Poe and LED LIGHTING

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Poe and LED LIGHTING THE BEGINNERS GUIDE TO PoE AND LED LIGHTING Hubbell Premise Wiring A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY Power over Ethernet (PoE) lighting has been a buzz worthy topic in both the lighting and network cabling worlds for several years, yet much of the information that surrounds it is unclear or often misunderstood. This whitepaper focuses on the practical applications of PoE, as well as creating an understanding of how we have reached this point in the advancement of lighting technology. 18TH CENTURY 20TH CENTURY THE NEXT GENERATION Gas lighting Neon lighting, fluorescent lamps, LED Power over Ethernet (PoE) and compact fluorescent light bulbs technology for LED PRE-HISTORY 19TH CENTURY 21ST CENTURY Torches, Oil Lamps, Candles Kerosene lamps, LED filament light bulbs, incandescent light bulbs LED screw-in light bulbs To understand the convergence of light-emitting diodes lasted longer than incandescent bulbs and consumed (LEDs) and PoE, it’s helpful to first understand the main approximately one-third of the energy. This finding driver in technological change and advancement within allowed fluorescent to prevail as the lighting of choice the lighting industry. Economists and social scientists for the next several decades until the next driver of theorize that technological innovation is a result of one lighting advancement surfaced. of two opposing models: The “push” model, meaning Following the 1973 oil crises and subsequent broader that advancement – often in the form of a product – energy crises, the need to save energy again created is pushed out to the marketplace fulfilling an unknown a demand. This time, industry research resulted in the need, or the “demand-pull” model which begins with a development of the Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL). market need followed by research, development and Arriving on the market in the mid-1980’s, CFL attained ultimately the launch of a new product. Essentially and eventually surpassed cost parity with fluorescent economic conditions, demographics and our social within the first few years of the 21st century. environment drive the acceptance or denial of technological innovation and progress. Throughout In the United States, lighting accounts for approximately the 20th century, advancements in lighting technology 9.5 percent of the average total electricity consumed by were a result of both models. the residential sector, increasing to 11 percent in the commercial sector. However, improving efficiency in The initial push of fluorescent lighting research from lighting technology has led to decreased consumption in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s transitioned to a recent years. A snapshot from an average office building demand-pull model during World War II as U.S. factories fifteen years ago would place that figure closer to 20 which were working overtime sought out more efficient percent, or even higher depending on the climate zone. lighting. Research determined that fluorescent lights How does this information relate to technology in 2017? The Beginners Guide to PoE & LED Lighting | 2 MAKING THE CASE FOR LED Today’s LED bulbs are also six to seven times more energy efficient than “conventional incandescent lights, cut energy by more than 80 percent, and can last more than 25 times longer. Taken together, these advancements have led to rapid deployment in the past few years in both commercial and residential applications. In 2012 alone, more than 49 million LEDs were installed in the U.S. – saving about $675 million in annual energy costs – and as prices continue to drop, LEDs are expected to become a common feature in homes across the country. ” — U.S. Energy Department’s website To further substantiate this data a USA Today article by Kellie Ell from June, 2017 states that in recent years the price of an LED light bulb has dropped by 85 percent and that since 2009. In addition, the number of LED bulbs installed in U.S. households has jumped from less than 400,000 in 2009 to 78 million in 2014. The article goes on to compare the ten year costs of an incandescent, halogen and LED light bulb (60 watt GE LED bulb with an average kilowatt/hour cost, purchased from a national retailer). The costs for each bulb were: INCANDESCENT HALOGEN LED $78.80 $76.80 $17.25 The evidence overwhelmingly suggests that higher front end costs of an LED bulb are quickly offset by low operational, maintenance and replacement costs, providing an ROI that’s easy to quantify. The Beginners Guide to PoE & LED Lighting | 3 OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS: PRESENT DAY PoE Compared to traditional incandescent or CFL bulbs, LED continuously escalating. Although most PoE systems do bulbs have a significantly lower wattage requirement, not utilize the maximum allowable current on all four which has acted as a catalyst for the development of pairs, the proposed application standard (IEEE 802.3bt) PoE lighting technology. specifies that up to 1A per pair can be supplied to the device over the structured wiring system. PoE is a method of transferring low voltage power and data over the same category cable. It is not a new Concurrently, the TIA is developing TSB-184-A which innovation, but has a history dating back to 2000 when describes the steps recommended to support these Cisco first applied the technology to power Voice over increasing power requirements. Maximum current Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones, causing its popularity levels for a structured cabling system are set and based to grow exponentially. IEEE first set standards for PoE on; copper cross sectional area, de-rating necessary in 2003 with the ratification of 802.af, which allowed for for bundling, maximum cable capacity, maximum 15.4 watts of power injected (13.5 watts delivered) on environmental temperature, and the maximum each port, utilizing a power source and a power device. allowable temperature rise in the cable. It has been assumed that connectors do not represent the limiting Initially the most common devices were VoIP phones, IP factor in the system. This assumption is generally cameras, wireless access points, intercom, Network Time correct, however improperly designed connectivity Protocol wall clocks, sensors and access controls. This may not support the required current without standard was limited to power over two cable pairs. detrimental effects. IEEE 802.3at, also limited to two cable pairs, was passed in 2009, however with an increase to 30 watts injected In addition to normal UL and NEC safety standards, (25.5 watts delivered). the next level of verification assures that the connectors can continuously conduct required current levels without Nate Herring, Senior Product Manager for Hubbell overheating. Excessive heating can reduce electrical Premise Wiring provided this insight into the performance characteristics of connectors. Plus, heat development and advancement of PoE, noting its can increase the likelihood of failure in the form of trace potential as well as limitations: severing or de-lamination of the printed circuit board “Proliferation of PoE enabled devices and systems FR4 substrate. New standards allow for power insertion continues to drive the need for higher levels of DC on all four pair combinations. As a result, the maximum power over structured cabling systems. This is being expected current through a connector is 1A on each of driven by a rapid increase in the total number of PoE the four pairs. devices deployed with each device requiring more The current carrying capacity of connecting hardware power. Through the iterations of IEEE 802.3af, IEEE is determined by the thickness and width of the current 802.3at, and now IEEE 802.3bt, the maximum current carrying printed circuit board (PCB) traces (a trace is the drawn across the cabling infrastructure has been The Beginners Guide to PoE & LED Lighting | 4 continuous path of copper lines on a PCB). Industry designed to exceed this minimum industry requirement design rules suggest that a 0.0015” thick (1 oz.) trace on all current carrying paths. Hubbell conducts power that is 0.015” wide is capable of handling 0.55A of testing to ensure that connectivity exceeds minimum current with less than 10 degrees Celsius of temperature requirements and provides at least a 50% current rise (50 degrees Fahrenheit). Hubbell Premise Wiring carrying capacity margin over existing and proposed connecting hardware products have always been applications.” OPTIMIZING LED WITH POE The advantages of LED lighting for new construction Recently, PoE lighting has also been explored as a or as a retrofit are evident, but what are the additional method to improve security, particularly in high- real life benefits of powering LED lighting via PoE? occupancy buildings such as schools and hospitals. As with traditional LED lighting, cost savings is a The technology can be setup to change color during major factor. Some estimates provide a minimum security threats, helping to identify a clear path of 15 percent savings in total cost of ownership over towards emergency exits. In addition, it can even be a ten year period when LED lighting and controls used to inform security personal of the location of the are combined with PoE. In commercial buildings, threat or hazard. lighting systems have historically been powered by a dedicated 227V AC infrastructure, requiring the Spanning beyond security and safety, PoE capabilities installation of additional control sensors in some have also been applied to support health and instances as a secondary network. This ultimately wellness. For example, light levels and temperature adds to the building’s capex and opex through can be adjusted to more effectively simulate a natural increased maintenance costs. range of light in windowless habitable spaces. This “healthier” lighting can help minimize the adverse Adding to smart building capability, PoE can be effects on circadian rhythms (your 24 hour internal used to deliver critical building data captured clock or sleep/wake cycle) typically experienced with through the lighting system – such as movement traditional artificial light.
Recommended publications
  • Leds Magazine Is Published by IOP Publishing Ltd and Cabot Media Ltd
    www.ledsmagazine.com Technology and applications of light emitting diodes LEDS Issue 1 MAGAZINE April 2005 Editor: Tim Whitaker [email protected] Tel. +44 (0)117 930 1233 Advertising sales: [email protected] Tel. +44 (0)117 930 1030 LEDS IN ARCHITECTURE Escaping the bulb culture: the future of LEDs in architectural illumination The real value proposition for LEDs lies in the transformation from bulb culture to digital light, says Sheila Kennedy. p13 LEDs find their niche in architectural lighting Lighting designer Iain Ruxton thinks that LEDs are “still a bit of a gimmick” although the technology has great potential. p23 STANDARDS Industry alliance proposes standard definition for LED life “Ultimately, the successful adoption of LEDs by the lighting community will depend upon a consistent and accurate presentation of life data.” p9 VEHICLES Solid-state lighting in the automobile: concepts, market timing and performance Turner Field, Atlanta, is now home to the world’s largest high-definition television screen. p5 LEDs are not a “plug and play” replacement for other technologies in automotive front lighting. p25 MARKETS The LED market grew 37% to reach $3.7 billion in 2004 p18 ANALYSIS Color Kinetics and Super Vision move towards their day in court p3 LEDs Magazine is published by IOP Publishing Ltd and Cabot Media Ltd. Contact address: Institute of Physics Publishing, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS1 6BE, UK. Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing and Cabot Media Ltd. Many factors have to be taken into consideration when The Chinese government is funding All rights reserved. designing LED flash units for camera phones.
    [Show full text]
  • Detecting and Characterizing Nighttime Lighting Using Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2012-12 Detecting and characterizing nighttime lighting using multispectral and hyperspectral imaging Metcalf, Jeremy P. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27869 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS DETECTING AND CHARACTERIZING NIGHTTIME LIGHTING USING MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING by Jeremy Paul Metcalf December 2012 Thesis Advisor: Fred A. Kruse Second Reader: Chris D. Elvidge Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202–4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2012 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE DETECTING AND CHARACTERIZING 5. FUNDING NUMBERS NIGHTTIME LIGHTING USING MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING 6. AUTHOR(S) Jeremy P. Metcalf 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943–5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Converting Fluorescent Or Neon Signs to Energy-Efficient LED Illumination
    A brighter idea? Converting fluorescent or neon signs to energy-efficient LED illumination epending on the type of your interior or exterior lighted sign, it may very Dwell pay to update its illumination to energy-efficient light-emitting diodes or LED LEDs. Thousands have found the value in retrofitting, including one nationwide chain of thousands of convenience stores. But is it right for you? Here are some considerations. LED advantages over fluorescent lighting and able to withstand shock and vibration. In contrast, neon, which is encased in glass, breaks relatively easily Some estimate that illumination via light-emitting diodes during transportation and installation, and is subject to the over fluorescent bulbs can reduce sign maintenance and same hazards of wind and weather as fluorescent bulbs. energy costs by up to 80 percent. Disposal, too, may be a concern. Neon signs contain Begin by considering the expenses of repairs. As solid- mercury, which is hazardous to the environment. state devices with no moving parts, filaments or glass, LEDs are remarkably durable and maintenance-free. Not Then there’s energy use, which favors light-emitting so with fluorescent bulbs. They are significantly more diodes hands down. LEDs have a lifetime energy savings fragile than LEDs—making them prone to breakage during of up to 40 percent over neon! transportation and installation or when exposed to strong One other factor gives the nod to light-emitting diodes winds or heavy storms. over neon, and that’s cold-weather performance. LED While the cost of a replacement fluorescent light is minimal, modules stay brighter in cold weather, where neon sign the sign owner must often not only pay for a service call and brightness can drop dramatically when temperatures fall perhaps a bucket truck, but also for the environmentally safe below 35 degrees Fahrenheit, thereby negating much of disposal of the bulb, which contains toxic mercury.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Radiation Tests on a LED Based Emergency Evacuation
    Design and radiation tests on a LED based emergency evacuation directional lighting PoS(TWEPP-17)092 Juan Casas CERN-TE/CRG 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Nikolaos Trikoupis1 CERN-TE/CRG 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] A LED (Light Emitting Diode) based directional lighting system has been designed to indicate the best evacuation direction for applications like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) tunnel. The design includes constraints for redundancy required by safety systems and for components selection by radiation effects. Most of the literature for radiation effects on LEDs concern digital communications systems, although some recent reports do exist for visible spectrum power LEDs and the reduction in light output versus dose is coherent with the results presented in this paper. Prototype lighting units were irradiated in CERN’s CHARM facility up to a Total Integrated Dose (TID) of 870 Gy and no failures were observed. This paper describes the basic design, presents field tests and the effects of radiation on the LEDs luminance. Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 11 - 14 September 2017 Santa Cruz, California 1Speaker Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://pos.sissa.it/ LED based emergency evacuation directional lighting J. Casas & N. Trikoupis 1. Introduction Directional lighting that guides the personnel present in confined spaces would be a useful addition for evacuation procedures, however the authors were not able to find a manufacturer that provides such equipment qualified to operate in a radiation environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents E46 Lighting Systems
    Table of Contents E46 Lighting Systems Subject Page E46 Lighting Systems . .4 System Components . .5 LSZ Control Module . .5 LSZ Switch (Headlight Switch) . .6 High Beam/Turn Signal Stalk Switch . .6 Brake Light Switch . .7 Hazard Warning Switch . .7 Fog Light Relay . .8 Rain and Light Sensor . .8 Exterior Lighting . .9 Headlights . .9 Tail Lights . .9 Brake Lights . .10 E46 Convertible Third Brake Light . .10 Advantages of Neon Technology . .10 Principle of Operation . .11 Lamp Monitoring . .11 Emergency (Failsafe Lighting) . .12 Home Lighting . .13 Redundant Storage . .13 Crash Control Activation . .14 Fog Lights . .14 Dimmer Circuit (KL58g) . .14 Indicator Lamps . .14 Rain/Driving-Light Sensor (RLS) . .15 Xenon Headlight Systems . .17 LWR . .18 Version Identification . .18 Headlight Replacement Parts . .18 Xenon High Intensity Discharge Bulbs . .19 Phases of Bulb Operation . .19 Functional Description . .19 Initial Print Date: 12/04 Revision Date: Subject Page Xenon Bulb Monitoring . .20 Xenon Headlight Assembly Components . .20 Bi-Xenon Headlights . .21 Components . .22 Bi-Xenon Headlight . .22 Electrical control facility for bi-xenon headlights . .22 Diagnosis . .23 Xenon Headlight Testing . .23 Xenon Headlight SI/TRI Bulletin . .23 Adaptive Headlights (AHL) . .24 E46 Lighting Systems Model: E46 Production: From Start of Production After completion of this module you will be able to: • Understand the lighting systems used on E46 • Identify and locate lighting system components • Diagnose lighting system concerns 3 E46 Lighting Systems E46 Lighting Systems The E46 lighting system consists of a Light Switch Center (LSZ) module which controls all exterior lighting. In addition to the electronic control and monitoring system for the external vehicle lights, the LSZ contains the switch for parking lights/low beam, the push buttons for fog lights as well as the potentiometers for instrument lighting.
    [Show full text]
  • Flexible Linear V2
    Jesco Corporate Showroom | New York City, NY Reception is lit with Colorflex LCF-RGB See page 46 Steps, platform and entry seating are lit with LEDLinc Miniflex See page 36 Jesco Showroom | Las Vegas, NV Bars are lit with DL-FLEX-RGB Flexible Linear Strip using a LC-PC-200 controller with remote control See page 14 Jesco Showroom | Dallas, TX Counter is lit with DL-SQ-RGB Color Changing Square Modules See page 18 Flexible Linear Lighting JESCO LIGHTING GROUP is proud to present our second edition of LED Flexible Linear Lighting Solutions catalog, with a large offering of innovative products for indoor and outdoor applications. Each of the products in this catalog is created to meet the needs of architects, interior designers, engineers, contractors and owners. Designers will find a wide variety of product options for specific projects such as architectural, cabinetry, furnishings, exhibition display and signage installations. Applications include residential, corporate, office, retail settings, and hospitality venues such as hotels and restaurants. The LED Lighting solutions presented in this catalog have a direct effect of reducing energy and maintenance costs; lowering installation costs; reducing the need for HVAC; and eliminating harmful UV radiation and environmentally damaging mercury. Jesco LED Lighting Solutions allow designers to effectively create a beautiful look in, and around, a space – a look that visitors can remember. Creative, subtle backgrounds that keep a shopper in a store, a couple in a restaurant; exciting surroundings of lighting that help a corporation strengthen its marketing image; or a simple visual statement remembered by the passer-by.
    [Show full text]
  • Driverless Neon LED Strip Light Data Sheet
    DATA SHEET NEON LED STRIP LIGHTS 120V AC Product Description Neon LED Strip Lights 120V AC create the look and feel of eye-catching neon lights using energy saving LEDs. No more expensive and dangerous high voltage lighting required to enjoy the amazing colors of neon lights. Neon LED strips are safer, flexible, and more affordable, coming in lengths as short as 18" up to 165 continuous feet on one plug. This neon LED strip runs on any A/C wall outlet, bringing the ability to add the look of neon lighting virtually anywhere at low cost and with no professional assistance. Compared to traditional neon lighting with dangerous gases, custom fixtures, and high voltage energy transformers, Neon LEDs are safe and flexible with a bend radius as small as 3" and come ready to plug in right out of the box. Neon LED strip lights come fully sealed in silicone tubing to protect the strip from the elements. The tubing is UV protected and waterproof rated at IP65 for the toughest outdoor applications including outdoor commercial lighting, hospitality lighting, architectural lighting, landscape lighting, and deck/patio lighting. • ETL Listed for Safety and Durability • No high voltage transformers or neon • IP65 rated waterproof housing • Made to Order gas required • Indoor/outdoor use • Works at 120V AC Line Voltage • Perfect for walls, buildings, linear • Fully dimmable • Cut Points Every 18" lighting, and theater lighting • Each purchase includes power • Amazing bright neon color • Plug in directly to any AC outlet cord and end cap installed • Fully seamless light • Available from 18in to 165ft long Quick Spec.
    [Show full text]
  • All About Elements: Neon
    All About Elements: Neon 1 Ward’s All About Elements Series Building Real-World Connections to the Building Blocks of Chemistry PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS GROUP 1/IA 18/VIIIA 1 2 H KEY He Atomic Number 1.01 2/IIA 35 13/IIIA 14/IVA 15/VA 16/VIA 17/VIIA 4.00 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be Symbol Br B C N O F Ne 6.94 9.01 79.90 Atomic Weight 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 8 9 10 22.99 24.31 3/IIIB 4/IVB 5/VB 6/VIB 7/VIIB VIIIBVIII 11/IB 12/IIB 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.41 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.9678.96 79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (97.91)(98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29 55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La-Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn ´ 132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.20207.2 208.98 (208.98)(209) (209.99)(210) (222.02)(222) 87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Fr Ra AcAc-Lr - Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo ´´ (223.02)(223) (226.03)(226) (261.11)(261) (262.11)(262) (266.12)(266) (264.12)(264) (277.00)(277) (268.14)(268) (247.07)(269) (280.00)(272) (285.00)(285) (284.00)(284) (289.00)(289) (288.00)(288) (293.00)(289) (294.00) (294.00)(294) ´ 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (144.91)(145) 150.36 151.97151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97 US: www.wardsci.com Canada: www.wardsci.ca ´´ 800-962-2660 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 © 2010 Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Efficient Lighting What Is Light? Electromagnetic Radiation
    What is Light? Electromagnetic Radiation Energy Efficient Lighting Scott Sanford Senior Outreach Specialist University of Wisconsin – Madison 2 Sensitivity of an average humans eye What is Light? • http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/publicat ions/pdf/illuminationfund.pdf • Figure 3.4 Source: The Light Measurement Handbook – Alex Ryer, International Light 3 4 Technologies; http://files.intl-light.com/ILT-Light-Measurement-Handbook.pdf Terminology Terminology • Lamps not bulbs • Color Temperature (CT) – Units of Kelvin • Indicates the light color – red to blue • Fixture – enclosure that provides support and mounting for ballast, lamps, reflector and diffuser • Lamp Depreciation • Percentage reduction in lamp output as lamp ages (mean lumen • Lamp output – Lumens output / initial lumen output). • a measure of the power of light perceived by the human eye • (60 w incandescent = ~ 850 L) • Light Loss Factor • Intensity – measured in foot-candles (fc) or Lux • Includes Lamp Depreciation plus environmental factors like dirt • Office – 50 FC accumulation on diffuser • Dairy barn – 10-20 FC • Average Rated Life – • Color Rendering Index (CRI) • mean time for 50% of lamps to burn out or stop functioning properly • Ability of humans to perceive colors under artificial light compared to natural sunlight express as a percent. 5 6 1 Color Temperature • Skylight (clear blue sky) 12-20,000K • Daylight 5000 - 6500K • Cool white / Bright White 3500 - 4100K • Warm White / Soft White 2700 - 3000K • High pressure sodium lamp 2100K • Mercury Vapor 5700K • Incandescent 2500 - 2900K • Match or candle flame 1700 - 1900K 273ºK = 0ºC = 32ºF 7 Color Rendering Index • Ability of humans to perceive colors under artificial light compared to sunlight.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTICLE V. TURTLE NESTING PROTECTION Sec. 46-201. Purpose and Intent. Sec. 46-202. Definitions. Page 1 of 6 ARTICLE V. TURTLE
    ARTICLE V. TURTLE NESTING PROTECTION Page 1 of 6 ARTICLE V. TURTLE NESTING PROTECTION Sec. 46-201. Purpose and intent. The purpose of this article is to reduce the impacts of artificial coastal lighting on threatened and endangered sea turtles that nest on the beaches of Miami Beach by restricting artificial lighting and other activities that disorient turtle hatchlings, causing them to crawl toward land rather than toward the ocean. This article is intended to provide overall improvements in nesting habitat degraded by light pollution, and increase successful nesting activity and production of hatchlings. The restrictions and constraints of this article shall be effective within the incorporated areas of Miami Beach and apply to any coastal lighting or other activity that has potential to adversely impact sea turtles within city limits. (Ord. No. 2006-3525, § 1, 9-6-06) Sec. 46-202. Definitions. The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this article, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this section, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning: Artificial light means any point source of light emanating from a device made by humans, including but not limited to incandescent mercury vapor, metal halide, sodium lamps, fluorescent, flashlights, spotlights, streetlights, vehicular lights, construction lights, security lights, bonfires, or any light emanating from any reflective surface of the device. Beach means that area of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the mean low- water line of the Atlantic Ocean, to the place where there is a marked change in material or physiographic form, or to the line of permanent vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalog and Price Guide
    FUNHOUSE CREATIONS Inc. 2020 1433 Mandela Parkway – Oakland, CA – 94607 www.coolneon.com (510) 547-5878 Catalog and Price Guide Cool Neon Electroluminescent Wire, Drivers and Sequencers Total Control Lighting LED Pixels and Controllers Arduino Boards and Shields LED Party Decorations, Playa Gifts Tech Support phone hours: 10 am – 5 pm Monday through Friday. In-store shopping hours: 11 am – 4 pm Wednesday through Friday. Visit, call, or email us at [email protected]. Our friendly, knowledgeable staff is here to help. For more information, including specs, pictures, videos, tutorials, and products not included in this catalog, visit www.coolneon.com, call us at (510) 547-5878, or email us at [email protected]. Table of Contents: Cool Neon Electroluminescent Wire Raw Wire, Custom Soldering, Spool Discounts................................................... 3 Plug & Play Units and Harnesses..........................................................................4 Instant Gratification: Funlights.............................................................................5 Drivers and Sequencers.....................................................................................6-9 Electroluminescent Ribbon...................................................................................9 Power Adapters...................................................................................................10 Connectors...........................................................................................................11 Soldering Tools and
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0268461 A1 Deak Et Al
    US 20090268461A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0268461 A1 Deak et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 29, 2009 (54) PHOTON ENERGY CONVERSION Publication Classification STRUCTURE (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: David G. Deak, Brooklyn, NY F2IV 7/00 (2006.01) (US); Joseph Lam, Chai Wan (HK) HOIL 33/00 (2006.01) s s HOI. I./62 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ... 362/247; 257/98; 313/503; 257/E33.001 LUCAS & MERCANTI, LLP (57) ABSTRACT 475 PARKAVENUE SOUTH, 15TH FLOOR NEW YORK, NY 10016 (US) A photon energy conversion device uses at least one ultravio let light emitting diode (UV-LED) with a wavelength shifting (21) Appl. No.: 12/150,528 medium Such as phosphor or quantum dots. The device can be used as a light source, and shaped like incandescent light (22) Filed: Apr. 28, 2008 bulbs, fluorescent tubes, circles or compact fluorescent bulbs. LED CHP ACTIVE PART: LIGHT Patent Application Publication Oct. 29, 2009 Sheet 1 of 20 US 2009/0268461 A1 High energy efficient phosphor uniform coating throghout the Gaussian inner surface of the bulb housing Mirror reflector surrounding the UW-LEDs. - Ultraviolet AC-to-DC light emitting diodes. voltage down converter. Circuit disk for mounting Connexion to UV-LEDs. bulb base Bulb base. Base hollow region for circuitry. (entre connecion Figure 1 Patent Application Publication Oct. 29, 2009 Sheet 2 of 20 US 2009/0268461 A1 Current limiting device Solder pad connected to + termia of power supply (DC) JV-I.EDS A - tal / Solder pad connected to - terminal of power supply Figure 2 Patent Application Publication Oct.
    [Show full text]