Impoliteness in the American TV Series Scrubs“
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DIPLOMARBEIT / DIPLOMA THESIS Titel der Diplomarbeit / Title of the Diploma Thesis „Impoliteness in the American TV series Scrubs“ verfasst von / submitted by Maja Osmanović angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2018/ Vienna, 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 190 344 365 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Lehramtstudium UF Englisch degree programme as it appears on UF Bosnisch/Kroatisch/Serbisch the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Gunther Kaltenböck Acknowledgements I take this opportunity to thank my thesis supervisor Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Gunther Kaltenböck for his support and valuable feedback. Thank you very much for your last minute help and kind words which helped me believe that the end was truly near. My gratitude also goes to Prof. Mag. Dr. Barbara Kryk-Kastovsky whose linguistics seminar inspired me to write about impoliteness. Special thanks go to all my friends, my partner and all my colleagues who proofread my thesis and helped me deal with formatting issues, but also patiently endured my whining and moaning (for almost five years). I would also like to thank my boss who gave me days off whenever I needed them, who believed in me and cheered me up when times were rough. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and my sister for providing me with continuous encouragement and unfailing support not only throughout my years of study but for as long as I can remember. I love you. Table of contents Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... i List of figures ........................................................................................................................... ii List of tables ............................................................................................................................ ii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Politeness theories ........................................................................................................ 4 2.1. Grice’s Cooperative principle ......................................................................................... 4 2.2. Lakoff ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3. Leech ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.4. Levinson and Brown: the concept of face ................................................................ 10 2.5. Fraser and Nolen .............................................................................................................. 13 3. Defining Impoliteness ............................................................................................... 15 3.1. Terkourafi .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2. Kienpointner ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.3. Culpeper .............................................................................................................................. 21 4. Culpeper’s model of impoliteness ......................................................................... 23 4.1. Impoliteness and face ..................................................................................................... 23 4.2. Impoliteness strategies .................................................................................................. 24 4.3. Typology of impoliteness .............................................................................................. 27 4.4. Impoliteness and responses to it ................................................................................ 30 5. Prosody and impoliteness ....................................................................................... 35 6. Impoliteness: the exercise of power .................................................................... 38 6.1. Power, distance and social ranking ........................................................................... 39 6.2. Types of power .................................................................................................................. 40 7. Impoliteness as entertainment .............................................................................. 42 7.1. Conflictive behaviour as a source of pleasure ........................................................ 42 7.2. Impoliteness as a tool to create humour .................................................................. 44 8. Data analysis ................................................................................................................ 46 8.1. Impoliteness in fictional discourse ............................................................................ 47 8.2. Brief synopsis of the characters and plot ................................................................ 50 8.2.1. Characters relevant for the analysis ................................................................................. 50 8.2.2. Sacred Heart as the setting – power relations in U.S. hospitals ............................ 51 8.2.3. Types of power possessed by Dr Kelso and Dr Cox .................................................... 53 8.3. Impoliteness in Scrubs ................................................................................................... 55 8.3.1. Dr Cox vs. J.D. – Season 1 ........................................................................................................ 56 8.3.2. Dr Cox vs. J.D. – Season 2 ........................................................................................................ 60 8.3.3. Dr Kelso vs. interns/nurses .................................................................................................. 66 8.4. Results and discussion ................................................................................................... 73 8.4.1. Culpeper’s theory as basis of the analysis ...................................................................... 73 8.4.2. The role of power in Scrubs .................................................................................................. 76 8.4.3. Impoliteness as a tool to develop characters and plot in Scrubs .......................... 80 8.4.4. Impoliteness to entertain the viewer ............................................................................... 81 9. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 84 10. References .................................................................................................................. 87 11. Apendix ........................................................................................................................ 93 11.1. Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 93 11.2. Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................ 93 Abbreviations CP Cooperative Principle PP Politeness Principle H/h Hearer S/s Speaker i List of figures Figure 1: Possible strategies for doing FTAs (Brown & Levinson 1987 [1978]: 69) ............................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2: A summary of response options (Culpeper, Bousfield & Wichmann 2003: 1563) ................................................................................................. 31 Figure 3: Hierarchy of medical staff in the U.S. ................................................. 52 List of tables Table 1: Revising the notion of face: Components of “rapport management” (Spencer- Oatey 2002: 540-542) ................................................................ 23 Table 2: Positive and negative impoliteness strategies (Culpeper 1996: 357- 368) ............................................................................................................. 26 Table 3: Positive and negative impoliteness strategies (Culpeper 1996: 357- 368) ............................................................................................................. 56 Table 4: Impoliteness strategies and output strategies in the extract (Season 1, Episode 1) ................................................................................................... 57 Table 5: Impoliteness strategies and output strategies in the extract (Season 1, Episode 19) ................................................................................................. 58 Table 6: Impoliteness strategies and output strategies in the extract (Season 2, Episode 5) ................................................................................................... 60 Table 7: Impoliteness strategies and output strategies in the extract (Season 2, Episode 9) ................................................................................................... 62 Table 8: Impoliteness strategies and output strategies in the extract