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Mali 2018 International Religious Freedom Report
MALI 2018 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution prohibits religious discrimination and grants individuals freedom of religion in conformity with the law. The law criminalizes abuses against religious freedom. On January 31, the government adopted a new national Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) strategy that included interfaith efforts and promotion of religious tolerance. The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Worship was responsible for administering the national CVE strategy, in addition to promoting religious tolerance and coordinating national religious activities such as pilgrimages and religious holidays for followers of all religions. Terrorist groups used violence and launched attacks against civilians, security forces, peacekeepers, and others they reportedly perceived as not adhering to their interpretation of Islam. In the center of the country, affiliates of Jamaat Nasr al- Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) attacked multiple towns in Mopti Region, threatening Christian, Muslim, and traditional religious communities, reportedly for heresy. Muslim religious leaders condemned extremist interpretations of sharia, and non- Muslim religious leaders condemned religious extremism. Some Christian missionaries expressed concern about the increased influence in remote areas of organizations they characterized as violent and extremist. Religious leaders, including Muslims and Catholics, jointly called for peace among all faiths at a celebration marking Eid al-Fitr in June hosted by President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita. In January Muslim, Protestant, and Catholic religious leaders called for peace and solidary among faiths at a conference organized by the youth of the Protestant community. The president of the High Islamic Council of Mali (HCI) and other notable religious leaders announced the necessity for all religious leaders to work toward national unity and social cohesion. -
Security Council Distr.: General 28 December 2020
United Nations S/2020/1281* Security Council Distr.: General 28 December 2020 Original: English Situation in Mali Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. By its resolution 2531 (2020), the Security Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) until 30 June 2021 and requested me to report to the Council every three months on the implementation of the resolution. The present report covers major developments in Mali since my previous report (S/2020/952) of 29 September. As requested in the statement by the President of the Security Council of 15 October (S/PRST/2020/10), it also includes updates on the Mission’s support for the political transition in the country. II. Major developments 2. Efforts towards the establishment of the institutions of the transition, after the ousting of the former President, Ibrahim Boubacar Keita on 18 August in a coup d’état, continued to dominate political developments in Mali. Following the appointment in late September of the President of the Transition, Bah N’Daw, the Vice-President, Colonel Assimi Goïta, and the Prime Minister, Moctar Ouane, on 1 October, a transition charter was issued. On 5 October, a transitional government was formed, and, on 3 December, President Bah N’Daw appointed the 121 members of the Conseil national de Transition, the parliament of the Transition. Political developments 1. Transitional arrangements 3. On 1 October, Malian authorities issued the Transition Charter, adopted in September during consultations with political leaders, civil society representatives and other national stakeholders. The Charter outlines the priorities, institutions and modalities for an 18-month transition period to be concluded with the holding of presidential and legislative elections. -
Final Technical Report| April 2017
FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT| APRIL 2017 Final technical report International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Strengthening West African Research Capacity on Security - Project 106743 (March 2012 – Feb. 2017) ISS-Pretoria (head Office) ISS-Dakar 361 Veale Street Regional Office for West Africa Block C, Brooklyn Court Immeuble Atryum Center, 4th floor New Muckleneuk Route de Ouakam, Pretoria, South Africa Dakar, Senegal Research team Programme managers Déo Barakamfitiye, Stéphanie Wolters, Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni Senior researchers Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni, William Assanvo, Barthelemy Blédé, David Zounmenou, Stéphanie Wolters Researchers Paulin Maurice Toupane and Ibrahim Maïga Junior researcher Ella Abatan Junior fellows 2012: Awa Faye Daou, Paulin Maurice Toupane, Lucie Boucher 2013: Lidawo Kilo, Baba Dakono, Bile Ehoussoua Marie Emmanuela Kabran, Sohe Loïc Elyse Gino Vlavonou, Mahamoudou Kane 2014: Esso- Wedeou Gnamké, Fatimata Ouédraogo, Tity Agbahey, Ibrahim Maïga, Ousmane Aly Diallo 2015: Jeannine Ella Abatan, Cheikh Dieng, Pascaline Compaoré, Jeanine Kobi Bié 2016: Aissatou Kanté, Kadiatou Yacouba Keita, Fatimata Ba, Wendyam Aristide Sawadogo, Patrick Olivier Gnonsekan Country/Region Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Dakar (Senegal), Nairobi (Kenya), Pretoria (South Africa) Contact information Lori-Anne Théroux-Bénoni [email protected], [email protected] CONTENTS 1. Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. The research problem -
IDRC Ribot Working 6 October 2001 Draft
LOCAL ACTORS, POWERS AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN AFRICAN DECENTRALIZATIONS: A REVIEW OF ISSUES Paper Prepared for International Development Research Centre of Canada Assessment of Social Policy Reforms Initiative Final Draft 6 October 2001 Jesse C. Ribot Senior Associate Institutions and Governance Program World Resources Institute 10 G Street, N.E. #800 Washington, D.C. 20002 USA [email protected] Table of Contents ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................................IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................................................IV BOX 1: DEFINING DECENTRALIZATION...................................................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................VI INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................1 I. DECENTRALIZATION IN AFRICAN HISTORY..................................................................................4 II. WHY DECENTRALIZE? ................................................................................................................................7 Efficiency ........................................................................................................................................................... -
Mapping Ethnic Violence in Mali From
RISIS IN THE ENTER MAPPING ETHNIC VIOLENCE C C IN MALI FROM 2012 TO 2018 BACKGROUND RESULTS This project’s purpose is to analyze where ethnic violence is taking place in Mali since The population maps showed a higher density of people and set- the Tuareg insurgency in January 2012. Chaos from the insurgency created a power tlement in the South, with minimal activity in the North; this is vacuum in the North, facilitating growing control by Islamic militants (“Africa: Mali — consistent with relevant research and presents the divide be- The World Factbook” 2019). While a French-led operation reclaimed the North in tween the two, fueled by imbalances in government resources. 2013, Islamic militant groups have gained control of rural areas in the Center (“Africa: The age of this data (2013) is a potential source of error. The spatial Mali — The World Factbook” 2019). These groups exploited and encouraged ethnic analysis shows that ethnic violence is concentrated in the center of rivalries in Central Mali, stirring up intercommunal violence. Mali’s central and north- Mali, particularly Mopti and along that area of the Burkina Faso border. Conflict ern regions have faced lacking government resources and management, creating events near the border in Burkina Faso were not recorded, but could have aided in grievances between ethnic groups that rely on clashing livelihoods. Two of the key the analysis. There are two clear changes demonstrated by mapping kernel density of ethnic groups forming militias and using violence are the Dogon and Fulani. The vio- individual incidents from the beginning of the Malian crisis (2012-2015) and those lence between these groups is exacerbated by some of the Islamic militant groups from more recent years (2016-2018). -
If Our Men Won't Fight, We Will"
“If our men won’t ourmen won’t “If This study is a gender based confl ict analysis of the armed con- fl ict in northern Mali. It consists of interviews with people in Mali, at both the national and local level. The overwhelming result is that its respondents are in unanimous agreement that the root fi causes of the violent confl ict in Mali are marginalization, discrimi- ght, wewill” nation and an absent government. A fact that has been exploited by the violent Islamists, through their provision of services such as health care and employment. Islamist groups have also gained support from local populations in situations of pervasive vio- lence, including sexual and gender-based violence, and they have offered to restore security in exchange for local support. Marginality serves as a place of resistance for many groups, also northern women since many of them have grievances that are linked to their limited access to public services and human rights. For these women, marginality is a site of resistance that moti- vates them to mobilise men to take up arms against an unwilling government. “If our men won’t fi ght, we will” A Gendered Analysis of the Armed Confl ict in Northern Mali Helené Lackenbauer, Magdalena Tham Lindell and Gabriella Ingerstad FOI-R--4121--SE ISSN1650-1942 November 2015 www.foi.se Helené Lackenbauer, Magdalena Tham Lindell and Gabriella Ingerstad "If our men won't fight, we will" A Gendered Analysis of the Armed Conflict in Northern Mali Bild/Cover: (Helené Lackenbauer) Titel ”If our men won’t fight, we will” Title “Om våra män inte vill strida gör vi det” Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--4121—SE Månad/Month November Utgivningsår/Year 2015 Antal sidor/Pages 77 ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Utrikes- & Försvarsdepartementen Forskningsområde 8. -
Under the Gun Resource Conflicts and Embattled Traditional Authorities in Central Mali
Under the gun Resource conflicts and embattled traditional authorities in Central Mali CRU Report Anca-Elena Ursu Under the gun Resource conflicts and embattled traditional authorities in Central Mali Anca-Elena Ursu CRU Report July 2018 July 2018 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: © Anca-Elena Ursu, April, 2018 Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL. About the author Anca-Elena Ursu is a research assistant with Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit. A legal professional by training, she works at the intersection of traditional justice and local governance in the Sahel. The Clingendael Institute P.O. -
2016 Country Review
Mali 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 5 Mali 6 Africa 7 Chapter 2 9 Political Overview 9 History 10 Political Conditions 12 Political Risk Index 66 Political Stability 81 Freedom Rankings 96 Human Rights 108 Government Functions 110 Government Structure 111 Principal Government Officials 121 Leader Biography 122 Leader Biography 122 Foreign Relations 131 National Security 143 Defense Forces 154 Chapter 3 156 Economic Overview 156 Economic Overview 157 Nominal GDP and Components 159 Population and GDP Per Capita 160 Real GDP and Inflation 161 Government Spending and Taxation 162 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 163 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 164 Data in US Dollars 165 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 166 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 167 World Energy Price Summary 168 CO2 Emissions 169 Agriculture Consumption and Production 170 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 172 Metals Consumption and Production 173 World Metals Pricing Summary 175 Economic Performance Index 176 Chapter 4 188 Investment Overview 188 Foreign Investment Climate 189 Foreign Investment Index 193 Corruption Perceptions Index 206 Competitiveness Ranking 217 Taxation 226 Stock Market 227 Partner Links 227 Chapter 5 229 Social Overview 229 People 230 Human Development Index 232 Life Satisfaction Index 236 Happy Planet Index 247 Status of Women 256 Global Gender Gap Index 259 Culture and Arts 268 Etiquette 268 Travel Information 269 Diseases/Health Data 280 Chapter 6 287 Environmental Overview 287 Environmental Issues 288 Environmental Policy 288 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 290 Global Environmental Snapshot 301 Global Environmental Concepts 312 International Environmental Agreements and Associations 326 Appendices 350 Bibliography 351 Mali Chapter 1 Country Overview Mali Review 2016 Page 1 of 363 pages Mali Country Overview MALI Located in western Africa, the landlocked Mali is one of the poorest countries in the world. -
Assessing Cropland Abandonment in Mopti Region with Satellite Imagery
December 2019 MALI Assessing cropland abandonment in Mopti region with satellite imagery Since 2018, Mopti region has been marred by an escalation in violence. In the eastern part of the region, intercommunal tensions have Key points increasingly taken on the character of a conflict between armed groups, • Insecurity peaks in 2019 including ethnically based militias and self-defence groups. Rising levels heavily affected agricultural of violence have threatened food security, with a loss of livelihoods for activities in the eastern part displaced populations, difficulties in cultivating fields and accessing of Mopti region markets for those who have remained in their villages. • In total, 25% of villages in Given the vast area of Mopti region, the consequences of the conflict on the region are affected by a decrease in cropland areas the landscape are difficult to consistently monitor. Moreover, the access in 2019, compared to pre- to many communes has been heavily restricted due to the present conflict years (2016, 2017) circumstances. Consequently, little to no field data could be collected in 2019 for some parts of the region. Satellite imagery helped to assess the • The most affected areas are Koro, Bankass and impact of violent events on agricultural land in the region. Bandiagara cercles, as well as the commune of Mondoro In October 2019, the Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping unit (VAM) of the World Food Programme conducted a geospatial analysis, measuring the • Evidence visible from space degree of change in cultivated areas between 2019 and years prior to translate into situations of the degradation of the security situation, covering Mopti region. -
African Studies Abstracts Online: Number 39, 2012 Boin, M.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A
African Studies Abstracts Online: number 39, 2012 Boin, M.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A. van Citation Boin, M., Polman, K., Sommeling, C. M., & Doorn, M. C. A. van. (2012). African Studies Abstracts Online: number 39, 2012. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/19525 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/19525 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Number 39, 2012 AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE Number 39, 2012 Contents Editorial policy .............................................................................................................iii Geographical index .....................................................................................................1 Subject index...............................................................................................................3 Author index ................................................................................................................6 Periodicals abstracted in this issue ...........................................................................13 Abstracts ...................................................................................................................16 Abstracts produced by Michèle Boin, Katrien Polman, Tineke Sommeling, Marlene C.A. Van Doorn i ii EDITORIAL POLICY EDITORIAL POLICY African Studies Abstracts Online provides an overview of articles -
Post-Conflict Elections”
POST-CONFLICT ELECTION TIMING PROJECT† ELECTION SOURCEBOOK Dawn Brancati Washington University in St. Louis Jack L. Snyder Columbia University †Data are used in: “Time To Kill: The Impact of Election Timing on Post-Conflict Stability”; “Rushing to the Polls: The Causes of Early Post-conflict Elections” 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ELECTION CODING RULES 01 II. ELECTION DATA RELIABILITY NOTES 04 III. NATIONAL ELECTION CODING SOURCES 05 IV. SUBNATIONAL ELECTION CODING SOURCES 59 Alternative End Dates 103 References 107 3 ELECTION CODING RULES ALL ELECTIONS (1) Countries for which the civil war has resulted into two or more states that do not participate in joint elections are excluded. A country is considered a state when two major powers recognize it. Major powers are those countries that have a veto power on the Security Council: China, France, USSR/Russia, United Kingdom and the United States. As a result, the following countries, which experienced civil wars, are excluded from the analysis [The separate, internationally recognized states resulting from the war are in brackets]: • Cameroon (1960-1961) [France and French Cameroon]: British Cameroon gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1961, after the French controlled areas in 1960. • China (1946-1949): [People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan)] At the time, Taiwan was recognized by at least two major powers: United States (until the 1970s) and United Kingdom (until 1950), as was China. • Ethiopia (1974-1991) [Ethiopia and Eritrea] • France (1960-1961) [France -
Redeployment of the State in Central Mali What Role for the Communities in the Return of State Services in the Mopti and Segou Regions?
This project is funded by the European Union Redeployment of the State in Central Mali What role for the communities in the return of state services in the Mopti and Segou regions? Alerted to the emergence of a new conflict in the This permanent mechanism for dialogue seeks to centre of Mali, the Government of Mali developed facilitate a series of negotiations to ensure that the Integrated Security Plan for the Central Re- the return of the state services meets the priority gions (Plan de Sécurisation Intégrée des Régions needs identified by the communities and it does du Centre, PSIRC) in 2017, with its aim to pacify not expose them to reprisals. and stabilize the region by restoring the state’s presence in the area. It is within this context that In addition to roadmaps drawn up jointly by par- in 2018 the Malian government called upon the ties for each of the seven target administrative Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) to help districts in the Mopti and Ségou regions, these secure the support of local communities. Since 180 leaders, split into district-based dialogue then, HD, with its mandate as a neutral interme- frameworks, are contributing to the return of pu- diary, has been facilitating an ongoing dialogue blic services and to improved collaboration between 180 community leaders, identified to between local communities and state authorities. represent the interests of their communities to A sampling of their achievements, in part due to the public authorities and state representatives HD support, are presented here. involved in the redeployment of public services.