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Inscripciones Líbicas De Canarias. Ensayo De Interpretación Líbica

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Inscripciones Líbicas De Canarias. Ensayo De Interpretación Líbica "S JUAN ÁLVAREZ DELGADO Catedrático de la Universidad de La Laguna INSCRIPCIONES LÍBICAS DE CANARIAS ENSAYO DE INTERPRETACIÓN LÍBICA UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA • TENERIFE 1964 4 INSCRIPCIONES LÍBICAS DE CANARIAS Este estudio ve la luz, pública gracias a una ayuda de Fomento a la Investigación del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Ley de 8 de julio de igó^ .''!?^<, ft \ ^^ A G*"^ JUAN ÁLVAREZ DELGADO Catedrático de la Universidad de La La^na BIBLIOTECA UNIV6R6ITARIA LAS PALMA» DE G. CANARIA N*DoMTnamo R3 ^ I 3> N°Co»M é2. 4 5 IT Co^lrvc^ílV^ INSCRIPCIONES LÍBICAS DE CANARIAS ENSAYO DE INTERPRETACIÓN LÍBICA LA LAGUNA • 1964 DEPÓSITO LEGAL: TF 391 1964 J. RÉGULO, EDITOR — IMPRENTA GUTENBERG — LA LAGUNA DE TENERIFE ADVERTENCIA Por móviles particulares, los fascículos o partes de esta obra irán apareciendo poco a poco y por separado. Por ello damos a continuación un prospecto general de sus distintas partes. Para facilitar las referencias de las obras fundamentales, más frecuentemente citadas, damos también al principio una lista de siglas fáciles. Este estudio va dotado de numeración marginal en negrita y correlativa, que facilite las citas, reenvíos y referencias del índice general que va con la última parte. PROSPECTO Parte I Introducción. Problemas. Métodos. Alfabetos. Parte II Inscripciones libio-púnicas. Parte III Inscripciones libio-latinas. Parte IV Inscripciones sólo líbicas antiguas. Parte V Inscripciones saharianas y dispersas. Parte VI; Inscripciones líbicas de Canarias. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Abrégé. P. CHARLES FOUCAULD: Dictionnaire Abrégé Touareg- Frangais de Noms Propres, París, Larose, 1940. Bamarani. FR. ESTEBAN IBÁÑEZ O. F. M.: Diccionario Español- Baamarani (Ifni), Madrid, C.S.I.C., 1954. Basset. ANDRÉ BASSET: La Langue Berbére, Oxford, 1952. Basset-Picard. ANDRÉ BASSET y ANDRÉ PICARO: Éléments de Grammaire Berbére (Kabyle-Irjen), Argel, Carbonel, 1948. Boulifa. Boulífa S. A.: Méthode de Langue Kabyle, Argel, Jour- dan, 1913. Chabot: Púnica. J. B. CHABOT: Púnica, Separata del «Journal Asiatique>, 1918. Chabot: RIL. Abate J. B. CHABOT: Recueil des Inscriptions Liby- ques, París, Imp. Nationale, 1940 (acabado en 1941), obra monumental sobre el tema con abundante información y bi­ bliografía. Chawia. G. HuYGHE: Dictionnaire Chaouia-Arabe-Kabyle et Frangais, Argel, Jourdan, 1907. Destaing. ED. DESTAING, Étude sur la tachelhit du Sous. Vocabu- laire Franfois-Berbére, París, Leroux, 1938. Février. J. G. FÉVRIER, Que savons nous du Libyque?, artículo inserto en «Revue Africaine», 1916, págs. 263-273. Fossey. CHARLES FOSSEY: Notices sur les Caracteres Étrangers anciens et modernes... par un groupe de savants et réunies par ..., Paris, 1948 (Imp. Nationale). Foucauld. P. CHARLES FOUCAULD: Dictionnaire Touareg-Frangais. Dialecte de l'Ahaggar, París, Imp. Nationale, 1951-1952. Re­ producción dirigida por A. Basset del manuscrito original de Foucauld en 4 volúmenes. Obra monumental e indispensable en más de 2.000 págfinas. Friedrich. JOHANNES FRIEDRICH: Phonizisch - Punische Gramma- tik, Roma, Inst. Bíblico Pontificio, 1951, N° 32 de Analecta Orientalia. Hanoteau. General A. HANOTEAU: Essai de Grammaire Kabyle, 2' ed., Argel, Jourdan, 1908. Harris. ZELLIG S. HARRIS, A Grammar of the Phoenician Lan- guage, New Haven, Conecticut, American Oriental Society, 1936 (Reproducción en 1952 por Edwards Bross., Michigan). Huyghe. G. HuYGHE (PP. Blancos): Dictionnaire Kabyle-Franfais, Paris, Jourdan, 1901. Julien. CH. ANDRÉ JULIEN: Historie de l'Afrique du Nord, Paris, Payot, 1931. Marcy: Bilingües. GEORGES MARCY: Les Inscriptions Bilingües de l'Afrique du Nord, Paris, Imp. Nationale, 1936, en «Cahiers de la Société Asiatique» Marcy: Libyques, G. MARCY: Quelques Inscriptions Libyques de Tunisie apud «Hespéris», 1938 (4° trimestre), págs. 289 a 365. Marcy: Epigraphie. GEORGES MARCY: L'Epigraphie Berbére (nu- midique et saharienne) apud «Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes Or¡entales>, II, 1936, págs. 128 a 164. Marcy: Tifinag. GEORGES MARCY: Introduction a un déchiffrement méthodique de Inscriptions *Tifinágh* du Sahara Central, apud «Hespéris», 1937, r-2'' trim., págs. 89 a 118. Marocain. EMILE LAOUST: Cours de Berbére Marocain (Maroc Central), Paris, Leroux, 1931. Rifeño A. FR. ESTEBAN IBÁÑEZ O.F.M., Diccionario Español- Rifeño, Madrid, 1944 (El otro volumen o Diccionario Rifeño- Español citárnoslo Rifeño B). Sizua. EMILE LAOUST: Sizua. Son Parler, I, Paris, Leroux, 1931. Tamacheq. General A. HANOTEAU: Essai de Grammaire de la Langue Tamachek, Argel, Jourdan, 1896, reproducción de la edición de 1859. Toponymie. ÉMILE LAOUST: Contribution a une étude de la To- ponymie du Haut Atlas, Separata de «Revue des Études Isla- miques>, Paris, Geuthner, 1942. 10 Tripolitania. J. M. REYNOLDS-J. B. WARD PERKINS: The Inscrip- tion of Román Tripolitania, Roma-Londres (1953?). Zenaga. FRANCIS NICOLAS: La Langue Berbére de Mauritanie, Dakar, Han, 1953. Además se citarán con frecuencia el C.l.L. {Corpus Inscriptio- num Latinarum), CIS y otras obras de siglas internacionales muy conocidas. Entre las publicaciones de Canarias se citan con fre­ cuencia: «Revista de Historia» (hoy «Revista de Historia Canaria») de la Universidad de La Laguna; el «Anuario de Estudios Atlánti- ticos» (de la Casa de Colón, Las Palmas y Madrid), y «El Museo Canario» de la sociedad de este nombre en Las Palma de Gran Canaria. 11 z H 70 O a c o n 5 © Del doajmento, los autores. Digitallzadán realizada por ULPGC. Biblioteca Universitaria, 2Ü06 CAPITULO 1 PRELIMINARES Titulo.—Presentación de los textos.—El término berber.— Las inscripciones líbicas de El Hierro y de Gran Canaria Titulo 1 No queremos prejuzgar con el conciso título Inscripciones líbicas de Canarias ni el origen y carácter, ni los autores y la época de tales inscripciones. Pretendemos ofrecer un CORPUS de las inscripciones halladas en las Islas Canarias y escritas en un alfabeto de aspecto líbico, ya sean antiguas o recientes, numídicas o tifinag, guanches o ber- beres, acompañándolas de indispensables comentarios. Mas parécenos preciso determinar el indigenismo guanche o la procedencia forastera de estas grabaciones. Y si las grabaciones de Canarias fueron obra de nuestros indígenas, habrá que definir la conexión con las demás inscripciones líbicas de África, en cuan­ to a valoración de signos, método de lectura y cronología de los textos. Y si fueron obra de forasteros arribados a estas islas, la cronología, lectura e interpretación de los textos canarios estará en estrecha dependencia del correspondiente tipo inscripcional africano. Por último, sólo podíamos considerar resueltas las incógnitas de las Inscripciones líbicas de Canarias, si teníamos en la mano los datos de las inscripciones análogas de África en todos los 15 tiempos. Pero todavía sub iudice dos particulares de éstas: la exacta valoración de algfunos síganos y su interdependencia, y la segura interpretación de textos numídicos, marroquíes y saharia- nos de diversas épocas, teníamos que proponerles alguna solución, que sirviera de base a nuestra explicación y estudio comparativo de las de Canarias. Y confíamos que los lectores no consideren singular osadía meter nuestras manos en esta tarea de las inscripciones líbicas, que ha ocupado, sin éxito al parecer, mentes singulares y plumas expertas de otros investigadores. Porque reclamaban este nuevo intento, de una parte, el CORPUS de Inscripciones Canarias, que tantos colegas nos han pedido que hiciéramos; y, por otra parte, sabemos que la ciencia progresa siempre a fuerza de tanteos, hasta que surge el afortunado descubrimiento definitivo. Presentación formal de loe textos 2 Consideramos necesario salir al paso de posibles sorpresas en los especialistas por la forma adoptada para transcribir los textos líbicos y púnicos en este libro. Adviértase que los textos púnicos vienen escritos con tipos alfabéticos no siempre uniformes, y muchas voces púnicas sólo nos son conocidas en transcripción latina. Por otra parte, acostumbran los punicistas transcribir en sus libros las voces púnicas y fenicias, no en su propio alfabeto (por su menor uso y dificultades de im­ presión), sino con letras hebreas. Esto es también una transcrip­ ción en otro alfabeto distinto, como el aquí empleado en letras latinas, que es más fácil y mejor conocido del lector moderno y de los cajistas de imprenta. Los alfabetos líbicos de nuestras inscripcionas en estudio corresponden a épocas diversas, y sabemos que algunos signos líbicos tienen valores distintos en ortograHa Ubica antigua y en 16 tifinag, y posiblemente ocurrirá otro tanto en las saharianas o en las canarias. Las referencias de los dialectos berberes, empleadas en la comparación líbica, vienen dadas en letras latinas en los libros usuales, salvo algunos textos tuaregs, que emplean trascripción tifinag. Para atender a la antes apuntada facilidad del lector moderno y de la imprenta, algunos libros extranjeros emplean hoy un método análogo al nuestro,^ y trascriben montones de palabras hebreas, por ejemplo, mediante signos latinos en bastardilla, según un alfa­ beto fonético establecido, omitiendo la ortografía semítica de las voces estudiadas. Tampoco usan los punicistas vocalizar las voces púnicas tras­ critas en hebreo, y así quedan esas palabras sin vocales e impro­ nunciables, deficiencia importante para los casos en que su lectura es cierta, y hasta para las que damos con vocal vacilante o pro­ blemática. Una última dificultad se mantiene siempre. Son pocos los lectores especializados que puedan manejar un libro de estudios púnicos en su propio alfabeto o con signos hebreos. Pero
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