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2012 Rakhine State Riots
2012 Rakhine State riots The 2012 Rakhine State riots were a series of conflicts 2012 Rakhine State riots primarily between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar, though by October Part of the Persecution of Muslims in Muslims of all ethnicities had begun to be targeted.[5][6][7] The Myanmar riots started came after weeks of sectarian disputes including a Location Rakhine State, gang rape and murder of a Rakhine woman by Rohingya Myanmar [8] Muslims. On 8 June 2012, Rohingyas started to protest from Date 8 June 2012 Friday's prayers in Maungdaw township. More than a dozen (UTC+06:30) residents were killed after police started firing.[9] State of Attack Religious emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing military to type [10][11] participate in administration of the region. As of 22 Deaths June: 88[1][2][3] August, officially there had been 88 casualties – 57 Muslims and October: at least 80[4] [1] 31 Buddhists. An estimated 90,000 people were displaced by 100,000 displaced[4] the violence.[12][13] About 2,528 houses were burned; of those, 1,336 belonged to Rohingyas and 1,192 belonged to Rakhines.[14] Rohingya NGOs have accused the Burmese army and police of playing a role in targeting Rohingya through mass arrests and arbitrary violence[15] though an in-depth research by the International Crisis Group reported that members of both communities were grateful for the protection provided by the military.[16] While the government response was praised by the United States and European Union,[17][18] NGOs were more critical, citing discrimination of Rohingyas by the previous military government.[17] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and several human rights groups rejected the President Thein Sein's proposal to resettle the Rohingya abroad.[19][20] Fighting broke out again in October, resulting in at least 80 deaths, the displacement of more than 20,000 people, and the burning of thousands of homes. -
Influx of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh by A.S.M
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 21 Issue 1 Version 1.0 Year 2021 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Influx of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh By A.S.M. Firoz-Ul-Hassan Jahangirnagar University Abstract- The Rohingya crisis has ascended as a potential threat to Bangladesh's inside steadiness. Strangely, Bangladesh is currently facilitating around a million displaced Rohingya people which outcomes in genuine worry of national security. Although the repatriation of Rohingya to their homeland will be ambiguous in coming days and at the same time, their stay in Bangladesh might be continuing for a longer period of time. Bangladesh government is struggling as well to control and manage migration risks undermining public confidence in the integrity of government policy. Bangladesh government has been making diplomatic efforts in persuading Myanmar to repatriate the refugees over months but in reality, it is highly unlikely the Bangladesh government will succeed in sending the refugees back to Myanmar in any shortest possible time. Apart from keeping diplomatic efforts continue for their repatriation to Myanmar, Bangladesh government should have appropriate security strategy for addressing the concern of security until arriving in an amicable solution of this prolonged crisis. The paper attempts to discover the potential threat of Rohingya refugees towards the national security as well as to understand the progress Bangladesh has made so far for their repatriation to Myanmar. Keywords: rohingya, stateless community, livelihood, national security and repatriation. GJHSS-F Classification: FOR Code: 360199 InfluxofRohingyaRefugeesinBangladesh Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2021. -
Intercommunal Violence Incarnated: the Persecution of Rohingya Ethnicity in Rakhine, Myanmar
Intercommunal Violence Incarnated: The Persecution of Rohingya Ethnicity in Rakhine, Myanmar Journal of Living Together (2018) Volume 4-5, Issue 1, pp. 37-49 ISSN: 2373-6615 (Print); 2373-6631 (Online) Intercommunal Violence Incarnated: The Persecution of Rohingya Ethnicity in Rakhine, Myanmar Beth Fang Columbia University 37 Intercommunal Violence Incarnated: The Persecution of Rohingya Ethnicity in Rakhine, Myanmar Journal of Living Together (2018) Volume 4-5, Issue 1 Abstract The Rohingya refugee crises in Bangladesh and recent UN Security Council’s debate on whether to prosecute Burmese military general for genocide once again brought the Rakhine-Rohingya conflict to public attention. As this research aims to inspect the Rakhine-Rohingya relation, I will be analyzing the series of riots that occurred in 2012 and ended as the 2016 crackdown started. This incident epitomizes the resurgence of the persecution of Rohingya Muslims. It marks a new turning point of the conflict between the Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims residing in the Rakhine state of Myanmar. A case study approach will be taken to develop a comprehensive understanding of the issues, and thus provide adequate facts and evidences for making recommendations. Keywords: Myanmar, Rohingya refugees, interethnic conflict, interreligious conflict, conflict resolution, peacebuilding, sustainable peace 38 Intercommunal Violence Incarnated: The Persecution of Rohingya Ethnicity in Rakhine, Myanmar Journal of Living Together (2018) Volume 4-5, Issue 1 Introduction Multiculturalism in Myanmar is headlined by the, pp.intercommunal 43-55 violence between Buddhists and Muslims in the Rakhine state, southwest of Myanmar. The country is predominantly Buddhist with a growing Muslim population. A long-history of Muslim enslavement by Burma-Buddhists and perceived religious superiority of being Buddhist have caused ongoing quarrels interfering the peaceful coexistence of the two religious groups (Royal Historical Commission of Burma, 1960; World Bank, 2014). -
Vidya Tama Saputra.Pdf
DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember DISKRIMINASI ETNIS ROHINGYA OLEH PEMERINTAH MYANMAR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST ETHNIC ROHINGYA BY GOVERNMENT OF MYANMAR SKRIPSI diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi syarat-syarat untuk menyelesaikan Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional (S1) dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Sosial Oleh: VIDYA TAMA SAPUTRA NIM 050910101033 JURUSAN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2010 DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan untuk: 1.) Almamater Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember; 2.) Keluarga dan teman-teman yang telah memberikan dukungan untuk penyelesaian skripsi ini; 3.) Pihak-pihak lainnya yang tidak mungkin disebutkan secara keseluruhan, penulis sampaikan terima kasih atas dukungannya. ii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember MOTTO “Jadilah Orang Baik” iii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember HALAMAN PERNYATAAN Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini. Nama : Vidya Tama Saputra NIM : 050910101033 Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa karya tulis ilmiah yang berjudul: ” Diskriminasi Etnis Rohingya Oleh Pemerintah Myanmar” adalah benar-benar hasil karya sendiri, kecuali jika disebutkan sumbernya dan belum pernah diajukan pada institusi manapun, serta bukan karya jiplakan. Saya bertanggung jawab atas keabsahan kebenaran isinya sesuai dengan sikap ilmiah -
Statelessness in Myanmar
Statelessness in Myanmar Country Position Paper May 2019 Country Position Paper: Statelessness in Myanmar CONTENTS Summary of main issues ..................................................................................................................... 3 Relevant population data ................................................................................................................... 4 Rohingya population data .................................................................................................................. 4 Myanmar’s Citizenship law ................................................................................................................. 5 Racial Discrimination ............................................................................................................................... 6 Arbitrary deprivation of nationality ....................................................................................................... 7 The revocation of citizenship.................................................................................................................. 7 Failure to prevent childhood statelessness.......................................................................................... 7 Lack of naturalisation provisions ........................................................................................................... 8 Civil registration and documentation practices .............................................................................. 8 Lack of Access and Barriers -
Print This Article
Volume 22, Number 1, 2015 ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ، ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ١، ٢٠١٥ : W C I I - C C M. A. Kevin Brice ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ: C C M’ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ D T: C S R ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ Ahmad Suaedy & Muhammad Haz ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻒ S M C I B: T ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻼﻳﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ: I S G P ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺭﻧﻴﻮ Friederike Trotier ﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ E-ISSN: 2355-6145 STUDIA ISLAMIKA STUDIA ISLAMIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Vol. 22, no. 1, 2015 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyumardi Azra MANAGING EDITOR Ayang Utriza Yakin EDITORS Saiful Mujani Jamhari Jajat Burhanudin Oman Fathurahman Fuad Jabali Ali Munhanif Saiful Umam Ismatu Ropi Dadi Darmadi INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD M. Quraish Shihab (Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA) Tauk Abdullah (Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), INDONESIA) Nur A. Fadhil Lubis (State Islamic University of Sumatera Utara, INDONESIA) M.C. Ricklefs (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Martin van Bruinessen (Utrecht University, NETHERLANDS) John R. Bowen (Washington University, USA) M. Kamal Hasan (International Islamic University, MALAYSIA) Virginia M. Hooker (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Edwin P. Wieringa (Universität zu Köln, GERMANY) Robert W. Hefner (Boston University, USA) Rémy Madinier (Centre national de la recherche scientique (CNRS), FRANCE) R. Michael Feener (National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE) Michael F. Laffan (Princeton University, USA) ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Testriono Muhammad Nida' Fadlan ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Shirley Baker ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Nursamad Tb. Ade Asnawi COVER DESIGNER S. Prinka STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492; E-ISSN: 2355-6145) is an international journal published by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA. -
IS Entry Into Rakhine Conflict : Urgency in Nation‑Building
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. IS entry into Rakhine conflict : urgency in nation‑building Jasminder Singh; Muhammad Haziq Jani 2021 Jasminder Singh, & Muhammad Haziq Jani. (2021). IS entry into Rakhine conflict : urgency in nation‑building. (RSIS Commentaries, No. 005). RSIS Commentaries. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146472 Nanyang Technological University Downloaded on 30 Sep 2021 04:00:43 SGT IS Entry into Rakhine Conflict: Urgency in Nation-Building By Jasminder Singh & Muhammad Haziq Jani SYNOPSIS The entry of the IS affiliate in Myanmar, Katibah al-Mahdi fi Bilad al-Arakan, could potentially intensify communal violence in Rakhine State. Myanmar’s long-term solution lies in nation-building, which must be intensified in the new year. COMMENTARY IS’ EARLY attempts to insert itself into the communal conflict in Rakhine seemed to have manifested, at best, in tenuous support for the Rohingya; it referenced the need for jihad in Myanmar. In June 2014, when self-proclaimed caliph Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi announced the so-called Islamic State (IS) in his speech that also called for jihad in Myanmar, he promised revenge for atrocities committed against Muslims. In 2016, the amir of IS affiliate in Bangladesh (or IS Bengal) Abu Ibrahim al-Hanif reiterated the call for jihad, viewing Bangladesh as a stepping stone to Myanmar. Other pro-IS groups in Bangladesh also called for jihad in Myanmar to support the Rohingya, including key IS affiliate Neo-Jamaatul Mujahidin Bangladesh. Rise of ARSA Such calls to jihad in Myanmar were also sounded by pro-IS groups in Pakistan and India, such as the Lashkar-e-Toiba and Indian Mujahidin, as well as IS supporters in Southeast Asia. -
Internal Labour Migration in Myanmar: Building an Evidence-Base on Patterns in Migration, Human Trafficking
Internal Labour Migration in Myanmar Building an evidence-base on patterns in migration, human trafficking and forced labour International Labour Organization ILO Liaison Officer for Myanmar Report prepared by Kimberly Rogovin Myanmar translation by Daw Thet Hnin Aye Copyright © International Labour Organization 2015 First published 2015 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Internal labour migration in Myanmar: building an evidence-base on patterns in migration, human trafficking and forced labour; International Labour Organization, ILO Liaison Officer for Myanmar. - Yangon: ILO, 2015 x, 106 p. ISBN: 9789221303916; 9789221303923 (web pdf) International Labour Organization; ILO Liaison Officer for Myanmar labour migration / internal migration / trafficking in persons / forced labour / trend / methodology / Myanmar 14.09.1 Also available in Myanmar: ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ျပည္တြင္းေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းအလုပ္သမားမ်ား ျပည္တြင္းေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းအလုပ္ လုပ္ကုိင္ျခင္း၊ လူကုန္ကူးျခင္း၊ အဓမၼအလုပ္ခုိင္းေစမွႈဆုိင္ရာ ပုံစံမ်ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ေသာ အေထာက္အထားအေျချပဳသက္ေသ တည္ေဆာက္ျခင္း (ISBN 9789228303919), Yangon, 2015. -
Introduction
Forum: Human Rights Committee 2 Issue: Reviewing the Human Rights situation in Myanmar Student Officer: Khalifa Elmagarmid Position: Deputy President Introduction During the Second World War, Burma, which is now referred to as Myanmar, was being ruled by the British. However, when the Japanese invaded, the Buddhist chose to support them while the Rohingyas stayed loyal to the British. Despite the British winning the war, the minority Rohingyas were portrayed as the enemies. Even after the war, when Myanmar gained independence, the Rohingyas were blamed for the economic turmoil of the country. Since the start of this internal conflict about 379,000 Rohingyas have fled to Bangladesh, a neighbouring country, as most villages have been burned. The Rohingya are the Muslim minority group in a Buddhist majority Rakhine state. The country of Myanmar has subjected the Rohingyas to torture specifically because of their religious affiliations. The torture is focused in Rakhine although it is also happening in Map of Myanmar Myanmar. This discrimination requires immediate attention as not only are they being denied citizenship, but they're also being murdered and are then choosing to leave their belongings in hopes of starting another life. This ethnic cleansing raises numerous questions surrounding human rights. The Bangladesh's Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has told Myanmar to allow their citizens back, however this has been ignored. The leader of the military, Gen Min Aung Hlaing, said that the country "could not accept and recognise the term 'Rohingya' by hiding the truth". This was said to support the government's claim that the Rohingya are actually from Bangladesh while the Buddhists are originally from Myanmar; the claim is that on March 1942, “Rohingya”, a made up name, was used to cover up their true origins. -
The Rohingya Crisis
Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly XLVII United Nations Security Council: Rohingya Crisis Topic 002: The Rohingya Crisis The Rohingya Crisis is the world’s fastest growing refugee crisis and a major humanitarian problem1. It thus affects Myanmar, surrounding nations, and the rest of the world2. The Security Council is tasked with ending the crisis and determining what to do with Rohingya refugees. Furthermore, the Council must determine how to approach the Burmese government. It must take into account previous statements by the United Nations and the 2018 conflict between the Burmese government and the UN. A complicated history, uncooperative nations, and millions of lives at stake make this one of the greatest humanitarian crises of our time. It is imperative that the Security Council quickly and effectively find a solution. 1 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41566561 2 Ibid. Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly XLVII United Nations Security Council: Rohingya Crisis History The Rohingya are the historic people of Arakan, a large area on the western coast of Myanmar3. The first recorded civilization in Arakan was ethnically Indian, with Islam and the group now ethnically known as the Rohingya appearing the 8th or 9th century. The Burmese Rakhine seem to have arrived in small numbers no earlier than the late 10th century, most likely the 11th. Arakan then became a part of the Bengal Muslim Kingdom of Mrauk U. Rakhine State (the modern name for the area dominated by the Rohingya) then became a British colony, and then a constituent state of Burma. Tensions between the Buddhist state and Muslim Rohingya was always present, but spiked in 1978 and 1991-92, when the military junta actively persecuted Rohingya. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 6 September 2013
United Nations A/HRC/24/NGO/92 General Assembly Distr.: General 6 September 2013 English only Human Rights Council Twenty-fourth session Agenda item 4 Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention Written statement* submitted by International Educational Development, Inc., a non-governmental organization on the roster The Secretary-General has received the following written statement which is circulated in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 1996/31. [22 August 2013] * This written statement is issued, unedited, in the language(s) received from the submitting non- governmental organization(s). GE.13- 16725 A/HRC/24/NGO/92 Treatment of ethnic nationalities in Myanmar * International Educational Development, Inc. (IED) and the Association of Humanitarian Lawyers (AHL) have monitored the situation in Myanmar for 23 years. 1 We have submitted written statements and made oral ones at many sessions and have been twice invited by the United States Congress to present testimony at hearings. In our statement for the UN Human Rights Council’s 22 nd session, we called attention to the ethnic conflict between the national government and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) which had extended well beyond the time of the national government’s assurances to the international community that a lasting peace was a priority and surely well at hand. In spite of a visible peace agreement between the government and the KIA in late May, in recent days alleged government-backed militias have attacked KIA installations. According to The Irrawaddy , a government-backed militia called the Kachin Border Guard Force attacked Kachin bases in two towns in the Pangwa region. -
Birma: Centrum Kontra Peryferie
Michał Lubina Birma: centrum kontra peryferie Kwestia etniczna we współczesnej Birmie (1948 – 2013) Kraków 2014 © Copyright by Michał Lubina Publikacja dofinansowana przez Towarzystwo Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Recenzja: dr hab. Hubert Królikowski, prof. UJ Konsultacje naukowe: dr hab. Bogdan Góralczyk, prof. UW dr Grażyna Szymańska-Matusiewicz Magdalena Kozłowska Redakcja techniczna: Wojciech Marcinek ISBN 978-83-937321-9-7 Wydawca: Krakowska Oficyna Naukowa TEKST 31-216 Kraków, Bobrzeckiej 9, www.kon-tekst.pl Druk: Eikon Plus, Kraków Nakład: do 200 egz. Rodzicom, którzy nauczyli mnie ciekawości i szacunku do świata w podzięce za nieustanne wsparcie Spis treści Wstęp 9 Rozdział I. Birma w ujęciu teoretyczno-metodologicznym i historiografii 13 Periodyzacja i struktura pracy 13 Krytyka źródeł 28 Uwagi odnośnie pisowni i nazw własnych 32 Birma czy Mjanma (Myanmar)? 33 Rozdział II. Charakterystyka etniczna Birmy 37 Najważniejsze grupy etniczne Birmy 41 Rozdział III. Birma do 1948 roku. Przyczyny konfliktu centrum – peryferie 57 Od centrum ku peryferiom. Charakter prekolonialnej monarchii birmańskiej 57 „Dwie Birmy”. Kolonializm a kwestia etniczna 60 Birmański ruch narodowy a kwestia etniczna 69 Okupacja japońska (1942-1945) 77 W przededniu niepodległości (1945-1948) 85 Podsumowanie 99 Rozdział IV. Kwestia etniczna w parlamentarnej Birmie (1948-1962) 101 Sytuacja wewnętrzna w kraju w latach 1948-1962 102 Początek wojny domowej 106 Komuniści 107 Karenowie. Konflikt „lewicowców” i „prawicowców” w armii 109 Walki birmańsko-kareńskie. Oblężenie Rangunu (1949) 114 Sytuacja wewnętrzna w latach 50-tych. Wzrost znaczenia armii 119 Inwazja Kuomintangu (1950) 123 Sytuacja wewnętrzna w Birmie w połowie lat 50-tych 127 5 Pierwszy zamach stanu armii (1958) i rząd przejściowy generała Ne Wina (1958-1960) 135 Cywilne Interregnum (1960-1962) 138 Drugi zamach stanu Ne Wina (1962) 145 Podsumowanie 147 Rozdział V.