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YAVUZELİ Ve ŞEHİTKÂMİL (GAZİANTEP) YÖRELERİNDE YETİŞEN

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YAVUZELİ Ve ŞEHİTKÂMİL (GAZİANTEP) YÖRELERİNDE YETİŞEN YAVUZELİ ve ŞEHİTKÂMİL (GAZİANTEP) YÖRELERİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLAR ÜZERİNE TAKSONOMİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA Ömer Faruk KAYA Yüksek Lisans Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Programı Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran–2014 T.C KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ YAVUZELİ ve ŞEHİTKÂMİL (GAZİANTEP) YÖRELERİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLAR ÜZERİNE TAKSONOMİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Ömer Faruk KAYA Anabilim Dalı: Biyoloji Programı: Yüksek Lisans Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA KARAMAN – 2014 TEZ BİLDİRİMİ Yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Ömer Faruk KAYA i ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi YAVUZELİ ve ŞEHİTKÂMİL (GAZİANTEP) YÖRELERİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLAR ÜZERİNE TAKSONOMİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA Ömer Faruk KAYA Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran, 2014, 129 Sayfa Bu çalışma Yavuzeli ve Şehitkâmil (Gaziantep) yörelerinde yetişen makromantarlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgede periyodik olarak gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları sürecinde 298 makromantar örneği toplanarak, laboratuvar ortamına taşınmış ve fungaryum materyali haline getirilmiştir. Gerekli tür tanı işlemleri sonucunda Ascomycota ve Basidiomycota bölümleri içinde yer alan 4 sınıf, 11 takım, 35 familya ve 57 cinse ait 73 takson tanımlanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesinde Leotiomycetes sınıfı 2 (Helotiaceae 1, Rhytismataceae 1), Pezizomycetes sınıfı 8 (Ascobolaceae 1, Helvellaceae 3, Morchellaceae 1, Pezizaceae 1, Pyronemataceae 1, Valsaceae 1), Agaricomycetes sınıfı 63 (Agaricaceae 8, Auriculariaceae 1, Bolbitiaceae 2, Cyphellaceae 1, Diplocystidiaceae 1, Ganodermataceae 2, Gomphidiaceae 1, Hygrophoraceae 1, Hymenochaetaceae 2, Inocybaceae 2, Marasmiaceae 3, Meruliaceae 2, Mycenaceae 2, Niaceae 2, Omphalotaceae 4, Physalacriaceae 1, Pleurotaceae 1, Pluteaceae 2, Polyporaceae 4, Psathyrellaceae 8, Rhizopogonaceae 1, Schizophyllaceae 1, Stereaceae 1, Strophariaceae 5, Suillaceae 1, Tricholomataceae 5), Dacrymycetes sınıfı (Dacrymycetaceae 1) ise 1 taksonla temsil edilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Makromantar, Taksonomi, Yavuzeli, Şehitkâmil, Gaziantep i ABSTRACT Ms Thesis A TAXONOMIC RESEARCH ON MACOFUNGI FOUND IN YAVUZELİ AND ŞEHİTKÂMİL (GAZİANTEP) REGIONS Ömer Faruk KAYA Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA June, 2014, 129 pages This study was carried out on macofungi growing in Yavuzeli and Şehitkâmil (Gaziantep) districts. During periodical field trips, 298 macrofungi samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory, and prepared as fungarium material. As a result of necessary identification processes, 73 taxa belonging to 4 classes, 35 families and 57 genera within the divisions Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified. In research area Leotiomycetes is represented by 2 taxa (Helotiaceae 1, Rhytismataceae 1), Pezizomycetes is represented by 8 taxa (Ascobolaceae 1, Helvellaceae 3, Morchellaceae 1, Pezizaceae 1, Pyronemataceae 1, Valsaceae 1), Agaricomycetes is represented by 63 taxa (Agaricaceae 8, Auriculariaceae 1, Bolbitiaceae 2, Cyphellaceae 1, Diplocystidiaceae 1, Ganodermataceae 2, Gomphidiaceae 1, Hygrophoraceae 1, Hymenochaetaceae 2, Inocybaceae 2, Marasmiaceae 3, Meruliaceae 2, Mycenaceae 2, Niaceae 2, Omphalotaceae 4, Physalacriaceae 1, Pleurotaceae 1, Pluteaceae 2, Polyporaceae 4, Psathyrellaceae 8, Rhizopogonaceae 1, Schizophyllaceae 1, Stereaceae 1, Strophariaceae 5, Suillaceae 1, Tricholomataceae 5) and Dacrymycetes is represented by 1 taxon (Dacrymycetaceae 1). Keywords: Macrofungus, Taxonomy, Yavuzeli, Şehitkâmil, Gaziantep ii ÖN SÖZ Yavuzeli ve Şehitkâmil (Gaziantep) ilçe sınırları içinde kalan bölgede gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile yörenin makromantar çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi, yöre insanının bilgilendirilmesi ve ülkemiz makromikotasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yüksek lisans tez danışmanlığımı üstlenen, mantarların teşhisinde ve tezin yazımında öneri ve yardımlarını esirgemeyen danışman hocam Doç. Dr. Abdullah KAYA ve değerli arkadaşım Yasin UZUN’a, arazi çalışmalarındaki desteklerinden dolayı Halil İbrahim KARACAN’a tez yazımındaki destek ve yardımlarından dolayı Arş. Gör. Buğrahan EMSEN’e ve çalışmamızı 212T112 nolu proje ile destekleyen TÜBİTAK’a gönülden teşekkür ederim. Ömer Faruk KAYA Haziran, 2014 iii İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖZET ................................................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... ii ÖN SÖZ ........................................................................................................................... iii İÇİNDEKİLER ................................................................................................................ iv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ........................................................................................................ vii ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ .................................................................................................... ix SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR .................................................................................. x 1. GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. LİTERATÜR ÖZETİ .................................................................................................... 3 3. MATERYAL VE METOT ......................................................................................... 15 3.1. Araştırma Yörelerinin Genel Tanıtımı ..................................................................... 15 3.1.1 Coğrafi Özellikleri ................................................................................................. 15 3.1.2. İklim ve Bitki Örtüsü ............................................................................................ 15 3.1.3. Jeolojik Yapı ve Toprak Özellikleri ...................................................................... 17 3.2. Materyal ................................................................................................................... 18 3.3. Metot ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.3.1. Arazi çalışması ...................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2. Laboratuvar çalışması ........................................................................................... 18 4. BULGULAR ............................................................................................................... 20 4.1. Teşhisi yapılan türlerin sistematiği .......................................................................... 20 4.2. Türlerin teşhisi ve teşhislerine ait özellikler ............................................................ 27 4.2.1. Hymenoscyphus fructigenus (Bull.) Gray ............................................................. 27 4.2.2. Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter .................................... 27 4.2.3. Ascobolus stercorarius (Bull.) J. Schröt. .............................................................. 27 4.2.4. Helvella costifera Nannf. ...................................................................................... 28 4.2.5. Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. .................................................................. 28 4.2.6. Helvella lacunosa Afzel. ....................................................................................... 28 4.2.7. Morchella deliciosa Fr. ......................................................................................... 29 4.2.8. Sarcosphaera coronaria (Jacq.) J. Schröt. ........................................................... 29 4.2.9. Geopora arenicola (Lév.) Kers ............................................................................ 30 4.2.10. Valsa sordida Nitschke ....................................................................................... 30 iv 4.2.11. Agaricus campestris L. ....................................................................................... 30 4.2.12. Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. .......................................................................... 31 4.2.13. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. .................................................................. 32 4.2.14. Cyathus olla (Batsch) Pers. ................................................................................. 32 4.2.15. Lycoperdon molle Pers........................................................................................ 33 4.2.16. Macrolepiota excoriata (Schaeff.: Fr) Wass. ..................................................... 33 4.2.17. Macrolepiota mastoidea (Fr.) Singer.................................................................. 34 4.2.18. Conocybe apala (Fr. : Fr.) Arnolds ..................................................................... 34 4.2.19. Conocybe deliquescens Huskn. & Krisai
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