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Download the Scanned PROCEEDINGS OF ANNLTAL MEETING ztJ PRESENTATION OF PAPBRS PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS METEODS AND INSTRUMENTS USED IN MINERALOGY I'RED. E. WRIGHT OF A SINGLE THE LEAD-URANIUM-TIIORIUM RATIOS OF VARIOUS ZONES CRYSTAL OF URANINITE F'ROM SPRUCE PINE, NORTII CAROLINA CIIESTER M. A]-TER AND EARL S. MCCOLI,EV be calculated. The following table gives a summary of analytical data: Pb o7% %7o Approx. Aqe zone u.ia1il.ol. Pb UTh u=-+oJ6Th(miitionyean) 358 Outside 2.06 3.19 67.65 0.03 0.0471 1.78 3.40 69.92 .r4 .0486 369 I\fiddle 382 Core 1.52 3.50 69.65 .04 .0503 reported by The results show fair agreement with analyses of spruce Pine uraninite content of the Hillebrand and by Boltwooi -uny years ago. The variation in the thorium in the wilberforce middle zone and the core is of the same type as that already noted crystals, although the thorium content here is much smaller' THE SYSTEM CaO-SiOrP,Oo RICIIARD ]-. BARRETT AND WILLIAM J. MCCAUGHEY in the litera- The system contains in addition to the binary phases previously described have been previously ture, two ternary phases, nagelschmidtite and silicocarnotite which 214 PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING known as constituents of certain slags. The equilibrium diagram presents some features of special interest. The field of cristobalite is very large. Therels an extensive region of liquid immiscibility in which two liquids in equilibrium with cristobalite are fornred. Very ex- tensive solid solution prevails in the four phases, calcium orthosilicate, nagelschmidtite, silicocarnotite, and tricalcium phosphate, which form a binary system with the first and last named as end members. calcium orthosilicate may contain up to 10/6 p2o5 in sorid solution, and nagelschmidtite, the formula for which may be expressed CazSizpzOre,can have a P:os content varying between 12/6 and 24/s. The solid soiution seems to be of the substitution sort s'ith POr ErouPs replacing SiOr groups. In both phases refractive indices decreaseas PzOscontent increases. NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE EDWIN CLAY, IONE, CALIFORNIA TIIOMAS}" BATES The Edwin clay occurs near rone, california, thirty miles southeast of sacramento. rt is a residual clay of commercial importance found in but two places near rone. on the east it is separated from the Mariposa formation, which forms the Sierra Nevada foothills, by a linear, northwest-southeast trending trough containing the anauxite-bearing sedi- mentary clays and sands of the rone formation of Eocene age. west of the Edwin clay and forming the western limit of the trough is a prominent outlying ridge of greenstone of the Mariposa formation. rt is separated from the clay by a narrow belt of red laterite. The Edwin clay is a highry refractory kaorin clay used for the manufacture of tre brick' rt varies from white to various shades of pink, blue, or gray; and is crumbly, brittle, or plastic. Heretofore, it has been regarded as one of the sedimentary clays of the rone formation. However, recent freld work, microscopic study, and evidence iecuied from firing tests show that the Bdwin clay has been derived directly from the laterite. Transitions-observed in the field, similar textures, and other evidence suggest that the laterite is intimately con- nected with the greenstone. THE STRUCTURE OF METITYLENECYCLOBUTANE AND IIEXAMETHYLETHANE I,. E. BAUERAND J. Y. BEACII we undertook this electron difiraction study with the view of verifying the presence of 90"C -bond angles in methylenecyclobutane, and establishing the relative oiientation of the groups methyl in hexamethylethane. our results may be summarized as follows: Methylenecyclobutane:-the carbon atoms are copranar,four of them situated at the corners of a_square (1.56+.03 A on side), the fifth on an extension of one of the diagonals (1.34+.02 A from the carbon atom in the ring). Although some investigators expressed doubt as to the possible synthesis of spiropen- tane, stating that such attempts generalry lead to methylenecyclobutane, it is clear from a comparison of our curves with the data of Rogowski (who claims he oltained electron di{Iraction photographs of the spiro compound), that he did not have methylenecyclobu- tane, and that very likely he did have spiropentane. However, due to the incompiete de- scription of his photographs, it is not possible to state defnitely that he did not have either vinylcyclopropane or 2-methylcyclobutane (1). Hexamethylethane:-the radirl distributioh curve shows two sharp peaks. one ar 1.53- (asexpected for c-c), and anotherat 2.55A ir-rg* _c.4 Go-"*nut irrr" l"o.""a tot suggesting that the central c-c bond distance is somewhat d-))' stretched. Due to the possibility of hindered rotation about this bond, we rnade careful intensity calcula- tions, using (z-f) and temperature factors, and the approximate formuras developed bv PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING 215 valenceangles 110o*2o; C-H:1.09 A (assumed). more The approximations made in the above calculations will be enumerated and a accurate graphical method will be presented for discussion' EVALUATION CRITERIA IIARRY BERMAN various Significant phases of the papers on diamond will be briefly summarized. The dia- factors that may lead to the foimulation of criteria for the evaluation of industrial monds wiII be discussed. Problems involving further study and research will be suggested. ANALYSIS AND AGE OF MONAZITE FROM DEER PARK NO. 5 MINE' SPRUCE PINE, NORTH CAROLINA ALIEN D. BI,ISS been The above-named sample of monazite collected by Professor Adolph Knopf has 4'81 analyzed,for uranium, thoiium, and lead by Fenner's procedure, giving for thorium (if 0.01/s. and 4.86/s;lead, 0. 131 and 0.l34/6;and a very small amount of uranium any), years. Calculation of the age by the use of the logarithmic formula gives 600 million DrsrRIBUrIoNoF MlNoRHcHDrvrrc+".?irtY:u? DIKERocKs JilnTo**" JOSEPIIM. BRAY determining the rninor chemical Qualitative and quantitative spectrographic analyses constitu- constituents in a number of Colorado Front Range Tertiary dike rocks and their were ent minerals revealed a number of interesting relationships. The rocks analyzed igneous rocks anywhere. X-RAY EXAMINATION OF CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF ANIIYDROUS SODII'M STEARATE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AIEXANDDRDE BRETTEVII,IE' JR. is There are three known polymorphic forms of sodium stearate' If sodium stearate can be prepared from stearic acid, it exhibits the monoclinic B form' The rhombic form alcohol and obtained from the B form Ly slow crystallization from a l/a solution in 95lp 216 PROCEEDINGS OF ANNAAL MEETING air drying. The monoclinic A form is produced by heating the rhombic form above Siloc. and cooling. The processes are represented diagrammatically: Stearic Acid-+Na Stearate+Na Stearate-+Na Stearate Eastmanf402 Mon. B Rhombic Mon. A A sample of thallous palmitate representing yet another monoclinic form, to which we will refer as rnonoclinic c, was given to us by Dr. A. s. c. Lawrence of cambridge, England. A sample of rhombic soap was also given to the author by J. Stauff of Berlin and found to be identical with the Eastman above and with J. staufi and p. Thiessen's results.r rhe monoclinic A form does not agree with the results of Stauff and Thiessen and a difierelt equation for the indices is given. The tilt of the chain is 62 9" lor the A form. The monoclinic B form is the most stable and is shown to be due to a shortening of the c axisby 2.4 A due to a rearrangement of the dipole cooNa group. There is a shift of alter- nate molecules of 180o around the c axis. The tilt of the carbon chain for the monoclinic B form is assumed the same as the monoclinic A form, namely 62.9o. This is supported by two other indirect experimental measurements. I Zeit. Ph),sih.Chemie (A),p.397,176 (1936). THE UNIT CELL AND SPACE GROUP OF CLAUDETTTE, As,O, M. J. BUERGDR The unit cell and space group of the Jerome, Arizona, claudetite has been determined. The diffraction record consists of one rotation photograph and the zero, first, and second level photographs taken by the method of de Jong and Bouman. The diffraction symmetry is clearly 2/m.The lattice is simple monoclinic and the reduced cell has the dirnensions: Absolute Ratio a: 5.25A .408 b:12.87 t. c: 4.54 . JJJ This cell contains approximately 4Asgo:. The difiraction syrnbol is 2/mp2t/n, which uniquely fixes the space group as P21/n (Czrb). STRUCTIIRAL RELATIONS BETWEEN HIGH- AND LOW-CIIAI,COCITE M. J. BUERGERAND NEWTONW. BUERGER rt has been recently shownl that what has passed for high-chalcocite is really digenite, CugSs.In order to investigate the character of the true high-chalcocite, a delicate furnace was designed to maintain single crystals at a definite elevated temperature on a weissen- berg apparatus.'9 With the aid of this, the structural characteristics of the Bristol chalcocite were investigated at 112"C. by the equi-inclination Weissenberg techrique The diffraction symmetry of true high-chalcocite is 6fmmm It is based upon a hexagonal lattice described by the following cell: o:3.89A c:6.68 c/a:1 .717 This cell contains 2cuzs. The diffraction symbol is 6/mmmc - / - - c. This embraces space groups c62c, COmc, and c6/mme -ltislikely that the last is the correct one. This symmetry, the cell constants, and the thermal evidencel for the disorder transformation from low- to l Buerger, Newton W., The chalcocite problem: Ec. Geol.,36, 19-44 (1941). 2 See abstract by Newton W. Buerger, Weissenbergcontrolled-temperiture iechnique. PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL MEETING 217 high-chalcocite suggest a structure composed of sulfur atoms in hexagonal close-packing, within whose interstitial channels copper atoms are flowing.
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