The Global Body Size Biomass Spectrum Is Multimodal
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The Coral Trait Database, a Curated Database of Trait Information for Coral Species from the Global Oceans
www.nature.com/scientificdata OPEN The Coral Trait Database, a curated SUBJECT CATEGORIES » Community ecology database of trait information for » Marine biology » Biodiversity coral species from the global oceans » Biogeography 1 2 3 2 4 Joshua S. Madin , Kristen D. Anderson , Magnus Heide Andreasen , Tom C.L. Bridge , , » Coral reefs 5 2 6 7 1 1 Stephen D. Cairns , Sean R. Connolly , , Emily S. Darling , Marcela Diaz , Daniel S. Falster , 8 8 2 6 9 3 Erik C. Franklin , Ruth D. Gates , Mia O. Hoogenboom , , Danwei Huang , Sally A. Keith , 1 2 2 4 10 Matthew A. Kosnik , Chao-Yang Kuo , Janice M. Lough , , Catherine E. Lovelock , 1 1 1 11 12 13 Osmar Luiz , Julieta Martinelli , Toni Mizerek , John M. Pandolfi , Xavier Pochon , , 2 8 2 14 Morgan S. Pratchett , Hollie M. Putnam , T. Edward Roberts , Michael Stat , 15 16 2 Carden C. Wallace , Elizabeth Widman & Andrew H. Baird Received: 06 October 2015 28 2016 Accepted: January Trait-based approaches advance ecological and evolutionary research because traits provide a strong link to Published: 29 March 2016 an organism’s function and fitness. Trait-based research might lead to a deeper understanding of the functions of, and services provided by, ecosystems, thereby improving management, which is vital in the current era of rapid environmental change. Coral reef scientists have long collected trait data for corals; however, these are difficult to access and often under-utilized in addressing large-scale questions. We present the Coral Trait Database initiative that aims to bring together physiological, morphological, ecological, phylogenetic and biogeographic trait information into a single repository. -
Sexual Reproduction of the Solitary Sunset Cup Coral Leptopsammia Pruvoti (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the Mediterranean
Marine Biology (2005) 147: 485–495 DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-1567-z RESEARCH ARTICLE S. Goffredo Æ J. Radetic´Æ V. Airi Æ F. Zaccanti Sexual reproduction of the solitary sunset cup coral Leptopsammia pruvoti (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the Mediterranean. 1. Morphological aspects of gametogenesis and ontogenesis Received: 16 July 2004 / Accepted: 18 December 2004 / Published online: 3 March 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Information on the reproduction in scleractin- came indented, assuming a sickle or dome shape. We can ian solitary corals and in those living in temperate zones hypothesize that the nucleus’ migration and change of is notably scant. Leptopsammia pruvoti is a solitary coral shape may have to do with facilitating fertilization and living in the Mediterranean Sea and along Atlantic determining the future embryonic axis. During oogene- coasts from Portugal to southern England. This coral sis, oocyte diameter increased from a minimum of 20 lm lives in shaded habitats, from the surface to 70 m in during the immature stage to a maximum of 680 lm depth, reaching population densities of >17,000 indi- when mature. Embryogenesis took place in the coelen- viduals mÀ2. In this paper, we discuss the morphological teron. We did not see any evidence that even hinted at aspects of sexual reproduction in this species. In a sep- the formation of a blastocoel; embryonic development arate paper, we report the quantitative data on the an- proceeded via stereoblastulae with superficial cleavage. nual reproductive cycle and make an interspecific Gastrulation took place by delamination. Early and late comparison of reproductive traits among Dend- embryos had diameters of 204–724 lm and 290–736 lm, rophylliidae aimed at defining different reproductive respectively. -
Volume 2. Animals
AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. -
Structure of Mediterranean 'Cnidarian Populations In
Homage to Ramon Marga/et,· or, Why there is such p/easure in studying nature 243 (J. D. Ros & N. Prat, eds.). 1991 . Oec% gia aquatica, 10: 243-254 STRUCTURE OF 'CNIDARIAN POPULATIONS IN MEDITERRANEAN SUBLITTORAL BENTHIC COMMUNITIES AS A RESUL T OF ADAPTATION TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 2 JOSEP-MARIA GILIl & ENRIe BALLESTEROs .• 1 Insti t de Ciencies del Mar (CSIC). Passeig Nacional, s/n. 08039 Barcelona. Spain 2 � Centre d'Estudis Avanc;:atsde Blanes (CSIC). Camí de Santa Barbara, s/n. 17300 Blanes. Spain Received: March 1990 SUMMARY The presence and abundance of Cnidarians, extremely cornmon in Mediterranean sublittoral benthic communities, exerts a profound effect on the entire structure of such communities, although the roles of Anthozoans and Hydrozoans differ in accordance with their different biological characteristics. Structural differences in benthic cnidarian populations were observed in three sublittoral cornmunities located within 100 m of each other yet differing considerably in light intensity and water movement. Species-area and Shannon's diversity-area curves were computed for each community from reticulate samples constituted by 18 subsamples 2 of 289 cm . Species-area curves were fitted to semilogarithmic functions, while diversity-area curves were fitted to Michaelis-Menten functions by the method of least squares. Species richness, species distribution, alpha-diversity, and pattem diversity were estimated from the fitted curves. Patch size for Anthozoans was smaller than that for Hydrozoans in all three communities. Diversity was greatest in the cornmunities with the lowest and with the highest light intensity and water flow levels, but species richness was highest in the intermediate community. -
The Reproductive Biology of the Scleractinian Coral Plesiastrea Versipora in Sydney Harbour, Australia
Vol. 1: 25–33, 2014 SEXUALITY AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published online February 6 doi: 10.3354/sedao00004 Sex Early Dev Aquat Org OPEN ACCESS The reproductive biology of the scleractinian coral Plesiastrea versipora in Sydney Harbour, Australia Alisha Madsen1, Joshua S. Madin1, Chung-Hong Tan2, Andrew H. Baird2,* 1Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia 2ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia ABSTRACT: The scleractinian coral Plesiastrea versipora occurs throughout most of the Indo- Pacific; however, the species is only abundant in temperate regions, including Sydney Harbour, in New South Wales, Australia, where it can be the dominant sessile organism over small spatial scales. Population genetics indicates that the Sydney Harbour population is highly isolated, sug- gesting long-term persistence will depend upon on the local production of recruits. To determine the potential role of sexual reproduction in population persistence, we examined a number of fea- tures of the reproductive biology of P. versipora for the first time, including the sexual system, the length of the gametogenetic cycles and size-specific fecundity. P. versipora was gonochoric, sup- porting recent molecular work removing the species from the Family Merulinidae, in which the species are exclusively hermaphroditic. The oogenic cycle was between 13 and 14 mo and the spermatogenetic cycle between 7 and 8 mo, with broadcast spawning inferred to occur in either January or February. Colony sex was strongly influenced by colony size: the probability of being male increased with colony area. The longer oogenic cycle suggests that females are investing energy in reproduction rather than growth, and consequently, males are on average larger for a given age. -
Transcriptional Response of the Heat Shock Gene Hsp70 Aligns with Differences in Stress Susceptibility of Shallow-Water Corals from the T Mediterranean Sea
Marine Environmental Research 140 (2018) 444–454 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Environmental Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marenvrev Transcriptional response of the heat shock gene hsp70 aligns with differences in stress susceptibility of shallow-water corals from the T Mediterranean Sea ∗ Silvia Franzellittia, ,1, Valentina Airib,1, Diana Calbuccia, Erik Carosellib, Fiorella Pradab, Christian R. Voolstrac, Tali Massd, Giuseppe Falinie, Elena Fabbria, Stefano Goffredob a Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy b Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy c Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia d Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Multi Purpose Boulevard, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel e Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Shallow-water corals of the Mediterranean Sea are facing a dramatic increase in water temperature due to Thermal stress climate change, predicted to increase the frequency of bleaching and mass mortality events. However, suppo- Coral sedly not all corals are affected equally, as they show differences in stress susceptibility, as suggested by phy- Gene expression siological outputs of corals along temperature gradients and under controlled conditions in terms of reproduc- Heat shock protein tion, demography, growth, calcification, and photosynthetic efficiency. -
Atlantia, a New Genus of Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia) from the Eastern Atlantic
Atlantia, a new genus of Dendrophylliidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia) from the eastern Atlantic Kátia C.C. Capel1,2,*, Cataixa López3,4,*, Irene Moltó-Martín3,4, Carla Zilberberg2,5, Joel C. Creed2,6, Ingrid S.S. Knapp7, Mariano Hernández3,4, Zac H. Forsman7, Robert J. Toonen7 and Marcelo V. Kitahara1,8 1 Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Coral-Sol Research, Technological Development and Innovation Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain 4 Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain 5 Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 6 Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 7 School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa,¯ Kaneohe, Hawai'i, United States of America 8 Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Atlantia is described as a new genus pertaining to the family Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) based on specimens from Cape Verde, eastern Atlantic. This taxon was first recognized as Enallopsammia micranthus and later described as a new species, Tubastraea caboverdiana, which then changed the status of the genus Tubastraea as native to the Atlantic Ocean. -
Skeletal Mechanical Properties of Mediterranean Corals Along a Wide Latitudinal Gradient
Skeletal mechanical properties of Mediterranean corals along a wide latitudinal gradient S. Goffredo, A. Mancuso, E. Caroselli, F. Prada, Z. Dubinsky, G. Falini, O. Levy, P. Fantazzini & L. Pasquini Coral Reefs Journal of the International Society for Reef Studies ISSN 0722-4028 Volume 34 Number 1 Coral Reefs (2015) 34:121-132 DOI 10.1007/s00338-014-1222-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Coral Reefs (2015) 34:121–132 DOI 10.1007/s00338-014-1222-6 REPORT Skeletal mechanical properties of Mediterranean corals along a wide latitudinal gradient S. Goffredo • A. Mancuso • E. Caroselli • F. Prada • Z. Dubinsky • G. Falini • O. Levy • P. Fantazzini • L. Pasquini Received: 21 November 2013 / Accepted: 29 September 2014 / Published online: 8 October 2014 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract This is the first study exploring skeletal reduced skeletal bulk density and porosity with SST mechanical properties in temperate corals. -
THE STATUS of the SUNSET CUP CORAL LEPTOPSAMMIA PRUVOTI at LUNDY by ROBERT A
Journal of the Lundy Field Society, 2, 2010 THE STATUS OF THE SUNSET CUP CORAL LEPTOPSAMMIA PRUVOTI AT LUNDY by ROBERT A. IRVING1 AND KEITH HISCOCK2 1 Sea-Scope Marine Environmental Consultants, Combe Lodge, Bampton, Devon, EX16 9LB 2 Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The findings of a survey of the numbers of the nationally rare sunset cup coral Leptopsammia pruvoti at Lundy in September 2007 are presented together with more recent observations. Counts of individuals were undertaken using divers and in situ photography. An estimate is given of the overall size of the coral’s population at Lundy, its extent and its condition, and the proportion of new recruits within the population. The findings are compared with other studies undertaken at Lundy since the early 1980s. These comparisons show dramatic declines in numbers in some areas but increases in others. Keywords: Lundy, Leptopsammia pruvoti, decline, underwater photography, SAC, MNR INTRODUCTION Within British waters, the small but eye-catching sunset cup coral Leptopsammia pruvoti (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897) (Plate 1) is a species of particular marine natural heritage importance. It is nationally rare (i.e. it occurs in eight or fewer 10 km by 10 km Ordnance Survey grid squares containing sea within the 3 mile limit of territorial seas around Great Britain), and, since 1999, it has had its own Biodiversity Species Action Plan (UK Biodiversity Action Group, 1999). Lundy is a small island, approximately 5 km long by 1 km wide, which lies at the mouth of the Bristol Channel some 18 km from the nearest point of the north-west Devon mainland. -
Leptopsammia Pruvoti
Coral Population Biology Growth, Dynamics, Yield, and Connections with Ocean Warming and Acidification Stefano Goffredo, PhD The ocean acidification transplant experiment at Panarea Island www.CoralWarm.eu Ecological modes in corals Growth types Solitary Colonial Single modules living separated Multiple cloned modules living in close connection one from each other (physical and physiological) one to each other Energetic supplying types Zooxanthellate Non-zooxanthellate Nourishment from symbiont photosynthesis and from Nourishment only from zooplankton capture zooplankton capture Ecological modes in corals Growth types Solitary Colonial Single modules living separated Multiple cloned modules living in close connection one from each other (physical and physiological) one to each other Energetic supplying types “Under normal conditions, Zooxanthellate ZOOXANTHELLAE translocate up to 95% Non-zooxanthellate of their photosynthetically fixed carbon to the coral host. They also cover 30% of the host’s nitrogen requirements for growth, reproduction and maintenance from dissolved nutrient uptake” (Wild et al. 2011, Marine and Freshwater Research, 62: 205-215) Nourishment from symbiont photosynthesis and from Nourishment only from zooplankton capture zooplankton capture Why study population biology? To understand how rapidly and to what extent communities recover from disturbances (Connell, 1973, Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs, Academic Press, New York). To contribute to techniques for the restoration of damaged or degraded reefs (Shaish et -
Curaçao and Other
121 STUDIES ON THE FAUNA OF CURAÇAO AND OTHER CARIBBEAN ISLANDS: No. 211 Ahermatypic shallow-water scleractinian corals of Trinidad by Richard H. Hubbard and John W. Wells pages figures INTRODUCTION 123 Localities 123 Materials 124 POCILLOPORIDAE Madracis decactis 124 1, 2 Madracis myriaster 125 3 FAVIIDAE Cladocora debilis 125 4, 5 RHIZANGIIDAE Astrangia solitaria 128 6, 7 Astrangia cfrathbuni 128 8,9 Phyllangia americana 129 10-12 Colangia immersa 129 13-16 Rhizosmilia gerdae 132 17, 18 Rhizosmilia maculata 132 19, 20 CARYOPHYLLIIDAE Paracyathus pulchellus 133 Polycyathus senegalensis 133 21, 22 Polycyathus mullerae 134 23, 24 Desmophyllum cristagalli 136 25, 26 Thalamophyllia riisei 136 27, 28 Anomocora fecunda 138 29, 30 Asterosmilia prolifera 138 31,32 DENDROPHILLIIDAE Dendrophyllia cornucopis 139 33-35 Balanophylliafloridana 142 36,37 Leptopsammia trinitatis 142 38-40 Zoogeography 143 References 145 * Institute of Marine Affairs, Hilltop Lane, Chaguaramas, Trinidad. ** Dept of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853. 122 on corals scleractinian Trinidad. ahermatypic of water Peninsula shallow N.W. the for stations Collecting 123 Abstract This illustrated list of the scleractinian corals occur- paper gives anannotated, ahermatypic from One ring in the shallow waters ofTrinidad. Described are 19 species 15 genera. species - is the first record ofthis in the Western Atlantic West of Leptopsammia new, being genus Indian region. INTRODUCTION The deep water scleractinia of the tropical Western Atlantic have re- cently been well reviewed and studied by CAIRNS (1979). The scleractinian corals of Trinidad have received little attention in the literature except for the guideby KENNY et al. (1975), which gives descriptions and sketches of reef and non-reefforms from shallow water (< 100 m). -
Cairns: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia of Australia 261
© Copyright Australian Museum, 2004 Records of the Australian Museum (2004) Vol. 56: 259–329. ISSN 0067-1975 The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia STEPHEN D. CAIRNS Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States of America [email protected] ABSTRACT. A total of 237 species of azooxanthellate Scleractinia are reported for the Australian region, including seamounts off the eastern coast. Two new genera (Lissotrochus and Stolarskicyathus) and 15 new species are described: Crispatotrochus gregarius, Paracyathus darwinensis, Stephanocyathus imperialis, Trochocyathus wellsi, Conocyathus formosus, Dunocyathus wallaceae, Foveolocyathus parkeri, Idiotrochus alatus, Lissotrochus curvatus, Sphenotrochus cuneolus, Placotrochides cylindrica, P. minuta, Stolarskicyathus pocilliformis, Balanophyllia spongiosa, and Notophyllia hecki. Also, one new combination is proposed: Petrophyllia rediviva. Each species account includes an annotated synonymy for all Australian records as well as reference to extralimital accounts of significance, the type locality, and deposition of the type. Tabular keys are provided for the Australian species of Culicia and all species of Conocyathus and Placotrochides. A discussion of previous studies of Australian azooxanthellate corals is given in narrative and tabular form. This study was based on approximately 5500 previously unreported specimens collected from 500 localities, as