A Nova Mídia Podcast: Um Estudo De Caso Do Programa Matando Robôs Gigantes

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A Nova Mídia Podcast: Um Estudo De Caso Do Programa Matando Robôs Gigantes UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÃO CENTRO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS JORNALISMO A NOVA MÍDIA PODCAST: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DO PROGRAMA MATANDO ROBÔS GIGANTES TÁBATA CRISTINA PIRES FLORES RIO DE JANEIRO 2014 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÃO CENTRO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS JORNALISMO A NOVA MÍDIA PODCAST: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DO PROGRAMA MATANDO ROBÔS GIGANTES Monografia submetida à Banca de Graduação como requisito para obtenção do diploma de Comunicação Social/ Jornalismo. TÁBATA CRISTINA PIRES FLORES Orientador: Octávio Aragão RIO DE JANEIRO 2014 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÃO TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO A Comissão Examinadora, abaixo assinada, avalia a Monografia A nova mídia podcast: um estudo de caso do programa Matando Robôs Gigantes, escrita por Tábata Flores. Monografia examinada: Rio de Janeiro, ___ de _______________ de 2014. Comissão Examinadora: Orientador: Prof. Octávio Aragão Doutor em Artes Visuais pela Escola de Belas Artes - UFRJ Departamento de Comunicação - UFRJ Prof. Fernando Mansur Doutor em Comunicação pela Escola de Comunicação - UFRJ Departamento de Comunicação - UFRJ Lúcio Luiz Corrêa da Silva Doutorando em Educação pela Universidade Estácio de Sá Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação nos Processos Educacionais) – Universidade Estácio de Sá RIO DE JANEIRO 2014 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA FLORES, Tábata. A nova mídia podcast: um estudo de caso do programa Matando Robôs Gigantes. Rio de Janeiro, 2014. Monografia (Graduação em Comunicação Social/Jornalismo) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Escola de Comunicação – ECO. Orientador: Octávio Aragão Orientadora: Raquel Paiva de Araújo Soares FLORES, Tábata. A nova mídia podcast: um estudo de caso do programa Matando Robôs Gigantes. Orientador: Octávio Aragão. Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ/ECO. Monografia em Jornalismo. RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta o podcast como nova mídia, surgida no início dos anos 2000. Produto do podcasting - processo midiático baseado em emissões sonoras, que utiliza a Internet como suporte para seu funcionamento e propagação de mensagens - suas origens, história e características são apresentadas através do estudo de caso do programa Matando Robôs Gigantes, segundo maior podcast brasileiro. Ao analisar aspectos técnicos e estruturais, percebe-se o surgimento de uma nova mídia e a postura da audiência diante dela, marcada pela participação ativa do público em sua construção, com foco na interatividade. Palavras-chave: interatividade; podcast; internet; novas mídias; audiência. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha mãe, que não só meu apoiou, como me deu chances para que eu chegasse até aqui. Ao meu namorado André e amigos, que acreditaram em mim e nos meus mais mirabolantes sonhos. Ao meu orientador, Octávio Aragão, pela incansável paciência e dedicação ao meu trabalho. E ao amigo Beto, pela inspiração. EPÍGRAFE “Às vezes só precisamos de alguém que nos ouça. Que não nos julgue, que não nos subestime, que não nos analise. Apenas ouça.” Charles Chaplin ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................. 1 2. INTERNET: O BERÇO PERFEITO ........................................................... 4 2.1. Breve resumo sobre as origens da Internet ............................................................ 4 2.2. Dinâmica das informações na rede ........................................................................ 7 2.3. A rede como fonte de novas possibilidades ........................................................... 9 2.4. INTERconnected NETworks: um meio híbrido .................................................. 11 2.5. Interatividade ....................................................................................................... 13 3. A NOVA MÍDIA PODCAST ....................................................................... 16 3.1. Podcasting: um novo conceito ............................................................................. 16 3.2. Breve resumo sobre a história dos podcasts ........................................................ 17 3.3. Podcast: a nova mídia .......................................................................................... 19 3.4. Características ...................................................................................................... 22 3.5. Entre outros, a interatividade: o ponto-chave ...................................................... 24 4. ESTUDO DE CASO: PODCAST MATANDO ROBÔS GIGANTES .... 29 4.1. A origem do podcast Matando Robôs Gigantes .................................................. 29 4.2. Por que matar um Robô Gigante? ........................................................................ 30 4.3. Crescimento, mudanças e surpresas ..................................................................... 30 4.4. Características ...................................................................................................... 32 4.5. A chave do sucesso: Interação ............................................................................. 34 4.6. Edição: o grande trunfo ........................................................................................ 36 4.7. Publicidade ........................................................................................................... 37 4.8. Robôs bem sucedidos ........................................................................................... 39 5. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ....................................................................... 40 6. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ....................................................... 44 1. INTRODUÇÃO O advento da Internet, no final dos anos 60, fez surgir um contexto comunicacional jamais experimentado. Com o surgimento da rede, os modos como as pessoas se comunicam e consomem informações estão passando por significativas mudanças. As características e o modelo de difusão do novo meio criaram um cenário em que os sujeitos passam a ter voz ativa e conquistam a possibilidade de produzir e divulgar seu próprio conteúdo, bem como manipular e transformar os fluxos da informação que desejam receber. Dessa forma, a audiência passa a assumir um papel fundamental no processo comunicativo, através de uma postura ativa na construção das mensagens. O ciberespaço surge como um novo espaço de informação, organização e sociabilidade, alterando de forma fundamental o caráter da comunicação. Pautada em características como a disponibilidade, a facilidade de acesso e a interatividade, a dinâmica da comunicação na era digital se mostra diferente da forma como acontecia anteriormente, exigindo maior envolvimento e participação do público. Enquanto diante dos meios analógicos a audiência pode - e, na maior parte dos casos, é influenciada a - adotar uma atitude passiva diante do que conteúdo que recebe, frente às mídias com origem na era digital, o público não só busca, como é estimulado à interação. Na era digital, é necessário escolher, clicar, interagir. Ao considerar as evoluções tecnológicas não apenas enquanto técnicas, mas levando em conta as mudanças geradas no meio em que estão inseridas, percebe-se um novo tipo de leitor, ouvinte e consumidor, que busca participar, opinar, interagir e ver o resultado de suas opiniões refletido no processo comunicacional. Neste contexto, nasce o podcasting, processo midiático baseado em emissões sonoras, que utiliza a Internet como suporte para seu funcionamento e propagação de mensagens. Produto deste processo, os primeiros programas podcasts surgem no início dos anos 2000. Ao estudar os aspectos técnicos e estruturais dos podcasts, este trabalho pretende revelar o surgimento de uma nova mídia, focada na interatividade e marcada pela postura ativa dos ouvintes em sua construção. Através da análise do programa brasileiro Matando Robôs Gigantes, também conhecido como MRG, este trabalho visa analisar o novo formato, apresentando as 1 características e os diferenciais que classificam o podcasting como um processo midiático e, com isso, os podcasts como nova mídia. Criado em 2008, o podcast Matando Robôs Gigantes é apresentado por Affonso Solano, Diogo Braga e Roberto Estrada. Com episódios temáticos postados semanalmente, o programa é disponibilizado no endereço www.jovemnerd.com.br/matando-robos-gigantes. Após acompanhar a evolução do programa desde 2009, pela amizade com um de seus apresentadores, a autora enxergou na iniciativa uma forma de analisar o podcast e, através do estudo de suas características, classificá-lo como nova mídia, com origem no cenário contemporâneo, pautada no modelo da Internet. O nascimento do podcasting como processo midiático, idealizado por Adam Curry, acontece cerca de 40 anos depois do surgimento da Internet. A ideia de Curry era produzir programas de áudio personalizados que ficassem disponíveis para o ouvinte no momento em que ele desejasse receber determinado conteúdo. A criação do tipo de mídia pensado por Adam só se tornou possível em um ambiente de rede, pois apenas o modelo de difusão da Internet e o conceito de interatividade apresentado pelo novo meio permitiriam a interação que ele buscava entre a mídia e o público. Sendo assim, após esta introdução, a primeira análise feita neste trabalho será em relação à origem e o modelo de difusão da Internet, levando-se em consideração a dinâmica das informações na rede. Além disso, o estudo da World Wide Web e o conceito de interatividade serão apresentados, levando-se em
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