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Stuttgarter Beiträge Zur Naturkunde Serie a (Biologie) A684 11.10.2005 9:47 Uhr Seite 1 Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A Nr. 684 95 S. Stuttgart, 18. X. 2005 Types in the fish collection of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, described in 1845–2004 RONALD FRICKE Abstract The fish collection of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart contains type specimens of nominal species described by A. AGASSIZ, L. AGASSIZ, L. A. J. AL-HASSAN, J. P. ARNOLD, P. BANARESCU, A. BARANES, H. BATH, P. BLEEKER, M. E. BLOCH, A. BRAUER, A. BRITO, P. CHABANAUD, E. H. CHAVE, R. FRICKE, S. GARMAN, J. GAYE-SIESSEGGER, A. C. GILL, D. GOLANI, A. C. L. G. GÜNTHER, J. J. HECKEL, C. HERNÁNDEZ, D. S. JORDAN, R. N. JUBB, K. KESSLER, C. B. KLUNZINGER, I. KOCH, F. KRAUSS, H. KRØYER, C.-L. LEE, L. LORTET, C. F. LÜTKEN, A. R. MCCULLOCH, R. D. MOOI, T. A. MUNROE, O. NÜSSLIN, J. D. OGILBY, P. S. PALLAS, P. PAPPENHEIM, C. M. L. POPTA, F. W. PUTNAM, J. E. RANDALL, J. REIN- HARDT, C. R. ROBERTS, V. G. SPRINGER, F. STEINDACHNER, A. SUZUMOTO, G. VEESENMAYER, R. E. WATSON, M. WEBER, G. P. WHITLEY, J. T. WILLIAMS, P. WIRTZ, M. ZAISER BROWNELL. The fish type collection contains a total of 869 specimens, i. e. 68 holotypes, 303 syntypes, 4 lectotypes, 2 neotypes, 59 paralectotypes and 433 paratypes, out of 105 families and 288 species of fishes. 69 additional types out of 37 species have apparently been lost in the past. Information on the original descriptions, type status, actual classification, and addition- al type specimens in other collections are presented in the present paper. Keywords: Fish collection, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, type catalogue. Zusammenfassung Die Fischsammlung des Staatlichen Museums für Naturkunde in Stuttgart enthält Typus- exemplare, die von den folgenden Autoren beschrieben wurden: A. AGASSIZ, L. AGASSIZ, L. A. J. AL-HASSAN, J. P. ARNOLD, P. BANARESCU, A. BARANES, H. BATH, P. BLEEKER, M. E. BLOCH, A. BRAUER, A. BRITO, P. CHABANAUD, E. H. CHAVE, R. FRICKE, S. GARMAN, J. GAYE-SIESSEGGER, A. C. GILL, D. GOLANI, A. C. L. G. GÜNTHER, J. J. HECKEL, C. HERNÁN- DEZ, D. S. JORDAN, R. N. JUBB, K. KESSLER, C. B. KLUNZINGER, I. KOCH, F. KRAUSS, H. KRØYER, C.-L. LEE, L. LORTET, C. F. LÜTKEN, A. R. MCCULLOCH, R. D. MOOI, T. A. MUN- ROE, O. NÜSSLIN, J. D. OGILBY, P. S. PALLAS, P. PAPPENHEIM, C. M. L. POPTA, F. W. PUTNAM, J. E. RANDALL, J. REINHARDT, C. R. ROBERTS, V. G. SPRINGER, F. STEINDACHNER, A. SUZU- MOTO, G. VEESENMAYER, R. E. WATSON, M. WEBER, G. P. WHITLEY, J. T. WILLIAMS, P. WIRTZ, M. ZAISER BROWNELL. Die Sammlung enthält insgesamt 869 Exemplare, darunter 68 Holoty- pen, 303 Syntypen, 4 Lektotypen, 2 Neotypen, 59 Paralektotypen und 433 Paratypen von 288 Arten aus insgesamt 105 Familien. 69 weitere Typusexemplare von 37 Arten sind anscheinend in der Vergangenheit verloren gegangen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt Informationen über Ori- A684 11.10.2005 9:47 Uhr Seite 2 2 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. A, Nr. 684 ginalbeschreibungen, Typenstatus, aktuelle Namen sowie weitere Typusexemplare in anderen Sammlungen. Contents 1 Introduction . 2 1.1 Historical review . .2 1.2 The BLEEKER collection . 4 1.3 The KLUNZINGER and MÜLLER collections . 6 1.4 Additional type collections . 7 2 Methods and materials . .8 2.1 Methods . 8 2.2 Materials . 9 3 Type catalogue . 11 4 References . 70 5 Index . 84 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical review The 200 year old Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart is one of the largest natural history museums in Central Europe. It is a state museum (State of Baden-Württemberg, Federal Republic of Germany), and employs today 27 scien- tists, with a total of about 120 employees. The natural history collection was founded in the 17th century, when natural cu- riosities were collected in the “Herzoglich Württembergische Kunstkammer”. Since about 1690, unpaid keepers were in charge of the collection. By decree of Duke KARL EUGEN VON WÜRTTEMBERG, it became independent from the art collection in 1791. In 1826, the collections moved to a new building in Stuttgart (Neckarstraße 4–6, at Archivstraße); in that year, the public natural history museum was founded (“Naturhistorische Staatssammlung Württembergs”). After 1826, the collections were reorganized and increased. Annex buildings were added providing more space in 1837 and 1864 (LAMPERT 1896). The collections remained in the Neckar- straße/Archivstraße buildings until World War II, when they were moved to over 30 different localities all over southwestern Germany in order to protect them from bombardments. Before the evacuation was completed, the museum building was hit by bombs in September 1944 and burnt out completely, destroying natural history materials. After the war, the museum housed temporarily in ruins, then in old bar- racks in Ludwigsburg. In 1950, the museum’s name was changed to “Staatliches Mu- seum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart”. Parts of the exhibition moved into Schloss Rosenstein in Stuttgart in 1954. Additional scientific staff was employed since the beginning of the 1960s (SCHÜZ 1966). A new building near the Löwentor in Stuttgart was opened on 4 December 1985. Schloss Rosenstein was reconstructed and re- opened with new exhibitions in 1993. The collection of recent fishes was founded around 1800. Nearly no dry materials older than 1800 survived. The first alcohol specimens are from 1818, when the mu- seum received fishes from Venice collected by VON MARTENS. The fish collection slowly increased with materials from South Africa collected by LUDWIG and KRAUSS (collected in 1837, 1840), from Surinam collected by KAPPLER (between 1845 and 1880), from Egypt by GRIESINGER (collected in 1852), and from Brazil by GLOCKER A684 11.10.2005 9:47 Uhr Seite 3 fricke, types in stuttgart fish collection 3 (received in 1853 and 1854). Materials were exchanged with the Museums in Milano (in 1853, 1857), Hamburg (in 1859) and Cambridge, Massachusetts (in 1859, 1864, 1876). In 1860 and 1861, collections from Indonesia were received from P. BLEEKER. After 1860, the fish collection increased faster, with materials from Brazil (MONIZ D’ARAGAR, received in 1861), the Ethiopian Red Sea (HEUGLIN, in 1861 and 1865), Mediterranean (KLUNZINGER, VON ELSAESSER and GEGENBAUR, in 1862–1863), In- donesia (VON ROSENBERG and LUDEKING, in 1867), and Nigeria (MANN, between 1868 and 1877). Large collections from Australia were presented by VON MÜLLER (from 1868 to 1891). Additional important materials from the northern Red Sea were presented by KLUNZINGER (from 1869 to 1894). Later, fishes from New Zealand (VON HAAST, in 1876), India (DOBSON, in 1877; WARTH, in 1877), Guatemala (SARG, from 1879 to 1885), Tokyo (BAIR, in 1882; SCHNEIDER, in 1883; SCHMIDT-SCHARF, in 1906), and the Near East (LORTET, in 1884) were added. The museum exchanged ma- terials with the museums in Copenhagen, Vienna, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Pe- tersburg, Hamburg and Berlin. In the end of the 19th century, large collections were received from Singapore (MAYER, in 1897 and 1902), from several Pacific islands (KRÄMER, from 1898 to 1900), Indonesia (POPLOT, in 1904), from the German colonies including West and East Africa, China, New Guinea (several collectors), Taiwan (SAUTER, in 1908), Wladiwostok (WITTENBURG, in 1908) and other areas. In 1910, fishes of the Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition 1898/1899 were received. In the 1920s, materials from Argentina collected by the Deutsche Chaco-Expedition 1925/26, and from Brazil (EHRHARDT, in 1923 and 1928) were added. A collection from South Africa was purchased in 1965, a Latimeria chalumnae from the Comoro Islands in 1966. In 1974, the museum exchanged fishes with the Australian Museum in Sydney. A collection of freshwater fishes from Chile was received (WETZLAR, in 1975–1976). Since 1989, the fish collection increased rapidly; a worldwide collection (FRICKE) was purchased, and additional materials were added, mainly from European fresh- water, European seas, Indo-Pacific, South American and Southeast Asian freshwater. Important collections added materials from the Mascarene Islands, Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. Curators in charge of the zoology collection were C. F. KIELMEYER (1790–1796), J. AUTENRIETH (1796–1797), C. F. JÄGER (1797–1817), and G. F. JÄGER (1817–1856). F. VON KRAUSS (1812–1890, at the museum 1840–1890) reorganized and catalogued the zoology collections since 1840, and increased the collections by contacts to col- lectors from all over the world (LAMPERT & SCHÜZ 1962). C. B. KLUNZINGER cata- logued and identified the fish collection between 1879 and 1884 and was the first fish taxonomist at the museum. K. LAMPERT (1859–1918, at the museum 1884–1918) mostly worked on the freshwater fauna of southwestern Germany, but also arranged new exhibitions and added to the fish collection (LAMPERT 1959). M. RAUTHER (1879–1951) protected the collections by organizing their evacuation during World War II. In 1963, the first curator of fishes was employed: G. VON WAHLERT (at the museum 1963–1988), who was working on evolutionary biology, functional mor- phology and tropical aquaculture. The present curator is R. FRICKE (since December 1988), who is working on taxonomy, zoogeography and evolution of several fish groups; he is also engaged in European nature conservation projects. After World War II, the collection was housed provisionally in old barracks in Ludwigsburg, then in the Schloss Rosenstein in Stuttgart. In 1990, the fish collection A684 11.10.2005 9:47 Uhr Seite 4 4 stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde Ser. A, Nr. 684 moved to a new spirit building (Pragstraße, Stuttgart), which provided more space and permitted the reorganization of the collection according to modern systematics. Though there is still shortage of collection space, it is now possible to work with the collection after a period of more than 50 years of stagnation.
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