became a collector of customs and Alcalde, or FACT SHEET Mayor of . The original documents for the concession of Rancho have not been ’S GEOPOLITICAL SYSTEM located. Nevertheless, the existence of the grant Mexico is a federal republic whose states were is confirmed by reference to it in later sources. created after Mexico’s independence from Spain One of the oldest writings related to in 1810. Mexico is divided into 31 states and one Rancho Tijuana is a confirmation of the grant (1) federal district. Each state is divided into issues by Governor Pio Pico in 1846. By 1858, municipalities governed by a Mayor and Juan Bandini, an early settler of San Diego, made City Council, with one city serving as the state arrangements to exchange his capitol. The City of Mexicali is the capitol of the Rancho Guadalupe for that of the Tijuana State of Baja . Mexico does not have belonging to his father-in-law, counties. Don Santiago Arguello.

ADMINISTRATIVE TERMS Tijuana was envisioned to be a planned community, seven times larger than Mexicali and The 1917 Mexican Constitution defines three two and a half times larger than Ensenada. branches of government - executive, legislative, and judicial. The constitution prohibits reelections. The president, senators, and state governors are elected for six-year terms, deputies (the equivalent of representatives) serve three – year terms along with mayors and city council- members.

ORIGINS OF THE CITY OF TIJUANA

At the turn of the century, the City of Tijuana had a population of 273. The U.S. Enactment of Prohibition of the 1920s led many Americans across the border to partake in legal drinking and gambling. It continues as a popular destination for tourists and Californians alike. In The City of Tijuana is situated in a region once 1925, the City of Tijuana was officially created inhabited by the Kumiai Indians. In centuries and no longer part of Ensenada; yet it was not past, the peninsula was also until the 1940’s that the federal government inhabited by the Pai Pai, Cochimi, Kiliwa, and established the limits of the City of Tijuana Cucupa. Tijuana was founded as the Town of within 843 acres of the Rancho Tijuana or Zaragoza on July 11, 1889, through a judicial Rancho Tia Juana. The Rancho Tijuana was one resolution by Mr. Santiago Arguello, which of the grants awarded by involved the Rancho Tijuana. Santiago Arguello Governor José Maria Encheandía to retired Moraga was born in 1792 in Monterey, soldiers as a reward for their military service. . He was the son of Such grants were part of a political and José Darío Arguello, a prominent figure in economic process that began slowly in California politics for many years. Santiago later Alta California after Spanish settlement in 1769.

1 These grants increased dramatically during the KEY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, PLANS Mexican period, especially after secularization of AND RESOURCE ISSUES the missions when more land became available. By the 1950s The City of Tijuana had grown to 1. TIJUANA-ROSARITO CORRIDOR approximately 60,000 people extending east to the area known as La Mesa where the Arguello and Bandini families owned cattle ranches.

TIJUANA TODAY In recent decades, the City of Tijuana has experienced high rates of growth. Unfortunately, much of this growth has been “unplanned” or “irregular“, which means it has occurred outside the existing infrastructure. Planned growth supports growth-management strategies, including preservation of prime farmland and sensitive environmental lands, forests, and other green spaces, in conjunction with careful planning for development in The Tijuana-Rosarito Corridor is a $120 million designated areas. dollar project, which includes a four lane highway of approximately 26 miles that connects With a population of over 1.6 million people, the City of Rosarito to the border in the Mesa de Tijuana is the sixth largest city in Mexico. Tijuana Otay neighborhood of Tijuana and the Tijuana- is bordered on the north by the United States, on toll road. The project provides access to the south by the Municipality of Rosarito, on the 30,000 acres planned for new urban east by the Municipality of Tecate, and on the development in the City of Tijuana, in the area west by the Pacific Ocean. In 2002, the city’s known as . budget was approximately $173 million. Because of NAFTA and Tijuana’s geographical proximity to the U.S., foreign companies have set up their 2. VALLE DE LAS PALMAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT manufacturing operations in newly established This 31,000 acre project is envisioned by urban industrial parks. As a result, Tijuana is now a planners to be the largest satellite city in Mexico. popular destination for people seeking The project will represent an investment of employment from other parts of Mexico. approximately $1.2 billion dollars, and when completed, will accommodate 1 million of new COMPARATIVE DATA people. With a population of 3 million people in the San Diego region and a population of 1.6 million in the City of Tijuana, this border region constitutes the largest urban settlement along the U.S.-Mexico border and is among the ten largest metropolis within the NAFTA market.

The two States share the old Territory of California. Today, California (formerly

Alta California) has a population of about 35 million people, while Baja California has a population of about 3 million people.

2 3. ALAMAR RIVER SPECIFIC PLAN 4. HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS

The City of Tijuana’s housing chamber (CANADEVI) estimates 17,000 housing units were The City of Tijuana’s Programa Parcial de constructed during 2006. This represents a Conservación y Mejoramiento Urbano para la 20 percent increase from the 14,000 units built in Zona del Arroyo Alamar: Primera Etapa (First 2005. Most of the developments are being Phase of the Specific Conservation and Urban constructed by large housing developers and are Improvement Plan for the Alamar River Planning being built on the south and eastern fringes of Area) is in the initial draft stages. The the city. preparation of this plan is a joint effort among federal, state, and municipal governments. The A typical new home is 968 square feet with focus of the plan is on riparian restoration, two bedrooms starting at $32,000. The habitat conservation and identifying compatible construction material is a combination of cinder land uses within this riparian corridor. When block exterior walls and wood roof construction. restored and rehabilitated, this area will include Homes at this price are built for the ‘interes an extension of an existing expressway to social’, which is considered the low-to-middle connect with the Tijuana- income sector of the housing market. The Rosarito Corridor, as well as a new lineal monthly payment of $245.00 is based on a ecological park along the Alamar River. 10 percent down payment on a 25 year loan at a 9.5 percent interest rate.

A 2,100 square foot four bedroom home with a view located in a gated community in Tijuana is approximately $186,000. The monthly payment of $1,500 is based on a 10 percent down payment on a 25 year loan at a 9.5 percent interest rate.

Estimates are as high as 30 percent for the number of homebuyers who purchase these homes as first or second homes and live or work in the U.S.

The coastal corridor presents different patterns, more oriented toward tourism and foreign retirees.

3 5. SAN YSIDRO - PUERTA MEXICO PORT OF From 1985 to 1994, it handled only northbound ENTRY cargo operations. In 1994, all southbound commercial cargo was rerouted from the Virginia Avenue gate at the San Ysidro POE to Otay Mesa. More than 6 million private vehicles and about 1.3 million pedestrians crossed northbound at the Otay Mesa border station in 2006. Delays in crossing the border have increased and become more unpredictable over time. Otay Mesa POE is the third ranking POE in the U.S.-Mexico border and the busiest commercial port of entry in the California- Baja California border, handling over $24 billion in imports and exports.

The San Ysidro – Puerta México Port of Entry 7. EAST OTAY MESA – OTAY II PORT OF ENTRY (POE) is the busiest land port of entry in the world. On a daily basis, it serves up to 50,000 northbound vehicles and 25,000 northbound pedestrians that cross through 24 vehicle and eight pedestrian lanes. A major expansion project is in progress including improvements to access roads. The project is estimated to cost $520 million. Funding in the amount of $34 million was approved in FY 2004 for site acquisition and design.

One out of every ten people entering the United States through any land, sea, or air port of entry, does so though San Ysidro. The development of a new port of entry at East Otay Mesa - Otay II is underway and will 6. provide an alternate entry for vehicles and commercial traffic east of the existing commercial crossing. This port will be linked to State Routes 905 and 125 through the construction of State Route 11. This port will also connect to the Tijuana–Rosarito corridor, a new highway in Baja California from the coastal area of Rosarito to the U.S.-Mexico border to the east of the Otay Mesa port of entry. The project has 80 acres reserved on both sides of the border to accommodate the new port and access roads.

In 1985, the Otay Mesa Port of Entry (POE) was developed as a passenger and commercial POE.

4 8. SPECIFIC PLAN FOR MESA DE OTAY 1,895 megawatts. The system includes four high voltage stations, plus 27 substations. By the year The City of Tijuana’s Plan Parcial de la Mesa de 2010, the City of Tijuana’s need for electricity Otay (Specific Plan for East Mesa de Otay) was will increase by eight percent. completed in 2005. The preparation of this plan

was a joint effort among federal, state, and

municipal governments. The plan has the 12. NATURAL GAS following goals: The City of Tijuana has two high capacity • Support policies to mitigate and address pipelines supplying natural gas for industrial use urban development risk factors related to only. land use guidelines, public services, and public safety considerations; 13. ENVIRONMENT • Prepare transportation infrastructure guidelines to provide access to a new port of entry and connect it to the Tijuana-Rosarito corridor; and • Provide financial options or alternatives to fund the construction of city streets in the area of the proposed new port of entry and establish a planning framework for the area.

9. TIJUANA’S WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM The main source of water in the City of Tijuana is the Colorado River. Additional sources are the Rodriguez Dam and Arroyo Misión Alamar, for a total supply of 8.4 million cubic meters. As of Some of the most threatened and biologically January 2004, there were a total of 373,598 unique areas in the world are located in Tijuana. water connections. Specifically, the Mesa de Otay region often referred to as the San Ysidro Unit, is considered to be one of the 25 Biodiversity hotspots in the 10. WATER TREATMENT entire world. The San Ysidro Unit includes Otay Mountain, San Miguel Mountain, Cerro There are 16 water treatment plants in the San Isidro, Jesús María Mesa, and Tecate Peak, City of Tijuana. Two are operated by CESPT which are located near the study area of the (Tijuana’s State Public Services Commission) in Otay Mesa –Mesa de Otay Binational Corridor San Antonio de los Buenos and San Antonio del Strategic Plan. Representing the California Mar. The International Wastewater Treatment Floristic Province the Otay Mesa region is home Plant, located in San Diego, provides water to a vas variety of wildlife, including many treatment for the City of Tijuana. It is operated endemic and threatened species such as by the International Boundary and Water Otay Mesa Mint, Mexican Flannelbush, Stephen’s Commission (IBWC). Kangaroo Rat, Otay Manzanita, San Diego

Fairy Shrimp, and the largest population of the

rare Tecate Cypress. 11. ELECTRICITY

There are two thermoelectric plants that supply electricity to Tijuana (Cerro Prieto in Mexicali, and Presidente Juárez in Rosarito). The total combined electrical energy supply is over

5 The City of Tijuana has no official conservation Figure 1 areas, although the administration and the city’s urban plan pursue to preserve coastal areas, CITY OF TIJUANA mountains (984 ft. over sea level), habitat for PROCESS TO PREPARE AND APPROVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANS migratory species, rivers, and other water-bodies.

CITY COUNCIL ACTION 14. TRANSPORTATION (RAIL, HIGHWAYS, PREPARE PROGRAM/PLAN TRANSIT)

AGENCY DRAFT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM/PLAN

PUBLIC REVIEW AND COMMENT

ADDRESS COMMENTS

The “Short Line Tijuana-Tecate” is Tijuana’s only

rail system and is also part of the San Diego & COMMENTS Arizona Eastern railway. Highway 2 connects the City of Tijuana to the rest of the country, and PRESENTATION TO CITY Highways 1 and 3 connect Tijuana to the rest of COUNCIL the peninsula. Two toll highways connect Tijuana with Ensenada and Tecate. APPROVAL Freight transportation infrastructure is concentrated in industrial areas and the Otay Mesa Port of Entry. PRESENTATION TO CCDUE There are 280 lineal miles of public transit with approximately 250 routes (buses, microbus, and APPROVAL taxis). PUBLICATION ON POGE

REGISTRATION ON RPPC

CCDUE: State of Baja California Commission for Coordination of Urban Development POGE: Official Gazette of the Government PUBLICATION of the State of Baja California ON 2 NEWSPAPERS

RPPC: Public Registry of Property and OF STATEWIDE Commerce CIRCULATION

6

7

II

Tecate Otay delPadre de Cuota n ñó n Terá Terán

Ca Blvd.

Carr. Garita

Futura

Alamar Alamar

Arroyo Arroyo Arroyo Artes Artes Clouthier Blvd.

Otay

Bellas Bellas

de

Blvd. Blvd. Blvd. Garita

Xochicalco

Univ.

Central de Autobuses Autobuses de de Central Central

de Tijuana Tijuana de de

Aeropuerto Aeropuerto

8 Neighboring: San Diego

and Tijuana Region San Diego Association South County of Governments Economic 401 B Street Suite 800 Development San Diego, CA 92101 Council Tel: 619.699.1900 1111 Bay Blvd. Suite E Chula Vista, CA 91911 Tel: 619.424.5143

San Diego San Diego/ 2006: Region Tijuana Tijuana Region Population 3,066,8201 1,417,7302 4,484,550 Population < Age 18 771,2021 476,0192 1,247,221 Percent < Age 18 25%1 34%2 2000 – 2006 Change % 9%1 30%3 Land Area (sq. miles) 4,2611 1,0714 5,332 Acres 2,727,0301 685,4404 3,412,470 Population per sq. mile 7201 1,3172 1,018.5 Labor Force 1,537,2205 594,8302 2,132,050 Number of Employed 1,478,805 586,9232 2,065,728 Number of Unemployed 58,415 7,9072 66,322 Unemployment Rate 3.8%1 1.32%2 - Inflation Rate 3.7%5 .38%4 - GRP (millions) 143,6508 11,5764 - Median Household Income $ 64,7371 $14,2404 - Total Housing Units 1,118,4101 357,0642 1,475,474

2030 Forecast: Total Population 3,984,7531 2,422,0716 6,406,824 Housing Units 1,383,8031 803,021 6 2,186,824

Annual 2005 (Northbound) Passenger Border Crossing Statistics7 People Vehicles Commercial Trucks San Ysidro 41,424,069 17,067,966 0 Otay Mesa 15,275,785 6,872,886 724,572 Tecate 2,579,986 997,913 67,087 Total 59,279,840 24,938,765 791,659 - Amounts reflected are shown in US dollar equivalents - Tijuana median household income (2005 figure) is calculated based on the fact that more than one family members work.

Sources: 1 San Diego Association of Governments 2 Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática – 2005 Figures 3 Programa de Desarrollo Urbano del Centro de Población de Tijuana 2002-2025 – Forecast for 2025 4 Secretaria de Desarrollo Económico de Tijuana, XVII Ayuntamiento de Tijuana 5 US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 6 Consejo Nacional de Poblacion (CANAPO) 7 US Customs and Border Protection 8 San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce 9 All Crossings at California’s Ports of Entry Northbound Passenger Vehicle, Trucks and Pedestrian Crossings

60,000,000

50,000,000

40,000,000

30,000,000

20,000,000

Crossings of Number

10,000,000

0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 All Crossings 48,659,788 45,654,691 47,050,425 43,464,250 44,509,555 49,111,910 48,031,779 49,189,984 46,637,936 52,228,352 45,620,484 47,989,121 51,021,042 49,605,579 45,950,765 PAX Vehicles 26,772,654 27,509,481 28,628,764 26,795,585 24,637,002 29,203,865 29,054,090 29,785,642 27,163,235 27,995,930 26,393,966 28,900,004 30,887,091 31,307,550 30,286,425 Trucks 569,956 579,126 642,699 698,692 694,697 928,364 881,157 977,018 1,028,020 1,023,597 1,054,777 1,022,949 1,096,083 1,116,589 1,139,031 Pedestrians 21,317,178 17,566,084 17,778,962 15,969,973 19,177,856 18,979,681 18,096,532 18,427,324 18,446,681 23,208,825 18,171,741 18,066,168 19,037,868 17,181,440 14,525,309 Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Data represent federal fiscal year. Note: Includes San Ysidro, Otay Mesa, Tecate, Calexico West, Calexico East and Andrade ports of entry.

San Ysidro Port of Entry Northbound Passenger Vehicle and Pedestrian Crossings

20,000,000

18,000,000

16,000,000

14,000,000

12,000,000

Number of Crossings of Number 10,000,000

8,000,000

6,000,000 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 POV Vehicles 13,540,135 14,667,073 15,933,956 13,833,715 13,477,537 15,271,520 15,098,292 15,044,219 14,054,104 15,675,483 15,249,703 17,368,166 17,878,897 16,961,998 17,073,761

Pedestrians 11,647,190 8,828,312 9,267,088 7,467,712 8,747,231 8,736,505 7,234,716 7,406,921 7,854,351 12,645,326 7,577,569 7,874,109 9,811,395 8,773,167 7,225,871

Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Data represent federal fiscal year. 10 Otay Mesa Port of Entry Northbound Passenger Vehicle, Trucks, and Pedestrian Crossings

8,000,000

7,000,000

6,000,000

5,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000

Crossings of Number 2,000,000

1,000,000

0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 POVs 4,132,417 3,711,402 3,821,390 4,591,529 3,392,994 3,569,830 4,276,186 4,453,774 4,855,639 4,198,508 3,868,417 4,723,433 5,787,714 6,822,796 6,000,699 Trucks 374,141 384,615 428,086 477,390 475,427 558,383 599,001 684,484 683,703 700,453 725,710 698,228 724,903 724,572 752,981 Pedestrians 659,481 521,426 377,435 388,220 566,737 628,285 604,333 697,791 640,026 666,042 1,830,903 1,442,874 1,499,949 1,540,469 1,365,345 Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Data represent federal fiscal year.

Tecate Port of Entry Northbound Passenger Vehicle, Trucks, and Pedestrian Crossings

1,400,000

1,200,000

1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000 Number of Crossings of Number

200,000

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 POVs 1,042,030 1,061,129 1,032,944 1,089,999 1,202,983 1,149,431 1,210,533 1,139,569 1,237,240 1,268,109 997,575 998,649 Trucks 41,064 45,932 64,262 57,914 59,647 61,707 62,243 57,756 58,812 68,469 67,087 75,042 Pedestrians 273,125 264,136 288,728 283,802 280,897 291,212 294,181 472,061 424,030 430,572 487,138 508,804 Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Data represent federal fiscal year.

11 U.S.-Mexico Border Population Projections

(Border Counties and Municipalities) 26,000,000

24,000,000

22,000,000

20,000,000

18,000,000

Population 16,000,000

14,000,000

12,000,000

10,000,000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Estimates 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Low 12,584,937 13,312,630 14,021,368 14,691,553 15,317,581 15,902,460 Medium 13,107,883 14,288,252 15,522,489 16,794,655 18,117,365 19,493,083 High 13,282,191 14,907,140 16,710,412 18,681,857 20,880,608 23,354,106 Source: http://www.scerp.org/population.htm

San Diego – Tijuana Population Projections

4,500,000

4,000,000

3,500,000

3,000,000

2,500,000 Population

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000 2000 2010 2020 *2030

2000 2010 2020 2030 *

San Diego 2,813,833 3,245,279 3,635,855 3,984,753 Tijuana 1,210,820 1,834,263 2,558,701 3,401,858 Source: Programa de Desarollo Urbano del Centro de Poblacion de Tijuana, B.C. 2001-2025, and SANDAG. *For Tijuana forecast results extrapolating 2025 at 2.89 percent yearly.

12 (in billions) California Exports to Mexico

25

20

15

10

5

0 1997 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2.26 3.24 4.17 4.67 5.52 6.55 6.52 7.6 7.3 9 12 13.3 14.9 17.5 16.3 16.1 14.8 17.2 17.7 19.6 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics

Otay Mesa-Mesa de Otay: Two-Way Value of Trade

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 12,298 14,646 15,584 18,760 19,385 20,367 19,660 22,171 24,401 28,598 Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transborder Surface Freight Data

13

THE OTAY MESA – MESA DE OTAY BINATIONAL CORRIDOR STRATEGIC PLAN AND THE CITY OF TIJUANA PROCESS TO PREPARE AND APPROVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANS

SANDAG has worked collaboratively with planning Ecology Commission for this Commission and City agencies in Baja California in several studies; Council to authorize IMPlan to develop the however, no formal adoption or approval process Strategic Plan in coordination with SANDAG. On was followed by those agencies. Since the goal of September 11, 2006, the City of Tijuana’s City the Otay Mesa-Mesa de Otay Binational Corridor Council formally authorized IMPlan to proceed Strategic Plan is to work towards effective with the preparation of the Otay Mesa – Mesa de binational planning, it was desirable that this plan Otay Binational Corridor Strategic Plan jointly with also be adopted by the City of Tijuana. SANDAG.

The Otay Mesa-Mesa de Otay Binational Corridor Figure 1 on page 7 illustrates the process for the Early Action Plan evaluated transportation, preparation and approval of urban development economic development, housing, and plans in the City of Tijuana. Similar to the environmental conservation issues in a binational consultation process in the San Diego region, the context. In addition to partnering with IMPlan, Draft Otay Mesa – Mesa de Otay Binational SANDAG worked closely with the California Corridor Strategic Plan will be released for public Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and the review and comments in Tijuana. After comments Secretariat of Infrastructure and Urban are addressed, Tijuana’s City Council will be asked Development of Baja California (Secretaría de to approve the Strategic Plan. Infraestructura y Desarrollo Urbano or SIDUE). For plans and programs within Mexico, municipal Municipal planning activities in Mexico are plans are then presented for approval to the State formulated in a three-year municipal development of Baja California’s Commission for Coordination of plan. These plans are prepared by each municipal Urban Development (Comisión Coordinadora de administration, which serves for a three-year term. Desarrollo Urbano del Estado de Baja California). The current plan encompasses the years 2005 Once both approvals are obtained, plans and through 2007. programs are published in the Official Gazette of the State of Baja California (Periódico Oficial del In June 2006, the City of Tijuana created the Gobierno del Estado de Baja California) and Subcommittee of Binational Affairs, under the registered in the Public Registry of Property and umbrella of the Planning Committee for Municipal Commerce. The last formal step is to publish the Development (Comité de Planeación para el approved plans or programs in two newspapers of Desarrollo Municipal or COPLADEM). This general circulation in Baja California. The State of Subcommittee has taken the lead in incorporating Baja California will be consulted on the process the Otay Mesa – Mesa de Otay Binational Corridor that would be followed for binational plans. Strategic Plan into the formal planning activities of the City of Tijuana.

On July 26, 2006, the Subcommittee on Binational Affairs discussed the Draft Otay Mesa – Mesa de Otay Binational Corridor Early Action Plan and recommended that the development of the Otay Mesa – Mesa de Otay Binational Corridor Strategic Plan be incorporated into the municipal planning activities. To follow up on this recommendation, on August 22, 2006, Councilmember Edgar Fernandez made a request to the City of Tijuana’s Urban Development and

14