NEW Z_EALAND STUD IE S

THE FIRST PLACARD OF THE ARMADILLAN ABSOLUTISTS

Literary activity at Victoria University College 1947-1951 1

STEPHEN HAMILTON

1947, leading members of the club II became the first New Zealand stu­ dents to be arrested for street pro­ T THE START of the 1946 test after they marched through YCLOSTYLED AND STAPLED, A academic year enrolrnents at central Wellington to demonstrate C there were no more than five Wellington's Victoria University against Dutch military action in issues of Broadsheet, of from nine to College were swollen by an estimated Indonesia. twelve pages each.' The first 700 returning servicemen eager to In the midst of all this political number opens with an editorial by take advantage of the newly insti­ ferment there were also stirrings of a Oliver in which he sets out the tuted rehabilitation schemes. Many of literary nature. In late 1947, in a straightforward objectives of the these men- older, more experienced report in the Students' Association's Society and its magazine. The and more mature than their younger annual review on the activity of the official publications of the Students' counterparts at the college- brought College's revived Literary Society, Association, Spike and Salient, are with them political idealism and a mention was made of the establish­ seen as lacking critical content, a fervent hope that the mistakes of the ment of three study groups; on New deficiency the Society in tends to 1930s would not be repeated in the Zealand poetry, William Blake and correct. The recently founded post-war era. An Ex-Servicemen's Elizabethan drama 3 Members of the Landfall must also be figured into Society was soon formed, its 200 society included Pat Wilson, Bill Oliver's statement. As James members eager to distance them­ Oliver, Alistair Campbell, Eric Bertram commented in his 1954 selves from a proposal to set up a Schwirnrner, Lorna Clendon, Bill account of literary activity at VUC branch of the Returned Service­ Mabbitt, Cordon Orr, Harry Orsman, Victoria, this '"national" New men's Association2 A number of Elizabeth Entrican, Judith Wild, Zealand quarterly ... provided both these same 'rehabbers', including Ron Lorna Clendon and Geoffrey Datson. encouragement to young writers, Smith, Harold Dowrick, Jirn Winches­ Of these, Wilson, Oliver, Thomson, and a norm to vary against. '' ter, Dorian Saker, Harry Evison, and Campbell, Wild, Clendon and However, while there was certainly Alec McLeod, were also instrumental Schwimmer were chief among those a strong element of resistance and in forming the VUC Socialist Club. responsible for the production of the even literary subversion among This soon became active on a number society's Broadsheet, first published in those responsible for Broadsheet and of issues, from improving the tobacco May 1947, and it was largely through its successors, publication in the ration for returned servicemen to their efforts that that ephemeral highly regarded quarterly remained marching in opposition to compul­ publication was transformed into their most prized goal. Several soon sory military training. On 30 July Hilltop and then Arachne. had work accepted by Landfall's

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editor Charles Brasch, who, as will and second issues of Landfall, taking although Schwimmer disputes be seen, in turn encouraged them in issue with what he perceives as this)" on the New York poet Harry their efforts to publish their own Brasch's too simplistic and deter­ Roskolenko, citing him as 'one of little magazines. ministic view of the development of the chief precursors of the move­ The most significant contribu­ New Zealand culture. He recently ment of which this placard is an tion to the fi rst issue of Broadsheet is described the dispute as 'a quarrel expression,' and a poem by Pat a poem by Alistair Camp bell, 'Love with a mechanical view of causality Wilson (signed 'C.W.B.'), titled Poem IV,' part of an ongoing se­ which links supposed realia like the 'Homage to Roskolenko,'13 indicates quence of poems, of which more "landfall" of the British to New a tentative link between the Placard were to appear in the issue of Spike Zealand poetry as a necessary and and the Ern Malley hoax. for 1948 and in the first issue of sufficient determinant.'' Roskolenko, who styled himself Hilltop in April 1949. Campbell's The undated next issue of Broad­ 'first poet of the Apocalypse,'14 was only other contribution to Broad­ sheet- the third -carries the title stationed with the United States sheet, although there is some uncer­ First Placard of the Armadillan Abso­ Army in Sydney during the war. He tainty over the attribution, is an lutists and a cover illustration by was so impressed with the Malley untitled poem printed over the Alistair Campbell featuring a band­ poems that he arranged for three of initials 'C.A.S.' in the issue for June aged hand with hanging from it them to be published in a special 1948, that given the title First Plac­ what Campbelllater described as, in Australian issue of the New York ard of the Armadillan Absolutists. accordance with the title of the journal Voices. Max Harris, editor Neither of these poems have been issue, a miniature armadillo (al­ and publisher of the Malley poems republished. Pat Wilson contributed though, with its numerous small and of the periodical Angry Pen­ a poem to the first issue of Broad­ legs and obvious antennae, this guins, provided a commentary for sheet, and two poems to the final appears to be a common slater or Voices and advised Roskolenko on issue. Wilson also had at least some wood louse)' The drawing is ac­ selection, assisted by C. B. involvement in the writing of 'On companied by some deliberately Christensen of Meanjin Papers, the Necessity for a National Litera­ obscure, Pound-like lines penned by Cecily Crozier of Co mment, and R.G. ture,' published anonymously in the Bill Oliver: 'Only the shy return I Howarth of Southerly." Roskolenko first issue' After the dawn.' Ostensibly serious also had two volumes of poetry The second issue, dated August but in fact nothing less than a published in Australia, at least one 1947, opens with an editorial by Eric deliberate literary hoax, the Plac­ of which was familiar to Schwimmer. Born in Amsterdam in ard's announced intention was 'to Schwimmer.16 1923, he was living in Indonesia start a new "school" of poetry' Pat Wilson later recalled that with his parents at the start of the based on the premise that Schwimmer asked him to choose, Second World War. After arriving '(l]anguage is an absolute. What is more or less at random, the quota­ in New Zealand with his family in stated in poetry is stated for all time tions used in the Roskoj_enko article 1940, he graduated from Victoria in the only possible termsq0 The from a selection initially made by with a BA in ClassicS-in 1948 before poems of the brilliant Australian Schwimmer. Wilson also recalls that going on to a career as an anthro­ literary fraud, Ern Malley, pub­ his 'Homage to Roskolenko' was pologist both here and in Canada. lished in 1944, were prefaced by w ritten at Schwimmer's request: His interest in European and par­ similar gnomic utterances. The {/t] has no connection whatsoever ticularly French existentialist litera­ Malley hoax had been discussed in with its (Erik's) title. It's not in any ture and his concern with theory, an article in Spike later in the same sense a 'hmnage' addressed to unusual at the time, gave him some year, signed simply 'Triad'11 someone, real or imaginary; it is standing as 'the intellectual of the The inclusion of an article by merely a piece of what I used to ca ll group'.' In his Broadsheet editorial 'S.E.H.' (identified by Bill Oliver 'a tmospheri cs,' written in a sort of Schwimmer responds to the first and Pat Wilson as Eric Schwimmer

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doggerel, and almost completely what had gone before. Other contri­ Douglas Stew art.

meaningless although it reads~ butions were composed in similar The colophon to the issue an­ sense. ways.20 Apparently, several people nounced that it was 'Printed and not in on the joke took the Placard Wilson also rightly points out Published by the Victoria University seriously. The next issue of Broad­ that the fact that Roskolenko was a College Literary Society, July 17th, sheet opened with an editorial titled real poet makes: 1948.'21 'An Explanation,' probably written The final number of Broadsheet 'the Placard not an Ern Malley type by Eric Schwimmer, which begins appeared the following month and hoax but th e~ of one .. by declaring that '[t]he Armadillans was sold arourill the college for 'Ern Malley' didn't in fact exist, but are quite unpenitent', before going sixpence. It opened with an un­ he sounded like someone who did; on to defend the work in the Plac­ signed editorial which stated in part by contrast 'Harry Roskolenko' ard. This fo urth issue also carries a that Broadsheet 'exists because sounded ... like some one who number of poems, including two by people write for us and we like didn't exist.' 17 Brian Bell, and an appropriately printing their work.' Despite the ironic review by 'O.D.' of the first Schwimmer cannot now recall ingenuous na lure of this statement, issue of Bookie, the affectionate precisely why Roskolenko played it is possible to detect in the pages satire on Book written and published such an important part in the issue. of this final issue an immanent (if by Bob Gormack of the Nag's Head He disagrees that the citing of not yet actual) increase in the Press. A report on the activities of Roskolenko was part of a 'search for thoughtfulness and seriousness of the Literary Society's New Zealand legitimacy or planned hoaxing as the enterprise. Among a number of literature group for the first half of everything [in the issue] was a anonymous poems were several by 1948 gives some indication of the spontaneous joke_'!' The American Pat Wilson, plus articles by Eric enthusiasm among members for NZ poet visited Auckland in 1946 Schwimmer and R.T. Robertson. Lit., with which many had been where he met David Ballantyne, The first issue of Hilltop, edited by unfamiliar prior to attending uni­ then a journalist with the Auckland John Mansfield Thomson, appeared versity: Star. Ballantyne introduced early the following year. Roskolenko to Frank Sargeson, This group has already discussed 19 Maurice Duggan and others. James K. Baxter (Pa t Wilson); four Ill Neither Schwimmer nor any mem­ Auckland Writers - Fairburn, bers of the Broadsheet group met Mason, Mulga n and Sargeson (Bill ILL TOP MARKED A Roskolenko, and indeed Oliver and Shires); Arnold Cork, Geoffrey significant step forward from Campbell deny any knowledge of Pollett, and Count Geoffrey ... de H Broadsheet, in terms both of the him at the time beyond Montalk, ... Pretender to the contents and of the production Schwimmer's portentous attribu­ Throne of Poland (Tony Murray­ quality of the magazine. Literary tions in the Placard. Oli ve r); and at the most recent Society members Pat Wilson and According to Alistair Camp bell, meeting selected passages were John Thomson sought prices for the the Placard was produced when he, read by those present . production of a forty-page maga­ Bill Oliver, and Pat Wilson went On July 22nd Mr Schwimmer will zine from several Wellington around to Eric Schwimmer's home speak on Frank Sargeson, and at printers, finally accepting a quota­ and 'decided to have a bit of fun.' A subsequent meetings there will be, tion submitted by McKenzie story, 'Death by Dissertation', was among other speakers, Mr W.H. Thorn ton Cooper for '600 copies written by the group as a whole in Oliver on Basil Dowling; Mr C.W. Crown 4to. 40 pages Self Cover the manner of a party-game with Strathern on Thomas Bracken; Mr printed on Newsprint, 2 colums each writer contributing a para­ P. S. Wilson on The Old Clay Patch; [sic]lO point for Forty-five pounds graph with little or no reference to and Mr A.St. C.M. Murray-Oliver on

Vol 9 No 2 September 1999 7 NEW Z_EALAND STUDIES

fifteen shillings.'" The decision to Stockman. reviewers regarded it as too bucolic use a local Wellington printer rather Thomson, as secretary of the to be taken seriously. than presses such as Caxton or Society, solicited subscriptions to Following the receipt of copy, Pegasus was partly one of expedi­ the proposed magazine in a circular McKenzie Thorn ton Cooper ob­ ency, but also may have been letter. His comments therein shed jected to 'some rather strong lan­ motivated by a desire to break away light on the motivations behind the guage' in a story entitled 'Sixty' by from Christchurch's near monopoly shift to a more professional format. a now forgotten author." The piece on literary printing. This in turn was withdrawn, but among those In the past we have sponsored a may be seen as part of the critical stories and poems which found cyclostyled 'Broadsheet' containing and stylistic break by the new their way into the first number were verse and articles by the members generation from the influence of the contributions by David Ballantyne, of the society and their friends, but established New Zealand poets, james K. Baxter, Alistair Campbell, the transient character of these represented most explicitly by Alien Louis Johnson, Bill Oliver, Kendrick sheets together with their unpleas­ Curnow, Den is Glover and Caxton Smithyman, and Pat Wilson, an ant appearance and the difficulties publications such as the 1945 Book of impressive range of authors, several and discouragements involved in New Zealand Verse. 23 of whose presence in a Victoria their printing has decided us to end Unfortunately, the result was College magazine may be explained these experiments and to engage a less than pleasing. McKenzie by a note on the title page, which professional printer. The limited Thornton Cooper had a very limited stressed that Hilltop 'is not a student circulation was also a disadvantage range of typefaces and Thomson magazine .. . . It exists for all writers, and we would now like to provide was forced to select the best of in New Zealand and outside.' more opportunity for the young these, Century, for the new publica­ The issue opened with stories by writers in Wellington and at Victo­ tion. The first number was pasted­ Philip Wilson and David ria -several of whom have had up over an issue of the New Zealand Ballantyne, while John Thomson, work printed in Landfall and others Funeral Director, supplied by the writing as 'John Mansfield,' contrib­ of the country's periodicals.25 printer on the grounds that it was uted a (for him) rare piece of fiction. the same size as the proposed Ideas for a title for the new Jim Winchester, communist, contro­ literary magazine. As a result, Roy magazine were also canvassed. versialist and, as Alistair Camp bell Parsons, who supported the maga­ Alistair Campbell suggested reminded us in his autobiographical zine through advertising, was very 'Notornis,' in celebration of the piece in the last issue of New Zea­ reluctant to sell copies of Hilltop in recently rediscovered Takahe. Pat land Studies, 'King of Quiz', re­ his bookshop, regarding it as having Wilson proposed 'Christopher's sponded to Thomson's request for the appearance of a parish maga­ Paper' and a dummy subscription an article with a piece critical of zine24 After Frank Stockman, an form using this title was prepared. what Winchester termed the 'basic architecture student associated with However, in conversation with John emptiness' of Monte Ho)croft's the Literary Society, criticised the Thomson, Professor Ian Gordon ideas, as expressed in Holcroft's layout of the first issue, Thomson suggested that such a title was 'too series of three expansive engaged him to advise on design. precious' and proposed 'Hilltop' ruminations on New Zealand soci­ While little could be done about instead, citing a quotation from ety and culture, republished in 1950 improving the typeface, Stockman Donne 'about truth standing high by Caxton Press as Discovered Isles . did commission John Drawbridge of on a hilltop and he who must reach Eric Schwimmer, so prominent Wellington Teachers' College to it "about must, and about must in Broadsheet and later Arnclme made design a cover. The result appeared go."'26 The appropriateness of such his only contribution to Hilltop in on the two subsequent issues, both a title for a magazine published the form of an un-attributed transla­ of which are also tangibly improved from Victoria College ('high above tion of a poem by the Dutch poet in other ways by the influence of the city') appealed, although certain Edgar du Perron.28 Schwimmer's

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absence from Hilltop accords with prior to the publication of the of the 1948 edition of Quill." It was his criticism of the first issue in a second issueY not until 1951, when grants began to review published in Salient in which The second issue opened with made to Reeds to assist the publica­ he judges Hilltop as generally un­ an editorial opposing compulsory tion of the New Zealand Poetry successful, and takes particular military training, a subject which Yearbook, that periodical titles began issue with the title and what he also gained a good deal of space in to feature to a small extent in the regards as a consequent lack of clear Salient at the time. In addition to lists of Literary Fund recipients. editorial policy or leadership." poems by Smithyman and Brasch, Landfall began to receive regular Schwimmer's criticism was to be a Hilltop 2 also featured work by grants from 1952. factor in the transmutation of Hill­ Campbell, Witheford and Baxter. As part of the application for top into Araclme following the shift The most notable contribution to the funding Literary Society treasurer of editorial control to Schwimmer issue was Campbell's, all three of Lorna Clendon prepared a financial and Hubert Witheford after his poems being later republished. statement which indicates that issue Thomson departed for Britain in 'At the Fishing Settlement' and runs for the magazine had increased September 1949. 'Landscape with Figures' (re-titled from an initial four hundred to an It is the poetry content of this 'The Return') were taken into his ambitious one thousand copies with first issue of Hilltop which stands first collection, Mine Eyes Dazzle,33 the second number. However, she out as most worthy of comment. and both were subsequently much also records only one hundred and Poems by Bill Oliver, Alistair anthologised. 'Girl and Landscape' fifty-five subscriptions to Hilltop at Camp bell and Pat Wilson constitute became 'Blonde Girl' in Wild the time of the application, indicat­ the magazine's strongest link with Honey." These poems were written ing a perhaps unrealistic reliance on Broadsheet, while contributions by on a working holiday in the South casual sales38 James K. Baxter and Louis Johnson Island.35 Campbell also offered a One source of funding which add depth to the new title. Baxter defence of Holcroft in response to committee members did tap suc­ first enrolled at Victoria University Winchester's article in the first cessfully was advertising. As John College in 1950, and he occasionally issue, in the form of a letter to the Thomson recalled in 1958, their attended Hilltop editorial meetings, editor. Another item of interest is an enthusiasm for the new venture was although without taking any active article by Baxter, 'Why Writers Stop apparently infectious. part in preparing the magazine.30 Writing,' described in its subtitle as: Pat Wilson's poetic nature often However, I like to think that he may 'An adaptation and synopsis of a came forth with picturesque ideas­ be one of the 'two anonymous co­ talk given to the Literary Society of 'Let's hire a Tiger Moth and drop editors' credited with assisting with Victoria University College, 27th leaflets over Wellington.' He the first issue of Arachne3 1 May, 1949'. proved extremely good at securing Apart from Schwimmer's criti­ A request for a grant of £100 advertisements and we would set cism in Salient, responses to the from the New Zealand Literary off for an afternoon's tour of possi­ contents if not the format of the first Fund following the publication of ble sources, stopping every now issue of Hilltop were generally the second issue was turned down, and then at a pub for a drink. The encouraging. Kendrick Smithyman apparently because the Committee advertisers were, in the main, most sent his congratulations and submit­ did not consider Hilltop to have gracious towards us and I remem­ ted a poem for inclusion in the properly established itself as an ber only one bookshop where we second number. Charles Brasch did ongoing concern.36 In fact, the Fund were more or less ushered out. likewise after John Thomson, Bill made only one grant towards the At one stage I found myself sitting Oliver and Lorna Clendon stayed publication of a literary periodical on the step outside the printers with him in Dunedin in mid-1949 during the early years of its opera­ hurriedly writing the text for a while the editorial trio were on a tion, to the New Zealand Women second-hand shop advertisement trip south selling subscriptions Writers' Society for the publication

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which hired dinner suits. We were largely shuns engagement with a develop itself into a magazine of not selective about advertisements number of then current literary and national interest was hindered both -at the stage we could not afford to cultural controversies, one aspect of by its explicit association with be and saw nothing incongruous in Oliver's editorial which did have Victoria College, and by its use of the fact that there was a butcher's repercussions in Arachne were his what he considered to be an unfor­ advertisement in a literary maga­ comments on the publication by tunately bucolic title45 Several zine. We were later criticised Caxton Press of a collection of options for a new title were can­ severely on this score.39 poems by William Hart-Smith'' As vassed before Araclme was chosen, part of a wider criticism of Caxton' s including 'Capricorn,'" and 'The As a result of their enterprise the recent list of publications, Oliver Victorian and Antarctic Review.'" back pages of both Hilltop and describes Hart-Smith's volume as With Thomson's departure from Arachne sport a variety of advertise­ 'mediocre' and suggests that work New Zealand in late 1949, ments, ranging from book shops by Alien Curnow, Basil Dowling, Schwimmer and Witheford deter­ such as Parsons, Souths, and Mod­ Pat Wilson or Alistair Camp bell mined to transform the Literary ern Books to the Florida Milk Bar would have been more suitable for Society magazine into a publication ('For Everything Hot or Cold') and such an imprint. His linking of with a more international focus. Whale's butchery. While the reac­ Wilson and Campbell with the more Intended as a miscellany of some tions of advertisers to particular established names of Curnow and 130 pages, it was hoped to partly contributions occasionally caused Dowling indicates a wider critical finance the proposed magazine problems for the editors, these had strategy behind Oliver's comments. through the Literary Fund after less impact than the objections of This final issue of Hilltop appeared Ormond Wilson of the Fund's the printers. Income from advertis­ just prior to the emergence of Advisory Committee encouraged ing sources met a fairly substantial Camp bell as a new and significant the Society to make an applica­ part of Hilltop's costs, rising from voice in New Zealand poetry, tion'' Arachne's break with Hilltop· £18 for the first issue to £22 for the signalled by his first collection, is most clearly expressed in a note second, set against total expenses of Mine Eyes Dazzle, published in 1950 printed on the verso of an unbound £69 /lls and £105/lOs respec­ by Robin Muir and Albion Wright slip wrapped across the cover of the tively40 of Pegasus Press in what Noel Waite first issue of the new magazine, The cover illustration by John has described as 'an elegant octavo identifying it as 'formerly Hilltop.' Drawbridge was used again for the edition''' This volume was to go Probably penned by Eric third issue, which appeared in through two further editions in the Schwimmer," this amounts to a September 1949 and which opened following six years and was favour­ manifesto of the new generation, a w ith a belated attempt to establish a ably reviewed both locally and generation soon to be given elo­ coherent editorial policy. This had overseas.44 quent voice by Baxter at the 1951 been a major subject of Writers' Conference. Schwimmer's criticism, and was a / further motivation behind the IV Hilltop was founded at the begin­ alteration of the title of Hilltop to ning of this year with the conscious Arachne in 1950. Oliver, to whom ILL TOP WAS SUCCEEDED absence of any policy except to the editorial is ascribed by Weir and H in 1950 by Arachne. The publish the best work available. Lyon in their bibliography of his change in title signalled an increas­ That work, however, apparently so work,'1 asserts that '[i]nsofar as this ing degree of distance between the heterogeneous, was found to have magazine has any policy, it is to magazine and the institution in certain qualities which now seem to print as much poetry, fiction, po­ which it had its origins. Schwimmer make possible a magazine centring lemic and scholarship, as we, in had already protested in print and around certain specific principles. fallibility, judge good.' Although he privately that Hilltop's attempt to In the nineteen-thirties some poets

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and essayists, using the facts of Publishing, set up largely for that legally entitled (I understand) to be New Zealand's history and geogra­ purpose by members and former members of clubs this year, the phy endeavoured to create a myth members of the Society, including group might well- for the sake of which would give the New Zealand Schwimmer, Witheford and Oliver. the good name - be discouraged writer a setting in time and space Recurring difficulties had been from using 'Victoria College' on

and an accepted function in his encountered with the printer their cover. 52 community. Araclme sets out w ith McKenzie Thornton Cooper, mostly All three issues of Araclme the principle that there is no such due to disputes over the contents of sported a cover page illustration by easy solution to the absence of the magazine, leading to a gap of 15 Mervyn Taylor, a spider in its web. anchorage in the world. We should months between the first and sec­ The first issue opened with an explore, not obscure the situation of ond issues. Following the establish­ impressive selection of eight poems a culture in which each writer and ment of Crocus Publishing, Albion by Charles Spear, all of which were artist is NOT part of a continuous Wright's Pegasus Press was en­ reprinted later the same year in his tradition but must deliberately gaged as printer. Wright became collection Twopence Coloured," as select from the past those influences involved partly through his publica­ was his single contribution to the which seem necessary to him, must tion of Alistair Campbell's first second number of Araclme. His accept another master than the volume of poems, the preparation poem 'Die Pelzenaffen,' published com.munity. This situation is at of which he discussed with in the third issue, had already present most easily grasped in Schwimmer51 Their association was appeared in the Canterbury College colonial societies. Perhaps the older to continu e with Schwimmer's publication Gaudeamus,54 and was countries are on the way to it. If this editing of the Department of Maori later included by Louis Johnson in is so some sort of international Affairs quarterly Te Ao Hou, printed the second New Zealand Poetry context for Aracllne becomes possi­ by Pegasus Press. Yearbook. 55 ble. Another impetus towards the Eric Schwimmer contributed a In the first issue of Arachne these shift off-campus was the response number of items to the issue, after ideas are suggested rather than of the student body to Arac/me's his absence from the pages of the expounded. In later issues we shall first appearance, voiced most last two numbers of Hilltop. Apart endeavour to work out their impli­ clearly in a review published in from his editorial, these include a cations- to create a unity w hich Salient. The author was critical of translation of Albert Camus's essay may stimulate the diversity of the change of title from Hilltop and 'The Actor,' and a piece called contributions we hope Araclme, like dismissive of most of the contents of 'Diary Notes,' consisting of largely Hilltop, wi ll receive. 50 Amchne with the exception of a unedited ruminations on a range of story by Helen Shaw and the ex­ Schwimmer put these objectives subjects, including, the literary hoax change between Oliver and Hart­ somewhat more obscurely in his perpetrated by the 18th century Smith. The reviewer concluded with editorial to the first number, a poet, Thomas Chatterton, whose the following comment, which must recasting of the Arachne myth in work Schwimmer was studying at have been typical of many re­ terms which emphasise the plight of the time, perhaps significantly so in sponses to student literary endeav­ the artist unappreciated by her the light of the First Placard. our during mid-century. society. Imaginative prose in the first While the first issue of Amchne I feel that Araclme is no credit to issue of Araclme includes a story by followed Hilltop in being published V.U.C., reeking as it does of intel­ Helen Shaw, who also contributed a by the Victoria University College lectual snobbery, and perhaps, as at story and an article to the final Literary Society, responsibility for least two members of the editorial number of the magazine as well as subsequent issues was transferred committee are no longer members acting as Auckland editorial repre­ to a newly formed company, Crocus of the Association, and aren't sentative for the issue. The Euro-

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pean theme initiated by Schwimmer small market, the magazine must be V was extended in an article by H.H. all things to all readers, providing a Rex on the existentialism of Sartre, venue for both conventional and while Witheford discussed Pound's unconventional fiction, poetry, and HE FINAL NUMBER of Arnchne recently published Pisan Cantos, all prose, while at the same time at­ T is dated December 1951. It was contributing to the avowedly inter­ tempting to 'print work that has a edited by Louis Johnson, Eric national outlook of the journal. In cathartic quality' for the develop­ Schwimmer, Hubert Witheford, and addition to the opening selection of ment of literature, both within New members of the Literary Society, verse by Charles Spear, poetry by Zealand and internationally. These while Helen Shaw and Basil Lorna Clendon, Kendrick ideas were further explored by Dowling were respectively named Smithyman and Louis Johnson was Hubert Witheford in an essay as Auckland and Dunedin associate also published in the issue. entitled 'Background to a Maga­ editors. The contents include a story It was over a year before the zine,' in which he describes New by Shaw and poetry by Charles second number of Arachne ap­ Zealand society as being riven by Spear, Witheford, Baxter and peared, in February 1951. A note to isolation and disintegration, sal­ Johnson. Overall, it was a particu­ subscribers slipped into the issue vageable only by the formation of larly strong number, but, as so often (signed by Judith Wild, treasurer of some new ethic, as yet undiscov­ happens with university-based the Literary Society and a Director ered. magazines, the natural dispersal of of Crocus Publishing), apologised Oliver follows his editorial with editorial staff following their gradu­ for the delay in publication, blam­ an article on the poetry of William ation led to this being the final issue ing it on 'printing difficulties, which Wordsworth. He also contributes a of Arnchne. Wilson, Oliver, and are not likely to recur.' poem, 'A Figure at the Window,' Witheford all followed Thomsen's previously published in the Arts example and departed for Britain. It appeared early last year that the Y ear Book for 195057 and later gath­ However, despite this dispersal of . V.U.C. Literary Society could not ered into his collection Fire Without personnel, the Wellington Group, as continue to bear the fairly heavy Phoenix."" Elsewhere in the issue are the Arnclme poets were becoming liabilities involved in publishing poems by Alistair Campbell, known, was well and truly estab­ the magazine. The Students' Asso­ Charles Spear, and Basil Dowling, lished. This had become particularly ciation had shown considerable while Schwimmer contributes a evident after Louis Johnson, forti­ generosity but could not continue translation of Marcel Bisiaux's story fied by his involvement with the to give undue prominence to efforts 'The Convent.' He also provides a vue magazines, turned his energy like ours. We, therefore, joined with detailed review of collections of towards the production of other some other Wellington writers, poetry by Alistair Camp bell and periodicals, including the New most of them graduates of Victoria Hubert Witheford, both published Zealand Poetry Yearbook and, from College, and formed a Company, by Albion Wright of the Pegasus 1954, Numbers. / modestly named 'The Crocus Press as part of his New Zealand Moreover, in addition to gaining Publishing Co. Ltd. ' Poets Series. Schwimmer regards publication of their work by A third issue of Arnc/me was the publication of the two volumes Pegasus Press, several of the poets promised for July of 1951,56 al­ as a triumph for the sort of poetry who apprenticed their craft at vue though it did not in fact appear published by Arnchne. The issue during the half-dozen or so years until December. closes with an advertisement placed following the end of the war also The second issue opens with an by Louis Johnson, calling for contri­ came in for honourable mention in editorial, probably attributable to butions of verse to the inaugural Baxter's hugely influential paper to Bill Oliver, which sets out to clarify issue of the New Zealand Poetry the 1951 New Zealand Writers' the magazine's editorial policy Yearbook. Conference: further. In order to survive in such a

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The more extreme and experimental Nos 5/6 as one, there were only five Press, 1945). issues of the Broadsheet.' Pat Wilson, 24 J.M . Thomson, interview with the author, aspects of New Zealand poetry are letter to author, 13 March 1993. The 6 July 1992. james Bertram also described apparent in Arac/111e (nee Hilltop), an bibliographical details of items referred to Hilltop in these terms in his article in in Broadsheet, Hilltop, and Arachne are Spike on literary periodical activity at irregular periodical issued under given in the appended indexes to the Victoria College between 1949 and 1954. the aegis of Victoria College. Most magazines. Bertram, 'Literary Periodicals' 40. of the poets contributing have had James Bertram, 'Literary Periodicals,' 25 J.M. Thomson, circular letter, 21 January Spike 1954: 40. Reprinted in Flight of the 1949. Thomson Papers. their best work p rinted in Landfall. Phowix: Critical Notes on New Zealand 26 Thomson, 'Hilltop ... outline of its origins' It has been valuable as a catalyst, Writers (Wellington: Victoria University (unpublished essay, 30 July 1958) 5. Press, 1985) 60-65. promoting the combination of Donne's lines are reproduced on a mock­ Attributions made by Eric Schwimmer, up of a proposed advertising slip for many elementsi or to change the letter to the author, 25 March 1993. Hilltop: 'On a huge hill Cragged, and metaphor, as a ground for testing Alistair Campbell, interview with the steep, truth stands, and he that will author, 9 July 1992. Reach it, about must, and about must go.' crops. Through it, and by personal Eric Schwimn1er, letter to the author, 25 Thomson Papers. contact, a group of younger poets March 1993. 27 Roy Thorn ton, letter to 'The Editor, "Hill Top,"' 16 March 1949. ).M. Thomson, w riting in Wellington have experi­ Alistair Campbell, Island to Island (Christchurch: Whitcoulls, 1984) 111. letter toR. Thorn ton, 26 March 1949. enced that indispensable exchange 10 Unattributed, 'Introductory Phrases,' Thomson Papers. of ideas w hich leads to better Broadsheet 2.3 (n.d.): n.pag. This unsigned 28 Eric Schwimmer, letter to the author, 25 editorial was probably written by Eric March 1993. judgement and a genuine impetus. Schwimmer. Eric Schwimmer, letter to 29 F.[sic] Schwimmer, 'In Mountain Air,' The poetry of W. H. Oliver, P. S. the author, 25 March 1993. Salient 4 May 1949: 3. A defence of the Wilson and Alistair Campbell, 11 Triad, 'Ern Malley and the Angry magazine by Hugh Mason was published Penguins,' Spike 1944: 30-31. alongside Schwimmer's review. whatever their dissimilarities, has 12 W.H. Oliver, letter to the author, 2 30 Frank McKay, Th e Life of]allles K. Baxter this in common- it is a fresh start, November 1992. Pat Wiison, letter to the (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1990) 126. drawing from earlier New Zealand author, 13 March 1993. Schwimmer, letter to the author, 25 March 1993. 31 The other may have been Louis Johnson. poets only tha t material which 13 Schwimmer, letter to the author, 25 32 Thomson, 'Hilltop ... outline of its origins' seems relevant to a new situation.59 March 1993. 5-6. 14 Michael King, Frank Sarges011: A life 33 Alistair Campbell, Mine Eyes Dazzle: A new generation of poets and a (Auckland: Viking, 1995) 279 Poell/s 1947-49 (Christchurch: Pegasus 15 Harry Roskolenko and Eli sabeth Lambert, Press, 1950). new poetic sensibility had clearly 'Comment by the Editors of this Issue,' 34 Alistair Campbell, Wild Ho11ey (London: arrived.

Vol 9 No 2 Septe111ber 1999 13 N E W Z.E A L A N D S T U D I E S

Nelson Wattie (Melbourne: Oxford author, 25 March 1993. (Christchurch: Caxton Press, 1951) . Un iversity Press: 1998) 435. 48 Pat Wi lson, letter to Mrs Wilson, Uuly] 54 Charles Spear, 'Die Pelzenaffen,' 44 See Weir and Lyon, Bibliography 145. 1948. Transcript supplied by Wilson, Gaudeam us 1 (April 1951): 3. 45 Eri c Schwimmer, 'In Mountain Air,' Salient letter to the author, 13 March 1993. 55 New Zealand Poetry Yearbook 2 (1952): 78. 4 May 1949: 3. 'The argument aga inst the 49 Schwimmer, letter to author, 25 March 56 Thi s was origin ally given as June, with the title Hillto p was simply th at it connoted 1993. typewritten word 'June' being altered by Victoria College and we no longer felt 50 Note published with Arachne 1.1 Ganuary hand to 'July.' identified with the aim a mater as most of 1950). The ephemeral na ture of this note, 57 Arts Year Book 6 (1950): 124. us were leaving or had left and Lou which is now missing from many copies 58 W. H. Oliver, Fire Without Phoenix Johnson had never been at Victoria.' Eric of th e issue, warrants its full transcription (Christchurch: Caxton Press, 1957) 22-23. Schwimmer, letter to the author, 25 March here. 1993. 59 James K. Baxter, Recent Trends i11 New 51 Schwimmer, letter to the author, 25 March Zealand Poetry, james K Baxter as Critic, 46 Suggested by Frank Stockman in an 1993. ed. Frank McKay (Auckland: Heinemann, undated note to John Thomson. Thomson 52 Ngath -Fhaceil, 'Hilltop runs amuck', 1978) 4. Papers. Salient 16 March 1950: 3. 47 Schwimmer suggests the latter title ' h a~ a 53 Charles Spear, Twopence Coloured With eford flavour.' Schwimmer, letter to

SPORT, SOCIETY & CULTURE IN NEW ZEALAND

Edited by Brad Patterson. Contributors: Patrick Day, David Gran t, Michael Grimshaw, Lloyd ]ones, Bill Keane, Chris Laidlaw, lames M cNeish, Trevor Richards, Roger Robinson, Adrienne Simpson, Clare Simpson, Allan Thomas, Shona Thompson, Brian Tu rner, GeoffVincent and Lydia Wevers

NEW ZEALANDERS LOVE SPORT. Along with reading, sport is the country's most widely engaged in leisure activity. It is the most pervasive form of communal behaviour, and even the means by which many New Zealanders define themselves. Yet, until very recently, there has been little research into the place of sport in the New Zealand cultural context, little serious writing on how sport threads and binds New Zealanders' lives.

THE STOUT RESEARCH CENTRE'S OCTOBER 1998 CONFERENCE, The Real Level Playing Field?: Sport Society and Culture, was a first attempt to promote dialogue, bringing together historians, sociologists, scholars from other disciplines, writers and sportspeople to consider from their various perspectives how sport reflects, defines and enlivens New Zealanders lives, at the sam e time exploring the role of sport in promoting distinctive national identity.

THIS BOOK COLLECTS 16 PAPERS PRESENTED AT T HE CONFERENCE. Contributions range from the reflective and whimsical to the unabashedly empirical, even the polemical. Traditional sporting codes, as well as pursuits with lesser fo llowings, are considered, while discussion extends to the implicatio ns of sport for religion, literature and music. Together, these papers not o nly provide new insights into the past and present; they also suggest promising new avenues for future inquiry.

Sport, Society & Culture in New Zealand, edited by Brad Patterson, 183pp, ISBN 0-473-06403-0, $24.95 from Stout Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand Tel +64-4-471 5305,fax +64-4-496 5439, e-mail [email protected]

14 Vol 9 No 2 September 1999 N E W z_E A L A N D 5 T U D I E 5

Broadsheet, Hilltop &Arachne: Bibliographical descriptions and nominal indexes

The following descriptions and indexes are based on an extensive • Dates are as follows : ]a, F, Mr, Ap, My, ]e, ]u, Ag, S, 0 , N, D. study of New Zealand magazines of literary interest published during • Translations are prefaced with the abbreviation 'trans.' the first 60 years of the 20th century. In the case of Broadsheet, • Where pseudonyms or initials are able to be linked to known authors, infornwtion supplied by Pat Wilson, Eric Schwimmer, Bill 0/iver and they are recorded in parentheses with the item contributed. Alistair Campbelllzas enabled the attribution of a large number of • Unidentified pseudonyms and initials are indexed by their first letter. anonymous and pseudonymous contributions. Their assistance is • Unsigned contributions which are not able to be attributed are listed gratefully acknowledged. under the heading 'Unattributed'. In prepari 11g the indexes, the following conventions have been used: • Untitled poems and those given the title 'Poem' or 'Song' are identified • Volume and issue mnnbers are reduced to: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3. by their first line or phrase, enclosed in parentheses.

BROADSHEET: THE Magazine oj the Victoria University College Literary Society (title and

s ubtitle varies) Mabbitt, Bill, article: 'Advertisement', Silenus, article: 'Discussion groups', 2.4Qe'48): 1(My'47) 6; 10-12; Wellington: Victoria University College M.M., poetry: 'Room of death', 2.5-6(Ag'48):12; Sinclair, K.V., article: trans ., 'The actor', by Literary Society, 1947-1948. Murray-Oliver, A., poetry: ('a.'), ('For us the far Albert Cam us, 2.5 -6(Ag' 48):5-9; Editors: W.H. Oliver, Pat Wilson, Alistair journey'), 2.4(Je' 48):2; C.W. Strathem, ('hie'), poetry: 'Immortality', Campbell, Eric Schwimmer and other ('a.'), 'Lines to my son unborn', 2.5-6 2.4(Je'48):7; members of the V.U.C. Literary Society. (Ag'48):12; 'Night', 2.4(Je'48):1; Printer: Mimeographed. O.D., article: review of Bookie 1 (March 1948), Thomson, John Mansfield, article: ('J.M.T.') Irregular: No.1 - Vo1.2, no.S-6 (May 1947- 2.4(Je' 48):9-10; 'Editorial', 2.5-6(Ag'48):2; August1948). Oliver, W.H ., poetry: and Eric Schwimmer Unattributed: Noteworthy contributors: ('G.G.N.'), 'Miracle', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; articles: 'An explanation', 2.4 (Je'48):[i]; Alistair Campbell, W.H. Oliver, and Alistair Campbell ('spud'), 'Mortality', 'Gordon on Mansfield', 1(My'47):1-2; Eric Schwimmer and Pat Wilson . 2.5 -6(Ag' 48):18; 'New Zealand literature', 2.4(Je'48):12; ('Only the shy return'), 2.4(Je'48):cover; 'On the necessity for a national literature', Nominal Index ('W.H.O.'), 'Partial eclipse', 2(Ag'47):2; 1(My'47):3; 'Anon', poetry: 'Poem', 1(My'47):4; ('j.D.K.'), 'The rival animals', 2.3(Ap'48): Unger, Ralph, poetry: 'Flotsam', 2.5 -6 Bell, Brian, poetry: N.pag.; (Ag'48):10; 'Ru mdangle-Sqelch [sic]', 2.4(Je'48):7; ('G. G. N.'), ('Samson came sailing the far 'The sea is passion', 2.4Qe'48):1; fiction: 'PaterNoster', 2.4(Je'48):3-6; horizon'), 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; 'Strife', 2.4Qe'48):2; Brown, Denzil, article: ('D.j.B.'), 'Ursula ('j.D.K.Z.'), 'The Samurai', 2.5-6(Ag'48):[i]; Wilson, Godfrey, poetry: ('G.E.A.W.'), Bethell', 2(Ag'47):5-6; fiction: and Alistair Camp bell, Eric ('August's yellow banner rushes through Campbell, Alistair, poetry: Schwimmer and Pat Wilson ('E.A.'), 'Death the gardens,'), 2(Ag'47):3; ('A. C), 'Love poem IV', 1(My'47):2; by dissertation', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; ('G.E.AW.'), ('Summer, singing of gentle ('C.A.S.'), 'Poem' ('The hours like surgeons' article: ('W.H.O.'), 'Editorial', 1(My'47):1; flowers,'), 2(Ag'47):4; knives had pierced him through,'), Quelqu'une, poetry: ('The young ash in the Wilson, Pat, poetry: ('C.W.B.'), 'Homage to 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; wood is very slender'), 2.5-6(Ag'48):10; Roskolenko', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; and W.H. Oliver ('spud'), 'Mortality', 2.5- Robertson, RT., article: 'The Japanese puppet ('P.S.W.'), 'Legend', 2.5 -6(Ag'48):11; 6(Ag'48):18; theatre - Bunraku', 2.5-6(Ag' 48):13-18; ('j .H.T.'), 'The quest that never was', fiction: and W. H. Oliver, Eric Schwimmer Schwimmer, Eric, poetry: ('V.M .H.'), 'De 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag .; and Pat Wilson ('E.A.'), 'Death by profundis', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; ('P.S.W.'), 'Two groups', 1(My'47):4; dissertation', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; and W.H. Oliver ('G.G.N.'), 'Miracle', ('P.S.W.'), 'Where the schoolboys walk', illustration: line drawing, 2.3(Ap'48) :cover 2.3(Ap' 48):N.pag.; 25-6(Ag'48):11; page; fiction: and Alistair Campbell, \1\f. H. Oliver fiction : and Alistair Campbell, W.H. Oliver Ecu, Oaude, poetry: The ea~, 2.3(Ap'48) : and Pat Wilson ('E.A.'), 'Death by and Eric Schwimmer ('E.A.'), 'Death by N.pag.; dissertation', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; dissertation', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.; ].A.W., fiction: 'Short story', 1(My'47):5-6; articles: ('E.S.'), 'Editorial', 2(Ag'47):1 -2 article: 'Study groups', 1(My'47):6; L. j.P.H, poetry: 'At peace', 1(My'47):4; ('S .E. H.'), 'Harry Roskolenko', 2.3(Ap'48): McLeod, Bmce, poetry: 'Phoenix', 2.4Qe'48) :8-9; N.pag.; ('E.S.'), 'Introduction to Camus', 2.5-6 McKenzie, M. poetry: ('M.McK.'), 'Depression', (Ag'48): 3-5; 2.5-6(Ag'48):9; 'Introductory phrases', 2.3(Ap'48):N.pag.;

Vol 9 No 2 September 1999 15 N E W <__E A L A N D 5 T U D I E 5

HI LL TOP: A Literary Magazine r•ubtitte vadeo!

Wellington: Literary Society of Victoria Caselberg,John, Schwimmer, Eric, University College, 1949. poetry: ('Dear child'), 1.1(Ap'49):25; poetry: trans., 'Twentieth century', by Editors: John Mansfield Thomson (April­ ('He came'), 1.1(Ap'49):25; Edgardu Perron, 1.1(Ap'49):6; june 1949); W.H. Oliver (September 1949). ('This tall mountain'), l.l(Ap'49):30; Smith, j. Cameron, ('Two white spun clouds'), 1.1(Ap'49):25; poetry: 'The comic', 1.3(S'49):18; Printer: M cKenzie, Thorn ton, Cooper. Clendon, Lorna, 'The lullaby', 1.3(S'49) :18-19; Quarterly (but irregular): Vol.l, no.1 - Vol.l, poetry: 'Lord she is one of your children', Smith, Ron, no.3 (April- September 1949). 1.1(Ap'49):25; letter, L20e'49):38; Noteworthy contributors: David 'The old old lady ... ', 1.1 (Ap' 49) :24; Smithyman, Kendrick, poetry: 'View of the Ballantyne, James K. Baxter, Alistair 'Will the phoenix rise', 1.1(Ap'49):25; city, in oi l', 1.20e'49):15; fiction: 'The fall', 1.3(S'49):4-5; Campbell, Louis johnson, W.H. Oliver, Summers, John, Kendrick Smithyman, John Mansfield Coll in, B.E.F.S., letter, 1.3(S'49):32-34; Thomson and Pat W ilson. poetry: 'Lissea Vara and the fa ir prince', Sutton- Smith, Brian, 1.3(S'49):21-22; Nominal index: poetry: 'Peter Pa n', 1.1(Ap'49):13; Bagley, Maurice, Drawbridge, Jo hn, fiction: 'Before the jubilee', 1.2Qe'49):19- fiction: 'Tom Boots', 1.1(Ap'49):18-19; illustration: line drawing, 1.1(Ap'49): 24; cover page -1.3(S'49):cover page; Ballantyne, David, article: and PatWilson, letter, 1.3(S'49):28; fiction: 'Girls have to suffer', l.l(Ap'49):7-9; Hunter, Lois, Thompson, Barbara, fiction: 'The home', 1.3(S'49):23-24; Barker, Arthur, articles: 'Ma rionette thea tre', L20e'49):24 - poetry: trans., 'The lark', by Pierre de Johnson, L ouis, 25; Ronsard, 1.2Qe'49):9-10; poetry: 'Becoming', 1.1(Ap'49):31; 'Th e Tempest with wood and string', trans., 'On the choice of his burial -plac e', 'Chant for ritual', 1.1(Ap'49):31; 1.3(S'49):25-26; by Pierre de Ronsard, 1.20e'49):11 -13; 'Poem about who', 1.1(Ap'49):31; Thomson, John Mansfield, trans., 'Sonnets for Helen, XLIII', by 'Twin sons were born at th e eleventh fic ti on: ('John Mansfield'), 'The gods Pierre de Ronsard, 1.2Qe'49):11; hour', 1.1(Ap'49):31; descend: The story of a sea-side store­ trans., 'To his sou l', by Pierre de Ronsard, fiction: 'The eternal female', 1.3(S'49):19- keeper and his unusual fate', 1.2Qe'49):11; 20; 1.1(Ap'49):27-30; article: ' Poems of Ronsard', 1.2Qe'49):8-9; )ones, Raymond R.F., article: 'H alf-way house', review of The Baxter, James K., letter, 1.3(S'49):32,34; Middle of tile journey, by Lionel Trilling, poetry: 'The bridge', 1.1(Ap'49):26; McGorm, Frank, and Other Voices Other Rooms, by Trumari 'The climb', 1.1(Ap'49):26; fiction: 'In the beginning', l.l(Ap'49):23-4; Capote, 1.1(Ap'49):33-37; 'Homecoming in November', Middleton, O.E., Unattributed, 1.1(Ap'49):26; letter, 1.3(S'49):36,38; articl e: 'The stork', 1.3(S'49):38; 'Night in Tarras', 1.2Qe'49):18; Miles, F.F., Wilson, Pat, poetry: 'Sea change', 1.20e'49):18; article: 'A help to the reading of Gerard 'From an old portrait', 1.1(Ap'49):14; 'Shakespeare', l.l(Ap'49):26; Manley Hopkins', 1.2Qe'49):35-37; 'lsabel and the sea', 1.1(Ap'49) :14; 'Wellington', l.l(Ap'49):27; Moore, A. C., letter, 1.3(S'49):28,30; 'A second tableau', 1.1 (Ap'49):14; fiction: 'B lue Peter', 1.3(S'49):10-11; Munz, Peter, 'Time fo r bed', l.l(Ap'49):15; article: 'Why writers stop writing', article: 'An idea of hi story', 1.20e'49):5-7; 'To whom it may please you', 1.2Qe'49):26-27; 1.1(Ap'49):15; Murray-Oiiver, AA, Benda, Harry, 'Waste labour', 1.1(Ap'49):15; article: 'Film notes: "Soviet Youth Parade, letter, 1.3(S'49):36; 'World views of history', 1.20e'49):28-34; 1945'", 1.1(Ap'49):37,39; Boyd, Mary B., 'Wrapped in time's veil', 1.1(Ap'49):14; Oliver, W.H., article: 'Pacific review', L3(S'49):12-16; article: and B. Sutton-Smith, letter, poetry: 'Advice at the entrance to 1.3(S'49):28; Brasch, Charles, purgatory', 1.1(Ap'49):13; Wilson, P. j ., / poetry: 'Sea-gull s among th e mountains', 'A ballad of the sunburnt mountain', fiction: 'In the tunnel', 1.1 (Ap' 49):3-6; 1.2Qe'49):16; l.l(Ap'49):12; Campbell, Alistair, 'The old stone house', 1.3(S'49):7-9; Winchester, j.W., poetry: 'IV' ('Meeting my childhood love 'Sea legend', l.l(Ap'49):13; article: 'The widening gulf: A note on one day in magnificen t'), 1.1(Ap'49):17; 'The story of a mermaid', 1.1(Ap'49):12; Holcroft', 1.1(Ap'49):10-11; 'VII' ('Easily you move; and easily as a articles: and Hubert W itheford, editorial, Witheford, Hubert, tree:), 1.1(Ap'49):17; 1.2Qe'49):3-4; poetry: 'Afternoon', L20e'49):17; 'XII: For Bill Mabbett', 1.1(Ap'49) :1 7; 'Editori al', 1.3(S'49):3; 'At th e cavern mouth', 1.20e'49):17; 'XIII' ('Evening through the gorge'), O'Shea, John, 'Lake seen through pine branches', 1.1(Ap'49):16; fiction: 'The ants', 1.3(S'49):5-7; 1.3(S'49):17; 'XV: The gi rl at the library', l.l(Ap'49) :16- 'The magnolia Tree', 1.3(S'49):17; Robertson, R.T., 17; 'Tempest', 1.2Qe'49):16; article: 'Early America- early New 'At the fis hi ng settlement', L20e'49):1 5; 'The words', 1.3(S'49):17; Zealand', 1.1 (Ap'49):20-22; 'Girl and landscape', 1.20e'49):14; article: and W.H. Oliver, editorial, 'Landscape with figures', L20e'49):14; 1.2Qe'49):3-4; article: letter, L20e'49):38; Wright, Olive, letter, 1.3(5'49):30,32;

16 Vo/ 9 No 2 September 1999 N E W Z.E A l A N D S T U D I E S

A RAC HNE : A Literary journal rs"b""' •.,;esJ

Wellington: Victoria University College Dowling, Basil, review of Here & Now 1 (October 1949), Literary Society Qanuary 1950- February poetry: 'Themorepork', 1.2(F'51):13; 1.10a'50):41; 1951); Crocus Publishing (December 1951). 'Spring in Roxburgh', 1.2(F'51):14; 'New attitudes in New Zealand poetry', Edi torial committees: Hubert Witheford, 'Wanaka holiday', 1.2(F'51):14; review of Shadow of the Flame, Poems Eric Schwimmer, W.H. Oliver, Lorna Du Presne [sic], Yvonne, 1942-7, by Hubert Witheford, and Milw Clendon, 'and two anonymous co-editors' fiction: 'Sunday', 1.2(F'51):8-9; Eyes Dazzle, Poems 1947-49, by Alistair Qanuary 1950); W.H. Oliver, Eric Entrican, E.W., Campbell, l.2(F'51):28-31; Schwimmer, Hubert Witheford and the poetry: 'Poem' ('Sweet water bear my 'The place of Maori poetry', 1.3(D'51):1-2; Victoria University College Literary Society body down'), 1.2(F'51):8-9; ('E.S.'), 'Refuge in craftsmanship', review of PoelnJ Lo11do1117, 1.2(F'51):31; (February 1951); Louis Johnson, Eric Fraser, George, 'Valerius Flaccus as a poet', 1.2(F'51):41-44; Schwimmer, Hubert Witheford, and the article: 'The eclipse of the market', letter, l.2(F'51):38; Victoria University College Literary Society 1.2(F'51):17-20; Shaw, Helen, with associate editors Helen Shaw (Auck­ Hart-Smith, W., fiction: 'After the dark', 1.10a'50):5-8; land) and Basil Dowling (Dunedin) (Decem­ articles: letter, 1.1Qa'50):22; 'The Blind', 1.3(D'51):8-13; ber 1951). letter, 1.1Qa'50):23-24; article: 'I am the dark: The poetry of Printers: McKenzie, Thorn ton, Cooper Hervey, J.R., Ursula Bethell', 1.3(D'51):25,27-29; Qanuary 1950); Pegasus Press (February­ poetry: 'On a verandah', 1.3(D'51):15; Smithyman, Kendrick, December 1951). }ohnson, Louis, poetry: 'Song' ('Nor separation nor Quarterly (but irregular): Vol.l, no.1- Vol.l, poetry: 'Bells', 1.3(D'51):17; nearness'), 1.1Qa'50):16; no.3 Qanuary 1950 - December 1951). 'The children', 1.3(D'51):18; Spear, Charles, Noteworthy contributors: James K. Baxter, ' Dear Doctor D'Ath', 1.1Qa'50):15-16; 'Dreams', 1.3(D'51):17; poetry: '1914', 1.2(F'51):11; Charles Brasch, Al istair Campbell, Basil 'Christoph', 1.1Qa'50):4; Dowling, Yvonne du Fresne, ).R. Hervey, 'The kiss', 1.3(D'51):17; 'The music teacher: Boarding school 'Die pelzenaffen', 1.3(D'51):7; Louis Johnson, W.H. 0\iver, Eric 'Homecoming', 1.1Qa'50):2; Schwimmer, Helen Shaw, Kendrick sonnet', 1.3(D'51):18; 'Some held to love by hate: For Benjamin ' Karl' ('All day he stood at Weeping Smithyman, Charles Spear, Pat Wi\son and Cross,'), 1.10a'50):3; Hubert Witheford. Constant', 1.10a'50):15; 'What frightens most', 1.3(D'51):16; 'Karl' ('Ou tside among the talking criss­ Noteworth y artist: Mervyn Taylor. cross reeds'), 1.10a'50):2; Lockett, Cherry, 'Portrait', 1.1Qa'50):2; Nominal index: poetry: 'Legend', 1.3(D'51):13; 'Promised land', 1.10a'50):3; Alcock, Peter, 'Prayer for a wanderer', 1.3(D'51):14; 'Tancredi', l.1Qa'50):3; poetry: 'Chorus one', 1.2(F'51):16; Munz, Peter, 'Vi neta', 1.1Qa'50):4; 'Dispossession', 1.2(F'51):15; article: 'The lure of the east', review of Stockman, Frank, 'He rests. He has travelled', 1.2(F'51):16; Introductio11 to the Study of the Hindu article: ('F.S.'), 'Demonstration house: A 'Thunder in the oaks', 1.2(F'51):15; Doctri11es, by R. Guenon, 1.2(F'51):26-27; house and a handbook', l.l0a'50):37,39; article: 'The gleaming lens', 1.2(F'51):32- Ngata, W.T., Summers, John, 35; article: trans., 'Introduction to Maori letter, 1.2(F'51):36-38; Baxter, Jam es K., poetry', by Sir Apirana Ngata, poetry: 'Elegy 1944', 1.3(D'51):20-21; l.3(D'51)2-7; Unattributed, article: 'The stork', 1.1Qa'50):43; Boyd, Mary M., 0\iver, W.H., article: 'Pacific review 2', poetry: 'A figure at the window', Taylor, E. Mervyn, illustration: cover design, 1.1 aa '50) :27,29,31,33,35; l.2(F'51):12-13; l.lQa'SO) - 1.3(D'51); Brasch, Charles, articles: editorial, l.2(F'51):1-2; Trowern, Lily H., fiction: 'Happiness to Mrs article: 'Lebanon', review of Impressions of 'The empty country: An attitude to Flanagan', 1.3(D'51):31-32; a U11esco Conference, by M.H. Holcroft, Wordsworth', 1.2(F'51):2-7; VVilson, Pat, article: 'Slake on war and 1.1Qa'50):35,37; ('W.H.O.'), 'Pastor Niemoller', hunting', 1.3(D'51):22-24; Campbell, Al istair, 1.1Qa'50):39-41; Witheford, Hubert, poetry: 'Coming of spring', 1.2(F'51):10; letter, 1.1Qa'50):22-23; poetry: ('A harvest shaken on the axle­ 'Death of Hylas: Nymphs' song', Rex, H. H., tree'), 1.3(D'51):15-16; 1.2(F'51):10; article: 'Concerning Sartre', l.1Qa'50):18- articles: 'Background to a magazine', 'From the Persian', 1.2(F'51):10-11; 21; 1.2(F'51):20-23; reference to: Eric Schwimmer, 'New Schwi mJTier, Eric, ('H.W.'), 'The evaporation of social attitudes in New Zealand poetry', fiction: 'I want to torpedo you', democracy', 1.2(F'51):39-40; 1.2(F'51):28-31; 1.3(D'51):19-20; 'The Pisa11 Ca11tos', 1.1Qa'50):24-25,27; Clendon, Lorna, trans., 'The convent', by Marcel Bisiaux, reference to: Eric Schwimmer, 'New poetry: 'To E. expostulating on an 1.2(F'51):23-25; attitudes in New Zealand poetry', arrangement of Shakespeare's Sonnets', articles: trans., 'The actor', by Albert l.2(F'51):28-31; 1.1 0a'50):17; Cam us, 1.1Qa'50):10-12; articles: 'Anarchism in New Zealand', editorial, 1.1Qa'50):1; 1.1 Oa'50):8-9; 'Diary notes, 1946', 1.10a'50):13-14; letter, 1.2(F'51):36; ('E.S.'), 'Journal for the dissatisfied',

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