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Le CERN Célèbre Ses Découvertes REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE LA PHYSIQUE DES HAUTES ENERGIES COURRIER CERN VOLUME 43 NUMÉRO 10 DÉCEMBRE 2003 Le CERN célèbre ses découvertes PARTICULES NOUVELLES RESEAUX ESPAGNE Des protons aux Sonder la fracture La physique des pentaquarks p5 numérique pl7 particules s'épanouit p30 series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA • (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com SOMMAIRE L'actualité mondiale en physique des hautes énergies et dans les domaines voisins Le Courrier CERN est distribué aux gouvernements des Etats membres, aux instituts ou laboratoires affiliés au CERN ainsi qu'à tout son personnel. Il est publié dix fois par an en français et en COURRIER anglais. Les articles qu'il contient n'expriment pas nécessairement l'opinion de la Direction du CERN. Rédacteur: Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Genève 23, Suisse E-mail [email protected] Fax: +41 (22) 782 1906 CERN Web: cerncourier.com Comité consultatif: R Landua (Président), P Sphicas, K Potter, Volume 43 Numéro 10 Décembre 2003 E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey Correspondants extérieurs: Argonne National Laboratory (USA): D Ayres Brookhaven, National Laboratory (USA): P Yamin Cornell University (USA): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Allemagne): Ilka Flegel, P Waloschek Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (USA): Judy Jackson GSI Darmstadt (Allemagne): G Siegert INFN (Italie): Barbara Gallavotti IHEP, Beijing (Chine): Tongzhou Xu Jefferson Laboratory (USA): Melanie O'Byrne JINR Dubna (Russie): B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japon): A Maki Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (USA): Christine Celata Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA): C Hoffmann Inauguration du télescope MAGIC p7 Flamboyante éruption solaire Venezianopl5 remporte un prix de l'APS p35 NIKHEF Laboratory (Pay-Bas): Paul de Jong Novosibirsk Institute (Russie): S Eidelman _5 Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz Nouvelles PSI Laboratory (Suisse): P-R Kettle Découverte: cinq quarks dans la main du CERN. Coup de froid annoncé pour Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Jacky Hutchinson les muons du Fermi. Le GSI Darmstadt coche un nouvel élément à son Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci IHEP, Serpukhov (Russie): Yu Ryabov tableau. MAGIC découvre le ciel des rayons gamma. Annonce d'un site pour le Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (USA): N Calder nouveau laser à électrons libres à rayons X. LHC: les pieds du colosse TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): M K Craddock arrivent..et les bobines de correction en font tout autant. Un don pour la Produit pour le CERN par Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd théorie des cordes. Des deutons exécutent un numéro de spin étonnant. IOP Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS16BE, UK La grille de calcul au Pakistan. Le président de la PAEC en visite au CERN. Tel: +44 (0)117 929 7481 E-mail: [email protected] Auger à l'affût des rayons cosmiques d'énergie ultra-haute. Web: iop.org Publishing director Richard Roe Echos de la physique 13 Publisher Jo Nicholas Art director Andrew Giaquinto Astrovigie 15 Senior production editor Ruth Aspinall Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Display advertisement manager Jonathan Baron Reportages Recruitment advertisement manager Jayne Purdy Les pays en développement et le réseau scientifique mondial 17 Display sales Ed Jost Recruitment sales Reena Gupta Hilda Cerdeira examine la connectivité Internet et la fracture numérique. Advertisement production Joanne Derrick, Katie Graham Product manager Claire Webber Physiques céleste et terrestre 19 Publicité: Jonathan Baron, Jayne Purdy, Ed Jost ou Reena Gupta Félicitas Pauss rend compte de la conférence HEP-EPS 2003 à Aix-la-Chapelle. Tel:+44 (0)117 930 1265 E-mail: [email protected] Science lourde: quels avantages pour l'industrie? 23 Fax: +44 (0)117 930 1178 Line nouvelle étude montre l'impact des contrats du CERN dans les Distribution générale: Jacques Dallemagne, CERN, 1211 Genève entreprises de pointe. 23, Suisse. Jacques. [email protected] Des exemplaires peuvent être obtenus dans certains pays, aux adresses suivantes: Les courants neutres, le W et le Z: une commémoration 25 Chine: Chen Huaiwei, Institut de physique des hautes énergies, Un symposium spécial célèbre les anniversaires de découvertes majeures. B.P. 918, Beijing, République populaire de Chine Allemagne: Gabriela Heessel ou Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg 52, Allemagne, [email protected] Symétries et structures 29 Italie: Loredana Rum ou Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale Siegfried Krewald se penche sur la physique hadronique au COSY. 56, 00044 Frascati, Roma Royaume-Uni: MarkSwaisland, CLRC, Daresbury Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD. E-mail La physique des particules s'épanouit en Espagne 30 [email protected] Cec/7/'a Jarlskog avait accompagné le RECFA durant sa visite en début d'année. US/Canada: Publié par CERN Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175. Port périodique payé à St Charles, IL Fax: 630 377 1569. E-mail [email protected]. Envoyez tout Sections efficaces au LHC: les problèmes et les solutions 33 changement d'addresse à: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, Michael Dittmar et James Stirling reviennent sur un récent atelier. St Charles, IL 60174. Publié par: Laboratoire européen de physique des particules, Personnalités 35 CERN, 1211 Genève 23, Suisse. Tel: +41 (22) 767 6111 Telefax: +41 (22) 767 65 55 Recrutement 41 Imprimé par: Warners (Midlands) pic, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Angleterre. Chez le libraire 49 © 2003 CERN ISSN 0374-2288 Point de vue 50 Couverture: L'amphithéâtre du CERN était comble le 16 septembre pour un symposium célébrant les anniversaires des découvertes des courants neutres et des bosons W et Z (p25). On voit Steven Weinberg qui donne la conférence d'ouverture au cours de laquelle il a éloquemment décrit les multiples étapes de "la construction du modèle standard". Courrier CERN Décembre 2003 3 GABURN Vacuum Science Limited Viewports and Electrical Feedthroughs Base, Deep and Excimer Grade U V Viewports Caburn offers three ultraviolet grades of fused silica which include a window material with excellent performance for Excimer-UV laser applications. Available in a range of KF,LF or CF flanges. Ultra High Vacuum Electrical Feedthroughs Caburn has expanded its product line to include bakeable, true UHV compatible fibre optic feedthroughs. For further information please contact any of our sales offices or visit our comprehensive website. www.caburn.co.uk UNITED KINGDOM GERMANY FRANCE ITALY Caburn Vacuum Science Ltd Caburn-MDC GmbH Caburn-MDC S.A.R.L. Caburn-MDC S.R.L. The Old Dairy, Glynde Hauptstrasse 117 38 Place des Pavillons Corso Grosseto, 295 East Sussex BN8 6SJ D-10827 Berlin-Schôneberg 69007 LYON 10151 TORINO ISO 9001:2000 Tel:+44 (0)1273 858585 Tel: +49 (0)30-787 743 0 Tel: +33 (0)437 65 17 50 Tel:+39 011 45 30 791 FM 5 13 2 7 Fax: +44 (0)1273 858561 Fax: +49 (0)30-787 743 50 Fax: +33 (0)437 65 17 55 Fax: +39 011 45 50 298 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] NOUVELLES PENTAQUARKS Découverte: cinq quarks dans la main du CERN Fig. 1. Antidécuplet proposé formé de baryons à cinq quarks. Les sommets du triangle repré­ sentent des états manifestement exotiques et ne peuvent être constitués de trois quarks. A ce jour les expériences ont permis d'observer Fig. 2. Distributions des masses (a) pour les sommes S jt, S %, S ji et S jt+; (b) les distributions des candidats pour les trois états entourés. de masse avec soustraction du bruit du fond combinatoire et rajustement gaussien du pic SJT. Quelques mois seulement après la première baryonique et il sera utile pour élucider la CDQ en SJT présente un pic étroit à 1,862 ±0,002 GeV/c2 explosion d'excitation qui a suivi l'apparition dans régime non perturbatif (Courrier CERN septembre (voir figure 2) avec 5,6 écarts-type. La vraie largeur plusieurs laboratoires de ce qui semble être une 2003 p5). Le 0+ est manifestement un baryon du pic doit être inférieure à la largeur totale à mi- nouvelle particule à cinq quarks, des preuves ont exotique, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne peut être formé de hauteur observée de 0,017 GeV/c2, laquelle été déjà trouvées d'un autre état à cinq quarks, trois quarks. C'est également le cas pour deux correspond à la résolution du détecteur. différent mais visiblement étroitement apparenté. autres membres des sommets du triangle de En fait, on observe les pics à la même masse Le modèle des hadrons basé sur des quarks l'antidécuplet représenté sur la figure 1. Ces pour les distributions individuelles S"jt~ et £"JT+ constitutifs, inventé dans les années 60, permet derniers ont une étrangeté S = -2, des charges que pour les antiparticules. On n'a encore trouvé de décrire les baryons connus de façon très Q = -2 et +1 et font partie d'un quatuor d'isospin aucun signal du 0+ pour lequel le bruit du fond satisfaisante comme étant composés de trois formé d'états S. dans la branche de désintégration potentiellement quarks de valence. La chromodynamique Le groupe NA49 au supersynchrotron à protons observable pK° est moins favorable. L'état quantique (CDQ) - la théorie des interactions SPS du CERN a cherché les états 0+ et S dans les exotique S" avec S = -2, Q = -2 et le S0 avec fortes - n'interdit pas des baryons contenant plus collisions proton-proton à une énergie du faisceau S = -2, Q = 0 sont de bons candidats pour le de trois quarks.
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