New Mineral Names*,†
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Paralaurionite Pbcl(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Paralaurionite PbCl(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals are thin to thick tabular k{100}, or elongated along [001], to 3 cm; {100} is usually dominant, but may show many other forms. Twinning: Almost all crystals are twinned by contact on {100}. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {001}, perfect. Tenacity: Flexible, due to twin gliding, but not elastic. Hardness = Soft. D(meas.) = 6.05–6.15 D(calc.) = 6.28 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Colorless, white, pale greenish, yellowish, yellow-orange, rarely violet; colorless in transmitted light. Luster: Subadamantine. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: Noted in violet material. Orientation: Y = b; Z ∧ c =25◦. Dispersion: r< v,strong. Absorption: Y > X = Z. α = 2.05(1) β = 2.15(1) γ = 2.20(1) 2V(meas.) = Medium to large. Cell Data: Space Group: C2/m. a = 10.865(4) b = 4.006(2) c = 7.233(3) β = 117.24(4)◦ Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Laurium, Greece. 5.14 (10), 3.21 (10), 2.51 (9), 2.98 (7), 3.49 (6), 2.44 (6), 2.01 (6) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) Pb 78.1 77.75 79.80 O [3.6] 6.00 3.08 Cl 14.9 12.84 13.65 H2O 3.4 3.51 3.47 insol. 0.09 Total [100.0] 100.19 100.00 (1) Laurium, Greece. (2) Tiger, Arizona, USA. (3) PbCl(OH). Polymorphism & Series: Dimorphous with laurionite. Occurrence: A secondary mineral formed through alteration of lead-bearing slag by sea water or in hydrothermal polymetallic mineral deposits. -
Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns
NBS MONOGRAPH 25 — SECTION 1 Standard X-ray Diffraction U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Functions and Activities The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scien- tific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover. Publications The results of the Bureau's research are published either in the Bureau's own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Chromite Crystal Structure and Chemistry Applied As an Exploration Tool
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository February 2015 Chromite Crystal Structure and Chemistry applied as an Exploration Tool Patrick H.M. Shepherd The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Roberta L. Flemming The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Geology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © Patrick H.M. Shepherd 2015 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Shepherd, Patrick H.M., "Chromite Crystal Structure and Chemistry applied as an Exploration Tool" (2015). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 2685. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2685 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Western University Scholarship@Western University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository Chromite Crystal Structure and Chemistry Applied as an Exploration Tool Patrick H.M. Shepherd Supervisor Roberta Flemming The University of Western Ontario Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Geology Commons This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Western Ontario - Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chromite Crystal Structure and Chemistry Applied as an Exploration Tool (Thesis format: Integrated Article) by Patrick H.M. -
Mirabilite Na2so4 • 10H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Mirabilite Na2SO4 • 10H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals short to long prismatic, with complex form development, also crude, to 10 cm, in interlocking masses; crystalline, granular to compact massive, commonly as efflorescences. Twinning: Rare on {001} or {100}. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {100}, perfect; on {010} and {001}, good to fair. Fracture: Conchoidal. Hardness = 1.5–2.5 D(meas.) = 1.464 D(calc.) = 1.467 Quickly dehydrates to th´enarditein dry air; very soluble in H2O, taste cool, then saline and bitter. Optical Properties: Transparent to opaque. Color: Colorless to white; colorless in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: X = b; Z ∧ c =31◦. Dispersion: r< v,strong, crossed. α = 1.391–1.394 β = 1.394–1.396 γ = 1.396–1.398 2V(meas.) = 75◦560 Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/c (synthetic). a = 11.512(3) b = 10.370(3) c = 12.847(2) β = 107.789(10)◦ Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. (ICDD 11-647). 5.49 (100), 3.21 (75), 3.26 (60), 3.11 (60), 4.77 (45), 3.83 (40), 2.516 (35) Chemistry: (1) (2) SO3 25.16 24.85 Na2O 18.67 19.24 H2O 55.28 55.91 Total 99.11 100.00 • (1) Kirkby Thore, Westmoreland, England. (2) Na2SO4 10H2O. Occurrence: Typically in salt pans, playas, and saline lakes, where deposition may be seasonal, and bedded deposits formed therefrom; rarely in caves and lava tubes; in volcanic fumaroles; a product of hydrothermal sericitic alteration; a post-mining precipitate. -
Phillipsite and Al-Tobermorite Mineral Cements Produced Through Low-Temperature Water-Rock Reactions in Roman Marine Concrete Sean R
Western Washington University Western CEDAR Geology Faculty Publications Geology 2017 Phillipsite and Al-tobermorite Mineral Cements Produced through Low-Temperature Water-Rock Reactions in Roman Marine Concrete Sean R. Mulcahy Western Washington University, [email protected] Marie D. Jackson University of Utah, Salt Lake City Heng Chen Southeast University, Nanjing Yao Li Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Piergiulio Cappelletti Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/geology_facpubs Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Mulcahy, Sean R.; Jackson, Marie D.; Chen, Heng; Li, Yao; Cappelletti, Piergiulio; and Wenk, Hans-Rudolf, "Phillipsite and Al- tobermorite Mineral Cements Produced through Low-Temperature Water-Rock Reactions in Roman Marine Concrete" (2017). Geology Faculty Publications. 67. https://cedar.wwu.edu/geology_facpubs/67 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Geology at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Sean R. Mulcahy, Marie D. Jackson, Heng Chen, Yao Li, Piergiulio Cappelletti, and Hans-Rudolf Wenk This article is available at Western CEDAR: https://cedar.wwu.edu/geology_facpubs/67 American Mineralogist, Volume 102, pages 1435–1450, 2017 Phillipsite and Al-tobermorite mineral cements produced through low-temperature k water-rock reactions in Roman marine concrete MARIE D. JACKSON1,*, SEAN R. MULCAHY2, HENG CHEN3, YAO LI4, QINFEI LI5, PIERGIULIO CAppELLETTI6, 7 AND HANS-RUDOLF WENK 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. -
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis. -
Salt Crystallization in Porous Construction Materials I Estimation of Crystallization Pressure
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by EPrints Complutense Salt crystallization in porous construction materials I Estimation of crystallization pressure A. La Iglesiaa,*, V. Gonzalezb, V. L6pez-Acevedoc, C. Viedmac , Inslituto de Geologia Economica del CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias Ge% gicas, UCM, E·280411 Madrid. Spain b Deparlamento de Quimica, ETSI, Agronomos, UPM, E·28IJ40 Madrid, Spain , Deparlamenlo de Cristalografia y Mineralogia, Facultad de Ciencias Ge% gicas, UCM. E·28040 Madrid, Spain Abstract The crystallization process of soluble salts inside the natural and artificial porous materials partially immersed in different saline solutions has been studied, This procedure is used to simulate the conditions of exposure to salt weathering in which foundations and lower walls of building structures are within the zone of capillary rise of saline ground water. Crystallization pressures that can develop in the samples, which are a function of the pore size and salt-solution interfacial tension, have been calculated and are compared with experimental values of the materials tensile strength. since both these parameters allow the prediction of porous materials behaviour against salt weathering. Keywords: Salt weathering; Porous media; Salt crystallization; Crystallization pressure 1. Introduction The problem of crystallization pressure of salt was first studied by Correns [6J, who presented The crystallization process of soluble salts in a workable equation based on the Riecke principle porous materials can generate pressures inside the from which the pressure generated P versus salt pores sufficient to exceed the elastic limit of the supersaturation may be calculated: material, causing its breakage. -
Atomistic Modeling of Crystal Structure of Ca1.67Sihx
Cement and Concrete Research 67 (2015) 197–203 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cement and Concrete Research journal homepage: http://ees.elsevier.com/CEMCON/default.asp Atomistic modeling of crystal structure of Ca1.67SiHx Goran Kovačević a, Björn Persson a, Luc Nicoleau b, André Nonat c, Valera Veryazov a,⁎ a Theoretical Chemistry, P.O.B. 124, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden b BASF Construction Solutions GmbH, Advanced Materials & Systems Research, Albert Frank Straße 32, 83304 Trostberg, Germany c Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France article info abstract Article history: The atomic structure of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C1.67-S-Hx) has been investigated by theoretical methods in Received 13 February 2014 order to establish a better insight into its structure. Three models for C-S-H all derived from tobermorite are pro- Accepted 12 September 2014 posed and a large number of structures were created within each model by making a random distribution of silica Available online xxxx oligomers of different size within each structure. These structures were subjected to structural relaxation by ge- ometry optimization and molecular dynamics steps. That resulted in a set of energies within each model. Despite Keywords: an energy distribution between individual structures within each model, significant energy differences are Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) (B) Crystal Structure (B) observed between the three models. The C-S-H model related to the lowest energy is considered as the most Atomistic simulation probable. It turns out to be characterized by the distribution of dimeric and pentameric silicates and the absence of monomers. -
New Mineral Names*,†
American Mineralogist, Volume 100, pages 1649–1654, 2015 New Mineral Names*,† DMITRIY I. BELAKOVSKIY1 AND OLIVIER C. GAGNE2 1Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18 korp. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada IN THIS ISSUE This New Mineral Names has entries for 10 new minerals, including debattistiite, evdokimovite, ferdowsiite, karpovite, kolskyite, markhininite, protochabournéite, raberite, shulamitite, and vendidaite. DEBATTISTIITE* for 795 unique I > 2σ(I) reflections] corner-sharing As(S,Te)3 A. Guastoni, L. Bindi, and F. Nestola (2012) Debattistiite, pyramids form three-membered distorted rings linked by Ag atoms in triangular or distorted tetrahedral coordination. Certain Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2, a new Te-bearing sulfosalt from Len- genbach quarry, Binn valley, Switzerland: description and features of that linkage are similar to those in the structures of crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 76(3), 743–750. trechmannite and minerals of pearceite–polybasite group. Of the seven anion positions, one is almost fully occupied by Te (Te0.93S0.07). The Hg atom is in a nearly perfect linear coordination Debattistiite (IMA 2011-098), ideally Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2, is a new mineral discovered in the famous for Pb-Cu-Ag-As-Tl with two Te/S atoms. One of five Ag sites and Hg site, which are bearing sulfosalts Lengenbach quarry in the Binn Valley, Valais, very close (separation 1.137 Å), are partially occupied (50%). Switzerland. Debattistiite has been identified in two specimens Thus there is a statistical distribution (50:50) between Hg(Te,S)2 from zone 1 of the quarry in cavities in dolomitic marble with and AgS2(Te,S)2 polyhedra in the structure. -
And Ta-Bearing Oxide Minerals in the Greer Lake Pegmatitic Granite and Its Pegmatiteaureole, Southeasternmanitoba
American Mineralogist, Volume 71, pages 501-517, 1986 Fractionation trends of the Nb- and Ta-bearing oxide minerals in the Greer Lake pegmatitic granite and its pegmatiteaureole, southeasternManitoba Pnrn ennmi, Bnucn E. Golo,r FuNx C. H,lwruronNr, RoN CrHplr,lN Department of Earth Sciences,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Arsrucr The Greer Lake pegmatitic granite and related exterior rare-element pegmatites of the beryl-columbite type intrude metabasalt and tonalite gneiss in the Archean English River Subprovince of southeasternManitoba. Columbite-tantalite is the predominant Nb- and Ta-bearingmineral, associatedwith subordinateixiolite, microlite, niobian-tantalian rutile, and rare tantalian cassiterite, wodginite, and ilmenite. In coexisting mineral pairs, Tal(Ta + Nb) of microlite exceedsthat of columbite-tantalite, ixiolite, rutile, and cassiterite;in cassiteriteand rutile, Tal(Ta + Nb) is higher and Mn/(Mn * Fe) lower than in columbite- tantalite and ixiolite. In Li-, Rb-, Cs-, and F-poor environments, limited Mn enrichment accompaniesthe fractionation of Ta, which culminates in ixiolite and subordinate microlite. In Li-, Rb-, Cs-, and F-rich parageneses,extensive Mn enrichment precedesthe main Ta fractionation, which subsequentlygenerates near-end-member manganotantalite, wodginite, and mi- crolite. The Greer Lake and other fractionation trends indicate that a late-stageF-rich environment promotes extreme Fe/Mn fractionation prior to the main stage of Nb-Ta separation. The abundancesof Sn, Ti, and Sc are not related to fluorine or rare-alkali enrichment, but increasefrom pegmatitic granite to pegnatites. The relative accumulation of Ti and Sc in the pegmatite aureole seemsto be due to internal fractionation rather than assimilation. Columbite-tantalite in the pegmatitic granite shows an intermediate to near-ordered structural state, but is highly disordered in the pegmatite veins.