Podcasts Beflügeln Den Audiomarkt 367 | Media Perspektiven 7-8/2018

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Podcasts Beflügeln Den Audiomarkt 367 | Media Perspektiven 7-8/2018 Media Perspektiven 7-8/2018 | 366 oder Download Stücke produziert. Zu den Anbietern Angebot, Nutzung und Vermarktung von zählen private und öffentlich-rechtliche Radio- Audioinhalten im Internet sender, Streamingdienste, Printanbieter, Privat- personen, sogenannte (auch selbsternannte) Influ- encer (4) oder prominente Autoren und Interpreten Podcasts beflügeln aus der Musik-, Literatur- oder Comedyszene. den Audiomarkt Von Hanna Puffer* und Christian Schröter** Kurz und knapp • In der Medienfachpresse wird über neue Formate und Anbieter im Markt für Audioinhalte im Internet aktuell häufig berichtet. Radio bleibt Das Radio gehört zum festen Bestandteil des Me- • Insbesondere Podcasts fördern die Präsenz des Themas Audio. Tagesbegleiter, dienalltags der Bevölkerung in Deutschland. Rund Sie werden seitens verschiedener Branchen produziert, über weitere Audioformen 93 Prozent nutzen innerhalb von zwei Wochen das Distributionsplattformen verbreitet und teilweise vermarktet. gewinnen an Radio, die Tagesreichweite ist mit gut 73 Prozent • Themenvielfalt: Reportagen und Dokumentationen, Krimis, Bedeutung ebenfalls auf hohem Niveau stabil. (1) Täglich hören Nachrichten, Politik und Selbstfindungsthemen sind bei ARD also rund 53,4 Millionen Menschen ab 14 Jahren Audiothek und iTunes am beliebtesten. Radio – und das knapp vier Stunden lang. Die klassische lineare Nutzung (terrestrisch analog/ • Da die meisten Anbieter keine Nutzungszahlen zu einzelnen digital, via Kabel oder Satellit) wird durch die Ver- Inhalten veröffentlichen, können Benchmark-Analysen kaum breitung über das Internet ergänzt. Bei reinen Web- vorgenommen werden. radiosendern können Audioinhalte als Livestream angehört oder später aufgerufen werden, und auch viele klassische private und öffentlich-rechtliche Generell muss bei der Betrachtung des Markts für Eingeschränkte Radiosender bieten zeitgleich zur analogen Aus- Onlineaudio festgehalten werden, dass nur ein Teil Datenlage erschwert strahlung einen Livestream an. Besonders von den der Anbieter sowie Plattformen – und zudem nur Beurteilung der jüngeren Mediennutzern werden die Onlineange- eingeschränkt – Nutzungszahlen zu den verschie- Relevanz von bote häufig verwendet: Laut ARD/ZDF-Onlinestudie denen Inhalten veröffentlichen. Oft sind es nur all- Onlineaudio hörten 38 Prozent der 14- bis 29-Jährigen im Jahr gemeinere Angaben, wie die Größenordnung der 2017 mindestens gelegentlich Radio live im Inter- Abonnentenzahl. Es fehlt eine „Währung“ oder net, Audiopodcasts nutzten rund 27 Prozent und Benchmark-Instanz im Markt für Audio-on-Demand. 25 Prozent riefen 2017 Hörspiele oder Hörbücher Die Intransparenz erschwert die Beurteilung der im Internet auf. (2) Ein noch größerer Anteil hört Relevanz verschiedener Angebote oder auch ein- Musik über das Internet, hier sind es in der jüngsten zelner Reihen, zum Beispiel bei Podcasts. Aufgrund Altersgruppe rund 64 Prozent. 30- bis 49-Jährige der eingeschränkten Datenlage konzentriert sich kommen bei der Nutzung von Radioprogrammen der vorliegende Beitrag vor allem auf die Darstel- online sogar auf einen höheren Wert als die jüngste lung und Analyse der Marktentwicklungen und Altersklasse: Rund 45 Prozent dieser Zielgruppe Angebote und weniger auf die Nutzung einzelner hörten 2017 mindestens gelegentlich live Online- Inhalte. Dass das Thema Onlineaudio Aktualität radio. Bei der zeitversetzten Nutzung von Radio- gewonnen und, zum Teil durch PR-Maßnahmen sendungen lagen die jüngste und zweitjüngste einzelner Anbieter, starke Präsenz erlangt hat, ist Altersgruppe dieser Betrachtung beinahe gleich- unumstritten. Dennoch sollte berücksichtigt werden, auf mit jeweils rund 23 Prozent. dass Audioinhalte im Internet lediglich für einen bestimmten Anteil der Mediennutzer in Deutsch- Verschiedene Onlineaudio kann als Schlüsselwort zur Kategori- land für deren Alltag von Bedeutung sind. Branchen entdecken sierung der diversen Möglichkeiten zum Hören von Potenzial von Audioinhalten herangezogen werden, die die klas- In der Fachpresse wird diese Entwicklung vielseitig Onlineaudio in der Onlineaudio sische lineare Nutzung ergänzen. Neben Musik wer- diskutiert und es werden weitreichende Verände- Medien-Fachpresse den Hörbücher und Hörspiele für jedes noch so rungen im Medienmarkt beleuchtet. Von neuen kleine Themenfeld zum Download oder Stream an- Chancen und einem Audioboom ist die Rede, wenn geboten, sei es von Verlagen oder auf Plattformen Vertreter der Werbebranche sich zum Beispiel auf wie Amazon oder Audible (vgl. Tabelle 1). Audio- dem Radio Advertising Summit treffen. (5) Podcast podcasts (als Abkürzung für das populäre mobile gilt für viele Werbeexperten als „Buzzword der MP3-Speicher- und Audioabspielgerät iPod oder als Stunde“. (6) Diese Entwicklung ist nicht ganz neu – Zusammensetzung aus „pod“, für play on Demand, das Angebot an Audioinhalten im Web nimmt be- und „cast“, für broadcast) (3) werden sowohl in reits seit Jahren beständig zu. (7) Dennoch wird mit Form einer zum Download angebotenen Audio- dem wachsenden Angebot in der Branche intensiver datei als Ausschnitt, Bearbeitung oder 1:1-Kopie über das Thema gesprochen. einer Sendung aus dem linearen Programm bereit- gestellt, oder es werden eigens zum Streaming Was treibt den Audiotrend an? Verschiedene Variablen können die aktuell starke Neue Plattformen, * Media Perspektiven. Präsenz des Themas Audio für Nutzer, Anbieter, Technologien und ** SWR Medienforschung/Programmstrategie. Vermarkter und Medienwissenschaftler erklären. Anbieter Podcasts beflügeln den Audiomarkt 367 | Media Perspektiven 7-8/2018 Dies sind unter anderem der intensive Ausbau von Tab. 1 Onlineaudio: Produktion und Distribution* Content-Plattformen, Brückentechnologien wie RSS-Feeds und Podcatcher (Software zum Abon- Produzenten von Onlineaudio-Inhalten nieren von Podcasts, z. B. podcast.de, iTunes) sowie öffentlich-rechtliche Hörfunksender andere Aggregatoren und natürlich der Marktzutritt neuer Anbieter im Audiosegment. Auch die zuneh- private Hörfunksender mende Bedeutung von Sprachassistenzsystemen Verlage und künstlicher Intelligenz, etwa bei der Sprach- Amazon (Audible) ein gabe in Programmen, sowie die Verbreitung Prominente/ Autoren unterschiedlicher Branchen und intensive Nutzung von Smartphones fördern Privatpersonen/ Influencer die Audionutzung. Die Zugangswege zu Audioin- Spotify, Deezer halten vereinfachen sich, vor allem durch den grö- Distributionsplattformen ßeren Bedienungskomfort für die Nutzer. Das Webseiten von Hörfunksendern „smarte“ Handling mit Apps auf Mobiltelefon oder Aggregatoren wie radio.de Tablet erleichtert und erweitert die individuelle Audiopraxis. ARD Audiothek Brauchte es zum Beispiel anfangs (etwa 2005/ iTunes 2006) für den Einstieg in die Podcastwelt noch ein Spotify ausgeprägtes technisches Interesse, um erfolgreich Deezer mit RSS-Feeds, URL oder XML-Dateien umgehen Audible zu können, sind solche Features inzwischen in den Soundcloud Standardmenüs der Plattformen integriert. Diese Mediatheken entlasten den Nutzer enorm und führen zu einem Audio-Apps professionellen wie nutzbringenden Einsatz von YouTube Technologie. Neben Streamingdiensten und Web- seiten von Radiosendern mit Audio-on-Demand- Technologien Angeboten gibt es unzählige Apps für die Betriebs- iPod, Smartphone, Tablet, PC systeme Android und iOS, die zum Anhören von Amazon Echo Audioinhalten verwendet werden können, für Pod- Apple CarPlay casts speziell gibt es zum Beispiel folgende: Pocket Android Auto Casts, Beyond Podcast, AntennaPod oder Google * ohne Musik. Podcasts. Quelle: eigene Darstellung. Selektive, individuelle Der technologische Wandel bewirkt, dass sich auch Programmgestaltung die Hörpraxis bei vielen Nutzern verändert. Bei der klassischen Radionutzung konzentriert sich der Solch ein autonomer, selektiver Umgang mit Me- Aktionsradius der Hörer auf die Auswahl und das dieninhalten im Internet kann aber auch in lineare, Wechseln zwischen einzelnen Radioprogrammen. und zudem noch selbstbestimmte Bahnen gelenkt In der Online-Hörwelt tritt als Alternative die gezielte werden. Durch Apps, in denen Playlists kuratiert Entscheidung für einzelne Audiobeiträge, seien es werden und man selbst solche anlegen kann, ist Musiktitel oder gesprochene Inhalte, hinzu. Außer- es möglich, arrangierte Inhalte so anzuhören, als dem werden aufgrund des Such- und Nutzungs- gäbe es einen Programmfluss, wie man ihn vom verhaltens Empfehlungen gegeben und zum Bei- klassischen Radio kennt. spiel auf neue Episoden einer Reihe hingewiesen. Die genutzten Inhalte können auch mit anderen Musik, Hörspiele, Hörbücher und Audiopodcasts Nutzungssituationen Personen geteilt werden, zum Beispiel bei einem werden generell in unterschiedlichsten Situatio- im Tagesverlauf Streamingdienst selbst (Veröffentlichen der eigenen nen gestreamt oder als Downloads angehört, sei Playlists) oder über Likes und Shares in sozialen es beim Sport, in den öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln Netzwerken. Bei Soundcloud können sich ange- oder zu Hause. Das Smartphone ist nicht mehr nur meldete Nutzer auch über die Kommentarfunktion Kommunikationsmittel, sondern auch und für viele mit anderen austauschen. Das Besondere daran Verwender ein Abspielgerät, und in vielen Fällen ist, dass je nachdem, zu welchem Zeitpunkt ein das einzige. (9) Kommentar abgesetzt wurde, er beim Abspielen Das mobile Internet, das seit Juni 2017 inner- einer Datei auch beim entsprechenden Timecode halb der Europäischen Union ohne zusätzliche erscheint. Dies gilt für Musikstücke gleichermaßen Roaminggebühren verwendet werden kann,
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