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Ocean Challenge Aims to Keep Its Readers up to Date Formerly Open University with What Is Happening in Oceanography in the UK and the Rest of Europe

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Volume 24, No.2, 2018 (published 2020) EDITOR SCOPE AND AIMS Angela Colling Ocean Challenge aims to keep its readers up to date formerly Open University with what is happening in oceanography in the UK and the rest of Europe. By covering the whole range of marine-related sciences in an accessible style it EDITORIAL BOARD should be valuable both to specialist oceanographers Chair who wish to broaden their knowledge of marine Stephen Dye sciences, and to informed lay persons who are Cefas and University of East Anglia concerned about the oceanic environment. Barbara Berx NB Ocean Challenge can be downloaded from the Marine Scotland Science Challenger Society website free of charge, but members can opt to receive printed copies. Emma Cavan Imperial College London For more information about the Society, or Philip Goodwin for queries concerning individual or library National Oceanography Centre, Southampton subscriptions to Ocean Challenge, please see the Laura Grange Challenger Society website (www.challenger- University of Bangor society.org.uk) Katrien Van Landeghem University of Bangor INDUSTRIAL CORPORATE MEMBERSHIP For information about corporate membership, please contact Terry Sloane [email protected] The views expressed in Ocean Challenge are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those ADVERTISING of the Challenger Society or the Editor. For information about advertising, please contact the Editor (see inside back cover). AVAILABILITY OF BACK ISSUES OF OCEAN CHALLENGE For information about back issues, please contact the Editor (see inside back cover). DATA PROTECTION ACT, 1984 (UK) © Challenger Society for Marine Science, 2020 Under the terms of this Act, you are informed that this magazine is sent to you through the use of a ISSN 0959-0161 Printed by Halstan Printing Group computer-based mailing list. The Magazine of the Challenger Society for Marine Science SOME INFORMATION ABOUT COUNCIL FOR THE CHALLENGER SOCIETY THE CHALLENGER SOCIETY President The Society’s objectives are: Rosalind Rickaby Oxford University To advance the study of marine science through research and education Past President Rob Upstill-Goddard To encourage two-way collaboration between Newcastle University the marine science research base and industry/ commerce Honorary Secretary Mattias Green To disseminate knowledge of marine science with Bangor University a view to encouraging a wider interest in the Honorary Treasurer study of the seas and an awareness of the need Edward Mawji for their proper management National Oceanography Centre, Southampton To contribute to public debate and government policy on the development of marine science Stephanie Allen John Bacon The Society aims to achieve these objectives Chelsey Baker through a range of activities: Lidia Carracedo Holding regular scientific meetings covering all Rob Hall aspects of marine science Rachel Mills Setting up specialist groups in different disci- Terry Sloane plines to provide a forum for discussion Katie St John Glew Publishing news of the activities of the Society and Alessandro Tagliabue of the world of marine science David Thomas Membership provides the following benefits: Sophie Wilmes An opportunity to attend, at reduced rates, the Judith Wolf biennial UK Marine Science Conference and a range of other scientific meetings supported by Editor, Challenger Wave the Society (funding support may be available) John Allen Receipt of our electronic newsletter Challenger Wave which carries topical marine science news, For information about Council members and information about jobs, conferences, meet- see the Challenger Society website ings, courses and seminars ADVICE TO AUTHORS The Challenger Society website is Articles for Ocean Challenge can be on any aspect of www.challenger-society.org.uk oceanography. They should be written in an accessible style with a minimum of jargon and avoiding the use of references. MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTIONS For further information (including our ‘Information for Authors’) please contact the Editor: The annual subscription is £40 (£20.00 for Angela Colling, Aurora Lodge, The Level, Dittisham, students in the UK only). If you would like to join Dartmouth, Devon, TQ6 0ES, UK. the Society or obtain further information, see the website (given above). Tel. +44-(0)1803-722513 [email protected] ° ° ° ° ° ° 0° ° ° ° 60° CONTENTS Message from the Editor 2 The Ocean Modelling Special Interest Group Dave Munday 3 48°N Gaining experience through CLASS Discoveries on Discovery: Joining the PAP-SO benthic science team Clara Douglas Using a CLASS Fellowship40°N to make measurements of the surface carbonate system Hannelore Theetaert 4 Five stepped forward John Phillips 7 Covid-19 and climate change: What energy-use changes during ‘Lockdown’ might tell us Editor 8 60° 40° 20°W Predicting the severity of the 2020 iceberg season off Newfoundland Jennifer Ross and Grant Bigg 10 An interview with an adventurous polar scientist Laura Grange interviews ice-core expert Liz Thomas 12 A tour of RRS Sir David Attenborough Mike Gloistein 14 Trends in marine science publishing: Changes in publication rates and collaborative publishing over the past 80 years Neil Mitchell 16 Equity at sea: Gender and inclusivity in UK sea-going science Katharine R. Hendry, Amber Annett, Rehemat Bhatia, Gillian M. Damerell, Sophie Fielding, Yvonne L. Firing, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Sue Hartman, Sian F. Henley, Karen J. Heywood, Penny Holliday, Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Rachel A. Mills, Berit Rabe, Carol Robinson, Alejandra Sanchez-Franks, Denise Smythe-Wright, Michelle L. Taylor and Margaret Yelland 19 Particle size matters! To really understand the ocean’s iron cycle, biogeochemists need to do more filtering Koko Kunde 31 Most of the maps and diagrams were drawn by A ‘cranky little vessel’: The story of HM steam The ArtWorks. vessel Lightning. Part 6: A digression into The cover and heading Portuguese politics and geology Tony Rice 38 graphics were designed by Ann Aldred. Book Reviews 42 Cover photo: Matt Gubbins, Marine Scotland Science. © Crown Copyright. Ocean Challenge, Vol. 24, No.1 (publ. 2020) Message from the Editor Welcome to Ocean Challenge! I’d like to begin by thanking all the contributors for helping get this issue together, despite the difcult circumstances over past months, and I look forward to receiving articles from the unfortunate authors who were locked out of their ofces for months on end, were grappling with teaching online, or simply found themselves stuck in the wrong place. Women in marine science feature prominently in this issue. An article by Katharine Hendry and co-authors considers successes in improved gender equality in sea-going science, and asks whether initiatives similar to those which have helped women can be used to improve diversity at sea in general. We have an interview with Liz Thomas who leads the British Antarctic Survey’s ice-core group, and a piece celebrating the fve women who, 50 years ago, lived in, and undertook research from, an underwater ‘habitat’ of the US Virgin Islands. Also in this issue, Koko Kunde explores why colloidal iron plays such a signifcant role in ocean biogeochemistry. This article is based on Koko’s prize-winning talk at the last meeting of Challenger’s AMBIO (Advances in Marine Biogeochemistry) Special interest Group (SIG). Joining a SIG is a great way to expand your knowledge of your discipline and make new contacts. Information about the other Challenger SIGs can be found on the Society’s website; if you would like to know more about ocean modelling, see the next page! Challenger Society Conference 2020 is happening on 6–10 September 2021 hosted by the Scottish Association for Marine Science See http://www.challenger2021.co.uk The new RRS Sir David Attenborough departing Cammell Laird See pp.14–15 shipyard for photos of (Photo: Michael the inside of Glostein) the vessel. 2 Ocean Challenge, Vol. 24, No.1 (publ. 2020) The Ocean Modelling Special Interest Group Dave Munday It would be difcult to overestimate the strive to make these meetings open, friendly contributions of the late Peter Killworth to and inclusive. Personally, it has become the theoretical oceanography and numerical highlight of the conference season and my modelling of the ocean. As well as writing favourite way to meet new and old friends. over 120 oceanography papers, Peter also The quality of our student speakers is now so wrote over 50 papers on social network high that the prize for best student talk is hotly research and some of the frst commer- contested, with many worthy winners being cial computer games. As the person in pipped at the post. charge of developing one of the UK’s frst The annual meetings are movable feasts ocean models (FRAM, the Fine Resolu- without a fxed date or venue. In years that tion Antarctic Model), he made important the Challenger Society holds its conference advances in modelling and understanding we hold a one-day meeting on the Friday. the Southern Ocean. Peter also played a In other years we split the meeting across signifcant role in the founding of the Chal- two days, to allow time to travel to/from the lenger Society’s Special Interest Group for venue, and squeeze in that oh-so-important Ocean Modelling. conference dinner. In these years the location Commonly known as OMG – which at is chosen by whoever volunteers to organise times has made for some panicked sound- Peter Killworth (Photo: Tony Barnes) it, although we do try to visit locations that ing email subjects – the SIG tries, in some the Challenger Conference itself doesn’t small way, to live up to Peter’s enthusiasm The SIG’s annual meeting reach. If you’re interested in helping organise for science and his support of students At OMG’s annual science meeting, this and host a future OMG meeting please get and early-career researchers. In its pres- philosophy leads to a fascinating mix of in touch (see below). Previous venues have ent incarnation, the Ocean Modelling SIG presentations on topics as diverse as eddy included the University of Reading, Imperial exists to connect UK ocean modellers of parameterisation, global ocean biogeochem- College, and the University of Edinburgh.
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