DOCSLIB.ORG

The Endocrine System in Sports and Exercise

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE VOLUME XI OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF SPORTS MEDICINE AN IOC MEDICAL COMMISSION PUBLICATION IN COLLABORATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SPORTS MEDICINE EDITED BY WILLIAM J. KRAEMER AND ALAN D. ROGOL THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE VOLUME XI OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF SPORTS MEDICINE AN IOC MEDICAL COMMISSION PUBLICATION IN COLLABORATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SPORTS MEDICINE EDITED BY WILLIAM J. KRAEMER AND ALAN D. ROGOL © 2005 International Olympic Committee Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of the Authors to be identified as the Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2005 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The endocrine system in sports and exercise / edited by W.J. Kraemer and A.D. Rogol. p. ; cm. a (The encyclopaedia of sports medicine ; v. 11) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3017-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-3017-2 (alk. paper) 1. Endocrine glands. 2. ExerciseaPhysiological aspects. 3. SportsaPhysiological aspects. [DNLM: 1. Exerciseaphysiology. 2. Endocrine Systemaphysiology. 3. Sportsa physiology. QT 260 E556 2005] I. Kraemer, William J., 1953– II. Rogol, Alan David, 1941– III. Series. QP187.3.E93E53 2005 612.4—dc22 2004026395 ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3017-2 ISBN-10: 1-4051-3017-2 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 9/12pt Palatino by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed and bound in India by Gopsons Papers Ltd, Noida Commissioning Editor: Andy Robinson Project Manager: Alice Nelson Development Editor: Nick Morgan Production Controller: Kate Charman For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. Contents List of Contributors, viii 7 Growth Hormone Variants and Human Exercise, 77 Foreword, xii wesley c. hymer, richard e. grindeland, bradley c. nindl and Preface, xiii william j. kraemer 8 Growth Hormone Binding Proteins, 94 1 Introduction, 1 gerhard baumann alan d. rogol and william j. kraemer 9 Resistance Exercise: Acute and Chronic Changes in Growth Hormone Concentrations, 2 Basic Principles and Mechanisms of 110 Endocrinology, 8 william j. kraemer, bradley c. nindl michael r. deschenes and and scott e. gordon keiichiro dohi 10 The Growth Hormone Response to Acute and 3 Exercise Testing: a Bridge Between the Chronic Aerobic Exercise, 122 High-Tech and the Humanathe Need for arthur l. weltman, laurie wideman, Innovative Technologies, 25 judy y. weltman and johannes d. dan m. cooper veldhuis 4 Measurement of Peptide Hormones, 36 11 Proopiomelanocortin and Exercise, 134 martin bidlingmaier, zida wu and heinz w. harbach and christian j. strasburger gunter hempelmann 5 Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Substances 12 Introduction to the Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Doping Control, 47 Signaling System, 156 mario thevis and wilhelm schänzer charles t. roberts, jr 6 The Reproductive Axis, 69 13 Exercise, Training and the GH–IGF-I Axis, 165 johannes d. veldhuis and alon eliakim, dan nemet and arthur l. weltman dan m. cooper v vi contents 14 The Role of MGF and Other IGF-I Splice 23 Resistance Exercise and Testosterone, 319 Variants in Muscle Maintenance and atko viru and mehis viru Hypertrophy, 180 geoffrey goldspink, shi yu yang, 24 Exercise Response of β-Endorphin mahjabeen hameed, stephen and Cortisol: Implications on Immune harridge and pierre bouloux Function, 339 allan h. goldfarb 15 Adrenal Gland: Fight or Flight Implications for Exercise and Sports, 194 25 Neuroendocrine Modulation of the Immune michael kjær System with Exercise and Muscle Damage, 345 mary p. miles 16 The Adrenal Medulla: Proenkephalins and Exercise Stress, 200 26 The Impact of Exercise on Immunity: jill a. bush and n. travis triplett the Role of Neuroendocrine–Immune Communications, 368 andrea m. mastro and 17 Exercise and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary– robert h. bonneau Adrenal Axis, 217 warrick j. inder and gary a. wittert 27 Exercise Regulation of Insulin Action in Skeletal Muscle, 388 richard c. ho, oscar alcazar and 18 Influence of Energy Availability on laurie j. goodyear Luteinizing Hormone Pulsatility and Menstrual Cyclicity, 232 anne b. loucks 28 Hormone and Exercise-Induced Modulation of Bone Metabolism, 408 clifford j. rosen 19 Oral Contraceptive Use and Physical Performance, 250 29 Diet and Hormonal Responses: Potential jaci l. vanheest, carrie e. mahoney Impact on Body Composition, 426 and carol d. rodgers jeff s. volek and matthew j. sharman 20 Energy Balance and Exercise-Associated Menstrual Cycle Disturbances: Practical and 30 Neurohumoral Responses and Adaptations Clinical Considerations, 261 During Rest and Exercise at Altitude, 444 nancy i. williams and beth a. beidleman, janet e. staab mary jane de souza and ellen l. glickman 21 Regulation of Testicular Function: Changes 31 Neuroendocrine Influences on Temperature in Reproductive Hormones During Exercise, Regulation in Hot Environments, 466 Recovery, Nutritional Deprivation and lawrence e. armstrong and Illness, 279 jack a. boulant shalender bhasin 32 Alterations in Arginine Vasopressin with 22 Hormonal and Growth Factor-Related Exercise, Environmental Stress and Other Mechanisms Involved in the Adaptation of Modifying Factors, 487 Skeletal Muscle to Exercise, 306 carl m. maresh and fawzi kadi daniel a. judelson contents vii 33 Human Endocrine Responses to 36 Growth Hormone and Sport, 544 Exercise–Cold Stress, 499 jennifer d. wallace and john w. castellani and ross c. cuneo david w. degroot 37 Endocrinology of Overtraining, 578 34 Growth, Maturation and Hormonal andrew c. fry, juergen m. Changes During Puberty: Influence of steinacker and romain meeusen Sport Training, 512 james n. roemmich 38 Endocrinology of Sport Competition, 600 jay r. hoffman 35 Effects of Testosterone and Related Androgens on Athletic Performance in Men, 525 karl e. friedl Index, 613 List of Contributors OSCAR ALCAZAR PhD, Research Division, Joslin PIERRE BOULOUX MD, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Royal Free and University College Medical School, Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA University of London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK LAWRENCE E. ARMSTRONG PhD, Departments of Kinesiology and Physiology-Neurobiology, JILL A. BUSHPhD, Laboratory of Integrated University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA GERHARD BAUMANN MD, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, JOHN W. CASTELLANI PhD, Thermal and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute Veterans Administration Chicago Health Care System, 303 for Environmental Medicine, 42 Kansas Street, Natick, MA East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA 01760-5007, USA BETH A. BEIDLEMAN DSc, Biophysics and DAN M. COOPER MD, Center for the Study of Biomedical Modeling Division, US Army Research Institute Health Effects of Exercise in Children, Department for Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA of Pediatrics, Irvine College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA SHALENDER BHASIN MD, UCLA School of Medicine, Drew-UCLA Reproductive Science Research ROSS C. CUNEO PhD, Department of Diabetes Center, Division of Endocinology, Metabolism and and Endocrinology, University of Queensland, Princess Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Alexandra Hospital, 4102 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA MARTIN BIDLINGMAIER MD, DAVID W. DEGROOT MS, Thermal and Neuroendocrine Unit, Medizinische Klinik—Innenstadt, Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute Klinikum der LMU, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, for Environmental Medicine, 42 Kansas Street, Natick, MA Germany 01760-5007, USA ROBERT H. BONNEAU PhD, Department of MICHAEL R. DESCHENES PhD, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State of Kinesiology, The College of William and Mary, University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA MARY JANE DE SOUZA PhD, Women’s JACK A. BOULANT PhD, Department of Exercise and Bone Health Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University College Education and Health, 52 Harbord Street, University of of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada viii
Recommended publications
  • An Annotated Bibliography of Current Research in the Field of the Medical Problems of Trumpet Playing

    An Annotated Bibliography of Current Research in the Field of the Medical Problems of Trumpet Playing

    AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF THE MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF TRUMPET PLAYING D.M.A. Document Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School at The Ohio State University By Mark Alan Wade, B.M., M.M. ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Document Committee: Professor Timothy Leasure, Adviser Approved by Professor Alan Green Dr. Russel Mikkelson ________________________ Adviser Graduate Program in Music ABSTRACT The very nature of the lifestyle of professional trumpet players is conducive to the occasional medical problem. The life-hours of diligent practice and performance that make a performer capable of musical expression on the trumpet also can cause a host of overuse and repetitive stress ailments. Other medical problems can arise through no fault of the performer or lack of technique, such as the brain disease Task-Specific Focal Dystonia. Ailments like these fall into several large categories and have been individually researched by medical professionals. Articles concerning this narrow field of research are typically published in their respective medical journals, such as the Journal of Applied Physiology . Articles whose research is pertinent to trumpet or horn, the most similar brass instruments with regard to pitch range, resistance and the intrathoracic pressures generated, are often then presented in the instruments’ respective journals, ITG Journal and The Horn Call. Most articles about the medical problems affecting trumpet players are not published in scholarly music journals such as these, rather, are found in health science publications. Herein lies the problem for both musician and doctor; the wealth of new information is not effectively available for dissemination across fields.
  • RECRUITING for DIFFERENCE and DIVERSITY in the U.S. MILITARY by JEREMIAH B. FAVARA a DISSERTATION Presented to the School of J

    RECRUITING for DIFFERENCE and DIVERSITY in the U.S. MILITARY by JEREMIAH B. FAVARA a DISSERTATION Presented to the School of J

    RECRUITING FOR DIFFERENCE AND DIVERSITY IN THE U.S. MILITARY by JEREMIAH B. FAVARA A DISSERTATION Presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2017 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Jeremiah B. Favara Title: Recruiting for Difference and Diversity in the U.S. Military This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the School of Journalism and Communication by: Carol Stabile Chair Gretchen Soderlund Core Member Christopher Chávez Core Member Dan HoSang Core Member CJ Pascoe Institutional Representative and Sara D. Hodges Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2017. ii © 2017 Jeremiah B. Favara iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Jeremiah B. Favara Doctor of Philosophy School of Journalism and Communication September 2017 Title: Recruiting for Difference and Diversity in the U.S. Military After shifting to an all-volunteer force (AVF) in 1973, the U.S. military was forced to expand recruiting efforts beyond the ideal figure of the white male soldier in order to meet personnel needs. Shaped by the economic realities of the AVF, such recruiting efforts sought to show individuals historically excluded from military service, namely women and people of color, that there was a place for them in the military. The presence of women and people of color in recruitment materials contributes to ideals of citizenship and articulates understanding of gender, race, sexuality, and class in relation to military inclusion.
  • Dysfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in HIV Infection and Disease

    Dysfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in HIV Infection and Disease

    HORMONES 2008, 7(3):205-216 Review Dysfunction of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis in HIV infection and disease Evangelia Zapanti1, Konstantinos Terzidis1, George Chrousos2 11st Department of Endocrinology, “Alexandra” Hospital, Athens, 2Endocrine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Athens University School of Medicine, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece ABSTRACT Abnormalities of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis have been documented in HIV patients in the early as well as late stages of the infection and range from subtle subclini- cal disturbances to frank adrenal insufficiency. Potential etiologies of these disorders include opportunistic infections, neoplasms, drugs administered to treat infections, cytokine abnor- malities associated with the HIV disease process and acquired alterations in tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids. In this article, we present a concise review of HPA abnormalities in HIV infection and disease with regard to their etiology with emphasis on syndromes of hypersen- sitivity/resistance to glucocorticoids associated with antiviral medications and/or the HIV infection itself. Key words: AIDS, Glucocorticoid hypersensitivity, Glucocorticoid resistance, HIV, HPA axis, Vpr INTRODUCTION peptide that plays a central role in coordinating the HPA axis and the systemic response to stress,3 act- HPA axis ing as the main physiologic ACTH stimulus.4 ACTH The HPA axis and the systemic sympathetic/ad- leads to secretion of cortisol (F) and other adrenal renomedullary (sympathoadrenal) system are the steroids, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) peripheral branches of the stress system, whose main and aldosterone.5 function is to maintain basal and stress-related ho- meostasis.1 Biologic, physical or psychologic stimuli The HPA axis and the immune-inflammatory activate the stress system, including the HPA axis.
  • The Press and the Historical Development of Three Women's Intercollegiate Athletic

    The Press and the Historical Development of Three Women's Intercollegiate Athletic

    THE PRESS :\ND THE HISTORIC\L DEVELOPl\lF>JT or THREE WOJ\IEN'S 1NTI2RCOLLEGL\TE ATHLETIC PROGR:\l\1S IN THE UPPER l\11DWFS1', 1950-1980 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Facultv of the North Dakota State Uni\·ersitv of Agriculture and Applied Science Th Danielle :\nn Teigen In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of f\IASTER OF ARTS i\fajor Department: Communication Degree: :t\Iass Communication :\pril 2011 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title The Press and the Historical Development of Three Women's Intercollegiate Athletic Programs in the Upper Midwest, 1950-1980 By Danielle Teiaen The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University's regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS North Dakota State University Libraries Addendum To protect the privacy of individuals associated with the document, signatures have been removed from the digital version of this docmnent. ABSTRACT Teigen, Danielle Ann, T\L\., Department of Communication, College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, North Dakota State University, April 2011. The Press and the Historical Development of Three Women's Intercollegiate Athletic Programs in the L:pper Midwest, 19 50-1980. Major Professor: Dr. Ross Collins. r rom 1950-1980, women's intercollegiate athletic programs experienced exponential growth, with newspapers rarely detailing the journey until Title IX passed in 1972. This project examined how women's athletics developed at North Dakota State University, the Uni,·ersity of North Dakota, and Minnesota State University Moorhead, as well as the correlating press con:rage.
  • I/QL XIVI NO. 4 MERCYHU OCTOBER 5, 1973

    I/QL XIVI NO. 4 MERCYHU OCTOBER 5, 1973

    i/QL XIVI NO. 4 MERCYHU OCTOBER 5, 1973 LAW NEWIPROGRAM Eriei&ij by Sue-Weiner M Hurst |M&Vtf4 Irkernship The Erie commumtv has every right to*be proud ofsMercyhurst by John? Sullivan College. Whereas most private liberal» arts colleges are operating on | deficit budgets, Mercyhurst has a budget written '•Afcfflft in J black ink. 4 Whereas I most private liberal arts colleges are suffering from j a I decline tin enrollment, Mercyhurst has a record enrollment this fall of 1,469 students, 798 women and 671 men. This year alone brought 452 new students to the college, 362 of these collegians are freshmen and the remaining 90 are transfer students from 41 colleges and universities throughout the United States. J Under i President Marion L. Shane, now in his second year in the office of the president, Mercyhurst is attempting to develop a ^liberal curriculum which will meet both the life and NS. the career needs of its students. Wi «§I Mercyhurst also is finding ways •..-. :•: :*.•. >• >;vxiCs to provide educational op­ portunities for these citizens who ISNET MOUHEDIN are outside of the traditional 18- For the first time, the Division techniques will be using the new to-22-year-oldfc group. One result of Creative* Arts offers a con­ ballet bar which was to be in­ • has been the highly successful centration in dance. This addition stalled inEWeber HallUhis past ' Colleger of Older Americans brings the artistic director of the week. The Erie Ballet isawaiting, Efie Civic Ballet to Mercyhurst the placing of a? new floors in BARRY GROSSMAN established in the summer of 1972 as|an instructor.^The director, Weber so that rehearsals?may and which is currently serving f Dr.
  • Endocrinology and Reproduction

    Endocrinology and Reproduction

    Endocrinology and Reproduction Elisabet Stener-Victorin, Professor, PhD Reproductive Endocrinology and Metabolism (REM) group Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] General Consepts of Endocrine Control Hormone – Greek hormaein = ”excite” . Autocrine signalling e.g. interleukin-1 in lymphocytes . Paracrine signalling e.g. growth and clotting factors . Endocrine signalling all circulating hormones Classical Endocrine Organs Other ”non-classical” hormone glands e.g. CNS . Kidney . Stomach . Small intestine . Skin . Heart . Lung . Placenta Katch et al Essentials of Exercise Physiol. Figure 12.1 Hormones Controls and Regulates . Reproduction including gamete production, fertilization, nourishment of the embryo and fetus . Growth and development . Regulates ion and water balance . Regulates cellular metabolism and energy balance . Mobilize the immun system by responding to infection, trauma, and emotional stress Homeostasis . Maintance of steady states by coordinated physiological mechanisms . Contributes to homeostasis by controlling availablity of substrates and metabolism . Regulating body fluid and ion balance Homeostasis – like thermostat in the room Body temperature ~ 37ºC Blood glucose 4.4 – 6.1 mM Ca2+ 4.1 – 5.2 mg/dL Phosphate 0.8 – 1.5 mM How is homestasis achived? Endocrine system : 1. Gland 2. Hormone - receptor 3. Target organ - response Katch et al Essentials of Exercise Physiol. Figure 12.2 Principles for Feed-back Negative Positive (rare) Endocrine Endocrine cell cell A A Target Target Endocrine Endocrine cell cell B B Biological effect Biological effect Principles for Feed-back and Biorythm Complex multilevel . Long feedback loop Hypo- thalamus . Active hormone regulates the hypothalamus Releasing . Short feedback loop hormone . Active hormone regulates pituitary Anterior pituitary Target hormone Target Biorytm - Pulsatile release Endocrine .
  • 11Xx SMA SH Smr05 Int .Indd

    11Xx SMA SH Smr05 Int .Indd

    VOLUME 22 – ISSUE 4 • S U M M E R 2 0 0 5 Incorporating The Bulletin Opinions expressed throughout this journal are the Contents contributor’s own and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of Sports Medicine Australia (SMA). Members and readers are advised that SMA cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of statements made in advertisements nor the quality of the goods or services advertised. All materials copyright. FROM THE CEO ___________________________________________ 2 On-acceptance of an article for publication, copyright passes to the publisher. Wrestling the heat demon Publisher Sports Medicine Australia PO Box 237 Dickson ACT 2602 Tel: (02) 6230 4650 DR J __________________________________________________ 4 Fax: (02) 6230 5908 Email: [email protected] A safe and level playing field should be the goal of drugs in sport policy Web: www.sma.org.au Circulation: 5000 ISSN No. 1032-5662 Editors DRUGS AND SPORT ________________________________________ 8 John Orchard Kerry Mummery Government discussion paper: investigating doping in sport Managing Editor Options for “independent and transparent” way to investigate doping Dominic Nagle Chief Executive Officer allegations Gary Moorhead Alcohol and sport: same again? Subscription Manager Joyce McClune Maurie O’Connor Design/Typesetting Levitate Graphic Design, Canberra. SMA STATE BRANCHES UNCOVERING THE SECRET OF THE DON: BRADMAN RE-ASSESSED _______16 ACT ACT Sports House Paul Glazier, Keith Davids, Ian Renshaw, Chris Button 100 Maitland St Hackett ACT 2602 Tel: (02) 6247 5115
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Dominican Baseball An

    UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Dominican Baseball An

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Dominican Baseball An Exploration of the Modern Major League Baseball Academy System A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Art Latin American Studies by Andrew Mitchel 2020 © Copyright by Andrew Mitchel 2020 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Dominican Baseball An Exploration of the Modern Major League Baseball Academy System by Andrew Mitchel Master in Latin American Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2020 Professors Bonnie Taub, Co-Chair Professor Lauren Derby, Co-Chair This project is about Major League Baseball’s (MLB) developmental academies in the Dominican Republic (henceforth D.R.). Athletes from across Latin America, once signed, begin at this first level of Minor League Baseball to prove their sporting abilities, learn English and become consummate professionals. This thesis concerns both the history of the United States (U.S.)-D.R. relationship through the lens of baseball, and ethnographic fieldwork completed at one MLB academy in the D.R. in summer 2019. The research included watching Dominican Summer League games, touring the facility, interviewing staff and sitting in on a high school equivalency course. It analyzes various so-called ‘signs of universality’ as to how baseball is played worldwide: language/ritual, camaraderie, food, education and masculinity. The historical context surrounding the relationship between the nations shows how the baseball academy is one just type of neoliberal and neocolonial enclave in the Dominican Republic. Concluding thoughts cover where this system stands as of 2020 and what can be done to ensure ideal conditions for these teenage players. Keywords: anthropology of sport; U.S.-D.R.
  • The Adrenal Cortex and Life Gavin P

    The Adrenal Cortex and Life Gavin P

    The Adrenal Cortex and Life Gavin P. Vinson To cite this version: Gavin P. Vinson. The Adrenal Cortex and Life. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Elsevier, 2009, 300 (1-2), pp.2. 10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.008. hal-00532077 HAL Id: hal-00532077 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00532077 Submitted on 4 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Title: The Adrenal Cortex and Life Author: Gavin P. Vinson PII: S0303-7207(08)00405-X DOI: doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.008 Reference: MCE 6977 To appear in: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Received date: 29-7-2008 Revised date: 4-9-2008 Accepted date: 5-9-2008 Please cite this article as: Vinson, G.P., The Adrenal Cortex and Life, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (2008), doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.008 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form.
  • DOCUMENT RESUME ED 134 022 FL 008 336 AUTHOR Lafayette, Robert C., Ed. TITLE the Cultural Revolution in Foreign Language Teachin

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 134 022 FL 008 336 AUTHOR Lafayette, Robert C., Ed. TITLE the Cultural Revolution in Foreign Language Teachin

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 134 022 FL 008 336 AUTHOR Lafayette, Robert C., Ed. TITLE The Cultural Revolution in Foreign Language Teaching. A Guide for Building the Modern Curriculum. Selected Papers from the 1975 Central States Conference. INSTITUTION Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. PUB DATE 75 NOTE 171p.; For related documentn, see FL 008 336-339 AVAILABLE FROMNational Textbook Co., 8259 Biles Center Rd., Skokie, Illinois 60076 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Biculturalism; Bilingual Education; Cultural Awareness; Cultural Differences; Cultural Education; *Cultural Pluralism; Cultural Traits; Culture; Curriculum Planning; Elementary Secondary Education; *Ethnic Groups; French; German; Higher Education; *Language Instruction; Latin American Culture; *Modern Language Curriculum; *Second Language Learning; Sex Discrimination; Spanish; Spanish Americans; Spanish Culture; Study Abroad; Teaching Methods; Textbook Evaluation; Travel; Visual Aids ABSTRACT This book consists of eleven papers presented at the 1975 Central States Conference. The principal objective of the conference was to examine the trend for human relations, ethnic . studies, and bilingual-bicultural education in American education and the new interest in languages not usually taught in the past. The papers include: (1)"We're All Ethnics: Hyphenated Americans, Professional Ethnics, and Ethnics by Attraction," by Lorraine A. Strasheim;(2) "The Analysis of Language and Familiar Cultures," by Nelson Brooks; (3) "Linguistic Diversity in the Classroom," by Geneva Smitherman;(4) "Analyzing French Culture and Interpreting Some of its Manifestations," by Jacqueline C. Elliot;(5) "Analyzing Hispanic Culture: Some Implications for Teaching," by Yvonne de Wright;(6) "A Look at Americans of German Descent," by La Vern J.
  • 01 Introduction to Endocrine System.Pdf

    01 Introduction to Endocrine System.Pdf

    ENDOCRINE BLOCK PHYSIOLOGY TEAM 431 Done by : Rand AL-haweal & Abdulaziz Al-Hamad Revised by : Nour Al-Khawajah & Mohammed Asiri Endocrinology (Introduction) Learning objectives: Endocrine vs exocrine gland Transport and clearance Chemical messengers Mechanism of action Hormone Receptors, down-regulation and up-regulation Definition Intracellular signaling Chemical structure Second messenger (cAMP, IP3) Paracrine & autocrine Endocrine vs exocrine gland EXOCRINE GLANDS ENDOCRINE GLANDS Ducts + lumen and surface Chemical messengers + bloodstream Their secretions are released through Their secretions are released directly ducts onto an organ's lumen and surface. into the bloodstream rather than through a duct. Endocrine gland :- ductless, classical gland e.g hypothalamus Endocrine tissue :- tissue secreting hormone e.g skin Chemical messengers The activities of cells, tissues and organs are coordinated by chemical messengers Neurotransmitters Endocrine hormones Neuroendocrine hormones Paracrines :-gland produce affect on local tissue Autocrines Cytokines Juxtacrine :- part of hormone receptor on one cell and other part on other cell. Endocrine glands: Adrenal Pituitary Pancreas Thyroid Ovaries Parathyroid Testes The multiple hormone systems play a key role in regulating almost all body functions: Metabolism Reproduction Growth and development Behavior Water and electrolyte balance Definition: Hormone is a chemical substance released by group of cells to control the function of other type of cells. (It is secreted directly to the blood stream in response to stimulus to cause physiological response at the target tissues.) Types of hormones Affect many different types of cells (eg. GH and Thyroxin) Affect only specific target cells (eg. ACTH and estrogen) What are target cells? Target cells refer to cells that contain specific receptors (binding sites) for a particular hormone.
  • ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Hormones •Are Secreted by a Cell Or Group of Cells

    ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Hormones •Are Secreted by a Cell Or Group of Cells

    ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Hormones •are secreted by a cell or group of cells. •are secreted into the blood •are transported to a distant target. •exert their effect at very low concentrations •act by binding receptors. •action must be terminated. Peptide Hormone Synthesis, Packaging, and Release Messenger RNA on the ribosomes binds amino acids into a peptide chain called a preprohormone. The chain is directed into the ER lumen by a signal sequence of amino acids. Enzymes in the ER chop off the signal sequence, creating an inactiveprohormone. The prohormone passes from the ER through the Golgi complex. Secretory vesicles containing enzymes and prohormone bud off the Golgi. The enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more active peptides plus additional peptide fragments. The secretory vesicle releases its contents by exocytosis into the extracellular space. The hormone moves into the circulation for transport to its target. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol They have similar structure. They are made in only a few organs. Adrenal cortex Gonads Skin Placenta Steroids are lipophilic and diffuse easily across membranes, so cells can not store hormones in vesicles. They synthesize as needed. Steroid hormone receptors are in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Ultimate destination is nucleus where the complex acts as a transcription factor, binding to DNA and by activationg or repressing one or more genes. Activated genes create mRNA that directs synthesis of new proteins. Any hormone that alters gene activity is said to have a genomic effect on the target cell. When hormones activates genes to direct production of new proteins, there is usually a lag time between hormone-receptor binding and the first biological effects.