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Report Upon Statistics of Grape Culture and Wine Production in the United

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Report Upon Statistics of Grape Culture and Wine Production in the United Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SPECIAL REPORT—No. 36. E E P R T STATISTICS OF GRAPE CULTURE WINE PRODUCTION IX THE UNITED STATES FOR 1 8 8 O. COLLECTED A:SD COilPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Hon. WM. G. Le DUG, Co3I3Iissioner of Agricultuee, BY WM. McMURTRIE, Ph. D. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1881. :: LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Hon. Wm. G. Le Due, Commissioner of Agriculture: Sir : I have the honor to submit the following results of an inquiry instituted for the purpose of determining the surface planted in vines, and the quantity and value of the production of wine in the United States The want of knowledge of this subject, as shown in the frequent de- mands made upon the department, the increasing interest being manifested in commercial circles in the product of our cellars ; an interest due partly to the improved character of the American wines, and doubtless also largely due to the stringency in foreign wine markets dei)endent upon the decline of the i)roduction of the European vineyards, particularly those of France, seemed to render it advisable to collect and publish the statistics given below in advance of the more extended report on grape culture and wine making in course of preparation, and to be issued atan early day. The results are of value as showing the dimensions the wine industry of the country has attained, the consequent importance of giving greater encouragement to this branch of agricultural economy, the location of the production, and local values of the product. They show that con sumers in any part of the United States are conveniently near to centers of production, and that little necessity prevails for looking to foreign cellars for supplies of ordinary t^hle wines at least. Of course we can- not hope, in our comparatively young vineyards, and with our, as jet, comparatively untried varieties, to produce wines that wiil be received with the same favor as those of the better vineyards of the Old World, but we are constantly improving, and it is certain that in the table wines of low alcoholic strength we are now surer of obtaining from our own vineyards i^roducts more free from adulteration, and consequently more healthj' in general than the wines ordinarily imported in casks, and we may hope in the very near future to render much of the present impor- tations uniiecessary and even undesirable. There is, it is true, much to be done in the improvement of the culture of the vineyards, and many reforms to be made in the cellars of pro- ducers, yet even now good sound wines are not hard to find, and dealers and consumers will do well to study these sources of supply. The im- portance of this is shown in the following figures representing the im- portations of foreign wines to the United States during 1879 and 1880 lu casks. In bottles. Total. Years. | Gallons. ! Value. Dozens. Value. Value. 1879 i $4, 880, 318 4, 2.54, 248 | $2, 213, 139 345,066 $2,667,179 1880 I 5, 4, 031, 445 1 2, 470, 423 429, 029 3, 465, 668 936, 091 : : : : 4 GKAPE CT LTURE AND WIXE PRODUCTION. This represents a total of about 5,000.000 gallons for each year, the ^liole quautity being slightly less in 1880 than in 1879, while on the other hand, the total cost in 1880 was over 25 per cent, greater than in 1879. In collecting the information embodied in the results given below, it was our aim first to secure estimates from those directly engaged in grape culture and wine making, or practically interested in the advance- ment of the industry, then from the regular correspondents of the de- partment, and finally from the postmasters of the county towns. The following general circular was prepared and distributed: DepaPvTmext of Agriculture, JVashington, D. C. Xovemher '2b, 1S::0. Sir : This departmeut is desirous of securing reliable iuformatiou coucerniug the production of grapes and wine throughout the country, and for tliis purpose respect- fully recj^uests that you -will do us the favor to make a careful estimate for your county of the number of acres planted in vines, the average \reight of grapes produced per acre, the proportion used in wine making, the average yield of wine per acre, and the average price of wine -pev gallon. Please enter your estima'tes opposite the appropriate heads in the blank table given on the other side of this sheet and forward same to this department as soon as iiossible. Yerv respectfullv, AVM. G. Le DUC. ISame of writer; Coinmissiontr of Agricidiure. Post-ofdce County State : Number of acres planted in vines: Average weight of grapes ijroduced per acre : Proportion of the grape crop used in wine making, per cent. Average yield of wine per acre, gallons : Average value of wine per gallon : REMARKS. Please enter here any information you think Avill prove valuable in this connection. Copies of this were sent to all ; but to those who had furnished re- plies to a former circular, and are directly engaged in grape culture, the following wa§ sent at the same time Department of Agriculture, Waslui\(jto)u D. C, Xovemder, 2o, 1880. Sir : Your reply to our circular of questions relative to grapes and wine was duly received and greatly apx^reciated. In the replies to that circular, the blank table of statistics it contained Avas in but few cases tilled up. It is of importance to the grape, and wine interest in this country that the quantity and location of the production for the year 1880 should be generally known. I therefore send you the inclosed circular in the hope that you may be induced to make the estimates and return therein re- quested. You will doubtless be able to secure the information necessary for making these estimates by consulting with your neighbors and those interested or engaged in grape-growing or wine-making throughout your county. If you do not feel that you are able to make the estimate, please hand the circular to some gentleman of your acquaintance who will do it. Very respectfully. WM. G. Le DUC. Commisffioier of Agriculture. To the postmasters the following was inclosed: Department of Agriculture, JVashhigiou, 1). C, yovemher 2b, 1880. To Postmasters : Gentlemen: I have the honor to request that you will either secure and return to this department at your early convenience the estimate asked for in the inclosed cir- cular, or that you will hand the circular to some gentleman of your acquaintance whom vou consider will be al>le and willino-^ to do so. Very respectfully, WM. G. Le DUC, Commissioner of Agriculture. : GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE PRODUCTION. Of the general circular about 15,000 copies were distributed, and we regret to say that not more than one-half of them were returned. This apparent lack of interest in the subject is to be ascribed partly to the difficulty of making' reliable estimates, but in the large proportion of cases it is doubtless due to indifference in the subject. Still, a sufficient number of estimates were obtained to give fair returns for the different States. We have constructed the following detailed tables for the sev- eral States, giving all of the general estimates returned. Many of the reports had to be discarded because they referred to single vineyards or to limited localities rather than to the entire counties, and, therefore, were of little or no value in the work. It is even possible that some of these figures were entered in the tables, no indication with regard to them being given in the returns, but constant endeavor was made to exclude them. ' However, they will serve to moderate the possibly gen- erous or even extravagant estimates of others, and thus bring the result to more nearly the correct figure; for, since the estimates are not made by actual count or thorough canvass, absolute accuracy cannot be claimed for them. Some counties in which considerable quantities of wine are made may even be omitted from the tables from want of returns; so that taking everything into consideration our results may be accepted as under rather than over the actual i:)roduction. The following de- tailed table for States and counties will enable each reader to make his own estimation of the total crop for each State TahJe shoicing the iotal average yield and value of wine produced in the several States. Area in States. 1 Prod-action. Value. Tines. Acres. Gallons. ALibfima . ....... 1,111 422, 672 $399, 705 00 893 72, 750 112, 401 87 32, 368 13,557, 155 4 046 865 80 Connecticut 64 5,536 6 076 75 D(4;iwaie 125 4, 050 4 050 00 Florida 83 11, 180 15. 415 00 Geonda 2,991 903, 244 1 335 ^>l 62 3. 810 1, 047, 875 809, 547 20 3, 851 99. 566 91 719 40 Xowa 1,470 334, 970 346 398 60 3, 542 226, 249 190,330 75 1,850 81, 170 80, 908 75 Maine 71 1,500 9 g5o 00 Manlaud 699 21,405 19, 1.51 00 90- Ma.ssachu.'^etts 6,338 10, 050 50 2,266 62, 831 7.5,617 30 Minnesota 63 2.831 2, 446 00 Mississippi 432 209, 845 310, 532 75 7,376 1,824,207 1,320,0.50 40 jS^ebraska 280 5, 767 8, 982 00 1,967 215, 122 223, 866 70 Itfew Mexico 3,150 908, 500 980,250 00 New York 12, 646 584, 148 387, 308 83 North Carolina 2,639 334, 701 268, 819 25 Ohio 9,973 1, 632, 073 1, 627, 926 88 Oregon .
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