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Finals 1 by the Editors Tossups A ACADEMIC C COMPETITION F FEDERATION 2015 ACF Nationals Finals 1 by The Editors Tossups 1. The first derivation of the potential vorticity equation under a relaxed form of this condition was performed by Jule Charney using Ertel’s theorem. That potential vorticity equation under a loosened form of this condition reduces synoptic-scale flow to a non-linear PDE in terms of the stream function. That loosened condition is used because real systems tend to be baroclinic rather than barotropic and prefixes this condition with “quasi-”. An incompressible fluid’s flow under this condition forms a Taylor column and is independent of the coordinate parallel to the rotation axis according to the Taylor-Proudman theorem. This condition occurs when the ratio of horizontal flow velocity to twice the angular velocity of Earth’s rotation times the horizontal scale of the flow, is much less than unity. Like hydrostatic equilibrium, it requires that there be no acceleration, and that ratio is the Rossby number. For 10 points, name this condition in which the pressure gradient force for a flow is balanced by the Coriolis effect. ANSWER: geostrophic [or word forms, such as geostrophy; or quasi-geostrophic until “incompressible” is read] 2. This artist’s version of The Annunciation features a brown-haired adolescent Mary draped in Middle Eastern cloth and a golden blotch of radiant light in place of Gabriel. A faceless man in white robes holding a lantern provides the lighting to this man’s night scene, The Flight into Egypt. The businessman Rodman Wanamaker patronized this artist after he saw his Resurrection of Lazarus at the Salon of 1897; that act allowed him to make 1902’s The Seine and 1919’s The Arch. This artist was taught by Jean-Paul Laurens after he left the United States, where he studied under Thomas Eakins. This man depicted a father and his child praying at the table in The Thankful Poor. A young boy sits on the lap of his elder while receiving musical instruction in another painting by this man. For 10 points, name this Philadelphia born African-American artist of The Banjo Lesson. ANSWER: Henry Ossawa Tanner 3. Mark Richardson compares the speaker of this poem to Huck Finn in an analysis that frames it as a criticism of a certain “mode of being White”, noting that this poem “comes fully alive” only after one recognizes the import of a line about “squiggling saxophones”. This poem describes figures “smacking their muzzy bellies in parade” as “disaffected flagellants, well-stuffed”, and lists “tink and tank and tunk-a-tunk-tunk” as “novelties of the sublime”. It tells its addressee that “palm for palm, [...] we are where we began” and admits that “We agree in principle. That’s clear.” It advocates building a “haunted heaven” and projecting “a masque beyond the planets” from, respectively, a nave and a peristyle constructed from “the moral law” and “the opposing law”. This poem notes that “fictive things / Wink as they will” and opens with the related declaration “Poetry is the supreme fiction, madame”. For 10 points, name this Wallace Stevens poem whose title may refer to his religious mother. ANSWER: “A High-Toned Old Christian Woman” 4. This city was governed for a time by the rebel general Achaeus, until he was betrayed by a resident named Bolis, leading to his capture by Antiochus III. According to legend, a concubine of Males (MAH-lays) came forward in this city with a young lion, and Males tried to fulfill a Telmessian prophecy by having that lion walk around this city, but this city became vulnerable because the lion couldn’t walk up its steepest slope. Another story says that its destruction caused a ruler to shoot an arrow in the air and yell “Jupiter, grant me revenge upon the Athenians!” when he learned that Athens gave ships to Aristagoras to burn this city. This city, on the banks of the Pactolus River and the slopes of Mount Tmolus, was plundered after the Battle of Thymbra. An apocryphal tale says it was visited by king Solon of Athens, who engaged in a dialogue where he declined to praise this city’s ruler for his wealth. For 10 points, name this ancient capital of the Lydian empire under King Croesus. ANSWER: Sardis [or Sardes; or Sfard; or Sparda; or Sardeis; or Sart; or Sartmahmut; do not accept “Sparta”] 1 5. The study of this topic was partially reshaped by Louis Mink, who considered its various uses in “Narrative Form as a Cognitive Instrument.” A book about this subject has an epigraph from Gaston Bachelard’s The Psychoanalysis of Fire stating "One can only study what one has dreamed about." That book analyzes this topic using the literary modes of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. An essay on this topic proposes that various intellectuals approach this subject using either the antiquarian, monumental or critical methods. Hayden White wrote a "meta-study" of this subject, whose “use and abuse” is discussed in an untimely meditation by Friedrich Nietzsche. In the 19th century, Thomas Carlyle proposed the “great man theory” of this topic, which is imagined to proceed through the age of gods, the age of heroes and the age of men in The New Science. Giambattista Vico produced a cyclical model of, for 10 points, what study of past human events? ANSWER: history [or metahistory] 6. The protein VIVID regulates this organism’s response to blue light, which is mediated in part by the WHITE COLLAR complex. In one mechanism discovered in this organism, duplicated DNA sequences are removed during a sexual cross via the accumulation of numerous G:C to A:T mutations–that mechanism is repeat-induced point mutation. This organism’s frq or “frequency” gene codes for a well-studied circadian clock protein. Its wild-type strains include Mauriceville and Oak Ridge. This organism has a haploid life cycle with 7 chromosomes, and it generates an ordered tetrad during meiosis. In a landmark experiment, X-ray-induced mutants of this organism were grown in various “minimal” and “complete” media, showing that all of the mutants that could not grow in minimal media were able to grow successfully with the addition of a single nutrient, such as biotin or thiamine. For 10 points, name this bread mold, a model organism used by George Beadle and Edward Tatum to come up with the one-gene one-enzyme hypothesis. ANSWER: Neurospora crassa [or N. crassa, prompt on “bread molds”] 7. In his first appearance, this character compares the title figure to a “cicada of the long-legged race” that always sings the “same old ditty” in the grass. In one scene, he entertains Frosch and Siebel by singing a song about a king with a giant flea while drinking in Auerbach’s cellar. This character gives advice to a “proktophantasmist,” by suggesting that he apply leeches to his fat “rear end.” Later, this character advises his companion that the magic image of Medusa’s eyes are not that of his beloved. This character twice procures a case of jewels and leaves them behind in a certain character’s cabinet so that his companion can seduce her. He first appears in the “Prologue in Heaven,” where he and God have a conversation about the pursuits of the title figure. After another character attempts to translate the word logos, this character offers to show that man the “great world” and the “small world” when he transforms from his poodle form into his human form. For 10 points, name this demon who tempts the scholar Faust in Goethe’s drama. ANSWER: Mephistopheles [prompt on “The Devil”; do not accept or prompt on “Satan”] 8. The first movement of a work written for this ensemble introduces an unusually long theme in 3/2 time that spans more than three octaves, the first of twelve themes in the work. Lawrence Foster orchestrated that work for this ensemble, which features movements marked “Tres fougueux” and “Mouvement de valse bien rythmée” and is a C major work by Georges Enescu. Both a Niels Gade work in F major and a Max Bruch work in B-flat major were written for this ensemble. Another work for this ensemble features a scherzo that was later orchestrated to replace the minuet in its composer’s first symphony; that scherzo was inspired by a passage from the “Walpurgisnacht” section of Goethe’s Faust. The finale of that work for this ensemble quotes from Handel’s “Hallelujah Chorus” and was completed shortly before its composer’s Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream. For 10 points, a young Felix Mendelssohn wrote an E-flat major work for what ensemble that is sometimes composed of two string quartets? ANSWER: string octets [prompt on “octets” or “double string quartets”] 9. During one episode in this incident, state officials broke into the office of Achilles Sneed to recover records that he was ordered to turn over by the legislature, after which he was fined. A compromise that appointed George Bibb to replace John Boyle eventually resolved this incident, which was sparked when governor Gabriel Slaughter enacted a measure to deal with a group called the “Forty Thieves.” This incident began when the state Assembly issued the “replevy law” stopping creditors from collecting on their debts for at least one year. After that law was successfully challenged, governor Joseph Desha of the newly-formed Debt Relief Party responded by passing a reorganization bill. The journalist Francis Blair was appointed as the clerk for one side in this controversy. That side was also supported by Solomon Sharp, which may have led to his murder by Jereboam Beauchamp, as detailed in the novel World Enough and Time.
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