Government of Sindh Inventory of Cultural Property in the Province of Sindh, Pakistan, 2015 INTRODUCTION FOREWORDS – REGISTER BY LOCALITY – REGISTER BY IDENTIFIER rio heritage a project funded by research center indian ocean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cover Page 1. ETT436198E2810037N, Enclosure of Talpur Tombs, Hyderabad 2. CHT325394E2751125N, Chaukhandi Tombs, Karachi 3. CHR507158E2837752N, Chittori Tombs, Mirpurkhas 4. BDT675571E2699067, Temple No. 1 Bhodesar, Tharparkar 5. HMO439965E2856934N, Tomb of Mir Bijar, Matiari 6. MPL301157E2745846N, Mohatta Palace, Karachi 7. GYD495122E2879254N, Tomb no. 2 at Sanghar Graveyard, Sanghar 8. MTM486809E3063433N, Minar and Tomb of Mir Masum, Sukkur 9. STS488622E3063017N, Satiyun-Jo-Than-Shrine, Sukkur 10. MBS553131E2800453N, Mound at Bhiro, Sherwah, Tharparkar 11. JTV679085E2712914N, Jain Temple, Virawah, Tharparkar 12. ETT436198E2810037N, Enclosure of Talpur Tombs, Hyderabad Government of Sindh Inventory of Cultural Property in the Province of Sindh, Pakistan, 2015 INTRODUCTION FOREWords 1. REGISTER BY Locality 1 2. REGISTER BY IDENTIFIER 61 VOLUME I VOLUME II BADIN 1 KARACHI (PART I) 1 DADU 27 GHOTKI 129 HYDERABAD 133 JACOBABAD 357 JAMSHORO 371 VOLUME III VOLUME IV KARACHI (PART II) 1 SHIKARPUR 1 KHAIRPUR 403 SUKKUR 163 LARKANA 475 TANDO ALLAHYAR 229 MATIARI 497 TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN 273 MIRPURKHAS 525 THARPARKAR 279 SANGHAR 563 THATTA 307 SHAHEED BENAZIRABAD 609 UMERKOT 555 Inventory of Cultural Property in the Province of Sindh, Pakistan, 2015 Edited by Michael Jansen Yasmeen Lari Contributions Karsten Ley Georgios Toubekis Martin Hamburg Qasim Ali Qasim Mariyam Nizam Luca Liehner Gustaf Mossakowski Touseef Ahmed Memon Imtiaz Domki Ijlal Karim Farea Khan Sohaib Ali Ayaz Qureshi Mastoor Fatima Bukhari Chaudary Zafar Iqbal Waraich Khuda Bux Phulpoto Juned Ahmed Attaulla Bajeer Ishaque Shar Noor Sadiq Ejaz Sharif Marvi Mazhar Sarim Ali Gulam Murtaza Noor-Ullah Magsi Saifullah Seethar Hina Zaidi Layout Luca Liehner ARCHIVE DIGITAL DATABASE MEDIA.REIFF RWTH AACHEN, GERMANY 2015 © 2015 with the authors / editors rio heritage research center indian ocean a project funded by Halban Campus Halban, next to Southern Expressway GUtech, PO Box 1816, Athaibah PC 130, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman [email protected] www.rio-heritage.org Tel.: +968 2206 1111 Fax: +968 2206 1000 Th is work is protected by copyright law in all its parts. All rights reserved, especially those referring to translation. Th is book or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. INVENTORY OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE PROVINCE OF SINDH, PAKISTAN, 2015 Cultural Hertitage data bank Sindh – A new approach towards cultural heritage management Since the devolution of culture after the decisions of the 18th Amendment, the province of Sindh is responsible for its own heritage management. With this decision of devolution not only the province of Sindh was taken by surprise as for the province only the provincial remains of the former federal institution structure of the Department of Archaeology and Museums remained available for the continuation of this important task. Besides the responsibility of almost thousands of smaller historic sites and mon- uments, the responsibility also of two of the most important World Heritage sites, Mohenjo-Daro and the Makli graveyard, rests on our shoulders. Mohenjo- Daro, the largest Bronze-Age city of the third millennium BCE worldwide is a full fledged city with more than 40 km! of excavated standing brick walls being latently endangered by sulfates in the ground. The necropolis of Makli is with several thousands of graves and tombs one of the largest necropolis worldwide. Some of them made of sandstone, others of bricks and covered by glazed tiles, are highly endangered by thermal, physical and chemical stress. While ‘normal’ world heritage sites consist of one or a few components, our sites are extremely large, complex and ‘serial’ which is an extraordinary challenge for the Government. The primary tool for the management and the protection of heritage for a Gov- ernment is the ‘Monuments List’, an official register which is the basis for legal protection and management. Such lists had been started in 1871 when Sir Al- exander Cunningham became the first director of the Archaeological Survey of India (ARASI). With the division of the British Raj in 1947 into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Indian Union, the archives, museums, and admin- istration files of the former ARASI were divided accordingly. During this pro- cess many documents got lost, also listings of protected heritage sites. The large amount of existing listings (mostly in type written copies) are difficult to use, as the locus of monuments is registered in outdated descriptions of tasil, village names, using topographic and other descriptions like 500 yards north of a big tree, turn 200 yards left…. With this data bank a new basis is laid for an effective protection and manage- ment of monuments and sites. Each and every monument has been identified by its UTM coordinates allowing immediate tracing in satellite maps and thus making them accessible for experts and administrations. I INVENTORY OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE PROVINCE OF SINDH, PAKISTAN, 2015 With this new data bank our administration can run one of the most advanced systems to improve not only the heritage management but also the legal protec- tion of the cultural treasure of Sindh. In addition, it allows scholars to obtain access to it and to add in future further research information. Therefore we are glad that terminals are available with the Heritage Foundation, Karachi, and with Jamshoro University, Prof. Kazi. We are extremely thankful to the German Government, and here especially Con- sul General Dr. Tilo Klinner, for finaning this program. Our deep thanks goes to the initiator and executer of this program, Prof. Dr. Michael Jansen, RWTH Aachen University and architect Yasmeen Lari, CEO of the Heritage Founda- tion, Karachi. This project only was possible through their long friendship and wonderful cooperation. I specially want to mention the teams on both sides, but again especially all the ‘field workers’ who during a period of two years collected all data in often remote areas. Finally I want to thank ‘my people’, who enthusiastically supplied data and in- frastructure to make this project a success. I deeply hope that we profit from this installment and hope that other provinces will join for the benefit not only of Sindh but of whole Pakistan. Mohtarma Sharmila Faruqui Minister of Culture and Tourism Government of Sindh II INVENTORY OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE PROVINCE OF SINDH, PAKISTAN, 2015 Cultural Conservation in the Computer Age – A Data Bank as a Unique Policy Instrument Looking at these five volumes of data about the rich cultural heritage of Sindh leads me to some reflections on history and its constituent role for the way so- cieties see themselves and others. Mankind consists of human beings whose ex- istence is largely defined by their social interaction with others, past or present. As such we are not isolated from the events preceding our time but part of a great chain reaching from the prehistoric mist into a distant future. History rep- resents the collective memory of mankind. People possess an intuitive a priori understanding of time and space, reflected in oral tradition, literature, music and other forms of cultural tradition. In this context, it is worth mentioning that among the remnants of civilizations tangible monuments play a central role. They constitute crucially important material and visible incarnations of bygone days bearing witness of our past and our cultural heritage or, in other words, of our spiritual genes. This is all the more true in circumstances where we cannot have recourse to written tradition because it is absent or, as in the case of the Great Indus Culture, its script remains illegible for us. It is therefore of para- mount importance to preserve monuments and tangible objects. The province of Sindh with its long history is one of the culturally richest areas of Pakistan. Starting with the Paleolithic finds in the Rohri Hills the soil of Pa- kistan’s southernmost region reveals signs of continuous settlements from the dawn of civilization till today. Sindh boasts prominent sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List as the enigmatic Bronze Age city of Mohenjo-Daro close to the modern city of Larkana or the historic necropolis Makli with thousands of burial-places and mausoleums from the Samma period till modernity. In 711 AD the Arabs landed in Sindh and brought Islam to this part of the world. Bhambore is a prominent example of these early Islamic times. Later in Thatta the Moghuls built the wonderful Shah Jahan mosque. Hyderabad was once the capital of the dynasties of the Kalhora and Talpurs as was earlier Khudabad. Near Khaipur we find the remains of luxurious Talpur palaces as we still are impressed by their grim fort at Kot Diji. Sindh is abundant with graveyards and burial sites of “saints” still worshipped by the locals. Famous ones are those of Lal Shabas Qalandar in Sehwan Sharif or the tomb of Shah Abdul Latif at Bhit Shah. With the decentralization of competences in the field of culture yb the 18th amendment in 2010, Pakistan’s provinces took over the responsibility for cultural heritage management. Now the provinces have to implement this constitutional reform and provide for the necessary human resources as well as instruments to protect the cultural heritage from undue interference or damage. The Federal Republic of Germany takes pride to contribute to the build-up of a heritage management realizing the present pilot project of a digital cultural heritage data bank in the province of Sindh. III INVENTORY OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE PROVINCE OF SINDH, PAKISTAN, 2015 We are very thankful to Prof.