader debate will have some parameters to it. I urge my colleagues to take that both by telephone and by letter indi­ But what we have seen and heard is into account when they say, "Here is cating that we wish to have an oppor­ that the majority leader and the mi­ what we ought to do and when we tunity to put in a resolution that nority leader will block all of us-and ought to do it." If your objective is would state that the President cannot this could happen until after January more than just to talk, if your objec­ carry out offensive actions without au­ 15, when hostilities have started-be­ tive is to advance the principle which thorization of the Congress, authoriza­ fore we can have a debate. you purport to want to advance, then tion of the Congress either by declara­ Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, if I you ought to consider the consequences tion of war or otherwise. The timing of may respond to that. of that and the timing of that. that vote is incredibly important. The VICE PRESIDENT. The majority Mr. ADAMS. Under my reservation, I know the majority leader's good leader. Mr. President, will the distinguished faith. I am a supporter of the majority Mr. MITCHELL. First, I say to the majority leader then set a time for de­ leader in almost everything he does. Senate, the new year has started and I bate on January 12, or January 11, a But the difference of debating whether have to be alert when people start day earlier, way in advance of January or not the President has the power to praising how much they trust me and 15? Rather than saying it may happen, commit offensive actions after they how much confidence they have in me, let us say it will happen. That is a fun­ have started and blood has been shed but--spare me the trust and the con­ damental point that the President and now when we have an opportunity fidence and get right to the point of must know from the Congress of the to say. This resolution of Senator the objections from now on. United States prior to January 15, ADAMS and Senator HARKIN is a very The Senator suggests, incorrectly, what he is empowered to do or not em­ simple one. that the only two choices we have are powered to do by this Congress. And It expresses the sense of Congress a debate today or a debate after con­ that is the point of this reservation. that Congress must approve any offen­ flict has started. That is incorrect. Let You give us no alternative but to sive military action against Iraq. It is m(\ state it again as plainly as I can. It come here now and say we have to have not an attempt to run the war. It is a is my intention, my expectation, my a resolution or we can be shut out. If flat-out, simple statement, which is desire, my, hope, that we will have in you believe what you just stated, then important in the President's meetings the Senate a full, open, vigorous debate give us a date for debate in advance of that he has with the majority leader, on the subject of the Persian Gulf, not January 15 where we may debate this, the meetings that he has with the oth­ just on the Senator's resolution, but on and if we lose, we lose. ers, that he knows that any offensive all of the issues of the debate, on all of Mr. MITCHELL. But then you will action is going to require a military re­ those that any Senator wants to offer. have lost the position which you say sponse and that has to be authorized by And under the proposal that we are you are purporting to advance. Congress. laying out, that can occur at any time Mr. ADAMS. My position is not a Now, we have reason for this. Many between now and the 15th or between complicated position. My position is of us have seen invasion after invasion. now and the 23d. That is a decision that simply the constitutional position that We have seen hostilities taken. We we must make based upon the events the President cannot start offensive ac­ have seen the War Powers Act abso­ that develop, and specifically next tions, which is war, without the Con­ lutely decimated. And now we are talk­ week. gress voting and approving that, or the ing about 500,000 American personnel So it is not a choice, as the Senator declaration-call it a declaration of facing 500,000 or more Iraq, personnel, stated, between debating now or debat­ war; call it statutory authorization; with an effect on American foreign pol­ ing after the 23d, as the Senator from call it what you want. It is a constitu­ icy and our lives and our children's Iowa stated incorrectly, or, as the Sen­ tional power, and that should be de­ lives for 40 years. And that is depend­ ator from Washington stated incor­ bated before January 15. Give me the ent upon the President knowing he has rectly, debating now or debating after date. I will be here. But the majority January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11 leader is not giving me an alternative. lected it because that is what he is THE PERSIAN GULF CRISIS He is saying, "I may do it." keyed on. Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I love the majority leader. He is a I am not trying to run his war for amidst George Bush's bellicose rhetoric great man. But he is going to be con­ him because he may have it on one day toward Iraq, two charges are fre­ sul ting with the minority leader; he is or another. But I just know that after quently heard: First, that Congress is going to be consulting with the Presi­ January 15, he says he can start shoot­ playing it both ways-all criticism and dent. I, as one Senator, one Senator­ ing, and the Congress has to move be­ no stand; and second, that we must and I guess I am joined by a second, fore that date. move prompty to war lest the Amer­ and I hope by a majority-believe that Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, will ican people lose their interest in liber­ this Congress, which has been out of the Senator permit me? ating Kuwait. session for months while this has hap­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. From the outset of this crisis, I have pened, should state to the President, LIEBERMAN). The majority leader has counseled that we must recall the les­ "You must come up here." the floor. sons of the Vietnam war. In September, I know· you believe it. I believe it. Mr. MITCHELL. I withdraw request I stated that we should Arabize this Maybe a lot do not believe it. But this No.12. confrontation before we lose a single is war, with 500,000 troops and a lot of Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ GI. The history of this region teaches casualties. I have heard it stated, and I sent that requests 1 through 11 be ap­ us that by winning, we could lose. Our believe it, by Senator INOUYE-he and I proved. policy must be long range rather than said the same thing when we left this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there shortsighted. Congress--"This looks like a shooting objection? Far from people losing interest in the war." And if it is, why not tell the Without objection, it is so ordered. Persian Gulf, it strikes me that people Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I sug­ are only now beginning to examine this President that-that is all we want to gest the absence of a quorum. do-so this is part of his calculations, situation with a sense of urgency, and The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. I can tell you that they do not support that he has to get that statement of a KERREY). The clerk will call the roll. declaration of war or an authorization President Bush's policy of going to war The assistant legislative clerk pro­ soon after January 15. By the same of war? ceeded to call the roll. Most of us may believe in something token, I strongly dissent from the Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I ask proposition that if President Bush else, to use sanctions, but that is not unanimous consent that the order for the point here. The point here is the starts a war without constitutional or the quorum call be rescinded. congressional authority, the Congress constitutional statement by this body The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. prior to January 15, which the Presi­ should cut off funding. We only have KOHL). Without objection, it is so or­ one President. If he commands war, we dent indicates is when he is going to dered. start shooting, that we have to author­ must support our troops in the gulf and Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, pre­ oppose any move to cut off funds. But ize that. I think that is fundamental to viously scheduled for this afternoon the life of the people in this country, it I do oppose the President's giviilg that were a briefing for all Senators on the command at this time. is fundamental of this institution, and Persian Gulf situation at 3:15 p.m., to A word of caution from my days as it is fundamental of the Congress as a be followed by a party caucus. Those an artilleryman in the North African whole, Mr. Majority Leader. have been on the schedule for some desert nearly five decades ago: No mat­ So I plead with the majority leader, weeks. We will now be proceeding to ter how well the gun is aimed, if the re­ either give us a date, or I am going to those functions. In the meantime, it is coil is going to kill you, you had better object to the unanimous-consent re­ my hope that we can work out the mat­ not fire. I take a lot of pride in the quest. ter with respect to the question of res­ courage and can-do professionalism of Mr. MITCHELL. If I might, first, just olutions. So following consultation American troops in the Persian Gulf. so there can be no misunderstanding, I with Republican leader and with other Likewise, I believe we owe it to those believe the Senator has Senators, I will momentarily seek con­ brave men and women to approach a mischaracterized the President's posi­ sent to have the Senate stand in recess war with Iraq with no illusions and no tion. I do not believe the President has subject to the call of the Chair. It is wishful thinking. As we count down to stated he is going to start shooting on my expectation that we will return, if a potential January 15 D-day, bear in January 15. I believe the President has the briefing lasts an hour and the cau­ mind two lessons from our Vietnam said over and over again that January cus lasts an hour, both of which are misadventure: 15 is the date by which the withdrawal reasonable, based upon past practice, Before we ask our youth to make the must occur, and that after that-no about sometime between 5 and 6 or supreme sacrifice in battle, the Amer­ specified time-after that he believes thereabouts when we would be in a po­ ican people-through unified action of that all means necessary will and sition to come back in and proceed to the Congress and the President-must should be used. resolve the issue that arose prior to the be together on the call. Now, just in fairness, we ought not to recent quorum call. I hope that we will You cannot impose a culture through be permitting that kind of character­ be able to have that resolved in a satis­ the barrel of a gun. ization which the Senator has stated. factory manner to all Senators. President Bush acted correctly in Mr. ADAMS. Will the majority leader In the interim, to permit the briefing preventing Saddam from advancing agree that there is some basis for my and the party caucuses to occur as pre­ into Saudi Arabia. Congress by formal characterization that the President has viously scheduled, I ask unanimous resolution approved this deployment indicated a use of force after that date? consent-I withhold my request at this and also approved sanctions against I mean, this is not something I have moment. Iraq. At that time, President Bush dreamed up. Mr. FORD addressed the Chair. counseled patience, and cautioned that Mr. MITCHELL. That is different The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ sanctions would take 1 to 2 years to from saying he is going to start shoot­ ator from Kentucky. work. But on November 8, the day after ing on January 15. That is fundamen­ Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I ask unan­ election day, without consultation tally different and we ought to state it imous consent that the signer assigned much less approval from Congress, the accurately, particularly on a matter of to the Sergeant at Arms office be al­ President committed the United States such gravity. lowed the privilege of the floor, begin­ to deploying a huge offensive force in Mr. ADAMS. The probability or pos­ ning from 12 noon this date. the Persian Gulf. In August, we were sibility the authorization-all of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without there to defend. But in November we keys have gone to January 15. I did not objection, it is so ordered. were there to initiate a war. The Presi­ select that date out of the air. I se- Mr. FORD. I thank the Chair. dent says our cause is to punish naked 12 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 aggression. Senate Republican leader under the Ottoman Empire. At the end food purchases, Iraq built a huge mili­ ROBERT DOLE says the reason is not ag­ of World War I, the British took Ku­ tary. The United States Senate acted gression, but oil. Secretary of State wait on as a protectorate-for oil. on July 25 to deny further agricultural James Baker says the reason is jobs. When Iraq started to invade Kuwait in credits to Iraq, but the Bush adminis­ It is an .ancient truth that those who 1961, the British sent troops. The oil tration opposed this move. During the ignore the mistakes of history are fields of Al Raudhatain and Sabriya floor debate, a Senate delegation that doomed to repeat them. For centuries, have operated under a joint Iraqi-Ku­ had recently returned from Iraq char­ the Arab nation has been in a state of wai ti claim. For years, Iraq has ac­ acterized Saddam as "a man who is ra­ civil war: Algeria versus Morocco; cused Kuwait of cheating by drilling tional and a man who can be reasoned Libya versus Egypt; Syria versus Leb­ into the Iraqi portion of the oil fields. with." anon; Syria versus Iraq; Iraq versus This dispute came to a climax at the This same Saddam Hussein is now non-Arab Iran; Egypt vesus Saudi Ara­ end of the Iran-Iraq war 2 years ago. called the new Hitler by President bia; Yemen versus Saudi Arabia, and, Both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait made Bush. The trouble is that the Middle from the time both 'Countries were massive loans to Iraq to finance the 8- East is chock full of actual or potential carved out by Britain, Iraq versus Ku­ year war. Saudi Arabia forgave its Hitlers. To draw a more complete anal­ wait. Yet for all these internecine share of the debt, saying that Iraq had ogy to the 1930's, you could character­ hatreds, the Arab nation does agree on protected the Arab world from the ize Qadhafi of Libya as Hitler, Assad of one thing: The Islamic religion, and threat of Iranian radicalism. But Ku­ Syria as Stalin, and Saddam as Musso­ the status of Westerners as unholy wait insisted that Saddam pay up $20 lini. If we remove Saddam, there are infidels. And, by the way, we Ameri­ billion. This claim wrecked Iraqi's fi­ countless clones behind him. Yes, we cans are the No. 1 infidels, and our cul­ nances, and led Saddam to attack. would all love to get rid of Saddam, as ture is an affront to everything devout On July 27, Saddam called in April well as his chemical, biological, and Moslems hold dear. Glaspie, the United States Ambassador nuclear weapons, but experts warn of Our culture is for freedom, human to Iraq. When asked the United States the disastrous long-term consequences rights, individualism, dissent, and free position on the Iraq-Kuwait dispute, of humiliating an Arab country elections. Free elections simply don't Glaspie answered: "The United States through total military defeat. Yet how exist in the Arab world. The Islamic has no position on the territorial dis­ we can remove Saddam and his exotic notion of human rights is that when a putes between Arab countries." Given arsenal without first inflicting a total child steals an apple, he gets his hand this indifference or ambivalence prior military defeat is beyond me. cut off. Human rights is treating their to August 2, Saddam must have been President Bush attempts to stir our camels better than their women. surprised when, after the invasion, righteous indignation by pointing out American Presidents have a hard President Bush belatedly declared Ku­ that Saddam has used his military to time learning these cultural lessons. wait's integrity to be a vital national attack two of his neighbors in the last Lyndon Johnson dreamed he could get interest of the United States, justify­ 10 years. But that is precisely the the South Vietnamese to fight for our ing war and the loss of American lives. charge leveled against the United idea of democracy. We poured money If it is now U.S. policy to militarily States by the United Nations General into Vietnam to win hearts and minds. oppose naked aggression anywhere in Assembly, which twice in the last dec­ But the Vietnamese culture rejected us the world, then the 82d Airborne is ade has condemned the United States as foreign occupiers-as infidels, if you going to be a very busy group of men for invading another country-Grenada will-and after 58,000 dead, we with­ and women for years to come. Three in 1983, Panama in 1989. Incidentally, in drew. weeks ago, there was Libyan-backed both instances, Kuwait voted in the For decades, American policymakers naked aggression against Chad; we sent United Nations to condemn the Amer­ viewed Iran and the Shah's regime as military planes to evacuate friendly ican invasions. This shouldn't surprise our bulwark in the Middle East. The Libyan troops, but not to punish naked us, because Kuwait has voted against United States military, the CIA, and aggression. There is naked aggression United States positions in the United American business all had a special re­ in Afghanistan, in Cambodia, on the In­ Nations more often than the Soviet lationship with Iran. Iranian cadets dian-Pakistani border, but no United Union. trained at Citadel. But all this was States intervention. One month ago, Kuwait, bathed in unearned oil smashed overnight in 1979 as Iran's tra­ there was naked aggression by Syria weal th, was indolent, arrogant, and ditional Islamic culture reasserted it­ against Lebanon-a massacre of 900 spoiled. When attacked, most of its self. Today, you can count on one Christians-but no United States inter­ army cut and ran. NBC .recently re­ thing; Iranians despise the United vention. It is absurd to think that the ported that 300,000 Kuwaitis have now States infidels and cheer our every set­ United States can or should intervene relocated to Saudi Arabia, and only a back. to punish aggression unless our vital pathetic 7,000 have volunteered to fight President Bush's political rhetoric national interest is directly at stake. for the liberation of their country. The of-to use his own words-"kicking Our national interest was not at stake Kuwaiti Government's idea of resist­ ass" entails what Gen. Colin Powell in Kuwait when Ambassador Glaspie­ ance is to hire a top-dollar public rela­ calls a sudden, massive, violent strike, following clear instructions from the tions firm, Hill and Knowlton, to sell with countless thousands of Iraqis State Department-had her chat with the American public on liberating Ku­ killed. Such a wholesale slaughter of Saddam in July. And it is not at stake wait. The United States got unsold on brother Arabs by infidels would quick­ today. Kuwait in 1987, when we were flagging ly break up the hollow coalition of Militarily, the only sane approach to that nation's oil tankers to ensure Western and Arab states arrayed freeing Kuwait is not a frontal assault their safe passage through the Persian against Saddam. Arab public opinion on fortified Iraqi positions, but a flank­ Gulf during the Iran-Iraq war. When would be united in revulsion and out­ ing action requiring incursions into the U.S.S. Stark was hit, the injured rage. Every Arab terrorist, every fun­ Iraq in order to attack the occupation sailors could not be taken to hospitals damentalist mullah, every anti-Amer­ army from its rear. Yet all of our Arab in nearby Kuwait. Kuwait refused to ican zealot, would take heart. Instead allies, and Turkey as well, have made allow a United States vessel to dock in of a new world order, we will create a it clear that they will not participate Kuwaiti ports, or for United States new world disorder. This is what Admi­ in an attack into Iraq. planes to land on Kuwaiti soil. ral Crowe had in mind when he warned The Reagan-Bush policy has been one If Kuwait's major export were tan­ that by winning, the United States of wooing Saddam for the past 5 years. gerines, we would not today have up­ could lose. The United States subsidized sales of ward to 400,000 GI's in the Persian Gulf Iraq has asserted claims on Kuwait wheat to Iraq to the tune of over $5 bil­ area. We are there for oil, pure and from its birth. They were one country lion. Helped by the savings from these simple. And we need not be. The United January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 13 States has more oil than Saudi Arabia. posing our will on the Arab world, and sands of American soldiers may soon be Under Republican and Democratic ad­ we court tragedy if we try. dead because of him. ministration alike in the 1970's, the When the Founding Fathers wrote United States pursued a policy of en­ the Constitution, they recognized the ergy independence. But when President PERSIAN GULF danger that unrestrained Presidential Reagan and Vice President Bush came Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, rarely power can lead the Nation into unwise to town, they moved to abolish the De­ in the history of the Nation has a new wars which the people do not support. partment of Energy. "Let the market Congress convened at a more ominous As a result, they carefully divided the forces operate" was the cry. Imagine moment. Hundreds of thousands of war making power between Congress that! Let the Arab-dominated OPEC American troops are poised for war in and the President. Article II of the cartel have free rein. And now we are the Persian Gulf. America today faces Constitution makes the President the asked to sacrifice GI's for one of the the most profound decision that any Commander in Chief of the Armed greediest members of that cartel, Ku­ country ever makes-whether to go to Forces. Article I gives Congress, and wait. Kuwait cut off oil shipments to war against another nation. only Congress, the power to declare the United States in 1967 and 1973, and The oath of office that President war-no ifs, ands, or buts. doubled the price in 1979. Bush took 2 years ago and that the new Much has been made of the so-called When President Bush began deploy­ Senators have just taken is a solemn ing troops in August, he was asked commitment to support and defend the 211 past incidents in which the United about the need for a U.S. energy policy. Constitution of the United States. Two States has used force abroad without a He replied that he was going on a ride hundred years ago, when the Founding declaration of war, compared to five in­ in his !-mile-a-gallon cigarette boat. Fathers wrote that Constitution, they stances in which war was declared. But The message: no need for conservation. bestowed the power to declare war on none of these cases resemble the un­ In September, when Senators proposed Congress, not the President. And any precedented situation in the Persian stricter automobile fuel efficiency President who is faithful to the Con­ Gulf, in which 400,000 American troops standards, a measure that would have stitution will abide by that fundamen­ may soon go to war. saved a quantity of oil equal to the tal principle. The vast majority of these past cases daily production of Iraq and Kuwait All of us welcome the administra­ were brief incidents involving small ex­ combined, the Bush administration op­ tion's new offer today to seek a diplo­ peditions to protect U.S. citizens in posed the bill. Surely, we should make matic settlement and bring about a danger or to attack pirates. a minimum sacrifice at home before we peaceful resolution of the current im­ In 1813, 600 United States soldiers ask our boys to make the supreme sac­ passe. The world continues to be united seized Mobile Bay in Florida against a rifice in Kuwait. against Iraq's aggression and in sup­ small Spanish garrison. We should immediately institute a port of the unconditional withdrawal of In 1820, U.S. naval units raided the tough, long-range policy of energy Iraq from Kuwait. Once that with­ slave traffic. independence. This policy should in­ drawal is achieved, the door is open to In 1825, United States forces landed clude an oil import tax as an incentive address all other issues in the region. in Cuba to capture pirates. for domestic drilling, tougher auto­ But the American people are far from We sent troops to the Fiji Islands in mobile fuel economy standards, other united on the question of going to war 1840 to punish natives for attacking fuel conservation measures, incentives against Iraq on the January 15 time­ American explorers. for coal-fired energy production, great­ table set by the President. President We sent troops to the Hawaiian Is­ er reliance on nuclear power, plus more George Bush is not King George Bush. lands in 1870 to place the American flag aggressive drilling offshore and in He does not have the unilateral author­ at half mast upon the death of a Ha­ Alaska. Today, however, we are not ity to take this Nation into war. By re­ waiian Queen, when the American con­ primarily dependent on Middle Eastern fusing to seek congressional authoriza­ sul refused to do so. oil. Japan, Germany, other European tion for offensive action, the President And so it goes. Such incidents are countries are. Yet apparently even is acting unconstitutionally and irre­ worthless as constitutional precedents they do not perceive that Kuwait is sponsibly. He may threaten Iraq with for the grave crisis we now face in the worth fighting over. war in the gulf, but he is also threaten­ Persian Gulf. You do not have to be a We have stopped Saddam and are ing America with our worst constitu­ constitutional lawyer to understand willing to keep our Air Force and Navy tional crisis since the Civil War. the difference. Presidents have the au­ on station in the gulf region. Face it, Yesterday, I released a letter signed thority to protect American lives and Uncle Sam is broke. We urgently need by 127 of the Nation's most distin­ defend American property. But they do to rebuild America, not Kuwait. guished law professors, representing a Let the sanctions work. In the mean­ broad philosophical spectrum and stat­ not have the authority to go to war in time, we can stand ready to punish ing their "firm conviction that the the vastly different circumstances we Saddam with overwhelming air power. Constitution requires the President to face in the gulf. General Dugan was right, and he never obtain prior express congressional au­ Unless President Bush provides an should have been fired. But first and thorization before he may order U.S. ironclad assurance that he will seek foremost, let us urgently Arabize this Armed Forces to make war in the Per­ the authority of Congress before going latest dispute among Arab nations. sian Gulf." I expect that many more to war against Iraq, Congress has its This is a family fight, and infidels are authorities on the Constitution will own responsibility to act. We cannot fools if they think they can step in and sign the letter in the coming days. This remain silent. set things straight. is a time when all Americans who care My own view is that we should enact Let Arab forces gradually replace our about the Constitution must stand up legislation giving sanctions and diplo­ own troops in Saudi Arabia. Then and be counted. macy more time to work. No one make a standing offer that if Arab President Bush stubbornly insists knows whether sanctions will drive forces want to go in to free Kuwait, we that he needs no authorization from Saddam out of Kuwait. But we have a will support them with our air and Congress to take the Nation into war. responsibility to our 400,000 troops and naval power. But it must be an Arab But saying so does not make it so. Per­ their families to find out. initiative. And any war must be prin­ haps the President can scrounge up a Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ cipally Arab versus Arab if we are to scholar or two to defend his indefensi­ sent that the previously mentioned let­ avoid disaster in the long-run for Unit­ ble position. But the overwhelming ter, along with a CRS report detailing ed States interests. Let us bear in mind weight of the evidence is against him. the instances of use of U.S. Armed that as outsider&-worse, as infidels in And for good reason, because the Presi­ Forces abroad over the last 200 years, Arab eyes-we can never succeed in im- dent· is wrong-dead wrong-and thou- may be printed in the RECORD. 14 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 There being no objection, the mate­ Dean Richard L. Aynes, University of Prof. Michael J. Glennon, University of rial was ordered to be printed in the Akron Law Center. California at Davis School of Law. RECORD, as follows: Prof. Milner S. Ball, University of Georgia Dean Howard Alan Glickstein, Touro Col­ School of Law. JANUARY 2, 1991. lege, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center. Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Prof. William C. Banks, Syracuse Univer­ Prof. Dale D. Goble, University of Idaho U.S. Senate, sity College of Law. College of Law. Prof. Jerome A. Barron, George Washing­ Prof. Alvin L. Goldman, University of Ken­ Washington, DC. ton University National Law Center. DEAR SENATOR KENNEDY: We, the under­ tucky College of Law. Prof. Loftus E. Becker, University of Con­ Prof. Joseph Goldstein, Yale Law School. signed law professors, write to express our necticut School of Law. firm conviction that the Constitution re­ Prof. Stephen E. Gottlieb, Albany Law Prof. Francis X. Beytagh, Ohio State Uni­ School. quires the President to obtain prior express versity College of Law. congressional authorization before he may Prof. William Benjamin Gould, Stanford Prof. Norman Birnbaum, Georgetown Uni­ Law School. order United States armed forces to make versity Law Center. Prof. Frank P. Grad, Columbia University war in the Persian Gulf. We write to affirm Prof. Vincent A. Blasi, Columbia Univer­ School of Law. our belief in this fundamental constitutional sity School of Law. Prof. Edward de Grazia, Benjamin N. principle, not to express our views on the Prof. Michael H. Botein, New York Law Cardozo School of Law. wisdom of any contemplated action. School. Dean Erwin N. Griswold, Jones, Day, Article I, §8, cl. 11 of the Constitution Prof. Henry J. Bourguignon, University of Reavis & Pogua. states that "Congress shall have Power* * * Toledo College of Law. Prof. Gerald Gunther, Stanford Law (t]o declare War." Although Article II, §2, cl. Prof. Dean M. Braveman, Syracuse Univer­ School. 1 names the President as "Commander in sity College of Law. Prof. Lawrence Herman, Ohio State Uni­ Chief of the -Army and Navy," we believe Dean Paul Brest, Stanford Law School. versity College of Law. that the President may not invoke that au­ Prof. Abner Brodie, University of Wiscon­ Prof. Richard A. Hesse, Franklin Pierce thority to make war without consulting with sin Law School. Law Center. and gaining the genuine approval of Con­ Prof. Mark R. Brown, Stetson University Prof. Howard Owen Hunter, Emory Univer­ gress. College of Law. sity School of Law. The structure and history of our Constitu­ Prof. Rebecca L. Brown, Vanderbilt Univ. Prof. Stewart Jay, University of Washing­ tion compel this sharing of responsibility. School of Law. ton School of Law. Like other presidential powers, executive Prof. Victor Brudney, Harvard University Prof. David Kader, Arizona State Univer­ power to conduct war remains subject to the Law School. sity College of Law. checks and balances vested by the Constitu­ Prof. John M. Burkoff, University of Pitts­ Prof. David Kairys, Temple University tion in Congress and the courts. "This sys­ burgh School of Law. School of Law. tem" in James Wilson's wor:ds, "will not Prof. Michael Metcalf Burns, Nova Univ. Dean Stephen Kanter, Lewis and Clark hurry us into war; it is calculated to guard Center for the Study of Law. School of Law. against it. It will not be in the power of a Prof. Stephen Bycus, Vermont Law School. Prof. Kenneth L. Karst, UCLA School of single man, or a single body of men, to in­ Prof. Anthony Chase, Nova Univ. Center Law. volve us in such distress; for the important for the Study of Law. Prof. Robert B. Keiter, University of Wyo­ power of declaring war is vested in the legis­ Prof. Abram Chayes, Harvard Law School. Prof. Erwin Chemerinsky, University of ming College of Law. lature at large * * *." 2 The Debates in the Prof. Harold H. Koh, Yale Law School. Several State Conventions on the Adoption of Southern California Law Center. Prof. David M. Cobin, Hamline University Prof. Harold L. Korn, Columbia University the Federal Constitution 528 (J. Elliot ed. 1888). School of Law. The fact that American troops have in the School of Law. Prof. Neil Howard Cogan, Southern Meth­ Prof. Karl Krastin, Nova Univ. Center for past participated in hostilities abroad with­ the Study of Law. out congressional authorization does not odist University School of Law. Prof. Sherman L. Cohn, Georgetown Uni­ Prof. Philip B. Kurland, University of Chi­ alter this fundamental constitutional prin­ cago Law School. ciple. The essential meaning of a constitu­ versity Law Center. Prof. Joseph L. Daly, Hamline Univ. Prof. Arthur R. Landever, Cleveland-Mar­ tional provision cannot be altered by inac­ shall College of Law. tion on the part of prior Congresses or Presi­ School of Law. Prof. Lori Fisler Damrosch, Columbia Uni­ Prof. Stephen Lellmann, Columbia Univer­ dents. sity School of Law. The Constitution thus requires that the versity School of Law. Prof. George Dargo, New England School of Prof. Sanford Levinson, University of President meaningfully consult with Con­ Texas School of Law. gress and receive its affirmative authoriza­ Law. Prof. Walter E. Dellinger, Duke University Prof. Michael E. Libonati, Temple Univer­ tion before engaging in acts of war. We fur­ sity School of Law. ther believe that Congress must manifest its School of Law. Prof. Norman Dorsen, New York Univer­ Prof. Bert B. Lockwood, University of Cin­ approval through formal action, not legisla­ cinnati College of Law. tive silence, stray remarks of individual sity School of Law. Prof. Theodore Eisenberg, Cornell Law Prof. David Andrew Logan, Wake Forest Members, or collateral legislative activity Univ. School of Law. that the President or a court might construe School. Prof. John Hart Ely, Stanford Law School. Prof. Ian MacNeil, Northwestern Univer­ to constitute "acquiescence" in executive sity School of Law. acts. Prof. Alfred C. Emery, University of Utah College of Law. Prof. Michael Peter Madow, Brooklyn Law We hope that our views will assist you and School. your colleagues as you prepare to discharge Prof. William Nichol Eskridge, Georgetown University Law Center. Prof. Lawrence C. Marshall, Northwestern your constitutional responsibilities in this University School of Law. critical time for our Nation. Prof. Samuel D. Estep, University of Michigan Law School. Prof. Alan A. Matheson, University of Ari­ Sincerely,* zona College of Law. Prof. Richard I. Aaron, University of Utah Prof. Nancy Fink, Brooklyn Law School. Prof. Edwin Brown Firmage, University of Prof. Scott M. Matheson, Univ. of Utah College of Law. College of Law. Prof. Bruce A. Ackerman, Yale Law Utah College of Law. Prof. Robert Flores, University of Utah Prof. Wayne McCormack, University of School. College of Law. Utah College of Law. Prof. T. Alexander Aleinikoff, University Prof. John J. Flynn, University of Utah Prof. Patrick Charles McGinley, West Vir­ of Michigan Law School. College of Law. ginia Univ. College of Law. Prof. Lawrence Alan Alexander, University Prof. Michael Flynn, Nova Univ. Center for Prof. Frank I. Michelman, Harvard Univer­ of San Diego School of Law. the Study of Law. sity Law School. Prof. Reginald H. Alleyne, UCLA School of Prof. Ray Forrester, Hastings College of Prof. Martha I. Morgan, University of Ala­ Law. the Law. bama School of Law. Prof. Akhil Reed Amar, Yale Law School. Prof. John Hope Franklin, Duke Univer­ Prof. Mary Jane Morrison, Hamline Uni­ Prof. John B. Anderson, Nova Univ. Center sity School of Law. versity School of Law. for the Study of Law. Prof. Kenneth Stuart Gallant, University Prof. Kent J. Neumeister, Creighton Univ. Prof. Frank Askin, Rutgers Univ. Law Cen­ of Idaho College of Law. School of Law. ter. Prof. Diane Geraghty, Loyola University Prof. Michael J. Palelle,. John Marshall School of Law, Chicago. Law School. *We sign this letter on our own behalf and not as Prof. Daniel G. Gibbens, Univ. of Okla­ Prof. Michael John Perry, Northwestern representatives of our respective schools. homa Law Center. University School of Law. January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 15 Prof. Daniel H. Pollitt, University of North citizens or promote U.S. interests. The list manner that his measures were disavowed by Carolina School of Law. does not include covert actions or numerous the President. Prof. Philip J. Prygoski, Thomas M. instances in which U.S. forces have been sta­ 1812-15-War of 1812. On June 18, 1812, the Cooley Law School. tioned abroad since World War II in occupa­ United States declared war between the Unit· Prof. Peter E. Quint, University of Mary­ tion forces or for participation in mutual se­ ed States and the United Kingdom of Great land School of Law. curity organizations, base agreements, or Britain and Ireland. Prof. William Rich, Washburn University routine military assistance or training oper­ 1818---West Florida (Spanish territory). On au­ School of Law. ations. Because of differing judgments over thority given by Congress, General Prof. William Douglas Rich, University of the actions to be included, other lists may Wilkinson seized Mobile Bay in April with Akron Law Center. include more or fewer instances.2 600 soldiers. A small Spanish garrison gave Prof. Lauren K. Robel, Indiana Univ. The instances vary greatly in size of oper­ way. Thus U.S. advanced into disputed terri­ School of Law. ation, legal authorization, and significance. tory to the Perdido River, as projected in Prof. David L. Rosenhan, Stanford Law The number of troops involved range from a 1810. No fighting. School. few sailors or Marines landed to protect 1818-14-Marquesas Islands. Built a fort on Prof. Rosemary C. Salomone, St. Johns American lives and property to hundreds of island of Nukahiva to protect three prize School of Law. thousands in Vietnam and millions in world ships which had been captured from the Prof. Arpiar G. Saunders, Franklin Pierce War II. Some actions were of short duration British. Law Center. and some lasted a number of years. In some 1814-Spanish Florida. Gen. Andrew Jackson Prof. Elizabeth M. Schneider, Brooklyn instances a military officer acted without Law School. took Pensacola and drove out the British Prof. (Emeritus) Kevin Sheard, Cleveland­ authorization; some actions were conducted with whom the United States was at war. Marshall College of Law. solely under the President's powers as Chief 1814-25-Caribbean. Engagements between Prof. Robert H. Skilton, University of Wis­ Executive or Commander in Chief; other in­ pirates and American ships or squadrons consin Law School. stances were authorized by Congress in some took place repeatedly especially ashore and Prof. Steven Douglas Smith, Univ. of Colo­ fashion; five (listed in bold-face type) were offshore about Cuba, Puerto Rico, Santo Do­ rado School of Law. declared wars. For most of the instances list­ mingo, and Yucatan. Three thousand priate Prof. Girardeau A. Spann, Georgetown Uni­ ed, however, the status of the action under attacks on merchantmen were reported be­ versity Law Center. domestic or international law has not been tween 1815 and 1823. In 1822 Commodore Dean Joan E. Steinman, Chicago-Kent Col­ addressed. Thus inclusion in this list does James Biddle employed a squadron of two lege of Law. not cannote either legality or significance. frigates, four sloops of war, two brigs, four Prof. John A. Strait, Univ. of Puget Sound 1798-1800-Undeclared Naval War with schooners, and two gunboats in the West School of Law. France. This contest included land actions, Indies. Prof. Kathleen M. Sullivan, Harvard Uni­ such as that in the Dominican Republic, city 1815-Algiers. The second Barbary War, de­ versity Law School. of Puerto Plata, where marines captured a clared by the opponents but not by the Unit­ Prof. Allen Sultan, University of Dayton French privateer under the guns of the forts. ed States. Congress authorized an expedi­ School of Law. 1801-05-Tripoli. The First Barbary War, in­ tion. A large fleet under Decatur attacked Prof. Cass Sunstein, University of Chicago cluding the George Washington and Philadel­ Algiers and obtained indemnities. School of Law. phia affairs and the Eaton expedition, during 1815-Tripoli. After securing an agreement Prof. Nadine Taub, Rutgers Univ. Law Cen­ which a few marines landed with United from Algiers, Decatur demonstrated with his ter. States Agent William Eaton to raise a force squadron at Tunis and Tripoli, where he se­ Prof. Ruti G. Teitel, New York Law against Tripoli in an effort to free the crew cured indemnities for offenses during the School. of the Philadelphia. Tripoli declared war but War of 1812. Prof. Lee Teitelbaum, Univ. of Utah Col­ not the United States. 1816-Spanish Florida. United States forces lege of Law. 1806-Mexico (Spanish territory). Capt. Z. M. destroyed Nicholls Fort, called also Negro Prof. Laurence H. Tribe, Harvard Law Pike, with a platoon of troops, invaded Span­ Fort, which harbored raiders making forays School. ish territory at the headwaters of the Rio into United States territory. Prof. Mark V. Tushnet, Georgetown Uni­ Grande deliberately and on orders from Gen. 1816--18---Spanish Florida-First Seminole versity Law Center. James Wilkinson. He was made prisoner War. The Seminole Indians, whose area was a Prof. Jonathan D. Varat, UCLA School of without resistance at a fort he constructed resort for escaped slaves and border ruffians, Law. in present day Colorado, taken to Mexico, were attacked by troops under Generals Prof. Howard John Vogel, Hamline Univer­ later released after seizure of his papers. Jackson and Gaines and pursued into north­ sity School of Law. 1806-10--Gulf of Mexico. American gunboats ern Florida. Spanish posts were attacked and Prof. Jonathan Weinberg, Wayne State operated from New Orleans against Spanish occupied, British citizens executed. University Law School. and French privateers, such as La Fitte, off 1817-Amelia Island (Spanish territory off Prof. James Weinstein, Arizona State Uni­ the Mississippi Delta, chiefly under Capt. Florida). Under orders of President Monroe, versity College of Law. John Shaw and Master Commandant David United States forces landed and expelled a Prof. Burns H. Weston, University of Iowa Porter. group of smugglers, adventurers, and College of Law. 1810---West Florida (Spanish territory). Gov. freebooters. Prof. William M. Wiecek, Syracuse Univer­ Claiborne of Louisiana, on orders of the 1818---0regon. The U.S.S. Ontario, dis­ sity College of Law. President, occupied with troops territory in patched from Washington, landed at the Co­ Prof. Michael B. Wise, Willamette Univer­ dispute east of Mississippi as far as the Pearl River, later the eastern boundary of Louisi­ lumbia River and in August took possession. sity College of Law. Britian had conceded sovereignty but Russia (List in process of formation.) ana. He was authorized to seize as far east as the Perdido River. and Spain asserted claims to the area.. 1820-23-Africa. Naval units raided the [CRS Report for Congress, Dec. 4, 1989) 1812-Amelia Island and other parts of east Florida, then under Spain. Temporary posses­ slave traffic pursuant to the 1819 act of Con­ INSTANCES OF USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED gress. FORCES ABROAD, 1798-19891 sion was authorized by President Madison and by Congress, to prevent occupation by 1822-Cuba. United States naval forces sup­ (Edited by Ellen C. Collier, Specialist in U.S. pressing piracy landed on the northwest Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs and Na­ any other power; but possession was obtained by Gen. George Matthews in so irregular a coast of Cuba and burned a private station. tional Defense Division) 1823-Cuba. Brief landings in pursuit of pi­ The following list indicates approximately rates occurred April 8 near Escondido; April 215 times that the United States has utilized 2other lists include: Goldwater, Senator Barry. 16 near Cayo Blanco; July 11 at Siquapa Bay; military forces abroad in situations of con­ War Without Declaration. A Chronological List of July 21 at Cape Cruz; and October 23 at flict or potential conflict to protect U.S. 199 U.S. Military Hostilities Abroad Without a Dec­ Camrioca. laration of War. 1798-1972. Congressional Record, V. 119, July 20, 1973: S14174-14183; U.S. Department of 1824-Cuba. In October the U.S.S. Porpoise IThis list through 1975 is reprinted with few State. Armed Actions Taken by the United States landed bluejackets near Matanzas in pursuit changes from: U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Without a Declaration of War, 1789-1967. Research of pirates. This was during the cruise author­ International Relations [now Foreign Affairs]. Sub­ Project 806A. Historical Studies Division. Bureau of ized in 1822. committee on International Security and Scientific Public Affairs. For a discussion of the evolution of 1824-Puerto Rico (Spanish territory). Com­ Affairs. Background Information on the Use of U.S. the lists and legal authorization for various actions, modore David Porter with a landing party Armed Forces in Foreign Countries, 1975 Revision. see Wormuth, Francis D. and Edwin B. Firmage, To Committee print, 94th Congress, 1st session. Pre­ Chain the Dog of War; the War Power of Congress in attacked the town of Fajardo which had pared by the Foreign Affairs Division, Congressional History and Law. Dallas, Southern Methodist Uni­ sheltered pirates and insulted American Research Service, Library of Congress. Washington, versity Press, 1986. Chapter 9, Lists of Wars. p. 133- naval officers. He landed with 200 men in No­ U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975. 84 p. 149. vember and forced an apology. 16 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 1825----Cuba. In March cooperating Amer­ 1853-54-Japan. The "opening of Japan" 1863-Japan-July 16. To redress an insult ican and British forces landed at Sagua La and the Perry Expedition. to the American flag-firing on an American Grande to capture pirates. 1853-54-Ryukyu and Bonin Islands. Com­ vessel-at Shimonoseki. 1827-Greece. In October and November modore Perry on three visits before going to 1864-Japan-July 14 to August 3. To ·pro­ landing parties hunted pirates on the islands Japan and while waiting for a reply from tect the United States Minister to Japan of Argenteire, Miconi, and Androse. Japan made a naval demonstration, landing when he visited Yedo to negotiate concern­ 1831-32-Falkland Islands. To investigate marines twice, and secured a coaling conces­ ing some American claims against Japan, the capture of three American sealing ves­ sion from the ruler of Naha on Okinawa; he and to make his negotiations easier by im­ sels and to protect American interests. also demonstrated in the Bonin Islands with pressing the Japanese with American power. 1832-Sumatra-February 6 to 9. To punish the purpose of securing facilities for com­ 1864-Japan-September 4 to 14. To compel natives of the town of Quallah Battoo for merce. Japan and the Prince of Nagata in particular depredations on American shipping. 1854-China-April 4 to June 15 to 17. To to permit the Straits of Shimonoseki to be 1833-Argentina-October 31 to November protect American interests in and near used by foreign shipping in accordance with 15. A force was sent ashore at Buenos Aires Shanghai during Chinese civil strife. treaties already signed. to protect the interests of the United States 1854-Nicaragua-July 9 to 15. San Juan del 1865---Panama-March 9 and 10. To protect and other countries during an insurrection. Norte (Greytown) was destroyed to avenge the lives and property of American residents 1835--36-Peru-December 10, 1835 to Janu­ an insult to the American Minister to Nica­ during a revolution. ary 24, 1836, and August 31 to December 7, ragua. 1866-Mexico. To protect American resi­ 1836. Marines protected American interests 1855-China-May 19 to 21. To protect dents, General Sedgwick and 100 men in No­ in Callao and Lima during an attempted rev­ American interests in Shanghai. August 3 to vember obtained surrender of Matamoras. olution. 4 to fight pirates near Hong Kong. After 3 days he was ordered by U.S. Govern­ !~Mexico. General Gaines occupied 1855-Fiji Islands-September 12 to Novem­ ment to withdraw. His act was repudiated by Nacogdoches (Tex.), disputed territory, from ber 4. To seek reparations for depredations the President. July to December during the Texan war for on Americans. 1866-China-June 20 to July 7. To punish independence, under orders to cross the 1855-Uruguay-November 25 to 29. United an assault on the American consul at "imaginary boundary line" if an Indian out­ States and European naval forces landed to Newchwang; July 14, for consultation with break threatened. protect American interests during an at­ authorities on shore; August 9, at Shanghai, 1838-39--Sumatra-December 24, 1838 to Jan­ tempted revolution in Montevideo. to help extinguish a serious fire in the city. uary 4, 1839. To punish natives of the towns 1856-Panama, Republic of New Grenada­ 1867-Nicaragua. Marines occupied Mana­ of Quallah Battoo and Muckie (Mukki) for September 19 to 22. To protect American in­ gua and Leon. depredations on American shipping. terests during an insurrection. 1867-Island of Formosa-June 13. To punish 1840-Fiji Islands-July. To punish natives 1856-China-October 22 to December 6. To a horde of savages who were supposed to for attacking American exploring and sur­ protect American interests at Canton during have murdered the crew of a wrecked Amer­ veying parties. hostilities between the British and the Chi­ ican vessel. 1841-Drummond Island, Kingsmill Group. To nese; and to avenge an unprovoked assault 1868---Japan (Osaka, Riolo, Nagasaki, Yoko­ avenge the murder of a seaman by the na­ upon an unarmed boat displaying the United hama, and Negata)-February 4 to 8 April 4 to tives. States flag. May 12, June 12 and 13. To protect American 1841-Samoa-February 24. To avenge the 1857-Nicaragua-April to May, November interests during the civil war in Japan over murder of an American seaman on Upolu Is­ to December. To oppose William Walker's at­ the abolition of the Shogunate and the res­ toration of the Mikado. land. tempt to get control of the country. In May 1868-Uruguay-February 7 and 8, 19 to 26. 1842-Mexico. Commodore T.A.C. Jones, in Commander C.H. Davis of the United States To protect foreign residents and the custom­ command of a squadron long cruising off Navy, with some marines, received Walker's house during an insurrection at Montevideo. California, occupied Monterey, Calif., on Oc­ surrender and protected his men from the re­ 1868-Colombia-April. To protect pas­ tober 19, believing war had come. He discov­ taliation of native allies who had been fight­ sengers and treasure in transit at Aspinwall ered peace, withdrew, and saluted. A similar ing Walker. In November and December of during the absence of local police or troops incident occurred a week later at San Diego. the same year United States vessels Sara­ on the occasion of the death of the President 1843-China. Sailors and marines from the toga, Wabash, and Fulton opposed another at­ of Colombia. St. Louis were landed after a clash between tempt of William Walker on Nicaragua. Com­ 18W-Mexico-June 17 and 18. To destroy Americans and Chinese at the trading post in modore Hiram Paulding's act of landing ma­ the pirate ship Forward, which had been run Canton. rines and compelling the removal of Walker aground about 40 miles up the Rio Tecapan. 1843-Africa-November 29 to December 16. to the United States, was tacitly disavowed 187(}-Hawaiian Islands-September 21. To Four United States vessels demonstrated and by Secretary of State Lewis Cass, and place the American flag at half mast upon landed various parties (one of 200 marines Paulding was forced into retirement. the death of Queen Kalama, when the Amer­ and sailors) to discourage piracy and the 1858-Uruguay-January 2 to 27. Forces ican consul at Honolulu would not assume slave trade along the Ivory coast, etc., and from two United States warships landed to responsibility for so doing. to punish attacks by the natives on Amer­ protect American property during a revolu­ 1871-Korea-June 10 to 12. To punish na­ ican seamen and shipping. tion in Montevideo. tives for depredations on Americans, particu­ 1844-Mexico. President Tyler deployed U.S. 1858-Fiji Islands-October 6 to 16. To chas­ larly for murdering the crew of the General forces to protect Texas against Mexico, pend­ tise the natives for the murder of two Amer­ Sherman and burning the schooner, and for ing Senate approval of a treaty of annex­ ican citizens. later firing on other American small boats ation. (Later rejected.) He defended his ac­ 1858-59-Turkey. Display of naval force taking soundings up the Salee River. tion against a Senate resolution of inquiry. along the Levant at the request of the Sec­ 1873-Colombia (Bay of Panama)-May 7 to 1846-48-Me:idcan War. On May 13, 1846, retary of State after massacre of Americans 22, September 23 to October 9. To protect the United States declared war with Me:idco. at Jaffa and mistreatment elsewhere "to re­ American interests during hostilities over 1849-Smyrna. In July a naval force gained mind the authorities (of Turkey) of the possession of the government of the State of release of an American seized by Austrian of­ power of the United States." Panama. ficials. 1859-Paraguay. Congress authorized a 1873-Mexico. United States troops crossed 1851-Turkey. After a massacre of foreign­ naval squadron to seek redress for an attack the Mexican border repeatedly in pursuit of ers (including Americans) at Jaffa in Janu­ on a naval vessel in the Parana River during cattle and other thieves. There were some re­ ary, a demonstration by the Mediterranean 1855. Apologies were made after a large dis­ ciprocal pursuits by Mexican troops into bor­ Squadron was ordered along the Turkish (Le­ play of force. der territory. The cases were only tech­ vant) coast. 1859-Mexico. Two hundred United States nically invasions, if that, although Mexico 1851-Johanns Island (east of Africa)-Au­ soldiers crossed the Rio Grande in pursuit of protested constantly. Notable cases were at gust. To exact redress for the unlawful im­ the Mexican bandit Cortina. Remolina in May 1873 and at Las Cuevas in prisonment of the captain of an American 1859--China-July 31 to August 2. For the 1875. Washington orders often supported whaling brig. protection of American interests in Shang­ these excursions. Agreements between Mex­ 1852-53-Argentina-February 3 to 12, 1852; hai. ico and the United States, the first in 1882, September 17, 1852 to April 1853. Marines 1860-Angola, Portuguese West Africa­ finally legitimized such raids. They contin­ were landed and maintained in Buenos Aires March 1. To protect American lives and prop­ ued intermittently, with minor disputes, to protect American interests during a revo­ erty at Kissembo when the natives became until 1896. lution. troublesome. 1874-Hawaiian Islands-February 12 to 20. 1853-Nicaragua-March 11 to 13. To protect 1860-Colombia, Bay of Panama-September To preserve order and protect American lives American lives and interests during political 27 to October 8. To protect American inter­ and interests during the coronation of a new disturbances. ests during a revolution. king. January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 17 1876-Mexico--May 18. To police the town of March 5, and at Bluefields a few weeks later 1911-Honduras--January 26 and some Matamoras temporarily while it was without in connection with the insurrection of Gen. weeks thereafter. To protect American lives other government. Juan P. Reyes. and interests during a civil war in Honduras. 1882-Egypt-July 14 to 18. To protect 1899-Samoa-March 13 to May 15. To pro­ 1911-China. Approaching stages of the na­ American interests during warfare between tect American interests and to take part in tionalist revolution. An ensign and 10 men in British and Egyptians and looting of the dty a bloody contention over the succession to October tried to enter Wuchang to rescue of Alexandria by Arabs. the throne. missionaries but retired on being warned 1885---Panama (Colon)-January 18 and 19. 1899-1901-Philippine Islands. To protect away. A small landing force guarded Amer­ To guard the valuables in transit over the American interests following the war with ican private property and consulate at Han­ Panama Railroad, and the safes and vaults of Spain, and to conquer the islands by defeat­ kow in October. A marine guard was estab­ the company during revolutionary activity. ing the Filipinos in their war for independ­ lished in November over the cable stations at In March, April, and May in the cities of ence. Shanghai. Landing forces were sent for pro­ Colon and Panama, to reestablish freedom of 1900-China-May 24 to September 28. To tection in Nanking, Chinkiang, Taku and transit during revolutionary activity. protect foreign lives during the Boxer rising, elsewhere. 1888-Korea-June. To protect American particularly at Peking. For many years after 1912-Honduras. Small force landed to pre­ residents in Seoul during unsettled political this experience a permanent legation guard vent seizure by the government of an Amer­ conditions, when an outbreak of the popu­ was maintained in Peking, and was strength­ ican-owned railroad at Puerto Cortez. Forces lace was expected. ened at times as trouble threatened. withdrawn after the United States dis­ 1888-Haiti-December 20. To persuade the 1901-Colombia (State of Panama)-Novem­ approved the action. Haitian Government to give up an American ber 20 to December 4. To protect American 1912-Panama. Troops, on request of both steamer which had been seized on the charge property on the Isthmus and to keep transit political parties, supervised elections outside of breach of blockade. lines open during serious revolutionary dis­ the Canal Zone. 1888--89-Samoa-November 14, 1888, to turbances. 1912-Cuba-June 5 to August 5. To protect March 20, 1889. To protect American citizens 1902-Colombia-April 16 to 23. To protect American interests on the Province of and the consulate during a native civil war. American lives and property at Bocas del Oriente, and in Havana. 1889-Hawaiian Islands-July 30 and 31. To Toro during a civil war. 1912-China-August 24 to 26, on Kentucky protect American interests at Honolulu dur­ 1902-Colombia (State of Panama)-Septem­ Island, and August 26 to 30 at Camp Nichol­ ing a revolution. ber 17 to November 18. To place armed son. To protect Americans and American in­ 1890-Argentina-A naval party landed to guards on all trains crossing the Isthmus and terests during revolutionary activity. protect U.S. consulate and legation in Bue­ to keep the railroad line open. 1912-Turkey-November 18 to December 3. nos Aires. 1903-Honduras-March 23 to 30 or 31. To To guard the American legation at Con­ 1891-Haiti-To protect American lives and protect the American consulate and the stantinople during a Balkan War. property on Navassa Island. steamship wharf at Puerto Cortez during a 1912-25-Nicaragua-August to November 1891-Bering Strait-July 2 to October 5. To period of revolutionary activity. 1912. To protect American interests during stop seal poaching. 1903-Dominican Republic-March 30 to an attempted revolution. A small force serv­ 1891-Chile-August 28 to 30. To protect the April 21. To protect American interests in ing as a legation guard and as a promoter of American consulate and the women and chil­ the city of Santo Domingo during a revolu­ peace and governmental stability, remained dren who had taken refuge in it during a rev­ tionary outbreak. until August 5, 1925. olution in Valparaiso. 1903-Syria-September 7 to 12. To protect 1912-41-China. The disorders which began 1893-Hawaii-January 16 to April 1. Osten­ the American consulate in Beirut when a with the Kuomintang rebellion in 1912, which sibly to protect American lives and property; local Moslem uprising was feared. were redirected by the invasion of China by actually to promote a provisional govern­ 1903--04-Abyssinia. Twenty-five marines Japan and finally ended by war between ment under Sanford B. Dole. This action was were sent to Abyssinia to protect the U.S. disavowed by the United States. Counsul General while he negotiated a trea­ Japan and the United States in 1941, led to 1894-Brazil-January. To protect Amer­ ty. demonstrations and landing parties for the ican commerce and shipping at Rio de Janei­ 1903-14-Panama. To protect American in­ protection of U.S. interests in China con­ ro during a Brazilian civil war. No landing terests and lives during and following the tinuously and at many points from 1912 on to was attempted but there was a display of revolution for independence from Colombia 1941. The guard at Peking and along the naval force. over construction of the Isthmus Canal. With route to the sea was maintained until 1941. 1894-Nicaragua-July 6 to August 7. To brief intermissions, United States Marines In 1927, the United States had 5,670 troops protect American interests at Bluefields fol­ were stationed on the Isthmus from Novem­ ashore in China and 44 naval vessels in its lowing a revolution. ber 4, 1903, to January 21, 1914, to guard waters. In 1933 the United States had 3,027 1894-95-China. Marines were stationed at American interests. armed men ashore. All this protective action Tientsin and penetrated to Peking for pro­ 1904-Dominican Republic-January 2 to was in general terms based on treaties with tection purposes during the Sino-Japanese February 11. To protect American interests China ranging from 1858 to 1901. War. in Puerto Plata and Sosua and Santo Do­ 1913-Mexic1>-September 5 to 7. A few ma­ 1894-95-China. Naval vessel beached and mingo City during revolutionary fighting. rines landed at Ciaris Estero to aid in evacu­ used as a fort at Newchwang for protection 1904-Tangier, Morocco. "We want either ating American citizens and others from the of American nationals. Perdicaris alive or Raisula dead." Dem­ Yaqui Valley, made dangerous for foreigners 1894-96-Korea-July 24, 1894 to April 3, onstration by a squadron to force release of by civil strife. 1896. To protect American lives and interests a kidnapped American. Marine guard landed 1914-Haiti-January 29 to February 9, Feb­ at Seoul during and following the Sino-Japa­ to protect consul general. ruary 20 to 21, October 19. To protect Amer­ nese War. A guard of marines was kept at the 1904-Panama-November 17 to 24. To pro­ ican nationals in a time of dangerous unrest. American legation most of the time until tect American lives and property at Ancon 1914-Dominican Republic-June and July. April 1896. at the time of a threatened insurrection. During a revolutionary movement, United 1895-Colombia-March 8 to 9. To protect 1904--05-Korea--January 5, 1904, to Novem­ States naval forces by gunfire stopped the American interests during an attack on the ber 11, 1905. To guard the American legation bombardment of Puerto Plata, and by threat town of Bocas del Toro by a bandit chieftain. in Seoul. of force maintained Santo Domingo City as a 1896-Nicaragua-May 2 to 4. To protect 1904--05-Korea. Marine guard sent to Seoul neutral zone. American interests in Corinto during politi­ for protection during Russo-Japanese War. 1914-17-Mexico. The undeclared Mexican­ cal unrest. l~uba-September 1906 to January American hostilities following the Dolphin 1898--Niqiragua-February 7 and 8. To pro­ 23, 1909. Intervention to restore order, pro­ affair and Villa's raids included capture of tect American lives and property at San tect foreigners, and establish a stable gov­ Vera Cruz and later Pershing's expedition Juan del Sur. ernment after serious revolutionary activity. into northern Mexico. 189~The Spanish-American War. On April 1907-Honduras-March 18 to June 8. To 1915-34---Haiti--July 28, 1915, to August 15, 25, 1898, the United States declared war with protect American interests during a war be­ 1934. To maintain order during a period of Spain. tween Honduras and Nicaragua; troops were chronic and threatened insurrection. 1898-99--China-November 5, 1898 to March stationed for a few days or weeks in Trujillo, 1916-China. American forces landed to 15, 1899. To provide a guard for the legation Ceiba, Puerto Cortez, San Pedro, Laguna and quell a riot taking place on American prop­ at Peking and the consulate at Tientsin dur­ Choloma. erty in Nanking. ing contest between the Dowager Empress 1910-Nicaragua-February 22. During a 1916-24-Dominican Republic-May 1916 to and her son. civil war, to get information of conditions at September 1924. To maintain order during a 1899-Nicaragua. To protect American in­ Corinto; May 19 to September 4, to protect period of chronic and threatened insurrec­ terests at San Juan del Norte, February 22 to American interests at Bluefields. tion. 18 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 1917-China. American troops were landed eigners in Shanghai during Chinese factional 1945-China. In October 50,000 U.S. Marines at Chungking to protect American lives dur­ hostilities. were sent to North China to assist Chinese ing a. political crisis.. 1925-China-January 15 to August 29. Nationalist authorities in disarming and re­ 1917-l~World War L On April 6, 1917, the Fighting of Chinese factions accompanied by patriating the Japanese in China and con­ United States declared war with Germany· riots and demonstrations in Shanghai neces­ trolling ports, railroads, and airfields. This and on December 7, 1917, with Austria-Hun­ sitated landing American forces to protect was in addition to approximately 60,000 U.S. gary. lives and property in the International Set­ forces remaining in China at the end of 1917-22-Cuba. To protect American inter­ tlement. World War II. ests during an insurrection and subsequent 1925--Honduras-April 19 to 21. To protect 1946-Trieste. President Truman ordered unsettled conditions. Most of the United foreigners at La Ceiba during a political up­ the augmentation of U.S. troops along the States armed forces left Cuba by August heaval. zonal occupation line and the reinforcement 1919, but two companies remained at 1925--Panama--October 12 to 23. Strikes of air forces in northern Italy after Yugoslav Camaguey until February 1922. and rent riots led to the landing of about 600 forces shot down an unarmed U.S. Army 1918-19-Mexico. After withdrawal of the American troops to keep order and protect transport plane flying over Venezia Giulia. Pershing expedition, U.S. troops entered American interests. Earlier U.S. naval units had been dispatched Mexico in pursuit of bandits at least three 1926-China-August and September. The to the scene. times in 1918 and six in 1919. In August 1918 Nationalist attack on Hankow necessitated 1948--Palestine. A marine consular guard American and Mexican troops fought at the landing of American naval forces to pro­ was sent to Jerusalem to protect the U.S. Nogales. tect American citizens. A small guard was Consul General. 1918-20-Panama. For police duty according maintained at the consulate general even 1948-49-China. Marines were dispatched to to treaty stipulations, at Chiriqui, during after September 16, when the rest of the Nanking to protect the American Embassy election disturbances and subsequent unrest. forces were withdrawn. Likewise, when Na­ when the city fell to Communist troops, and 1918-20-Soviet Russia. Marines were landed tionalist forces captured Kiukiang, naval to Shanghai to aid in the protection and at and near Vladivostok in June and July to forces were landed for the protection of for­ evacuation of Americans. protect the American consulate and other eigners November 4 to 6. 1950-53-Korean War. The United States re­ points in the fighting between the Bolsheviki 1926-33-Nicaragua-May 7 to June 5, 1926; sponded to North Korean invasion of South troops and the Czech Army which had tra­ August 27, 1926, to January 3, 1933. The coup Korea by going to its assistance, pursuant to versed Siberia from the western front. A d'etat of General Chamorro aroused revolu­ United Nations Security Council resolutions. joint proclamation of emergency govern­ tionary activities leading to the landing of 1950-55--Formosa (Taiwan). In June 1950 at ment and neutrality was issued by the Amer­ American marines to protect the interests of the beginning of the Korean War President ican, Japanese, British, French, and Czech the United States. United States forces came Truman ordered the U.S. Seventh Fleet to commanders in July and the party remained and went, but seem not to have left the prevent Chinese Communist attacks upon until late August. In August 7,000 men were country entirely until January 3, 1933. Their Formosa and Chinese Nationalist operations landed in Vladivostok and remained until work included activity against the outlaw against mainland China. January 1920, as pa.rt of an allied occupation leader Sandino in 1928. 1954-55--China. Naval units evacuated U.S. force. In September 1918, 5,000 American 1927-China-February. Fighting at Shang­ civilians and military personnel from the troops joined the allied intervention force at hai caused American naval forces and ma­ Tachen Islands. Archangel and remained until June 1919. rines to be increased there. In March a naval 1956-Egypt. A marine battalion evacuated These operations were to offset effects of the guard was stationed at the American U.S. nationals and other persons from Alex­ Bolshevik revolution in Russia and were consultate at Nanking after Nationalist andria during the Suez crisis. partly supported by Czarist or Kerensky ele­ forces captured the city. American and Brit­ 1958--Lebanon. Marines were landed in Leb­ ments. ish destroyers later used shell fire to protect anon at the invitation of its government to 1919-Dalmatia. U.S. forces were landed at Americans and other foreigners. Subse­ help protect against threatened insurrection Trau at the request of Italian authorities to quently additional forces of marines and supported from the outside. police order between the Italians and Serbs. naval vessels were stationed in the vicinity 1959--60--The Caribbean. 2d Marine Ground 1919-Turkey. Marines from the U.S.S. Ari­ of Shanghai and Tientsin. Task Force was deployed to protect U.S. na­ zona were landed to guard the U.S. Consulate 1932-China. American forces were landed tionals during the Cuban crisis. during the Greek occupation of Constantino­ to protect American interests during the 1962-Cuba. President Kennedy instituted a ple. Japanese occupation of Shanghai. "quarantine" on the shipment of offensive 1919-Honduras-September 8 to 12. A land 1933-Cuba. During a revolution against missiles to Cuba from the Soviet Union. He force was sent ashore to maintain order in a President Gerardo Machada naval forces also warned the Soviet Union that the neutral zone during an attempted revolution. demonstrated but no landing was made. launching of any missile from Cuba against 1920-China-March 14. A landing force was 1934-China. Marines landed at Foochow to any nation in the Western Hemisphere would sent a.shore for a few hours to protect lives protect the American Consulate. bring about U.S. nuclear retaliation on the during a disturbance at Kiukiang. ' 1940--Newfoundland, Bermuda, St. Lucia, Ba­ Soviet Union. A negotiated settlement was 1920---Guatemala-April 9 to 27. To protect hamas, Jamaica, Antigua, Trinidad, and British achieved in a few days. the American Legation and other American Guiana. Troops were sent to guard air and 1962-Thailand. The 3d Marine Expedition­ interests, such as the cable station, during a naval bases obtained by negotiation with ary Unit landed on May 17, 1962 to support period of fighting between Unionists and the Great Britain. These were sometimes called that country during the threat of Com­ Government of Guatemala. lend-lease bases. munist pressure from outside; by July 30 the 192(}-22-Russia (Siberia)-Febraury 16, 1920, 1941-Greenland. Taken under protection of 5,000 marines had been withdrawn. to November 19, 1922. A marine guard to pro­ the United States in April. 1962-75--Laos. From October 1962 until 1975, tect the United States radio station and 1941-Netherlands (Dutch Guiana). In No­ the United States played a role of military property on Russian Island, Bay of Vladivos­ vember the President ordered American support in Laos. tok. troops to occupy Dutch Guiana but by agree­ 1964-Congo. The United States sent four 1921-Panama-Costa Rica. American naval ment with the Netherlands government in transport planes to provide airlift for Congo­ squadrons demonstrated in April on both exile, Brazil cooperated to protect aluminum lese troops during a rebellion and to trans­ sides of the Isthmus to prevent war between ore supply from the bauxite mines in Suri­ port Belgian paratroopers to rescue foreign­ the two countries over a boundary dispute. nam. ers. 1922-Turkey-September and October. A 1941-Iceland. Taken under the protection 1964-7~Vietnam War. U.S. military advis­ landing force was sent ashore with consent of the United States, with consent of its ers had been in South Vietnam for a decade, of both Greek and Turkish authorities, to Government, for strategic reasons. and their numbers had been increased as the protect American lives and property when 1941-Germany. Sometime in the spring the military position of the Saigon government the Turkish Nationalists entered Smyrna. President ordered the Navy to patrol ship became weaker. After the attacks on U.S. de­ 1922-23-China. Between April 1922 and No­ lanes to Europe. By July U.S. warships were stroyers in the Tonkin Gulf, President John­ vember 1923 marines were landed five times convoying and by September were attacking son asked for a resolution expressing U.S. de­ to protect Americans during periods of un­ German submarines. In November, the Neu­ termination to support freedom and protect rest. trality Act was partly repealed to protect peace in Southeast Asia. Congress responded 1924-Honduras-February 28 to March 31, military aid to Britain, Russia, etc. with the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, expressing September 10 to 15. To protect American 1941-45--World War II. On December 8, support for "all necessary measures" the lives and interests during election hos­ 1941, the United States declared war with President might take to repel armed attack tilities. Japan, OD December 11 with Germany and against U.S. forces and prevent further ag­ 1924-China-September. Marines were Italy, and OD June 5, 1942, with Bulgaria, gression. Following this resolution, and fol­ landed to protect Americans and other for- Hungary and Romania. lowing a Communist attack on a U.S. instal- January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 19 lation in central Vietnam, the United States 1981-El Salvador. After a guerilla offensive 1986-Libya. On April 16, 1986, President escalated its participation in the war to a against the government of El Salvador, addi­ Reagan reported that U.S. air and naval peak of 543,000 in April 1969. tional U.S. military advisers were sent to El forces had conducted bombing strikes on ter­ 1965--Dominican Republic. The United Salvador, bringing the total to approxi­ rorist facilities and military installations in States intervened to protect lives and prop­ mately 55, assist in training government Libya. erty during a Dominican revolt and sent forces in counterinsurgency. The number of 1986-Bolivia. U.S. Army personnel and air­ more troops as fears grew that the revolu­ advisers remained at the level of approxi­ craft assisted Bolivia in anti-drug oper­ tionary forces were coming increasingly mately 55 at the end of October 1989. ations. under Communist control. 1981-Libya. On August 19, 1981, U.S. planes 1987-88-Persian Gulf. After the Iran-Iraq 1967-Congo. The United States sent three based on the carrier Nimitz shot down two War resulted in several military incidents in military transport aircraft with crews to Libyan jets over the Gulf of Sidra after one the Persian Gulf, the United States in­ provide the Congo central government with of the Libyan jets had fired a heat-seeking creased U.S. Navy forces operating in the logistical support during a revolt. missile. The United States periodically held Persian Gulf and adopted a policy of 197~ambodia. U.S. troops were ordered freedom of navigation exercises in the Gulf reflagging and escorting Kuwaiti oil tankers into Cambodia to clean out Communist sanc­ of Sidra, claimed by Libya as territorial wa­ through the Gulf. President Reagan reported tuaries from which Viet Cong and North Vi­ ters but considered international waters by that U.S. ships had been fired upon or struck etnamese attacked U.S. and South Vietnam­ the United States. mines or taken other military action on Sep­ ese forces in Vietnam. The object of this at­ 1982-Sinai. On March 19, 1982, President tember 23, October 10, and October 20, 1987 tack, which lasted from April 30 to June 30, Reagan reported the deployment of military and April 19, July 4, and July 14, 1988. The was to ensure the continuing safe with­ personnel and equipment to participate in United States gradually reduced its forces the Multinational Force and Observers in the after a cease-fire between Iran and Iraq on drawal of American forces from South Viet­ August 20, 1988. nam and to assist the program of Vietnam­ Sinai. Participation had been authorized by the Multinational Force and Observers Reso­ 1988-Panama. In mid-March and April 1988, ization. during a period of instability in Panama and 1974-Evacuation from Cyprus. United lution, Public Law 97-132. 1982-Lebanon. On August 21, 1982, Presi­ as pressure grew for Panamanian military States naval forces evacuated U.S. civilians leader General Noriega to resign, the United during hostilities between Turkish and dent Reagan reported the dispatch of 80 ma­ rines to serve in the multinational force to States sent 1,000 troops to Panama, to "fur~ Greek Cypriot forces. ther safeguard the canal, U.S. lives, property 1975-Evacuation from Vietnam. On April 3, assist in the withdrawal of members of the Palestine Liberation force from Beirut. The and interests in the area." The forces supple­ 1975, President Ford reported U.S. naval ves­ mented 10,000 U.S. military personnel al­ sels, helicopters, and marines had been sent Marines left Sept. 20, 1982. 1982-Lebonon. On September 29, 1982, ready in Panama. to assist in evacuation of refugees and U.S. 1989-Libya. On January 4, 1989, two U.S. nationals from Vietnam.s President Reagan reported the deployment of 1200 marines to serve in a temporary mul­ Navy F-14 aircraft based on the U.S.S. John 1975-Evacuation from Cambodia. On April F. Kennedy shot down two Libyan jet fight­ 12, 1975, President Ford reported that he had tinational force to facilitate the restoration of Lebanese government sovereignty. On ers over the Mediterranean Sea about 70 ordered U.S. military forces to proceed with miles north of Libya. The U.S. pilots said the the planned evacuation of U.S. citizens from Sept. 29, 1983, Congress passed the Multi­ national Force in Lebanon Resolution (P.L. Libyan planes had demonstrated hostile Cambodia. intentions. 1975-South Vietnam. On April 30, 1975, 98-119) authorizing the continued participa­ tion for eighteen months. 1989-Panama. On May 11, 1989, in response President Ford reported that a force of 70 to General Noriega's disregard of the results evacuation helicopters and 865 marines had 1983-Egypt. After a Libyan plane bombed a city in Sudan on March 18, 1983, and Sudan of the Panamanian election, President Bush evacuated about, 1,400 U.S. citizens and 5,500 ordered a brigade-sized force of approxi­ third country nationals and South Vietnam­ and Egypt appealed for assistance, the Unit­ ed States dispatched an A WACS electronic mately 1,900 troops to augment the esti­ ese from landing zones near the U.S. Em­ surveillance plane to Egypt. mated 11,000 U.S. forces already in the area. bassy in Saigon and Tan Son Nhut Airfield. 1983-89-Honduras. In July 1983 the United 1989-Andean Initiative in War on Drugs. On 1975-Mayaguez incident. On May 15, 1975, States undertook a series of exercises in September 15, 1989, President Bush an­ President Ford reported he had ordered mili­ Honduras that some believed might lead to nounced that military and law enforcement tary forces to retake the SS Mayaguez, a conflict with Nicaragua. On March 25, 1986, assistance would be sent to help the Andean merchant vessel en route from Hong Kong to unarmed U.S. military helicopters and crew­ nations of Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru com­ Thailand with U.S. citizen crew which was men ferried Honduran troops to the Nica­ bat illicit drug producers and traffickers. By seized from Cambodian naval patrol boats in raguan border to repel Nicaraguan troops. mid-September there were 50-100 U.S. mili­ international waters and forced to proceed to 1983-Chad. On August 8, 1983, President tary advisers in Colombia in connection with a nearby island. Reagan reported the deployment of two transport and training in the use of military 1976-Lebanon. On July 22 and 23, 1974, heli­ AWACS electronic surveillance planes and equipment, plus seven Special Forces teams copters from five U.S. naval vessels evacu­ eight F-15 fighter planes and ground of 2-12 persons to train troops in the three ated approximately 250 Americans and Euro­ logistical support forces to assist Chad countries. peans from Lebanon during fighting between against Libyan and rebel forces. 1989-Philippines. On December 1, 1989, Lebanese factions after an overland convoy 1983--Grenada. On October 25, 1983, Presi­ President Bush ordered U.S. fighter planes evacuation had been blocked by hostilities. dent Reagan reported a landing on Grenada from Clark Air Base in the Philippines to as­ 1976-Korea. Additional forces were sent to by Marines and Army airborne troops to pro­ sist the Aquino government to repel a coup Korea after two American military personnel tect lives and assist in the restoration of law attempt. In addition, 100 marines were sent were killed while in the demilitarized zone and order and at the request of five members from the U.S. Navy base at Subic Bay to pro­ between North and South Korea for the pur­ of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean tect the U.S. Embassy in Manila. pose of cutting down a tree. States. 1978-Zaire. From May 19 through June 1984-Persian Gulf. On June 5, 1984, Saudi 1978, the United States utilized military Arabian jet fighter planes, aided by intel­ TERRY ANDERSON transport aircraft to provide logistical sup­ ligence from a U.S. AWACS electronic sur­ Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, I rise port to Belgian and French rescue operations veillance aircraft and fueled by a U.S. KC-10 in Zaire. to inform my colleagues that today tanker, shot down two Iranian fighter planes marks the 2,119th day that Terry An­ 1980-Iran. On April 26, 1980, President over an area of the Persian Gulf proclaimed Carter reported the use of six U.S. transport as a protected zone for shipping. derson has been held captive in Leb­ planes and eight helicopters in an unsuccess­ 1985-Italy. On October 10, 1985, U.S. Navy anon. ful attempt to rescue American .hostages pilots intercepted an Egyptian airliner and Since the adjournment of the lOlst being held in Iran. forced it to land in Sicily. The airliner was Congress, we have witnessed the re­ carrying the hijackers of the Italian cruise lease of all of the remaining hostages STbis and subsequent mentions of Presidential re­ ship Achille Lauro who had killed an Amer­ held in Iraq and Kuwait by Saddam ports refer to reports the President has submitted to ican citizen during the hijacking. Hussein. Through the Christmas season Congress that might be considered pursuant to the 1986-Libya. On March 26, 1986, President and the first days of the new year, we War Powers Resolution (Public Law 91-148, Novem­ Reagan reported to Congress that, on March ber 7, 1973). For a discussion of the War Powers Res­ 24 and 25, U.S. forces, while engaged in free­ continue to celebrate their reunion olution and various types of reports required under with their families and loved ones. it, see The War Powers Resolution: Fifteen Years of dom of navigation exercises around the Gulf Experience, CRS Report 88-529 F; or The War Powers of Sidra, had been attacked by Libyan mis­ Yet, in our joy over their freedom, we Resolution: Presidential Compliance, CRS Issue siles and the United States had responded must not lose sight of the Americans Brief IB81050, updated regularly. with missiles. held hostage in Lebanon. Terry Ander- 20 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 son is the longest held. Christmas 1990 pile accurate and complete reports, prove secondary school programs for basic is the sixth he has spent with his cap­ starting with all mailings sent after skills improvement and dropout prevention tors. October 1, 1990, mass mailings must be and reentry, and for other purposes; H.R. 5158. An act making appropriations filed on a quarterly basis on the 25th for the Departments of Veterans Affairs and day of the month after the close of a HONORING WILLIAM SISSLER Housing and Urban Development, and for preceding fiscal year quarter (January sundry independent agencies, commissions, Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I rise 25, April 25, July 25, and October 25); corporations, and offices for the fiscal year today to urge my colleagues in the U.S. and must include the number of pieces ending September 30, 1991, and for other pur­ Senate to join me in paying tribute to mailed for each mass mailing. The fil­ poses; a remarkable man who has devoted ing which will be due on Friday, Janu­ H.R. 5313. An act making appropriations years of public service to the city of for military construction for the Department ary 25, 1991, must include all mass of Defense for the fiscal year ending Septem­ Crestwood, MO. I am speaking of Mr. mailings for calendar year 1990. In ad­ ber 30, 1991, and for other purposes; Charles William Sissler. dition, the number of pieces sent for H.R. 5507. An act regarding the Early Win­ Bill has served on the Board of Alder­ those mailings generated between Oc­ ters Resorts; man for over 12 years. He has contrib­ tober 1 and December 31, 1990, must H.R. 5667. An act to amend the Water Re­ uted to the city in countless ways by also be provided. sources Development Act of 1974 to transfer helping the elderly and the poor in Mass mailing registrations should be jurisdiction of the Big Fork National River times of need. He is also very active in filed with the Senate Office of Public and Recreation Area from the Secretary of Missouri politics as a precinct captain the Army to the Secretary of the Interior; Records, 232 Hart Building, Washing­ H.R. 5732. An act to promote and strength­ of the Gravois Republican Organiza­ ton, DC 20510-7116. The Public Records en aviation security, and for other purposes; tion. Office will be open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. H.R. 5871. An act to amend the farm quota In addition to his dedication to his on the filing date to accept the filings. provisions of section 319 (g), (h) and (i) of the hometown, Bill also served his country Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, and for during World War II. He was one of a other purposes; committee of engineers that were as­ MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE RE­ S.J. Res. 206. Joint resolution calling for signed to Pearl Harbor a few days after CEIVED SUBSEQUENT TO SINE the United States to encourage immediate the tragic Japanese attack. Bill cast DIE ADJOURNMENT negotiations toward a new agreement among Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, for the deciding vote to leave the U.S.S. ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS the full protection of Antarctica as a global Arizona in its resting place in Pearl SIGNED ecological commons; Harbor and because of this, millions of Under the authority of the order of S.J. Res. 302. Joint resolution providing for people are able to see and remember the Senate of January 30, 1989, the Sec­ reappointment of Anne Legendre Armstrong this special place that is a part of our retary of the Senate, on November 1, as a citizen regent of the Smithsonian Insti­ history. He was also responsible for tution; 1990, subsequent to the sine die ad­ S.J. Res. 318. Joint resolution providing for saving the lives of several men on journment of the Congress, received a Lexington appointment of Ira Michael Heyman as a cit­ board the during the Battle message from the House of Representa­ izen regent of the Smithsonian Institution; of the Coral Sea. As the ship sank and tives announcing that the Speaker has and people evacuated, Bill stopped to check signed the following enrolled bills and S.J. Res. 369. Joint resolution designating one of the chambers, and found it was joint resolutions: 1991 as the "Year of Thanksgiving for the full of men trapped inside. He was rec­ Blessings of Liberty." S. 605. An act to authorize appropriations ognized for his valiant and heroic ef­ for the Consumer Product Safety Commis­ Under the authority of the order of forts. sion, and for other purposes; the Senate of January 3, 1989, the en­ Mr. President, the people of Crest­ S. 677. An act to amend the Arctic Re­ rolled bills and joint resolutions were wood are grateful for Bill's service, loy­ search and Policy Act of 1984 to improve and signed on November 5, 1990, subsequent alty and dedication. I join his family clarify its provisions; to the sine die adjournment of the Con­ and many friends in thanking him for S. 1805. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to reinstate oil and gas lease gress by the President pro tempore decades of selfless service to his com­ [Mr. BYRD]. munity. The city of Crestwood is in­ LA 033164; S. 2287. An act to authorize appropriations ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION deed fortunate to have such a dedicated to the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ SIGNED public servant as Charles William ministration for research and development, Under the authority of the order of Sissler. space flight, control and data communica­ the Senate of January 3, 1989, the Sec­ tions, construction of facilities, and research retary of the Senate, on November 5, and program management, and for other pur­ 1990, subsequent to the sine die ad­ NOTICE REGARDING MASS poses; MAILING REPORTS S. 3187. An act to address immediate prob­ journment of the Congress, announcing lems affecting environmental cleanup activi­ that the Speaker has signed the follow­ Formerly Senate rule 40 of the ties; ing enrolled bills and j~int resolution: Standing Rules of the Senate required S. 3237. An act to authorize the Secretary H.R. 996. An act to promote excellence in Senators to register all mass mailings of the Treasury to sell certain silver proof American mathematics, science and engi­ distributed during a calendar year by coin sets; neering education; enhance the scientific February 1 the succeeding calendar H.R. 1396. An act to amend the Federal se­ and technical literacy of the American pub­ year. A letter to Senators dated De­ curities laws in order to facilitate coopera­ lic; stimulate the professional development cember 14, 1990, advised the offices of a tion between the United States and foreign of scientists and engineers; increase the par­ filing date of January 2, 1991, for 1990 countries in securities law enforcement; ticipation of women and minorities in ca­ mass mailings based upon language H.R. 3310. An act to authorize appropria­ reers in mathematics, science, and engineer­ tions for activities of the National Tele­ ing; and for other purposes; contained in the 1990 Congressional communications and Information Adminis­ H.R. 1463. An act to amend the National Handbook. The Rules Committee has tration for fiscal years 1990 and 1991; Capital Transportation Act of 1969 relating subsequently notified the Secretary of H.R. 4808. An act to encourage solar, wind, to the Washington Metrorail System; the Senate that in the absence of a fil­ waste, and geothermal power production by H.R. 2497. An act to authorize and encour­ ing date requirement by statute or reg­ removing the size limitations contained in age Federal agencies to use mediation, con­ ulation, the Secretary may establish the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of ciliation, arbitration, and other techniques the quarterly filings dates for mass 1978; for the prompt and informal resolution of mailings as required by section 323 of H.R. 5113. An act to amend the Public disputes, and for other purposes; Health Service Act to revise and extend the H.R. 3045. An act to amend chapters 5 and the Legislative Branch Appropriations program for the prevention and control of in­ 9 of title 17, United States Code, to clarify Act for 1991. juries; that States, instrumentalities of States, and In the interest of allowing Senators' H.R. 5140. An act to amend the Elementary officers and employees of States acting in offices sufficient time in which to com- and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to im- their official capacity are subject to suit in January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 21 Federal court by any person for infringement year ending September 30, 1991, and for other S. 2936. An act to amend the Hazardous Ma­ of copyright and infringement of exclusive purposes; and terials Transportation Act to authorize ap­ rights in mask works, and that all the rem­ H.J. Res. 673. Joint resolution to designate propriations for fiscal years 1990, 1991, and edies can be obtained in such suit that can November 2, 1990, as a national day of prayer 1992, and for other purposes; be obtained in a suit that can be obtained in for members of American military forces and S. 2946. An act to amend the Public Health a suit against a private person or against American citizens stationed or held hostage Service Act to revise and extend the program other public entities; in the Middle East, and for other purposes. establishing the National Bone Marrow H.R. 3134. An act for the relief of Mrs. Joan Under the authority of the order of Donor Registry, and for other purposes; R. Daronco; S. 3069. An act to provide a method of local H.R. 4630. An act to authorize the Sec­ the Senate of January 3, 1989, the en­ private and Government research on envi­ retary of Agriculture to acquire and study rolled bills and joint resolutions, ex­ ronmental issues by geographic location; certain lands in the State of New Mexico, cept the bill H.R. 5114, were signed on S. 3084. An act to provide for the settle­ and for other purposes; November 5, 1990, subsequent to the ment of water rights claims of the Fallon H.R. 4653. An act to reauthorize the Export sine die adjournment of the Congress Paiute Shoshone Indian Tribes, and for other Administration Act of 1979, and for other by the President pro tempore [Mr. purposes; purposes; BYRD]. S. 3156. An act to correct a clerical error in H.R. 4721. An act to designate the Federal Public Law 101-383; building located at 340 North Pleasant Val­ Under the authority of the order of S. 3176. An act to promote environmental ley Road in Winchester, VA, as the "J. Ken­ the Senate of November 27, 1990, the education, and for other purposes; neth Robinson Postal Building"; enrolled bill H.R. 5114 was signed on S. 3215. An act to authorize the transfer by H.R. 4739. An act to authorize appropria­ November 5, 1990, subsequent to the lease of a specified naval landing ship dock tions for fiscal year 1991 for military activi­ sine die adjournment of the Congress, to the Government of Brazil; ties of the Department of Defense, for mili­ by Mr. LEAHY. H.R. 29. An act entitled the "Antitrust tary construction, and for defense activities Amendments Act of 1990"; of the Department of Energy, to prescribe ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS H.R. 1230. An act for the relief of Jocelyne personnel strengths for such fiscal year for SIGNED Carayannis and Marie Carayannis; the Armed Forces, and for other purposes; Under the authority of the order of H.R. 1602. An act to amend the Public H.R. 4793. An act to amend the Small Busi­ the Senate of January 3, 1989, the Sec­ Health Service Act to improve emergency ness Act and the Small Business Investment retary of the Senate, on November 8, medical services and trauma care; Act of 1958, and for other purposes; H.R. 2419. An act to authorize the Sec­ H.R. 5021. An act making appropriations 1990, subsequent to the sine die ad­ retary of Agriculture to exchange certain for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, journment of the Senate, received a property in the Chattahoochee National For­ and State, the Judiciary, and related agen­ message from the House of Representa­ est for the construction of facilities in the cies for the fiscal year ending September 30, tives announcing that the Speaker has National Forest; 1991, and for other purposes; signed the following enrolled bills and H.R. 2840. An act to reauthorize the Coast­ H.R. 5112. An act to amend the Public joint resolutions: al Barrier Resources Act, and for other pur­ Health Service Act regarding certain pro­ S. 169. An act to require the establishment poses; grams for heal th care services in the home of a United States Global Change Research H.R. 3000. An act to require that fasterners and certain programs relating to Alzheimer's Program aimed at understanding and re­ sold in commerce conform to the specifica­ disease, and for other purposes; sponding to global change, including the cu­ tions to which they are represented to be H.R. 5114. An act making appropriations manufactured, to provide for accreditation for foreign operations, export financing, and mulative effects of human activities and nat­ of laboratories engaged in fastener testing, related programs for the fiscal year ending ural processes on the environment, to pro­ to require inspection, testing, and certifi­ September 30, 1991, and for other purposes; mote discussions toward international proto­ cation in accordance with standardized H.R. 5229. An act making appropriations cols· in global change research, and for other methods, of fasteners used in critical appli­ for the Department of Transportation and purposes; cations, to increase fastener quality and re­ related agencies for the fiscal year ending S. 321. An act to revise provisions of law duce the danger of fastener failure, and for September 30, 1991, and for other purposes; that provide a preference to Indians; other purposes; H.R. 5241. An a.ct ma.king appropriations S. 459. An act to amend title 35, United H.R. 3069. An act to establish an employ­ for the Treasury Department, the United States Code, with respect to the use of inven­ ment training program for displaced home­ States Postal Service, the Executive Office tions in outer space; makers, and for other purposes; of the President, and certain Independent S. 555. An act to establish in the Depart­ H.R. 3298. An act for the relief of Benjamin Agencies, for the fiscal year ending Septem­ ment of the Interior the De Soto Expedition H. Fonorow; ber 30, 1991, and for other purposes; Trail Commission, and for other purposes; H.R. 3338. An act to direct the Secretary of H.R. 5257. An act making appropriations S. 620. An act for the relief of Leroy W. the Interior to convey all interest of the for the Departments of Labor, Health and Sheba! of North Pole, Alaska; United States in a fish hatchery to the State Human Services, and Education, and related S. 639. An act to establish the Spark Mat­ of South Carolina, and for other purposes; agencies, for the fiscal year ending Septem­ sunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, H.R. 3642. An act for the relief of lzzydor ber 30, 1991, and for other purposes; and Demonstration Program Act of 1990; Shever; H.R. 5311. An act making appropriations S. 1931. An act to amend title 11 of the H.R. 3656. An act to clarify the application for the Government of the District of Colum­ United States Code with respect to the of the functional relationship test to gas bia and other activities chargeable in whole nondischargeability of debts arising from un­ ut111ty holding companies registered under or in part against the revenues of said Dis­ lawful driving while intoxicated or impaired the Public Utility Holding Company Act of trict for the fiscal year ending September 30, and arising from restitution imposed for 1935; 1991, and for other purposes; committing crimes; H.R. 3977. An act to protect and conserve H.R. 5399. An act making appropriations S. 2056. An act to establish a program of the continent of Antarctica, and for other for the Legislative Branch for the fiscal year grants for the development of State plans for purposes; ending September 30, 1991, and for other pur­ meeting the objectives established by the H.R. 4009. An act to authorize appropria­ poses; Secretary of Health and Human Services for tions for fiscal year 1991 for the Federal Mar­ H.R. 5409. An act to designate the Post Of­ the health status of the population of the i time Commission, and for other purposes; fice building at 222 West Center Street in United States for the year 2000; H.R. 4107. An act to authorize the Sec­ Orem, Utah, as the "Arthur V. Watkins Post S. 2566. An act to establish the Smith River retary of the Interior to permit certain uses Office Building"; National Recreation Area, to redesignate the of lands within the Colonial National Histor­ H.R. 5687. An act to amend title 31, United Sunset Crater National Monument, and for ical Park in the Commonwealth of Virginia; States Code, to improve the general and fi­ other purposes; H.R. 4323. An act to amend the Federal nancial management of the Federal Govern­ S. 2789. An act to authorize appropriations Water Pollution Control Act relating to ment; for the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of water quality in the Great Lakes; H.R. 5769. An act ma.king appropriations 1977, and for other purposes; H.R. 4487. An act to amend the Public for the Department of the Interior and relat­ S. 2857. An act to amend the Public Health Health Service Act to revise and extend the ed agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep­ Service Act with respect to certain programs program for the National Health Service tember 30, 1991, and for other purposes; for the National Institutes of Health; Corps, and to establish certain programs of H.R. 5796. An act to conduct certain studies S. 2930. An act to eliminate "substantial grants to the States for improving health of New Mexico; documentary evidence" requirement for services in the States; H.R. 5803. An act making appropriations minimum wage determination for American H.R. 4559. An act to establish the Red Rock for the Department of Defense for the fiscal Samoa., and for other purposes; Canyon National Conservation Area; 22 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 H.R. 4888. An act to improve navigational Homeownership Trust program, and HOPE s. 303, s. 319, s. 358, s. 566, s. 845, s. safety and reduce the hazards to navigation programs, to amend and extend certain laws 1893, s. 2628, s. 2740, s. 2834, s. 3012, s. resulting from vessel collisions with pipe­ relating to housing, community and neigh­ 3266, 987 lines in the marine environment, and for borhood preservation, and related programs, and H.R. were signed on No­ other purposes; and for other purposes; vember 13, 1990, subsequent to the sine H.R. 5007. An act to designate the facility S. 845. An act to amend the Federal Food, die adjournment of the Congress, by of the United States Post Office located at Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revitalize the the President pro tempore [Mr. BYRD]. 100 South John F. Kennedy Drive, Food and Drug Administration, and for other Under the authority of the order of Carpentersville, Illinois, as the "Robert purposes; the Senate of January 3, 1989, the bills McClory Post Office Building"; S. 1859. An act to restructure payment 1859, 2006, 2061, 2570, H.R. 5237. An act to provide for the protec­ terms and conditions for loans made by the S. H.R. H.R. H.R. tion of native American graves, and for other Secretary of the Interior to the Wolf Trap H.R. 3095, H.R. 3703, H.R. 3789, H.R. 4834, purposes; Foundation for the Performing Arts for the H.R. 5390, and H.R. 5428 were signed on H.R. 5264. An act to authorize modification reconstruction of the Filene Center in Wolf November 19, 1990, subsequent to the of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Trap Farm Park in Fairfax County, VA, and sine die adjournment of the Congress, Refuge; for other purposes; by the President pro tempore [Mr. H.R. 5308. An act to approve the Fort Hall S. 1893. An act to reauthorize the Asbestos BYRD]. Indian Water Rights Settlement, and for School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984; other purposes; S. 2628. An act to amend the Public Health ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED H.R. 5419. An act to designate the Federal Service Act to reauthorize certain National Under the authority of the order of Building at 88West100 North in Provo, Utah, Institute of Mental Health grants and to im­ as the "J. Will Robinson Federal Building"; prove provisions concerning the State com­ the Senate of January 3, 1989, the Sec­ H.R. 5497. An act to authorize the Sec­ prehensive mental health services plan, and retary of the Senate, on November 13, retary of the Interior to acquire certain for other purposes; · 1990, subsequent to the sine die ad­ lands to be added to the Fort Raleigh Na­ S. 2740. An act to provide for the conserva­ journment of the Congress, received a tional Historic Site in North Carolina; tion and development of water and related message from the House of Represen ta­ H.R. 5567. An act to authorize inter­ resources, to authorize the United States tives announcing that the Speaker has national narcotics control activities for fis­ Army Corps of Engineers civil works pro­ cal year 1991, and for other purposes; gram to construct various projects for im­ signed the following enrolled bills: H.R. 5708. An act to authorize acquisition provements to the Nation's infrastructure, S. 1630. An act to amend the Clean Air Act of certain real property for the Library of and for other purposes; to provide for attainment and maintenance Congress, and for other purposes; S. 2834. An act to authorize appropriations of health protective national ambient air H.R. 5909. An act to establish the Florida for fiscal year 1991 for the intelligence ac­ quality standards, and for other purposes; Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and for tivities of the United States Government, and other purposes; the Intelligence Community Staff, and the H.R. 5316. An act to provide for the ap­ S.J. Res. 357. Joint resolution to designate Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and pointment of additional Federal circuit and October 1--31, 1991, as "Community Center Disability System, and for other purposes; district judges, and for other purposes. Month"; S. 3012. An act to amend the Independent Under the authority of the order of H.J. Res. 562. Joint resolution designating Safety Board Act of 1974 to authorize appro­ October 21 through 27, 1990 as "National Hu­ priations for fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993, the Senate of January 3, 1989, the en­ manities Week"; and for other purposes; rolled bill S. 1630 was signed on Novem­ H.J. Res. 606. Joint resolution designating S. 3266. An act to control crime; ber 13, 1990, subsequent to the sine die February 16, 1991, as "Lithuanian Independ­ H.R. 987. An act to amend the Alaska Na­ adjournment of the Congress, by the ence Day"; tional Interest Lands Conservation Act, to President pro tempore [Mr. BYRD]. H.J. Res. 652. Joint resolution to designate protect certain lands in the Tongass Na­ Under the authority of the order of March 25, 1991, as "National Medal of Honor tional Forest in perpetuity, to modify cer­ the Senate of January 3, 1989, the en­ Day"; and tain long-term timber contracts, to provide 5316 H.J. Res. 657. Joint resolution granting the for the protection of riparian habitat, and rolled bill H.R. was signed on No­ consent of Congress to amendments to the for other purposes; vember 19, 1990, subsequent to the sine Delaware-New Jersey Compact, and for other H.R. 2006. An act to expand the powers of die adjournment of the Congress, by purposes. the Indian Arts and Crafts Board, and for the President pro tempore [Mr: BYRD]. other purposes; Under the authority of the order of ENROLLED BILL AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS the Senate of January 3, 1989, the en­ H.R. 2061. An act to authorize appropria­ tions to carry out the Magnuson Fishery SIGNED rolled bills and joint resolutions were Conservation and Management Act through Under the authority of the order of signed on November 9, 1990, subsequent fiscal year 1993, and for other purposes; the Senate of January 3, 1989, the Sec­ to the sine die adjournment of the Con­ H.R. 2570. An act to provide for the des­ retary of the Senate, on November 15, gress by the Vice President. ignation of certain public 11:mds as wilderness 1990, subsequent to the sine dine ad­ ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED in the State of Arizona; journment of the Congress, received a Under the authority of the order of H.R. 3095. An act to amend the Federal message from the House of Representa­ 3, 1989, Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to make im­ the Senate of January the Sec­ provements in the regulation of medical de­ tives announcing that the Speaker has retary of the Senate, on November 9, vices; signed the following enrolled bill and 1990, subsequent to the sine die ad­ H.R. 3703. An act to authorize Rumsey In­ joint resolutions: journment of the Senate, received a dian Rancheria to convey a parcel of land; S. 1939. An act to extend the authorization message from the House of Representa­ H.R. 3789. An act to amend the Stewart B. of appropriations for the Taft Institute; tives announcing that the Speaker has McKinney Homeless Assistance Act to ex­ S.J. Res. 329. Joint resolution to designate signed the following enrolled bills: tend programs providing urgently needed as­ the week of November 3, 1990, to November S. 303. An act to establish a framework for sistance for the homeless, and for other pur­ 10, 1990, as "National Week to Commemorate the conduct of negotiated rulemaking by poses; the Victims of Famine in the Ukraine, 1932- Federal agencies; H.R. 4834. An act to provide for a visitor 1933", and to commemorate the Ukrainian S. 319. An act to effect and exchange of center at Salem Maritime National Historic famine of 1932-1933 and policies of Russifica­ lands between the United States Forest Site in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; tion to suppress Ukrainian identity; and Service and the Salt Lake City Corporation H.R. 5390. An act to prevent and control in­ S.J. Res. 364. Joint resolution to designate within the State of Utah, and for other pur­ festations of the coastal inland waters of the the third week of February 1991 as "National poses; United States by the zebra mussel and other Parents and Teachers Association Week". nonindigenous aquatic nuisance species, to S. 358. An act to amend the Immigration Under the authority of the order of and Nationality Act to change the level, and reauthorize the National Sea Grant College Program, and for other purposes; and the Senate of January 3, 1989, the en­ preference system .for admission, of immi­ rolled bill and joint resolutions were grants to the United States, and to provide H.R. 5428. An act to designate certain pub­ for administrative naturalization, and for lic lands in the State of Illinois as wilder­ signed on November 19, 1990, subse­ other purposes; ness; and for other purposes. quent to the sine die adjournment of S. 566. An act to authorize a new Home In­ Under the authority of the order of the Congress, by the President pro vestment Partnership program, a National the Senate of January 3, 1989, the bills tempore [Mr. BYRD]. January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 23 ENROLLED BILL SIGNED S. 321. An act to revise provisions of law S.J. Res. 357. Joint resolution to designate Under the authority of the order of that provide a preference to Indians; October 1-31, 1991, as "Community Center the Senate of January 3, 1989, the Sec­ S. 459. An act to amend title 35, United Month." States Code, with respect to the use of inven­ On November 13, 1990: retary of the Senate, on November 19, tions in outer space; S. 1630. An act to amend the Clean Air Act 1990, subsequent to the sine die ad­ S. 555. An act to establish in the Depart­ to provide for attainment and maintenance journment of the Congress, received a ment of the Interior the De Soto Expedition of health protective national ambient air message from the House of Representa­ Trail Commission, and for other purposes; quality standards, and for other purposes. tives announcing that the Speaker has S. 605. An act to authorize appropriations On November 19, 1990: signed the following enrolled bill: for the Consumer Product Safety Commis­ S. 303. An act to establish a framework for H.R. 4567. An act to authorize an exchange sion, and for other purposes; the conduct of negotiated rulemaking by of lands in South Dakota and Colorado. S. 620. An act for the relief. of Leroy W. Federal agencies; Shebal of North Pole, AK. S. 319. An act to effect and exchange of Under the authority of the order of S. 639. An act to establish the Spark Mat­ lands between the U.S. Forest Service and the Senate of January 3, 1989, the en­ sunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, the Salt Lake City Corp. within the State of rolled bill was signed on November 19, and Demonstration Program Act of 1990; Utah, and for other purposes; 1990, subsequent to the sine die ad­ S. 677. An act to amend the Arctic Re­ S. 566. An act to authorize a new HOME In­ journment of the Congress, by the search and Policy Act of 1984 to improve and vestment Partnership Program, a National President pro tempore [Mr. BYRD]. clarify its provisions; Home Ownership Trust Program, and HOPE S. 1805. An act to authorize the Secretary programs, to amend and extend certain laws of the Interior to reinstate oil and gas lease relating to housing, community and neigh­ MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE LA 033164; borhood preservation, and related programs, S. 1931. An act to amend title 11 of the and for other purposes; At 6:58 p.m., a message from the United States Code with respect to the S. 845. An act to amend the Federal Food, House of Representatives, delivered by nondischargeability of debts arising from un­ Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revitalize the Mr. Hays, one of its reading clerks, an­ lawful driving while intoxicated or impaired Food and Drug Administration, and for other nounced that the House has agreed to and arising from restitution imposed for purposes; the following resolution: committing crimes; S. 1893. An act to reauthorize the Asbestos S. 2056. An act to establish a program of School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984; H. Res. 2. A resolution informing the Sen­ grants for the development of State plans for S. 2628. An act to amend the Public Health ate that Thomas S. Foley, a Representative meeting the objectives established by the Service Act to reauthorize certain National from the State of Washington, has been Secretary of Health and Human Services for Institute of Mental Health grants and to im­ elected Speaker of the House; and that the health status of the population of the prove provisions concerning the State com­ Donnald K. Anderson, a citizen of the State United States for the year 2000; prehensive mental health services plan, and of California, has been elected Clerk of the S. 2287. An act to authorize appropriations for other purposes; House. for the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ S. 2740. An act to provide for the conserva­ H. Res. 3. A resolution notifying the Sen­ ministration for research and development, tion and development of water and related ate of the appointment of a committee on space flight, control and data communica­ resources, to authorize the U.S. Army Corps the part of the House, to join with a commit­ tions, construction of facilities, and research of Engineers civil works program to con­ tee on the part of the Senate to notify the and program management, and for other pur­ struct various projects for improvements to President that a quorum of each House is as­ poses; the Nation's infrastructure, and for other sembled and is ready to receive any commu­ S. 2566. An act to establish the Smith River purposes; nication that he may be pleased to make. National Recreation Area,. to redesignate S. 2830. An act to extend and revise agri­ the Sunset Crater National Monument, and cultural price support and related programs, for other purposes; to provide for agricultural export, resource ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT S. 2789. An act to authorize appropriations conservation, farm credit, and agricultural RESOLUTIONS PRESENTED for the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of research and related programs, to ensure The Secretary of the Senate reported 1977, and for other purposes; consumers an abundance of food and fiber at S. 2857. An act to amend the Public Health reasonable prices, and for other purposes; that he had presented to the President Service Act with respect to certain programs S. 2834. An act to authorize appropriations of the United States the following en­ for the National Institutes of Health; for fiscal year 1991 for the intelligence ac­ rolled bills and joint resolutions: S. 2930. An act to eliminate "substantial tivities of the U.S. Government, the Intel­ On November 6, 1990: documentary evidence" requirement for ligence Community Staff, and the Central S. 3187. An act to address immediate prob­ minimum wage determination for American Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disabil­ lems affecting environmental cleanup activi­ Samoa, and for other purposes; ity System, and for other purposes; ties; S. 2936. An act to amend the Hazardous Ma­ S. 3012. An act to amend the Independent S.J. Res. 206. Joint resolution calling for terials Transportation Act to authorize ap­ Safety Board Act of 1974 to authorize appro­ the United States to encourage immediate propriations for fiscal years 1990, 1991, and priations for fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993, negotiations toward a new agreement among 1992, and for other purposes; and for other purposes; and Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, for S. 2946. An act to amend the Public Health S. 3266. An act to control crime. the full protection of Antarctica as a global Service Act to revise and extend the program On November 20, 1990: ecological commons; establishing the National Bone Marrow S. 1859. An act to restructure repayment S.J. Res. 302. Joint resolution providing for Donor Registry, and for other purposes; terms and conditions for loans made by the the reappointment of Anne Legendre Arm­ S. 3069. An act to provide a method of lo­ Secretary of the Interior to the Wolf Trap strong as a citizen regent of the Smithsonian cating private and Government research on Foundation for the Performing Arts for the Institution; and environmental issues by geographic location; reconstruction of the Filene Center in Wolf S.J. Res. 369. Joint resolution designating S. 3084. An act to provide for the settle­ Trap Farm Park in Fairfax County, VA, and 1991 as the "Year of Thanksgiving for the ment of water rights claims of the Fallon for other purposes; Blessings of Liberty." Paiute Shoshone Indian Tribes, and for other S. 1939. An act to extend the -authorization On November 8, 1990: purposes; of appropriations for the Taft Institute; S. 1430. An act to enhance national and S. 3156. An act to correct a clerical error in S.J. Res. 329. Joint resolution to designate community service, and for other purposes; Public Law 101-383; the week of November 3, 1990, to November and S. 3176. An act to promote environmental 10, 1990, as "National Week to Commemorate S.J. Res. 375. Joint resolution to designate education, and for other purposes; the Victims of the Famine in the Ukraine, October 30, 1990, as "Refuge Day." S. 3215. An act to authorize the transfer by 1932-33," and to commemorate the Ukrainian November 9, 1990: lease of a specified naval landing ship dock famine of the 1932-33 and the policies of Rus­ S. 169. An act to require the establishment to the Government of Brazil; sification to suppress Ukrainian identity; of a U.S. Global Change Research Program S. 3237. An act to authorize the Secretary and aimed at understanding and responding to of the Treasury to sell certain silver proof S.J. Res. 364. Joint resolution to designate global change, including the cumulative ef­ coin sets; the 3d week of February 1991 as "National fects of human activities and natural proc­ S.J. Res. 318. Joint resolution providing for Parents and Teachers Association Week." esses on the environment, to promote discus­ the appointment of Ira Michael Heyman as a On November 26, 1990: sions toward international protocols in glob­ citizen regent of the Smithsonian Institu­ S. 358. An act to amend the Immigration al change research, and for other purposes; tion; and and Nationality Act to change the level, and 24 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 preference system for admission, of immi­ tion land conservation, and for other pur­ November 15, 1990: grants to the United States, and to provide poses; S. 459. An act to amend title 35, United for administrative naturalization, and for S. 2737. An act to require the Secretary of States Code, with respect to the use of inven­ other purposes. the Treasury to mint a silver dollar coin in tions in outer space; commemoration of the 38th anniversary of S. 620. An act for the relief of Leroy W. the ending of the Korean war and in honor of Sahebal of North Pole, AK: those who served; S. 639. An act to establish the Spark M. PRESIDENTIAL APPROVALS S. 2753. An act to revise and extend the De­ Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Develop­ velopmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill ment, and Demonstration Program Act of A message from the President of the of Rights Act; 1990; United States announced that he had S. 2732. An act to designate the planned De­ S. 1630. An act to amend the Clean Air Act approved and signed the following en­ partment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center to provide for attainment and maintenance rolled bills and joint resolutions: in Honolulu, HA, as the "Spark M. Matsu­ of health protective national ambient air October 24, 1990: naga Department of Veterans Affairs Medi­ quality standards, and for other purposes; S. 2017. An act to provide permanent en­ cal Center"; S. 1805. An act to authorize the Secretary dowment for the Eisenhower Exchange Fel­ S. 3216. An act to designate the Depart­ of the Interior to reinstate oil and gas lease lowship Program; ment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in LA 033164; S. 2540. An act to authorize the Board of Charleston, SC, as the "Ralph H. Johnson S. 1931. An act to amend title 11 of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution to Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Cen­ United States Code with respect to the plan, design, construct, and equip space in ter"; nondischargeability of debts arising from un­ the east court of the National Museum of S.J. Res. 293. Joint resolution to designate lawful driving while intoxicated or impaired Natural History Building, and for other pur­ November 16, 1990, as "National Philan­ and arising from restitution imposed for poses; thropy Day"; committing crimes; S. 3046. An act to redesignate the Federal S.J. Res. 307. Joint resolution designating S. 2056. An act to establish a program of building located at One Bowling Green in November 11 through November 17, 1990, as grants for the development of State plans for New York, NY, as the "Alexander Hamilton "National Women Veterans Recognition meeting the objectives established by the United States Custom House"; Week"; Secretary of Health and Human Services for S. 3127. An act to designate the Depart­ S.J. Res. 324. Joint resolution designating the health status of the population of the ment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in June 2 through 8, 1991, as a "Week for the United States for the year 2000; Albany, NY, as the "Samuel S. Stratton De­ National Observance of the 50th Anniversary S. 2930. An act to eliminate "substantial partment of Veterans Affairs Medical Cen­ of World War !I"; documentary evidence" requirement for ter"; S.J. Res. 353. Joint resolution to designate minimum wage determination for American S.J. Res. 342. Joint resolution designating September 1991 as "National Rice Month"; Samoa, and for other purposes; October 1990 as "Ending Hunger Month"; and S. 3187. An act to address immediate prob­ S.J. Res. 346. Joint resolution to designate S.J. Res. 388. Joint resolution waiving cer­ lems affecting environmental cleanup activi­ October 20 through 28, 1990, as "National Red tain enrollment requirements with respect ties; Ribbon Week for a Drug-Free America"; and to S. 2830, the Food, Agriculture, Conserva­ S. 3215. An act to authorize the transfer by tion and Trade Act fo 1990. lease of a specified naval landing ship dock S.J. Res. 349. Joint resolution designating November 2, 1990: to the Government of Brazil; October 1990 as "Italian-American Heritage S. 2846. An act to authorize and direct the S. 3237. An act to authorize the Secretary and Culture Month." Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study of the Treasury to sell certain silver proof October 25, 1990: of the feasibility of establishing a unit of the coin sets; S.J. Res. 158. Joint resolution designating National Park System to interpret and com­ S.J. Res. 302. Joint resolution providing for October 21 through October 27, 1990, as memorate the origins, development, and pro­ reappointment of Anne Legendre Armstrong "World Population Awareness Week." gression of jazz in the United States, and for as a citizen regent of the Smithsonian Insti­ October 30, 1990: other purposes; and tution; S. 1824. An act to amend the Education of S. 3016. An act for the refief of Janice and S.J. Res. 318. Joint resolution providing for the Handicapped Act to revise and extend Leslie Sedore and Ruth Hillman. appointment of Ira Michael Heyman as a cit­ the programs established in parts C through November 6, 1990: izen regent of the Smithsonian Institution; G of such act, and for other purposes; S. 1890. An act to amend title 5, United S.J. Res. 357. Joint resolution to designate S. 2167. An act to reauthorize the Tribally States Code, to provide relief from certain October 1-31, 1991, as "Community Center Controlled Community College Assistance inequities remaining in the crediting of Na­ Month"; and Act of 1978 and the Navajo Community Col­ tional Guard technician service in connec­ S.J. Res. 369. Joint resolution designating lege Act; tion with civil service retirement, and for 1991 as the "Year of Thanksgiving for the S. 3091. An act to amend the act incor­ . other purposes; Blessings of Liberty." porating the American Legion so as to rede­ S. 3043. An act for the relief of Nebraska November 16, 1990: fine eligibility for membership therein; Aluminum Casings, Inc.; and S. 169. An act to require the establishment S.J. Res. 270. Joint resolution to designate S. 3062. An act to transfer the responsibil­ of a United States Global Change Research the period commencing February 17, 1991, ity for operation and maintenance of High­ Program aimed at understanding and re­ and ending February 23, 1991, as "National way 82 bridge at Greenville, MS, to the sponding to global change, including the cu­ Visiting Nurse Associations Week"; States of Mississippi and Arkansas. mulative effects of human activities and nat­ S.J. Res. 323. Joint resolution designating November 7, 1990: ural processes on the environment, to pro­ November 11through17, 1990, as "Geography S. 2516. An act to augment and improve the mote duscussions toward international pro­ Awareness Week"; quality of international data compiled by tocols in global change research, and for S.J. Res. 347. Joint resolution designating the Bureau of Economic Analysis under the other purposes; April 7 through 13, 1991, as "National County International Investment and Trade in Serv­ S. 555. An act to establish in the Depart­ Government Week"; ices Survey Act by allowing that agency to ment of the Interior the De Soto Expedition S.J. Res. 351. Joint resolution to designate share statistical establishment list informa­ Trail Commission, and for other purposes; the month of May 1991 as "National Trauma tion compiled by the Bureau of the Census, S. 605. An act to authorize appropriations Awareness Month"; and for other purposes. for the Consumer Product Safety Commis­ S.J. Res. 362. Joint resolution to designate November 8, 1990: sion, and for other purposes; the period commencing on November 18, 1990, S. 580. An act to require institutions of S. 677. An act to amend the Arctic Re­ and ending on November 24, 1990, as "Na­ higher education receiving Federal financial search and Policy Act of 1984 to improve and tional Adoption Week"; and assistance to provide certain information clarify its provisions; S.J. Res. 366. Joint resolution to designate with respect to the graduation rates of stu­ S. 1430. An act to enhance national and March 30, 1991, as "National Doctors Day." dent-athletes at such lnstitutions; community service, and for other purposes; October 31, 1990: S. 1756. An act to provide for the preserva­ S. 2287. An act to authorize appropriations S. 1747. An act to provide for the restora­ tion and interpretation of sites associated to the National Aeronautics and Space Ad­ tion of Federal recognition to the Ponca with Acadian culture in the State of Maine; ministration for research and development, Tribe of Nebraska, and for other purposes; and space flight, control and data communica­ S. 2059. An act to establish the Weir Farm S.J. Res. 375. Joint resolution to designate tions, construction of facilities, and research National Historic Site in the State of Con­ October 30, 1990, as "Refugee Day." and program management, and for other pur­ necticut; November 14, 1990: poses; , S. 2203. An act to authorize appropriation S. 3156. An act to correct a clerical error in S. 2566. An act to establish the Smith River of funds to the Zuni Indian Tribe for reserva- Public Law 101-383. National Recreation Area, to redesignate the January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25 Sunset Crater National Monument, and for 10, 1990, as "National Week to Commemorate on Labor and Human Resources, the Com­ other purposes; the Victims of the Famine in the Ukraine, mittee on Rules and Administration, the S. 2789. An act to authorize appropriations 1982-33," and to commemorate the Ukrainian Committee on Small Business, the Commit­ for the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of famine of 1932-33 and the policies of Rus­ tee on Veterans' Affairs, the Special Com­ 1977, and for other purposes; sification to suppress Ukrainian identity; mittee on Aging, the Select Committee on S. 2857. An act to amend the Public Health and Indian Affairs, and the Select Committee on Service Act with respect to certain programs S.J. Res. 364. Joint resolution to designate Intelligence. for the National Institutes of Health; the 3d week of February 1991 as "National EC-4. A communication from the Director S. 2936. An act to amend the Hazardous Ma­ Parents and Teachers Association Week." of the Congressional Budget Office, trans­ terials Transportation Act to authorize ap­ November 29, 1990: mitting, pursuant to law, the Final Seques­ propriations for fiscal years 1990, 1991, and S. 303. An act to establish a framework for tration Report for Fiscal Year 1991; pursuant 1992, and for other purposes; the conduct of negotiated rulemaking by to the order of January 3, 1975, as modified S. 2946. An act to amend the· Public Health Federal agencies; on April 11, 1986, referred jointly to the Com­ Service Act to revise and extend the program S. 358. An act to amend the Immigration mittee on Appropriations, the Committee on establishing the National Bone Marrow and Nationality Act to change the level, and the Budget, the Committee on Agriculture, Donor Registry, and for other purposes; preference system for admission, of immi­ Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on S. 3069. An act to provide a method of lo­ grants to the United States, and to provide Armed Services, the Committee on Banking, cating private and Government research on for administrative naturalization, and for Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee environmental issues by geographic location; other purposes; and on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, S. 3084. An act to provide for the settle­ S. 3266. An act to control crime. the Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ ment of water rights claims of the Fallon sources, the Committee on Environment and Paiute Shoshone Indian Tribes, and for other Public Works, the Committee on Finance, purposes; EXECUTIVE AND OTHER the Committee on Foreign Relations, the S. 3176. An act to promote environmental COMMUNICATIONS Committee on Governmental Affairs, the education, and for other purposes; and The following communications were Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee S.J. Res. 206. Joint resolution calling for on Labor and Human Resources, the Com­ the United States to encourage immediate laid before the Senate, together with mittee on Rules and Administration, the negotiations toward a new agreement among accompanying papers, reports, and doc­ Committee on Small Business, the Commit­ Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, for uments, which were referred as indi­ tee on Veterans' Affairs, the Special Com­ the full protection of Antarctica as a global cated. mittee on Aging, the Select Committee on ecological commons. EC-1. A communication from the Director Indian Affairs, and the Select Committee on November 28, 1990: of the Office of Management and Budget, Ex­ Intelligence. S. 319. An act to effect an exchange of ecutive Office of the President, transmitting, EC-5. A communication from the Comp­ lands between the U.S. Forest Service and pursuant to law, a cumulative report on troller General of the United States, trans­ the Salt Lake City Corp. within the State of budget rescissions and deferrals dated No­ mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report Utah, and for other purposes; vember 1, 1990; pursuant to the order of Jan­ on the determination of the 1990 fiscal year S. 566. An act to authorize a new HOME In­ uary 30, 1975, as modified on April 11, 1986, re­ interest rate on rural telephone bank loans; vestment Partnerships Program, a National ferred jointly to the Committee on Appro­ to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, Home Ownership Trust Program, and HOPE priations and the Committee on the Budget. and Forestry. Programs, to amend and extend certain laws EC-2. A communication from the Director EC-6. A communication from the Sec­ relating to housing, community and neigh­ of the Office of Management and Budget, Ex­ retary of Agriculture, transmitting, pursu­ borhood preservation, and related programs, .ecutive Office of the President, transmiting, ant to law, the 1990 update of the Assessment and for other purposes; pursuant to law, the Final OMB Sequester of Impact of Current USDA Foreign Assist­ S. 845. An act to amend the Federal Food, Report for Fiscal Year 1991; pursuant to the ance Activities on United States Agricul­ Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revitalize the order of January 30, 1975, as modified on tural Exports; to the Committee on Agri­ Food and Drug Administration, and for other April 11, 1986, referred jointly to the Com­ culture, Nutrition, and Forestry. purposes; mittee on Appropriations, the Committee on EC-7. A communication from the Comp­ S. 1859. An act to restructure repayment the Budget, the Committee on Agriculture, troller of the Department of Defense, trans­ terms and conditions for loans made by the Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on mitting, pursuant to law, a report on the Secretary of the Interior to the Wolf Trap Armed Services, the Committee on Banking, transfer of certain funds within the Depart­ Foundation for the Performing Arts for the Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee ment of Defense; to the Committee on Ap­ reconstruction of the Filene Center in Wolf on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, propriations. Trap Farm Park in Fairfax County, VA, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ EC-8. A communication from the Director for other purposes; sources, the Committee on Environment and of the Office of Management and Budget, Ex­ S. 1893. An act to reauthorize the Asbestos Public Works, the Committee on Finance, ecutive Office of the President, transmitting, School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984; the Committee on Foreign Relations, the pursuant to law, a report that amounts ap­ S. 1939. An act to extend the authorization Committee on Governmental Affairs, the propriated to the Board for International of appropriations for the Taft Institute; Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee Broadcasting for grants to Radio Free Eu­ S. 2628. An act to amend the Public Health on Labor and Human Resources, the Com­ rope/Radio Liberty, Inc. are less than the Service Act to reauthorize certain National mittee on Rules and Administration, the amount necessary due to exchange rate Institute of Mental Health grants and to im­ Committee on Small Business, the Commit­ losses in September in the fourth quarter of prove provisions concerning the State com­ tee on Veterans' Affairs, the Special Com­ fiscal year 1990; to the Committee on Appro­ prehensive mental health services plan, and mittee on Aging, the Select Committee on priations. for other purposes; Indian Affairs, and the Select Committee on EC-9. A communication from the Sec­ S. 2740. An act to provide for the conserva­ Intelligence. retary of the Air Force, transmitting, pursu­ tion and development of water and related EC-3. A communication from the Director ant to law, a report on an increase in the resources, to authorize the U.S. Army Corps of the Office of Management and Budget, Ex­ cost of a defense acquisition program by of Engineers civil works program to con­ ecutive Office of the President, transmitting, more than 15 percent; to the Committee on struct various projects for improvements to pursuant to law, the President's Final Se­ Armed Services. the Nations infrastructure, and for other quester Order for Fiscal Year 1991; pursuant EC-10. A communication from the Director purposes; to the order of January 3, 1975, as modified of the Defense Security Assistance Agency, S. 2830. An act to extend and revise agri­ on April 11, 1986, referred jointly to the Com­ transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on cultural price support and related programs, mittee on Appropriations, the Committee on the Department of the Army's letter of offer to provide for agricultural export, resource the Budget, the Committee on Agriculture, to Egypt for defense articles estimated to conservation, farm credit, and agricultural Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on cost in excess of $50 million; to the Commit­ research and related programs, to ensure Armed Services, the Committee on Banking, tee on Armed Services. consumers an abundance of food and fiber at Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee EC-11. A communication from the Under reasonable prices, and for other purposes; on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Secretary of Defense (Acquisition), transmit­ S. 3012. An act to amend the Independent the Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ ting, pursuant to law, the Selected Acquisi­ Safety Board Act of 1974 to authorize appro­ sources, the Committee on Environment and tion Reports for the quarter ending Septem­ priations for fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993, Public Works, the Committee on Finance, ber 30, 1990; to the Committee on Armed and for other purposes; the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Services. S.J. Res. 329. Joint resolution to designate Committee on Governmental Affairs, the EC-12. A communication from the Defense the week of November 3, 1990, to November Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee Security Assistance Agency, transmitting, 26 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 pursuant to law, a report on the Department mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled nonmarket economy countries; to the Com­ of the Army's proposed letter of offer to "Financial Audit: Government National mittee on Finance. Egypt for defense articles estimated to cost Mortgage Association's 1989 Financial State­ E~. A communication from the Sec­ in excess of $50 million; to the Committee on ments"; to the Committee on Banking, retary of Health and Human Services, trans­ Armed Services. Housing, and Urban Affairs. mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled EC-13. A communication from the Presi­ EC-26. A communication from the Sec­ "Electronic Media Claims"; to the Commit­ dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ retary of Housing and Urban Development, tee on Finance. suant to law, a report on the Potential Ef­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the report on E~. A communication from the Presi­ fects of Space Nuclear Reactors on Gamma­ the availability and use of mortgage credit dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ Ray Astronomy Missions; to the Committee in rural areas; to the Committee on Banking, suant to law, notice of his intention to des­ on Armed Services. Housing, and Urban Affairs. ignate Nicaragua as a beneficiary of the EC-14. A communication from the Presi­ EC-27. A communication from the Admin­ trade-liberalizing measuers provided for in dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ istrator of General Services, transmitting, the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act; suant to law, an executive order entitled pursuant to law, the thirteenth quarterly re­ to the Committee on Finance. " National Emergency Construction Author­ port on Federal actions taken to assist the EC-40. A communication from the Assist­ ity"; to the Committee on Armed Services. homeless; to the Committee on Banking, ant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs), EC-15, A communication from the Presi­ Housing, and Urban Development. transmitting, pursuant to law, notice that a dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ EC-28. A communication from the Presi­ reward has been paid; to the Committee on suant to law, an executive order extending dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ Foreign Relations. the period of active duty with respect to the suant to law, an executive order declaring a EC-41. A communication from the Assist­ Coast Guard units assigned to active duty to national emergency with respect to the pro­ ant Legal Advisor for Treaty Affairs, Depart­ serve as members of the Selected Reserve; to liferation of chemical and biological weap­ ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to the Committee on Armed Services. ons; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, law, a report on international agreements, EC-16. A communication from the Director and Urban Development. other than treaties, entered into by the of the Defense Security Assistance Agency, EC-29. A communication from the Presi­ United States in the sixty day period prior transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on dent and Chairman of the Export-Import to October 25, 1990; to the Committee on For­ the Department of the Army's proposed let­ Bank of the United States, transmitting, eign Relations. ter of offer to Korea for defense articles esti­ pursuant to law, a report with respect to a EC-42. A communication from the Assist­ mated to cost in excess of S50 million; to the transaction involving U.S. exports to the ant legal Advisor for Treaty Affairs, Depart­ Committee on Armed Services. State of Bahrain; to the Committee on Bank­ ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to EC-17 .. A communication from the Presi­ ing, Housing, and Urban Development. law, a report on international agreements, dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ EC--30. A communication from the Sec­ other than treaties, entered into by the suant to law, a report on U.S. antisatellite retary of Transportation, transmitting, pur­ United States in the sixty day period prior weapon activities and the survivability of suant to law, a report entitled "The Effect of to November 8, 1990; to the Committee on U.S. satellites against current and potential Airline Deregulation on the Level of Air Foreign Relations. antisatellite weapons deployed by the Soviet Safety"; to the Committee on Commerce, EC-43. A communication from the Assist­ Union; to the Committee on Armed Services. Science, and Transportation. ant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs), EC-18. A communication from the Under E~l. A communication from the Chair­ transmitting, for the information of the Sen­ Secretary of Defense, transmitting, pursuant man of the National Transportation Board, ate, the schedule of the Western European to law, a baseline deviation notice concern­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ Union Assembly for December 3-6, 1990; to ing the T-45TS program; to the Committee port of the Board for calendar year 1989; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. on Armed Services. the Committee on Commerce, Science, and EC-44. A communication from the Assist­ EC-19. A communication from the Director Transportation. ant Secretary of State (legislative Affairs), of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agen­ E~2. A communication from the Admin­ transmitting, pursuant to law, a Presidential cy, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report istrator of the Federal Aviation Administra­ determination and supporting justification entitled "Report to the Congress on Defense tion, Department of Transportation, trans­ and additional information; to the Commit­ Industry Conversion; to the Committee on mitting, pursuant to law, a report on an ex­ tee on Foreign Relations. Armed Services. panded program of human performance re­ EC-45. A communication from the Assist­ EC-20. A communication from the Assist­ search, including the development of a na­ ant Secretary of the State (Legislative Af­ ant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition), tional plan for aeronautical human factors fairs), transmitting, pursuant to law, notice transmitting, pursuant to law, notice that research and detailed information on air that the President has authorized the use of the· Air Force plans to conduct a cost com­ traffic controller performance research; to assistance from the U.S. Emergency Refugee parison of Gila Bend Air Force Auxiliary the Committee on Commerce, Science, and and Migration Assistance Fund for urgent Field and Barry M. Goldwater, Range; to the Transportation. needs of refugees and conflict victims in Af­ Committee on Armed Services. EC-33. A communication from the Sec­ rica, Asia, and Near East/South Asia; to the EC-21. A communication from the Assist­ retary of Transportation, transmitting, pur­ Committee on Foreign Relations. ant Secretary of Defense (Force Management suant to law, the annual report on the Na­ EC-46. A communication from the Presi­ and Personnel), transmitting, pursuant to tional Airway System for fiscal year 1989; to dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ law, the annual report on the financial sta­ the Committee on Commerce, Science, and suant to law, notice that the national emer­ tus of the Military Retirement System for Transportation. gency with respect to Iran will remain in ef­ fiscal year 1989; to the Committee on Armed E~. A communication from the Sec­ fect; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Services. retary of Transportation, transmitting, pur­ EC-47. A communication from the Presi­ EC-22. A communication from the Prin­ suant to law, the annual report on the rel­ dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ cipal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense ative cost of shipbuilding in the various suant to law, a report on recent develop­ (Production and Logistics), transmitting, coastal districts of the United States for cal­ ments in the Persian Gulf region; to the pursuant to law, the Base Structure Report endar year 1989; to the Committee on Com­ Committee on Foreign Relations. for Fiscal Year 1991; to the Committee on merce, Science, and Transportation. EC-48. A communication from a Member of Armed Services. EC-35. A communication from the Sec­ the Board of Directors of the Farm Credit In­ EC-23. A communication from the Deputy retary of Transportation, transmitting, pur­ surance Corporation, transmitting, pursuant Secretary of Defense, transmitting, pursuant suant to law, the final report on the study of to law, the annual report on the status of to law, certification that the current five the use of tonnage in U.S. laws and regula­ audit and investigative coverage for fiscal year defense program fully funds the support tions; to the Committee on Commerce, year 1989; to the Committee on Govern­ costs associated with the 4000 LB Rough Ter­ Science, and Transportation. mental Affairs. rain Forklift program; to the Committee on E~. A communication from the Sec­ EC-49. A communication from the Director Armed Services. retary of Health and Human Services, trans­ of the Institute of Museum Services, trans­ EC-24. A communication from the Sec­ mitting, pursuant to law, a report on Out-Of­ mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report retary of Housing and Urban Development, Pocket Costs of Medicare Beneficiaries for on audit and investigative coverage for fiscal transmitting, pursuant to law, the 1989 an­ Physician Services; to the Committee on Fi­ year 1990; to the Committee on Govern­ nual Civil Rights Data Report on Applicants nance. mental Affairs. and Beneficiaries of HUD Programs; to the E~7. A communication from the Acting EC-50. A communication from the Admin­ Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Chairman of the United States International istrator of the Environmental Protection Affairs. Trade Commission, transmitting, pursuant Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, the EC-25. A communication from the Comp­ to law, the sixty-third quarterly report on annual report on actions taken under the troller General of the United States, trans- trade between the United States and the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act for fiscal January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 27 year 1990; to the Cammi ttee on Govern­ EC-64. A communication from the Director Canal National Heritage Corridor Commis­ mental Affairs. of the U.S. Trade and Development Program, sion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the an­ EC-51. A communication from the Chair­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ nual report of the Commission on audit and man of the Pennsylvania Avenue Develop­ port on the system of internal controls and investigative activities for fiscal year 1990; ment Corporation, transmitting, pursuant to administrative procedures in effect during to the Committee on Governmental Affairs. law, the annual report on the status of audit calendar year 1990; to the Committee on Gov­ EC-78. A communication from the District and investigative activities during fiscal ernmental Affairs. of Columbia Auditor, transmitting, pursuant year 1990; to the Cammi ttee on Govern­ EC-65. A communication from the Chair­ to law, a report entitled "Review of Annuity mental Affairs. man of the National Transportation Safety Payments for Retired District of Columbia EC-52. A communication from the Execu­ Board, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Police Officers, Firefighters, and Teachers"; tive Director of the Federal Retirement annual report of the Board on audit and in­ to the Committee on Government Affairs. Thrift Investment Board, transmitting, pur­ vestigative activities for fiscal year 1990; to EC-79. A communication from the Chair­ suant to law, a listing of audit reports issued the Committee on Governmental Affairs. man of the Occupational Safety and Health during fiscal year 1990 regarding the thrift EC--66. A communication from the Chair­ Review Commission, transmitting, pursuant savings plan; to the Committee on Govern­ man of the Commission on Agricultural to law, the annual report of the Commission mental Affairs. Workers, transmitting, for the information on audit and investigative activities for fis­ EC-53. A communication from the Execu­ of the Senate, notice that the audit report of cal year 1990; to the Committee on Govern­ tive Director of the lnteragency Council on the Commission will be transmitted as soon mental Affairs. the Homeless, transmitting, pursuant to law, as it is available; to the Committee on Gov­ EC-80. A communication from the Admin­ the annual report of the Council on audit ernmental Affairs. istrative Officer of the Interstate Commis­ and investigative coverage for fiscal year EC-67. A communication from the Acting sion on the Potomac River Basin, transmit­ 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ Chairman of the Federal Mine Safety and ting, for the information of the Senate, no­ fairs. Health Review Commission, transmitting, tice that the audit report of the Commission EC-54. A communication from the Chair­ pursuant to law, the annual report of the will be submitted on or about January 1, man of the Board of Trustees of the Woodrow Commission on audit and investigative ac­ 1991; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ Wilson Center, transmitting, pursuant to tivities for fiscal year 1990; to the Committee fairs. law, the annual report of the Center on audit on Governmental Affairs. EC-81. A communication from the Chair­ and investigative activities for fiscal year EC--68. A communication from the Deputy man of the Board of Directors of the Farm 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ Director of the Office of Navajo and Hopi In­ Credit System Assistance Board, transmit­ fairs. dian Relocation, transmitting, pursuant to ting, pursuant to law, the annual report of EC-55. A communication from the Gov-' law, the annual audit report of the Office; to the Commission on audit and investigative ernor of the Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, the Committee on Governmental Affairs. activities for fiscal year 1990; to the Commit­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ EC-69. A communication from the Director tee on Governmental Affairs. port of the Home on audit and investigative of the Office of Government Ethics, trans­ EC-82. A communication from the Execu­ activities for fiscal year 1990; to the Commit­ mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report tive Director of the Committee for Purchase tee on Governmental Affairs. of the Office on audit and investigative ac­ from the Blind and Other Severely Handi­ EC-56. A communication from the Sec­ tivities for fiscal year 1990; to the Committee capped, transmitting, pursuant to law, the retary of the Commission of Fine Arts, on Governmental Affairs. annual report of the Commission on audit transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ EC-70. A communication from the Chair­ and investigative activities for fiscal year port of the Commission on audit and inves­ person of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Fed­ 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ tigative activities for fiscal year 1990; to the eral Holiday Commission, transmitting, pur­ fairs. Committee on Governmental Affairs. EC-83. A communication from the Admin­ EC-57. A communication from the Acting suant to law, the annual audit and adminis­ istrator of General Services, transmitting, President of the Inter-American Foundation, trative activities for fiscal year 1990; to the pursuant to law, a determination that it is transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ Committee on Governmental Affairs. necessary to use procedures other than com­ port of the Foundation on audit and inves­ EC-71. A communication from the Staff Di­ petitive procedures with respect to the tigative activities for fiscal year 1990; to the rector and Director of Education of the Com­ amendment of the solicitation for the design Committee on Governmental Affairs. mission on the Bicentennial of the United and construction of a U.S. Courthouse and EC-58. A communication from the Director States Constitution, transmitting, pursuant Federal/Municipal Building in New York, of the Woodrow Wilson Center, transmitting, to law, the annual report of the Commission New York; to the Committee on Govern­ pursuant to law, the annual report on inter­ on audit and investigative activities for fis­ mental Affairs. nal controls and audit procedures in effect cal year 1990; to the Committee on Govern­ EC-84. A communication from the United during calendar year 1990; to the Committee mental Affairs. States Commissioner of the Delaware River on Governmental Affairs. EC-72. A communication from the Chair­ Basin Commission, transmitting, pursuant EC-59. A communication from the Chair­ man of the Postal Rate Commission, trans­ to law, the annual report of the Commission man of the National Mediation Board, trans­ mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report on audit and investigative activities for fis­ mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report of the Commission on audit and investiga­ cal year 1990; to the Committee on Govern­ of the Board on audit and investigative ac­ tive activities for fiscal year 1990; to the mental Affairs. tivities for fiscal year 1990; to the Committee Committee on Governmental Affairs. EC-85. A communication from the United on Governmental Affairs. EC-73. A communication from the Chair­ States Commissioner of the Susquehanna EC-60. A communication from the Director man of the Merit Systems Protection Board, River Basin Commission, transmitting, pur­ of Selective Service, transmitting,. pursuant transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ suant to law, the annual report of the Com­ to law, the annual report on audit and inves­ port of the Board on audit and investigative mission on audit and investigative activities tigative activities for fiscal year 1990; to the activities for fiscal year 1990; to the Commit­ for fiscal year 1990; to the Committee on Committee on Governmental Affairs. tee on Governmental Affairs. Governmental Affairs. EC-61. A communication from the Special EC-74. A communication from the Chair­ EC-86. A communication from the Chair­ Counsel of the United States, transmitting, man of the National Commission on Migrant man of the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship pursuant to law, the annual report on audit Education, transmitting, pursuant to law, and Excellence in Education Foundation, and investigative activities for fiscal year the annual report of the Commission on transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ audit and investigative activities for fiscal port of the Foundation on audit and inves­ fairs. year 1990; to the Committee on Govern­ tigative activities for fiscal year 1990; to the EC-62. A communication from the Presi­ mental Affairs. Committee on Governmental Affairs. dent and Chairman of the Export-Import EC-75. A communication from the District EC-87 . . A communication from the Sec­ Bank of the United States, transmitting, of Columbia Auditor, transmitting, pursuant retary of Health and Human Services, trans­ pursuant to law, the annual report on com­ to law, a report entitled "Overview of the mitting, pursuant to law, a report on the pliance with the Inspector General Act District's Municipal Borrowing Program" ; to limitation imposed on amounts of premium Amendments; to the Committee on Govern­ the Committee on Governmental Affairs. pay for overtime to any individual employed mental Affairs. EC-76. A communication from the Japan­ by, or assigned to, the Indian Health Service; EC-63. A communication from the Chair­ United States Friendship Commission, trans­ to the Select Committee on Indian Affairs. man of the Administrative Conference of the mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report EC-88. A communication from the National United States, transmitting, pursuant to of the Commission on audit and investiga­ Commander of the American Ex-Prisoners of law, the annual report on internal controls tive activities for fiscal year 1990; to the War, transmitting, pursuant to law, the an­ and administrative procedures in effect dur­ Committee on Governmental Affairs. nual audit report of the American Ex-Pris­ ing calendar year 1990; to the Cammi ttee on EC-77. A communication from the Execu­ oners of War for the year ended August 31, Governmental Affairs. tive Director of the Illinois and Michigan 1990; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 28 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 EC-a9. A communication from the Director bursement, Minerals Management Service, the Committee on Environment and Public of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, transmit­ Department of the Interior, transmitting, Works. ting, pursuant to law, the annual report of pursuant to law, a report on the refund of EC-113. A communication from the Inspec­ the Board of Directors of the Federal Bureau certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ tor General, Environmental Protection of Prisons for fiscal year 1989; to the Com­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, the mittee on the Judiciary. EC-102. A communication from the Deputy annual report of the mandated Superfund EC-90. A communication from the Sec­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ audit activities of the Inspector General of retary of Health and Human Services, trans­ bursement, Minerals Management Service, the Environmental Protection Agency for mitting, pursuant to law, the report on the Department of the Interior, transmitting, fiscal year 1989; to the Committee on Envi­ fiscal year 1989 Low Income Home Energy pursuant to law, a report on the refund of ronment and Public Works. Assistance Program; to the Committee on certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ EC-114. A communication from the Admin­ Labor and Human Resources. mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. istrator of the National Aeronautics and EC-91. A communication from the Director EC-103. A communication from the Deputy Space Administration, transmitting, pursu­ of Communications and Legislative Affairs Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ ant to law, the NASA biennial report on the of the Equal Employment Opportunity Com­ bursement, Minerals Management Service, state of our knowledge of the Earth's upper mission, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Department of the Interior, transmitting, atmosphere; to the Committee on Environ­ consolidated annual report of the Commis­ pursuant to law, a report on the refund of ment and Public Works. sion for fiscal years 1986, 1987, and 1988; to certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ EC-115. A communication from the Admin­ the Committee on Labor and Human Re­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. istrator of General Services, transmitting, sources. EC-104. A communication from the Deputy pursuant to law, an informational copy of a EC-92. A communication from the Sec­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ report on building project survey on the need retary of Health and Human Services, trans­ bursement, Minerals Management Service, and feasibility for constructing a parking fa­ mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report Department of the Interior, transmitting, cility at or near the Pirnie Federal Building on the State Legalization Impact Assistance pursuant to law, a report on the refund of in Utica, New York; to the Committee on Grant program for fiscal year 1988; to the certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ Environment and Public Works. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. EC-116. A communication from the Chair­ EC-93. A communication from the Commis­ EC-105. A communication from the Deputy man of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, sioner of the Rehabilitation Services Admin­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on istration, transmitting, pursuant to law, the bursement, Minerals Management Service, abnormal occurrences at licensed nuclear fa­ annual report of the Rehabilitation Services Department of the Interior, transmitting, cilities for the second calendar quarter of Administration for fiscal year 1989; to the pursuant to law, a report on the refund of 1990; to the Committee on Environment and Committee on Labor and Human Resources. certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ Public Works. EC-94. A communication from the Comp­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. EC-117. A communication from the troller General of the United States, trans­ EC-106. A communication from the Deputy Secretray of the Interior, transmitting, pur­ mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ suant to law, a report on the administration "Financial Audit: U.S. Government Printing bursement, Minerals Management Service, of the Marine Mannual Protection Act for Office's Financial Statements for Fiscal Department of the Interior, transmitting, calendar year 1989; to the Committee on En­ Year 1989"; to the Committee on Rules and pursuant to law, a report on the refund of vironment and Public Works. Administration. certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ EC-118. A communication from the Inspec­ EC-95. A communication from the Under mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. tor General, Department of the Interior, Secretary of Defense (Acquisition), transmit­ EC-107. A communication from the Deputy transmitting, pursuant to law, a report enti­ ting, pursuant to law, a report on Depart­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ tled "Superfund Costs Claimed by the De­ ment of Defense Procurement from Small bursement, Minerals Management Service, partment of Energy Under Interagency and Other Business Firms for the period Oc­ Department of the Interior, transmitting, Agreements With the Environmental Protec­ tober 1989 through August 1990; to the Com­ pursuant to law, a report on the refund of tion Agency-Fiscal Year 1989"; to the Com­ mittee on Small Business. certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ mittee on Environment and Public Works. EC-96. A communication from the Comp­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. EC-119. A communication from the Fiscal troller General of the United States, trans­ EC-108. A communication from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, trans­ mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ mitting pursuant to law, the Final Monthly "Financial Audit: Department of Veterans bursem-ent, Minerals Management Service, Treasury Statement of receipts and Outlays Affairs Financial Statements for Fiscal Department of the Interior, transmitting, of the U.S. Government for Fiscal Year Years 1989 and 1988"; to the Committee on pursuant to law, a report on the refund of 1990"; to the Committee on Finance. Veterans Affairs. certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ EC-120. A communication from the Archi­ EC-97. A communication from the Sec­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. tect of the Capitol, transmitting, pursuant retary of Energy transmitting, pursuant to EC-109. A communication from the Sec­ to law, the report of all expenditures during law, the annual report on the State Energy retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to the period April 1 through September 30, 1990 Conservation Program for calendar year 1990; law, a report entitled "1989 Annual Report on from moneys appropriated to the Architect to the Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management of the Capitol; to the Committee on Appro­ sources. Progress"; to the Committee on Energy and priations. EC-98. A communication from the Chair­ Natural Resources. EC-121. A communication from the Sec­ man of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, EC-110. A communication from the Direc­ retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to transmitting, pursuant to law, a certifi­ tor of the Office of Alcohol Fuels, Depart­ law, notice of the decision of the President cation for Vermont under the Low-Level Ra­ ment of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to to extend production of the Naval Petroleum dioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of law, notice of the delay in submission of the Reserves for a three year period beyond April 1985; to the Committee on Energy and Natu­ report entitled "Report and Termination 5, 1991; to the Committee on Armed Services. ral Resources. Plan by the Office of Alcohol Fuels"; to the EC-122. A communication from the Sec­ EC-99. A communication from the Assist­ Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ retary of the Army, transmitting, pursuant ant Secretary of the Interior (Policy, Man­ sources. to law, a report stating that a major defense agement, and Budget), transmitting, pursu­ EC-111. A communication from the Coun­ acquisition program has breached its unit ant to law, the reports of the Bureau of Land selor to the Secretary of the Interior, trans­ cost threshold by more than 25 percent; to Management and the Fish and Wildlife Serv­ mitting a draft of proposed legislation to the Committee on Armed Services. ice on implementation of section 318 of the specify the applicability or inapplicability of EC-123. A communication from the Deputy ·Interior and Related Agencies Appropria­ certain Federal laws to the Commonwealth Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Com­ tions Act through September 1, 1990; to the of the Northern Mariana Islands, and for munications, Computers, and Logistics), Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ other purposes; to the Committee on Energy transmitting, pursant to law, a report on a sources. and Natural Resources. study with respect to converting the admin­ EC-100. A communication from the Deputy EC-112. A communication from the Direc­ istrative support function at Lackland Air · Secretary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant tor of the Office of Civilian Radioactive Force Base, Texas to performance by con­ to law, notification of a delay in the submis­ Waste Management, Department of Energy, tract; to the Committee on Armed Services. sion of the report on reductions of carbon transmitting, pursuant to law, notice of a EC-124. A communication from the Presi­ monoxide emissions; to the Committee on delay in the submission of a comprehensive dent of the United States, transmitting, pur­ Energy and Natural Resources. annual report on activities of the Office for suant to law, a report on developments since EC-101. A communication from the Deputy fiscal years 1989 and 1990; jointly to the Com­ the last report concerning the national Associate Director for Collection and Dis- mittee on Energy and Natural Resources and emergency with respect to Iran; to the Com- January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 29 mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af­ through June 30, 1990; to the Committee on mitting, pursuant to law, a list of reports is­ fairs. Energy and Natural Resources. sued by the General Accounting Office dur­ EC-125. A communication from the Sec­ EC-137. A communication from the Sec­ ing the month of October 1990; to the Com­ retary of the Interstate Commerce Commis­ retary of Energy, the Secretary of the Inte­ mittee on Governmental Affairs. sion, transmitting, pursuant to law, notice rior, and the Acting Director of the National EC-149. A communication from the Direc­ of an extension of time in Formal Docket Science Foundation, transmitting jointly, tor of the Office of Management and Budget, No. 40385, Huron Valley Steel Corporation v. pursuant to law, the second annual report on Executive Office of the President, transmit­ CSX Transporation, Inc., to the Committee the United States Continental Scientific ting, pursuant to law, a certification con­ on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Drilling program dated April 1990; to the cerning a Comptroller General request for a EC-126. A communication from the Admin­ Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ Department of Defense report; to the Com­ istrator of the Federal Aviation Administra­ sources. mittee on Governmental Affairs. tion, Department of Transportation, trans­ EC-138. A communication from the Sec­ EC-150. A communication from the Assist­ mitting, pursuant to law, the semiannual re­ retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to ant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs), port on the effectiveness of the Civil Avia­ law, the draft of the Program Opportunity transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ tion Security program for the period Janu­ Notice for the Clean Coal Technology Pro­ port under the Program Fraud Civil Rem­ ary 1, through June 30, 1989; to the Commit­ gram; to the Committee on Energy and Nat­ edies Act; to the Committee on Govern­ tee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor­ ural Resources. mental Affairs. tation. EC-139. A communication from the Assist­ EC-151. A communication from the Dis­ EC-127. A communication from the Sec­ ant Secretary of the Interior (Water and trict of Columbia Auditor, transmitting, pur­ retary of the Interior, transmitting, pursu­ Science), transmitting, pursuant to law, the suant to law, a report entitled "Performance ant to law, a report entitled "A Study of "High Plains States Groundwater Dem­ Review of PSI Associates, Inc. Under Con­ Land Information"; to the Committee on En­ onstration Program 1990, Interim Report"; tract or Non-Contract Agreements With the ergy and Natural Resources. to the Committee on Energy and Natural Re­ Department of Human Services"; to the EC-128. A communication from the Deputy sources. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ EC-140. A communication from the Chair­ EC-152. A communication from the Dis­ bursement, Minerals Management Service, man of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, trict of Columbia Auditor, transmitting, pur­ Department of the Interior, transmitting, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on suant to law, a report entitled "The District pursuant to law, a report on the refund of the nondisclosure of safeguards information Loses Significant Federal Funds on Forest certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for Haven Programs"; to the Committee on Gov­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. the quarter ended September 30, 1990; to the ernmental Affairs. EC-129. A communication from the Deputy Committee on Environment and Public EC-153. A communication from the Execu­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ Works. tive Director of the Marine . Mammal Com­ bursement, Minerals Management Service, EC-141. A communication from the Admin­ mission, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Department of the Interior, transmitting, istrator of the Environmental Protection annual report of the Commission on audit pursuant to law, a report on the refund of Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, the and investigative activities for fiscal year certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ annual report on the Clean Lakes Dem­ 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. onstration Program for 1989; to the Commit­ fairs. EC-130. A communication from the Deputy tee on Environment and Public Works. EC-142. A communication from the Assist­ EC-154. A communication from the Public Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ ant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs), Printer of the United States, transmitting, bursement, Minerals Management Service, transmitting, pursuant to law, a Presidential pursuant to law, the semiannual report of Department of the Interior, transmitting, determination regarding United Nations con­ the Office of Inspector General for the period pursuant to law, a report on the refund of sensus decision-making procedures, limita­ ending September 30, 1990; to the Committee certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ tions on seconded employees, and reductions on Governmental Affairs. mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. in United Nations Secretariat staff; to the EC-155. A communication from the Chair, EC-131. A communication from the Deputy Committee on Foreign Relations. Vice Chair, and Members of the GAO Person­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ EC-143. A communication from the Assist­ nel Appeals Board, transmitting, pursuant to bursement, Minerals Management Service, ant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs), law, the annual report of the Board for 1989; Department of the Interior, transmitting, transmitting, pursuant to law, the text of to the Committee on Governmental Affairs. pursuant to law, a report on the refund of ILO Convention No. 169 concerning indige­ EC-156. A communication from the Acting certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ nous and tribal peoples in independent coun­ Chairman of the Federal Mari time Commis­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. tries; to the Committee on Foreign Rela­ sion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the EC-132. A communication from the Deputy tions. semiannual report of the Office of Inspector Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ EC-144. A communication from the Assist­ General for the period ending September 30, bursement, Minerals Management Service, ant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs), 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ Department of the Interior, transmitting, transmitting, pursuant to law, a quarterly fairs. pursuant to law, a report on the refund of report concerning human rights activities in EC-157. A communication from the Chair­ certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ Ethiopia for the period July 15 through Octo­ man of the International Trade Commission, mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. ber 14, 1990; to the Committee on Foreign Re­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the semi­ EC-133. A communication from the Deputy lations. annual report of the Office of Inspector Gen­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ EC-145. A communication from the Execu­ eral for the period ended September 30, 1990; bursement, Minerals Management Service, tive Director of the Japan-United States to the Committee on Governmental Affairs. Department of the Interior, transmitting, Friendship Commission, transmitting, pursu­ EC-158. A communication from the Direc­ pursuant to law, a report on the refund of ant to law, the annual report of the Commis­ tor of the United States Peace Corps, trans­ certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ sion for fiscal year 1990; to the Committee on mitting, pursuant to law, the semiannual re­ mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. Foreign Relations. port of the Office of Inspector General for EC-134. A communication from the Deputy EC-146. A communication from the Assist­ the period ended September 30, 1990; to the Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ ant Secretary of State (Legislative Affairs), Committee on Governmental Affairs. bursement, Minerals Management Service, transmitting, pursuant to law, notice of a EC-159. A communication from the Admin­ Department of the Interior, transmitting, Presidential determination that persons flee­ istrator of General Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on the refund of ing Kuwait and Iraq due to the current mili­ pursuant to law, the 1991 Strategic Plan of certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ tary crisis in the Persian Gulf as qualifying the General Services Administration; to the mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. for assistance under the Migration and Refu­ Committee on Governmental Affa.irs. EC-135. A communication from the Deputy gee Assistance Act; to the Committee on EC-160. A communication from the Direc­ Associate Director for Collection and Dis­ Foreign Relations. tor of the Office of Personnel Management, bursement, Minerals Management Service, EC-147. A communication from the Assist­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ Department of the Interior, transmitting, ant Legal Advisor for Treaty Affairs, Depart­ port on Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention, pursuant to law, a report on the refund of ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to Treatment and Rehabilitation programs and certain offshore lease revenues; to the Com­ law, a report on international agreements, services for Federal civilian employees; to mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. other than treaties, entered into by the the Committee on Governmental Affairs. EC-136. A communication from the Sec­ United States in the sixty day period prior EC-161. A communication from the Deputy retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to to November 21, 1990; to the Committee on Assistant to the President for Management law, the eleventh report on enforcement ac­ Foreign Relations. and Director of the Office of Administration, tions and comprehensive status of Exxon and EC-148. A communication from the Comp­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the report on stripper well overcharge funds for April 1 troller General of the United States, trans- personnel employed in the White House Of- . 30 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 3, 1991 fice, the Executive Residence at the White General for the period ended September 30, nounced that the House has agreed to House, the Office of the Vice President, the 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ the following resolution: Office of Policy Development (Domestic Pol­ fairs. icy StafO, and the Office of Administration EC-174. A communication from the Chair­ H. Res. 2. A resolution informing the Sen­ for fiscal year 1990; to the Committee on man of the Oversight Board, Resolution ate that Thomas S. Foley, a Representative Governmental Affairs. Trust Corporation, transmitting, pursuant to from the State of Washington, has been EC-162. A communication from the Chair­ law, the annual report of the Board on audit elected Speaker of the House; and that man of the Federal Housing Finance Board, and investigative activities for fiscal year Donnald K. Anderson, a citizen of the State transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ of California, has been elected Clerk of the port of the Board on audit and investigative fairs. House. activities for fiscal year 1990; to the Commit­ EC-175. A communication from the Sec­ H. Res. 3. A resolution notifying the Sen-· tee on Governmental Affairs. retary of Agriculture, transmitting, pursu­ ate of the appointment of a committee on EC-163. A communication from the Sec­ ant to law, the semiannual report of the Of­ the part of the House, to join with a commit­ retary of Agriculture, transmitting, pursu­ fice of Inspector General for the period ended tee on the part of the Senate to notify the ant to law, the semiannual report of the Of­ September 30, 1990; to the Committee on President that a quorum of each House is as­ fice of Inspector General for the period ended Governmental Affairs. sembled and is ready to receive any commu­ September 30, 1990; to the Committee on EC-176. A communication from the Admin­ nication that he may be pleased to make. Governmental Affairs. istrator of General Services, transmitting, EC-164. A communication from the Chair­ pursuant to law, the semiannual report of man of the United States International Cul­ the Office of Inspector General for the period tural and Trade Center Commission, trans­ ended September 30, 1990; to the Committee REPORTS OF COMMITTEES mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report on Governmental Affairs. The following reports of committees of the Commission on audit and investiga­ EC-177. A communication from the Admin­ were submitted: tive activities for fiscal year 1990; to the istrator of the Agency for International De­ Committee on Governmental Affairs. velopment, transmitting, pursuant to law, By Mr. NUNN, from the Committee on EC-165. A communication from the Inspec­ the semiannual report of the Office of In­ Armed Services: tor General, Department of Justice, trans­ spector General for the period ended Septem­ Special Report entitled "Report on the In­ mitting, pursuant to law, a report on the ber 30, 1990; to the Committee on Govern­ vestigation of Issues Concerning Nomina­ audit of the Department of Justice, Environ­ mental Affairs. tions for General Officer Positions in the ment and Natural Resources Division EC-178. A communication from the Chair­ Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Army" Superfund financial activities for fiscal year man of the Board of Directors of the Panama (Rept. No. 102-1). 1989; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ Canal Commission, transmitting, pursuant fairs. to law, the semiannual report of the Office of EC-166. A communication from the Federal Inspector General for the period ended Sep­ Inspector, Alaska Natural Gas Transpor­ tember 30, 1990; to the Committee on Govern­ SENATE RESOLUTION 1-NOTIFY­ tation System, transmitting, pursuant to mental Affairs. ING THE PRESIDENT THAT A law, a report on the system of internal con­ EC-179. A communication from the Chair­ QUORUM OF EACH HOUSE IS trols and financial systems in place during man of the National Science Board, trans­ ASSEMBI:.ED fiscal year 1990; to the Committee on Gov­ mitting, pursuant to law, the semiannual re­ ernmental Affairs. port of the Office of Inspector General for Mr. MITCHELL submitted the fol­ EC-167. A communication from the Federal the period ended September 30, 1990; to the lowing resolution; which was consid­ Inspector, Alaska Natural Gas Transpor­ Committee on Governmental Affairs. ered and agreed to: tation System, transmitting, pursuant to EC-180. A communication from the Chair­ law, a report on the system of internal ac­ man of the Resolution Trust Corporation, S. RES.1 counting and administrative controls in ef­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the semi­ Resolved, That a committee consisting of fect during fiscal year 1990; to the Commit­ annual report of the Office of Inspector Gen­ two Senators be appointed to join such com­ tee on Governmental Affairs. eral for the period ended September 30, 1990; mittee as may be appointed by the House of EC-168. A communication from the Chair­ to the Committee on Governmental Affairs. Representatives to wait upon the President man of the National Credit Union Adminis­ EC-181. A communication from the Presi­ of the United States and inform him that a tration, transmitting, pursuant to law, the dent of the National Safety Council, trans­ quorum of each House is assembled and that semiannual report of the Office of Inspector mitting, pursuant to law, the annual finan­ the Congress is ready to receive any commu­ General for the period ended September 30, cial report of the Council and the Founda­ nications he may be pleased to make. 1990; to the Committee on Governmental Af­ tion for Safety and Heal th for fiscal years fairs. 1989 and 1990; to the Committee on the Judi­ EC-169. A communication from the Chair­ ciary. man and the General Counsel of the National EC-182. A communication from the Chair­ SENATE RESOLUTION 2-INFORM­ Labor Relations Board, transmitting, pursu­ man of the Railroad Retirement Board, ING THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT­ ant to law, the semiannual report of the Of­ transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual re­ ATIVES THAT A QUORUM OF THE fice of Inspector General for the period ended port of the Board for fiscal year 1989; to the SENATE IS ASSEMBLED September 30, 1990; to the Committee on Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Governmental Affairs. EC-183. A communication from the Chair­ Mr. DOLE submitted the following EC-170. A communication from the Sec­ man of the Intergovernmental Advisory resolution; which was considered and retary of Health and Human Services, trans­ Council of Education, transmitting, pursu­ agreed to: mitting, pursuant to law, the semiannual re­ ant to law, a report entitled "Running the port of the Office of Inspector General for Schools: The Road to Reform"; to the Com­ S. RES. 2 the period ended September 30, 1990; to the mittee on Labor and Human Resources. Resolved, That the Secretary inform the Committee on Governmental Affairs. EC-184. A communication from the Acting House of Representatives that a quorum of EC-171. A communication from the Presi­ Secretary of Labor, transmitting, pursuant the Senate is assembled and that the Senate dent and Chief Executive Office of the Over­ to law, the annual report of the Department is ready to proceed to business. seas Private Investment Corporation, trans­ of Labor for fiscal year 1989; to the Commit­ mitting, pursuant to law, the annual report tee on Labor and Human Resources. of the Corporation on audit and investigative EC-185. A communication from the Sec­ activities for fiscal year 1990; to the Commit­ retary of Labor, transmitting, pursuant to SENATE RESOLUTION 3---FIXING tee on Governmental Affairs. law, the annual report on the administration THE HOUR OF DAILY MEETING EC-172. A communication from the Sec­ of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Com­ OF THE SENATE retary of Housing and Urban Development, pensation Act for fiscal year 1989; to the transmitting, pursuant to law, the semi­ Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Mr. MITCHELL submitted the fol­ annual report of the Office of Inspector Gen­ lowing resolution; which was consid­ eral for the period ended September 30, 1990; ered and agreed to: to the Committee on Governmental Affairs. MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE EC:-173. A communication from the Chair­ S. RES. 3 man of the National Endowment for the At 6:58 p.m., a message from the Resolved, That the hour of daily meeting of Arts, transmitting, pursuant to law, the House of Representatives, delivered by the Senate be 12 o'clock meridian unless oth­ semiannual report of the Office of Inspector Mr. Hays, one of its reading clerks, an- erwise ordered. January 3, 1991 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 31 SENATE RESOLUTION 4-ELECTING place in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD no­ The select committee has received a MARTHA S. POPE AS SERGEANT tices of Senate employees who partici­ request for a determination under rule OF ARMS AND DOORKEEPER OF pate in programs, the principal objec­ 35 for Mr. Marvin F. Moss a member of THE SENATE tive of which is educational, sponsored the staff of Senator PAUL s. SARBANES, Mr. MITCHELL submitted the fol­ by a foreign government or a foreign to participate in a program in Belgium lowing resolution; which was consid­ educational or charitable organization and Holland, sponsored by the ered and agreed to: involving travel to a foreign country Friedrich-Ebert Foundation, from No­ paid for by that foreign government or vember 25 through December 1, 1990. S. RES. 4 organization. The committee has determined that Resolved, That Martha S. Pope, of the The select committee has received a participation by Mr. Moss in the pro­ State of Connecticut, be, and she is hereby, elected Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of request for a determination under rule gram in Belgium and Holland, at the the Senate. 35 for Mr. Jon Leibowitz, a member of expense of the Friedrich-Ebert Founda­ the staff of Senator HERB KOHL, to par­ tion, is in the interest of the Senate ticipate in a program in Taiwan, spon­ and the United States. SENATE RESOLUTION 5--NOTIFY­ sored by Tamkang University, from The select committee has received a ING THE PRESIDENT OF THE November 25 through December 1, 1990. request for a determination under rule ELECTION OF A SERGEANT AT The committee has determined that 35 for Mr. Edward Barron, a member of ARMS AND DOORKEEPER OF THE participation by Mr. Leibowitz in the the staff of Senator PATRICK LEAHY, to SENATE program in Taiwan, at the expense of participate in a program in Thailand, Tamkang University, is in the interest sponsored by the Thai Food Processors Mr. MITCHELL submitted the fol­ of the Senate and the United States. Association, from December 1 to 7, lowing resolution; which was consid­ The select committee has received a 1990. ered and agreed to: request for a determination under rule The committee has determined that S. RES. 5 35 for Ms. Sally McConnell, a member participation by Mr. Barron in the pro­ Resolved, That the President of the United of the staff of Senator QUENTIN N. BUR­ gram in Thailand, at the expense of the States be notified of the election of the Hon­ DICK, to participate in a program in Thai Food Processor Association, is in orable Martha S. Pope, of Connecticut, as Taiwan, sponsored by Tamkang Uni­ the interest of the Senate and the Sergeant of Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate. versity, from November 25 through De­ United States. cember 1, 1990. The select committee has received a The committee has determined that request for a determination under rule SENATE RESOLUTION 6-NOTIFY­ participation by Ms. McConnell in the 35 for Mr. Donald Hardy, a member of ING THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT­ program in Taiwan, at the expense of the staff of Senator ALAN K. SIMPSON, ATIVES OF THE ELECTION OF A Tamkang University, is in the interest to participate in a program in China, SERGEANT AT ARMS AND DOOR­ of the Senate and the United States. sponsored by the Chinese People's In­ KEEPER OF THE SENATE The select committee has received a stitute of Foreign Affairs, in conjunc­ request for a determination under rule tion with the United States-Asia Insti­ Mr. MITCHELL submitted the fol­ 35 for Mary !race, a member of the staff tute from December 3 to 13, 1990. lowing resolution; which was consid­ of Congressman LEE H. HAMILTON' to The committee has determined that ered and agreed to: participate in a program in Hong Kong, participation by Mr. Hardy in the pro­ S. RES. 6 sponsored by the American Chamber of gram in China, at the expense of the Resolved, That the House of Representa­ Commerce, from August 11 to 18, 1990. Chinese People's Institute of Foreign tives be notified of the election of the Honor­ The committee has determined that Affairs, and the United States-Asia In­ able Martha S. Pope, of Connecticut, as Ser­ geant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate. participation by Ms. !race in the pro­ stitute, is in the interest of the Senate gram in Hong Kong, at the expense of and the United States. the American Chamber of Commerce, The select committee has received a SENATE RESOLUTION 7-RELATIVE is in the interest of the Senate and the request for a determination under rule TO THE REAPPOINTMENT OF MI­ United States. 35 for Mr. Peter Galbraith, a member of CHAEL DAVIDSON AS SENATE The select committee has received a the staff of Senator CLAIBORNE PELL, to LEGAL COUNSEL request for a determination under rule participate in a program in Paris and 35 for Mr. Marc Schwartz, a member of Britanny, sponsored by the French Mr. MITCHELL (for himself and Mr. the staff of Senator WYCHE FOWLER, Government, from November 9 to 16, DOLE) submitted the following resolu­ JR., to participate in a program in tion; which was considered and agreed 1990. China, sponsored by the United States­ The committee has determined that to: Asia Institute, from December 4 to 12, participation by Mr. Galbraith in the S. RES. 7 1990. program in Paris and Brittany, at the Resolved, That the reappointment of Mi­ The committee has determined that expense of the French Government, is chael Davidson to be Senate Legal Counsel participation by Mr. Schwartz in the in the interest of the Senate and the made by the President pro tempore of the Senate this day is effective as of January 3, program in China, at the expense of the United States. 1991, and the term of service of the appointee United States-Asia Institute, is in the The select committee has received a shall expire at the end of the One Hundred interest of the Senate and the United request for a determination under rule and Third Congress. States. 35 for Ms. Patricia Fahy, a member of The select committee has received a the staff of Senator PAUL SIMON, to request for a determination under rule participate in a program in Taipei, ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS 35 for Mr. John Walsh, a member of the sponsored by the Soochow University, staff of Senator DONALD w. RIEGLE, from December 8 to 15, 1990. JR., to participate in a program in Aus­ The committee has determined that NOTICE OF DETERMINATION BY tria, sponsored by the Austrian Federal participation by Ms. Fahy in the pro­ THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON Economic Chamber, from January 5 to gram in Taipei, at the expense of the ETHICS UNDER RULE 35, PARA­ 12, 1991. Soochow University, is in the interest GRAPH 4, PERMITTING ACCEPT­ The committee has determined that of the Senate and the United States. ANCE OF A GIFT OF EDU­ participation by Mr. Walsh in the pro­ The select committee has received a CATIONAL TRAVEL FROM A FOR­ gram in Austria, at the expense of the request for a determination under rule EIGN ORGANIZATION Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, 35 for Mr. Stephen T. Gallagher, a •Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, it is re­ is in the interest of the Senate and the member of the staff of Senator ROBERT quired by paragraph 4 of rule 35 that I United States. W. KASTEN, JR., to participate in a pro-

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