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[Document Title] [Yea r] [Document title] [DOCUMENT SUBTITLE] ANDCORPGH CHANGING THE WORLD LEGON JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES VOLUME 27, NO. 1 (2016) COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA E-ISSN: 2458 – 746X ISSN: 0855-1502 Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | i LEGON JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES VOLUME 27, NO. 1 (2016) Editor Augustine H. Asaah Assistant Editor Rosemary Amenga-Etego E-ISSN: 2458 – 746X ISSN: 0855-1502 Legon Journal of the Humanities (LJH) is published by the College of the Humanities, University of Ghana Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | ii Legon Journal of the Humanities is indexed on African Journals Online (AJOL) and Ghana Journals Online (GHANJOL) EDITORIAL BOARD Nana Aba A. Amfo………………………………………..……………… Chair Associate Professor of Linguistics; Dean, School of Languages, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana [email protected] Augustine H. Asaah …………………………………………..…….…… Editor Professor, Department of French, School of Languages, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana [email protected] Rosemary Amenga-Etego ……………………………………… Assistant Editor Senior Lecturer, Department for the Study of Religions, School of Arts, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana [email protected] Esi Sutherland-Addy ……………………….……………………..…… Member Associate Professor, Institute of African Studies, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana [email protected] Susanne Gehrmann ……………………….……………………..…..… Member Professor of African Literatures and Cultures, Department of Asian and African Studies, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany [email protected] Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni ………………….…………………..…..… Member Professor, Department of Development Studies, Professor and Head, Archie Mafeje Research Institute (AMRI), University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. [email protected] Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | iii Cas Wepener …………………………….……….…………………… Member Professor of Religions and Head, Department of Practical Theology, University of Pretoria, South Africa [email protected] Joshua Amuah …………………………….……….…………………… Member Senior Lecturer and Head, Department of Music, School of Performing Arts, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS: Matilda Gomashie and Susuana Denkyira PAST EDITORS 1974-1977: Lawrence A. Boadi 1987-1994: John N. D. Dodoo 1994-1999: Alex K. Dzameshie 1999-2003: E. Kweku Osam 2004-2009: Gordon S. K. Adika 2009-2015: Helen A. Yitah Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | iv ADVISORY BOARD Moradewun Adejunmobi, Professor, African American and African Studies, University of California, Davis, USA; President, African Literature Association (ALA). Charity Akotia, Associate Professor of Psychology; Dean, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Emmanuel K. Akyeampong, Professor of History; Professor of African and American Studies, Center for Government and International Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge-MA, USA. Jane Ande, Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Studies, University of Jos, Nigeria. Li Anshan, Professor of International Relations; Director, Institute of Afro-Asian Studies and Center for African Studies, Peking University; Vice-President, Chinese African Studies, China. Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf, Professor Emerita, Department of Geography and Resource Development, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Legon; Vice-President (Arts), Ghana Academy of Arts and Science (GAAS), Accra, Ghana. Richard Boateng, Associate Professor; Head, Department of Operations and Management Information Systems, University of Ghana Business School, College of Humanities; University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Perpetua S. Dadzie, University Librarian, Associate Professor; Department of Information Studies; College of Education, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Audrey Gadzekpo, Associate Professor of Communication Studies; Dean, School of Information and Communication Studies, College of Education, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Hyun-Chin Lim, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Founding Director of Asia Center, Seoul National University; President, Korean Social Science Research Council, Korea. Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | v Dorothy Odartey-Wellington, Associate Professor of Spanish, School of Languages and Literatures, University of Guelph, Canada. Tope Omoniyi, Professor of Sociolinguistics; Director, Center for Research in English Language and Linguistics (CRELL), Department of Media, Culture, and Language, Roehampton University, UK. David Owusu-Ansah, Professor of History; Executive Director, Faculty Access and Inclusion, James Madison University, Harrisonburg-VA, USA. Nicola Piper, Professor of International Migration, Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Director of Human Rights and Democratization (Asia Pacific), The University of Sidney; Convener, Sidney Asia Pacific Migration Network (SAPMIN), Australia. Laud Ato Quayson, Professor and Director, Center for Transnational and Diaspora Studies, University of Toronto, Canada. João José Reis, Professor, Department of History, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm, Professor of General Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Sweden. Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | vi Email: [email protected]; [email protected] For further details, (e.g. guide for contributors, copyright, etc.), kindly go to the journal’s website: http://coh.ug.edu.gh/ljh Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | vii Table of Contents A Closer Look at the Akan Relativiser ........................................................ 1 Kofi Busia Abrefa Tackling Africa’s Scientific and Technological Underdevelopment: The Role of the Humanities ............................................................................... 20 Gamel Nasser Adam ‘On the Empire of Money’: The Representation of Money in Arab-Islamic Culture ........................................................................................................ 48 Oladosu Ayinde Afis Abass Umar Mohammed Marriage, Sexuality and Moral Responsibility among the Tongu Mafi People of Ghana ......................................................................................... 71 Godson Ahortor Mother Tongue Eclipsing in the Linguistic Repertoire of Yoruba/English Bilingual Children in Nigeria ..................................................................... 95 Kehinde A. Ayoola Taiwo O. Soneye Religion, Psychology and Globalisation Process: Attitudinal Appraisal . 119 Emmanuel Orok Duke The Significance of the Level Tone in Ghanaian English: Evidence from Spoken Discourse ..................................................................................... 144 Charlotte Fofo Lomotey Colonial Conflicts in Contemporary Northern Ghana: A Historical Prognosis of the British Colonial Factor in the Nawuri-Gonja and Mamprusi-Kusasi Conflicts ...................................................................... 172 Cletus Kwaku Mbowura Felix Y. T. Longi Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | viii Abrefa, K. B./ Legon Journal of the Humanities (2016) 1-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v27i1.1 A Closer Look at the Akan Relativiser1 Kofi Busia Abrefa Lecturer, Department of Ghanaian Languages and Linguistics, University of Cape Coast, Ghana Abstract This paper provides an alternative viewpoint on the length and tone of the relativiser in Akan. The relativiser has been analysed as a long vowel with either a high-low tone (HL) (Saah, 2010) or a mid-low tone (McCracken, 2013). However, in this paper, we posit an underlying short vowel with a low tone (L) for the relativiser. We further show that it receives a high tone (H) from an adjacent H; making it a syllable with a contour tone at the phonetic level (i.e. â ). The contour tone then affects the length of the relativiser at the phonetic level, making it slightly longer than its original length. Keywords: relative clause, relativiser, tone bearing unit, contour tone, vowel length Akan relative clauses (RCs) have received considerable attention from both native and non-native speakers of the language2. Notable among them are Christaller (1875), Balmer & Grant (1929), Welmers (1946), Schachter (1973), Saah (1994; 1 I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the anonymous assessors for their very useful comments and suggestion which have contributed immensely to the shape of this paper. I am also indebted to the following people for reading through the earlier manuscript for me: Ms. Juliet Oppong-Asare, Ms. Augustina Pokua Owusu and Ms. Rachel Thompson. I am also very grateful to the following people from whom the data for this paper came: Mr. Okofo Asenso and Mr. Emmanuel Asubonteng (Asante), Mr. Alexander Peter Hope and Mr. Lawrence Bosiwah (Fante), and Miss Patience Oware and Miss Irene Offeibea Osae (Akuapem). I also wish to thank Dr. Emmanuel Ofori and Mr. Lawrence Bosiwah for helping with the recordings and the measurement of the sounds. 2 Akan is a Kwa language of the Niger-Congo family with about eleven (11) dialects including Asante, Akuapem and Fante; three of the eleven dialects that have achieved literary status (Dolphyne, 1988, p. xi). Of these three, Akuapem and Asante are jointly referred to as Twi. Legon Journal of the Humanities, 27 No. 1 Page | 1 Abrefa, K. B./ Legon Journal of the Humanities (2016) 1-19
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