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Ground Beetles of the Baltic Sea Coast in Schleswig- Holstein

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Ground Beetles of the Baltic Sea Coast in Schleswig- Holstein ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Angewandte Carabidologie Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: 10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Irmler Ulrich, Schierding Marc, Seer Franziska Artikel/Article: Ground beetles of the Baltic Sea coast in Schleswig- Holstein (northern Germany) – Impacts of environmental parameters and spatial use 23-34 ©Gesellschaft für Angewandte Carabidologie e.V. download www.laufkaefer.de Ground beetles of the Baltic Sea coast in Schleswig- Holstein (northern Germany) – Impacts of environ- mental parameters and spatial use Marc SCHIERDING, Franziska SEER & Ulrich IRMLER Abstract: Ground beetles of the Baltic Sea coast in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany) - impacts of environmental parameters and spatial use – The carabid assemblages of sandy and shingle beaches, open and wooded cliffs, and lagoons were investigated at 9 locations on the Baltic Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein in 2009. Lagoons, primary dunes and open cliffs exhibited the highest species richness according to the results of the sample rarefaction method. Carabid assemblages of lagoons were separated from all other coastal ha- bitats but exhibited no exclusive species when compared to mainland lakes. Sandy and shingle beaches were not significantly distinct in terms of the carabid fauna. Soil moisture, wood cover and soil pH were the most important factors for the variance of the coastal carabid community. All species of the beach used the whole gradient from sand to shingle soils. Asaphidion pallipes, Nebria livida, and Bembidion stephensi were found to demand specific mixtures of sand and silt/clay in the open cliff habitat. Broscus cephalothes was found in high densities in the upper zones of sandy beaches. The population size of a 150 m section of beach was approximately 150 specimens. Although exhibiting a slow speed of only 7.7 m per day, B. cephalothes occupied a large home-range of 236.3 ± 24.4 m² on average. The mean maximum distance within its home-range accounted for 86.9 ± 5.8 m. The large home-range of B. cephalothes can be explained by the poor prey conditions of beach habitats. 1 Introduction et al. 2008; Schierding et al. 2011). A number of The Baltic Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein (nort- coastal conservation areas has been established in hern Germany) contains numerous different habi- many countries of the European Union because of tats: cliffs, beach barriers, lagoons with and without these impacts. However, while many conservation contact to the sea, salt marshes, and different types of areas seasonally protect the breeding or migrant birds, beaches. In contrast to the North Sea, the Baltic Sea they do not take the habitat demands for invertebrates coasts are not influenced by tides but are greatly domi- and flora into consideration (Weslawski et al. 2000; nated by waves. Erosion beaches are characterised by Veloso et al. 2008). shingle or boulder; accumulation beaches are domina- Although the coastal habitats of Germany were ted primarily by sand. Based on these environmental studied long ago (Knülle 1952; Heydemann conditions, the total coastal habitat up to the drift line 1967), most investigations in the past have concen- can be inhabited by terrestrial organisms. trated on salt marshes (Irmler & Heydemann The beaches on both coasts in Schleswig-Holstein 1986; Meyer et al. 1997; Irmler et al. 2002). This are highly attractive to tourists for recreational purpo- has also been true for the Baltic Sea coast, where salt ses and water related sport activities. Schleswig-Hol- marshes are rarer than sandy beaches (Schliemann stein has recorded a growing number of guest-nights, 2007; Hennicke 2007). A few studies of prima- reaching a high in 2009 with more than 5 million ry dunes exist (Schaefer 1970; Hörschelmann guest-nights (www.statistik-nord.de). It has been pre- 1990, Schmidt 2002), but beaches and cliffs have dicted that the number of tourists will increase even never been studied. For this reason the present further as the water temperature increases due to cli- investigation studies coastal habitats that were previ- mate change (Schumacher & Stybel 2009). As a ously unknown from an ecological perspective. The result of the intensive use of European beaches, heavy following three aspects have already been published damage to plant and animal communities has been using the material collected by the present investiga- observed (Llewllyn & Shackley 1996; Dugan tion: spiders (Araneae) (Vahder & Irmler 2010), Angewandte Carabidologie 10 (2013): 23–34 ISSN: 2190-7862 (Internet) ©Gesellschaft für Angewandte Carabidologie e.V. download www.laufkaefer.de currence of ground beetles on different beach and cliff Danmark habitats. Salt-marshes, dunes and heaths were inten- tionally omitted because detailed studies are already available (Irmler et al. 2002; Irmler & Gürlich Baltic Sea 2004; Schliemann 2007; Hennicke 2007). Addi- tionally, the population ecology of Broscus cephalothes 1 2 3 (L., 1758), which lives in the upper calcareous zone 4 5 Schleswig-­‐ -­‐ 6 of beaches, beach barriers and primary dunes, was Holstein 7 North investigated in order to provide more information on Sea the size of the population, mobility and home-range of beach animals. 2 Sites and methods The investigations were performed in Schleswig-Hol- Lower Saxony stein (northern Germany) on 9 beaches and cliffs r Hamburg at Lindhöft, Dänisch-Nienhof, Stohl, Hohenfelde, Mecklenburg -­‐ Vorpommer Stakendorf, Hubertsberg, Behrensdorf, Lippe and -­‐ Weißenhaus between 9.4.2009 and 20.8.2009 (Fig. n 1). The beaches can be grouped into accumulative be- Fig. 1: The study sites at the Baltic Sea coast: Lindhöft (1), Dänisch-Nienhof (2), Stohl (3), Hohenfelde, Stakendorf (4), Huberstberg (5), Behrendsdorf, Lippe aches such as lagoons, sandy beaches, shingle beaches (6), Weißenhaus (7). and primary dunes, and erosive beaches such as open cliffs and wooded cliffs. rove beetles (Staphylinidae) (Irmler 2011) and the Cliff coasts develop at erosion coasts (Schott impacts of environmental parameters and tourism 1956). They are exposed to high wave energy and on the arthropod fauna and vegetation on beaches typically develop fresh break-offs in the winter season, (Schierding et al. 2011). and have boulder and shingle beaches in front of the The present investigation describes the impact cliffs. The sedimentation coasts are exposed to lower of environmental parameters and tourism on ground wave energy than the cliff coasts and are characteri- beetles (Carabidae). The goal of this study was to in- sed by sedimentation of fine-grained sand. At these vestigate the impact of soil conditions on ground bee- coasts, lagoons that are partially or totally cut off from tles in regard to beaches and cliffs, since this impact the sea sometimes develop behind sand barriers. On has already been investigated in coastal dunes, coastal sedimentation coasts, different mixtures of shingle heaths and salt-marshes (Irmler & Gürlich 2004). and sand on the beach are affected by different wave This study therefore mainly analyses the relation energies. High dunes like those found in the eastern between soil and vegetation parameters and the oc- Baltic Sea do not develop at Schleswig-Holstein’s Tab. 1: Number of pitfall traps in the investigated habitats of the 9 beach sections in Schleswig-Holstein. Habitat (abbreviation) Lagoon Primary dune Sandy beach Shingle beach Open cliff Wooded cliff Site (abbreviation) (L) (PD) (SD) (KS) (Su) (Sw) Lindhöft (LH) . 6 . 4 Dänisch-Nienhof (DN) . 4 4 4 Stohl (ST) . 6 4 . Hohenfelde (HF) 4 4 8 . Stakendorf (SD) 4 4 6 . Hubertsberg (HB) . 6 4 . Behrensdorf (BD) 4 . 6 . Lippe (LI) . 4 4 . Weißenhaus (WH) . 4 6 8 4 4 24 Angewandte Carabidologie 10 (2013) ©Gesellschaft für Angewandte Carabidologie e.V. download www.laufkaefer.de Tab. 2: Mean values of the determined soil and vegetation parameters in the investigated habitats. Different exponents indicate a significant difference with p < 0,05 according to ANOVA. Wooded Open Lagoon Sandy beach Primary dune Shingle beach Art cliff cliff Soil moisture (%) b18 ± 3.0 c 8 ± 1.1 a31 ± 5.9 d1 ± 0.5 d1 ± 0.5 d1 ± 0.6 Wood Yes No No No No No Sand content (%) c 36 ± 6 b 46 ± 3 b 51 ± 16 a 89 ± 9 a 92 ± 9 c 22 ± 21 Shingle content (%) c 5 ± 2 c 8 ± 2 b 21 ± 20 c 8 ± 10 c 6 ± 8 a 77 ± 20 Soil pH b 7.4 ± 0.1 a 7.9 ± 0.2 b 7.5 ± 0.2 b 7.3 ± 0.2 c 7.2 ± 0.1 a 7.9 ± 0.3 Organic matter (%) a 6.6 ± 2.6 b 1.1 ± 0.1 a 5.6 ± 0.9 b 0.2 ± 0.2 b 1.4 ± 2.2 b 0.3 ± 0.1 coasts. The number of coastal sections was selected in marked individually by milling the elytra (Mühlen- order to provide at least three sites per habitat type. berg 1993). Ground beetles were recorded by pitfall traps filled The statistical analyses were performed using the with 10% vinegar and a tension-reducing fluid. The PAST programme (Hammer et al. 2001). Normal pitfall traps had an opening of 5.6 cm diameter and distributed data were analysed using the one-factorial were covered by a transparent shield to protect them ANOVA with subsequent post-hoc test (Turkeys from direct rainfall. A minimum of 4 pitfall traps per HSD-Test). Detrended Correspondence Analysis site were initially installed. However, because traps (DCA) was executed to ordinate carabid assemblages. were sometimes destroyed by tourists, the number was According to ter Braak (1987), a distinct ordination increased to 8 pitfall traps shortly after the beginning of assemblages can be expected at eigenvalues higher of the study so as to guarantee that at least 4 traps per than 0.5. To estimate the species richness of habitat ty- site remain intact. The total number of pitfall traps pes, the sample rarefaction method was employed.
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