Association of Chairs of Departments of Physiology 2002 Survey Results

The Physiologist A Publication of The American Physiological Society Volume 46, Number 3 Integrating the Life Sciences from Molecule to Organism June 2003

Philip M. Best and Irving H. Zucker Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Nebraska Medical Center

The Association of Chairs of The statistics are based on 80 dollars, and departmental space. Departments of Physiology annual responses (4 from Canada) but the Space averages are presented as survey was mailed to 176 physiology results of salary, tenure, gender, eth- research, administration, teaching departments throughout the US, nicity, and number of years in rank and other. ❖ Canada and Puerto Rico. A total of 80 are calculated on the number of surveys were returned, for a response respondents providing this informa- rate of 45%. This rate is lower than tion. However, 7 institutions did not that of the 2001 survey (55%). Of the provide any faculty salary informa- 79 surveys returned, there were 37 tion. In addition, results presented Frontiers in Physiology 2003 Awards public and 25 private medical reflect responses from those institu- p. 101 schools, in addition to 17 non-medical tions reporting, which may vary on a (which are public veterinarian or year-to-year basis. APS Unveils an Open Access Choice for Physiological Genomics Authors osteopathic schools). Student/trainee information is pro- p. 105 The data provide the reader with vided by ethnicity for predoctoral and

general trends of faculty, salary, over- postdoctoral categories, as well as APS Submits Testimony on FY 2004 all departmental budgets, and space predoctoral trainee completions, NIH Funding available for research. Faculty salary stipends provided, and type of sup- p. 110 information (Tables 1-3) is derived port. from the total compensation column, Departmental budget information Arthur C. Guyton (1919-2003) which includes any supplementary (Table 4) shows type of support, fac- p. 126 income but not fringe benefits. In ulty salaries derived from grants

addition to salary information, fur- along with negotiated indirect costs Haddy Receives Mayo Clinic ther data are provided on tenure, to the departments. Table 5 ranks Distinguished Alumni Award gender, ethnicity, and salary by num- responding Institutions according to p. 129 ber of years in rank. their total dollars, research grant

89 Published bimonthly and distributed by THE The American Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 PhysiologistVolume 46 Number 3 ISSN 0031-9376 June 2003 John A.Williams President Barbara A. Horwitz Past President Contents D. Neil Granger President-Elect Martin Frank Association of Chairs Public Affairs Editor and Executive Director of Departments of Physiology APS Submits Testimony Councillors 2002 Survey Results on FY 2004 NIH Funding 110 Kim E. Barrett, Joseph R. Haywood, Philip M. Best and New Legislative Action Virginia M. Miller, Helen E. Raybould, Irving H. Zucker 89 Center 111 Jeff M. Sands, Charles M. Tipton Making Science News 112 Membership NIH Releases Medical Ex Officio Robert G. Carroll, New Regular Members 98 School Funding Data 113 Curt D. Sigmund, Peter D. Wagner New Student Members 99 New Affiliate Member 100 News From Senior Publications Committee: Chairman:Dale Physiologists 114 J. Benos; Members: David H.Alpers, Hershel Education Raff, Richard A. Murphy, James A. Schafer. Frontiers in Physiology: Positions Available 120 Director of Publications:Margaret Reich. 2003 Teacher and Design and Copy Editor:Joelle R. Research Host Awards 101 Book Reviews 123 Grossnickle. Welcome to University Subscriptions: Distributed to members as of Nebraska at Kearney s Obituary part of their membership. Nonmembers in the USA: individuals $55.00; institutions Local Outreach Team 102 Arthur C. Guyton 126 $80.00. Nonmembers in Canada and Mexico: individuals $60.00; institutions Publications People & Places $85.00. Nonmembers elsewhere: individu- CiteTrack: Your Free Haddy Receives Mayo als $65.00; institutions $90.00.Single copies Email-Alerting Service Finds Clinic Distinguished and back issues when available, $20.00 Articles You Might Alumni Award 129 each; single copies and back issues of Abstracts issues when available, $30.00. Have Missed 104 Rickles Named FASEB Subscribers to The Physiologist also receive APS Unveils an Open Executive Director 129 abstracts of the Conferences of the Access Choice for Authors APS Members Elected to the American Physiological Society. of Physiological Genomics 105 American Academy of Arts The American Physiological Society Boron New Editor of News in and Sciences 130 assumes no responsibility for the state- Physiological Sciences 106 ments and opinions advanced by contribu- Cowley New Editor of Announcements tors to The Physiologist. Physiological Genomics 107 Call for Ideas 131 Deadline for submission of material for Montrose New Editor of AJP- Primer on Sleep Disorders publication: Jan. 10, February issue; March Gastrointestinal and Liver for the Primary Care 10, April issue; May 10, June issue; July 10, August issue; Sept. 10, October issue; Nov. Physiology 108 Physician 131 10, December issue. Pain Management Please notify the central office as soon as APS Web News Grand Round 132 possible if you change your address or Look for the Redesigned Wiley Prize telephone number. APS Web Site Coming in Biomedical Sciences 132 Headquarters phone: 301-634-7118 Fax: in July 109 301-634-7242 Scientific Meetings Email: [email protected] and Congresses 133 http://www.the-aps.org Printed in the USA

90 The Physiologist ACDP 2002 Survey Results Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Table 1. Faculty Salaries for Fiscal Year 2002 Median % Change From Minimum Maximum No. of Previous Survey Faculty Chairperson All Schools $166,400 -0.08% $56,450 $280,000 69 Medical Public 177,477 1.20 66,300 280,000 34 Medical Private 166,800 -4.11 56,450 247,679 22 Nonmedical 148,300 11.69 74,828 254,500 13 Female 139,880 7.24 56,450 247,679 6 Professor All Schools 116,266 3.24 42,114 267,800 549 Medical Public 118,046 4.67 42,114 267,800 285 Medical Private 115,500 0.81 50,000 257,700 153 Nonmedical 114,732 7.55 43,031 198,172 111 Female 112,937 2.48 57,552 257,700 83 Associate Professor All Schools 81,853 0.94 34,800 180,000 313 Medical Public 80,977 -0.40 34,800 180,000 148 Medical Private 79,400 -0.76 47,798 146,462 75 Nonmedical 87,530 2.60 50,000 134,540 90 Female 84,443 3.12 50,918 180,000 69 Assistant Professor All Schools 69,111 2.36 32,398 130,603 244 Medical Public 69,611 3.57 40,800 106,240 120 Medical Private 66,189 -2.74 37,927 130,603 67 Nonmedical 70,931 5.83 32,398 107,880 57 Female 69,400 6.12 37,927 107,880 72 Instructor All Schools 45,000 -4.44 32,000 90,321 49 Medical Public 44,323 -1.28 32,000 90,321 26 Medical Private 48,000 0.00 34,000 70,000 18 Nonmedical 50,000 0.00 42,642 74,400 5 Female 45,678 2.51 37,872 90,321 22

Table 2. Average Salary by Number of Years in Rank

Years

0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26+ Chairpersons Salary $160,771 $151,911 $186,327 $188,697 $201,149 $195,526 # of Faculty 26 14 14 8 5 2 Professors Space Controlled by Department Salary 114,131 115,064 126,315 127,435 132,787 134,015 Research 16,756 # of Faculty 140 112 118 81 42 49 Administration 3,187 Assoc. Professors Teaching 2,716 Salary 84,414 80,248 87,865 79,788 89,376 78,023 Other 1,949 # of Faculty 169 64 41 13 15 9 Asst. Professors Total space 22,708 Salary 68,622 69,711 63,193 61,885 60,330 24,576 # of Faculty 198 31 7 2 1 Instructors Salary 46,813 41,709 68,151 0 0 0 #of Faculty 44 3 2 0 0

91 The Physiologist ACDP 2002 Survey Results Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Type of Institution (n = 79) Student/Trainee Summary

Support Teaching Interactions Total number of US citizen/resident alien Public 50 MD/DO 74 Pharmacy 17 pre- and postdoctoral students/trainees Private 29 DDS 24 Other biomedical 53 Predoctoral male 344 Postdoctoral male 197 DVM 7 Life science 38 Predoctoral female 318 Postdoctoral female 138 Allied health 39 Bioengineering 26 Total number of foreign pre- and postdoctoral Other 20 students/trainees Predoctoral male 185 Postdoctoral male 395 Predoctoral female 187 Postdoctoral female 215

Tenure status in each department by degree Ethnicity of each pre- and postdoctoral student/trainee Predoctoral Postdoctoral Tenured Not Tenured Not Eligible Total Male Female Male Female MD 33 1 13 47 American Indian/ PhD 787 37 242 1,066 Alaskan Native 4 3 3 3 Asian/Pacific Islander 37 34 43 21 Both 77 0 27 104 Black, not Hispanic origin 22 34 8 8 Other 13 0 2 15 Hispanic 21 21 10 5 White, not of Hispanic origin 260 226 133 101

Faculty Summary (n = 1,290) Number of foreign pre- and postdoctoral Male Female Total students/trainees American Indian/ Predoctoral Postdoctoral Alaskan Native 2 1 3 Male Female Male Female Asian/Pacific Islander 85 37 122 African 5 0 4 1 Black, not Hispanic origin 12 3 15 Asian/Pacific Islander 100 120 231 102 Hispanic 36 15 51 Central and South American 11 5 16 11 White, not of Hispanic origin 835 197 1,032 European, Canadian, Foreign national 55 12 67 Australian 38 41 96 83 Total 1,025 265 1,290 Middle Eastern 25 13 18 9 Other 3 4 17 6

Number of foreign pre- or postdoctoral trainees whose Foreign National predoctoral trainee completions: primary source of support is: Male Female Predoctoral Postdoctoral African 0 0 Institutional 125 40 Asian or Pacific Islander 22 26 Research grants 167 432 Central or South American 3 0 Private foundations 7 47 European, Canadian, Australian 20 10 Home (foreign) governments 11 23 Middle Eastern 6 6 Other 7 16 Other 2 0

Predoctoral Trainee Completions Number of trainees who have completed doctoral work during the year ended June 30, 2002 Predoctoral male 146 Predoctoral female 96

92 The Physiologist ACDP 2002 Survey Results Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

US citizen/resident alien predoctoral trainee Average annual starting stipend (in US dollars) completions: for trainees: Male Female Predoctoral Postdoctoral American Indian/Alaskan Native 1 0 $18,540 $31,910 Asian or Pacific Islander 10 7 Black, not of Hispanic origin 5 4 Hispanic 3 1 White, not of Hispanic origin 74 42

Table 3. Salaries by Region

Region Average Median Minimum MaximumTotal

Chairperson Northeast $189,515 $180,250 $135,259 $254,500 11 Northeast: Midwest 172,503 152,778 103,544 280,000 13 ME, NH, VT, NY, MA, South 171,318 158,710 89,524 264,000 23 RI, CT, NJ, PA, MD, West 165,444 164,354 103,223 223,596 6 DE, DC Canada/Puerto Rico 61,375 61,375 56,450 66,300 2

Professor Northeast 118,166 117,307 25,893 206,640 109 Midwest: Midwest 126,691 123,657 50,049 244,218 110 MI, OH, IN, IL, WI, South 115,673 107,452 69,547 267,800 153 West 134,840 129,450 11,500 255,000 80 IA, MO, KS, NE, ND, Canada/Puerto Rico 63,089 67,080 56,652 67,080 5 SD, MN

Associate Professor Northeast 83,525 80,916 52,000 113,558 41 Midwest 86,128 86,600 50,000 134,540 88 South: South 79,241 77,353 34,800 180,000 102 VA, WV, KY, TN, NC, West 82,407 79,034 63,973 110,700 18 SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, Canada/Puerto Rico 60,686 53,785 47,798 87,376 4 AR, LA, OK, TX Assistant Professor Northeast 66,366 69,451 21,667 92,700 49 Midwest 74,210 73,817 43,000 130,603 41 West: South 65,787 66,768 40,800 88,800 96 AK, HI, MT,WY, CO, West 75,716 69,151 45,147 106,240 28 Canada/Puerto Rico 49,548 49,548 49,548 49,548 1 NM, AZ, ID, WA, OR, CA, UT Instructor Northeast 49,855 44,723 40,800 90,321 10 Midwest 50,730 49,750 32,000 74,400 10 South 41,962 39,627 34,000 57,325 17 West 46,659 44,892 37,872 57,212 3 Canada/Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 1

93 The Physiologist ACDP 2002 Survey Results Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003 Salary Comparison by Title

50 All Chairs n=(69) All Professors n=(552) 40 All Assoc. Prof. n=(314) All Assist. Prof. n=(248) 30

20 Occurrence (%) 10

<45 45-65 >245 65-85 85-105 105-125 125-145 145-165 165-185 185-205 205-225 225-245 Salary (Thousands) Chairs by Institution 35 Medical Private (n=22) 30 Medical Public (n=34) Non-Medical (n=13) 25

Occurrence (%) 10

<105 >225 105-125 125-145 145-165 165-185 185-205 205-225 Salary (Thousands) Assistant Professors by Institution 40 35 Medical Private (n=67) Medical Public (n=120) 30 Non-Medical (n=57) 25 20 15 Occurrence (%) 10 5 0

<35 >85 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 Salary (Thousands)

94 The Physiologist ACDP 2002 Survey Results Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003 Associate Professors by Institution

35 5 Medical Private (n=75) 30 0 Medical Public (n=148) Non-Medical (n=90) 25 5

20 0

15 5

Occurrence (%) 10

5 5

0 0

<45 >125 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-95 95-105 105-115 115-125 Salary (Thousands) Professors by Institution 35

30 Medical Private (n=153) Medical Public (n=285) 25 Non-Medical (n=111)

Occurrence (%) 10

<65 65-85 >205 85-105 105-125 125-145 145-165 165-185 185-205 Salary (Thousands)

Table 4. Budgets by Institutions All Institutions No. Private Med. No. Public Med. No. Nonmed. No. Institutional $1,579,842 78 $1,392,156 25 $1,692,194 37 $1,655,174 16 Outside Research Grants (direct costs) 3,603,417 76 3,355,862 25 3,556,337 37 3,898,052 14 Training Grants (direct costs only) 305,283 38 286,201 14 266,989 18 362,660 6 Endowments 342,041 41 725,499 9 212,730 24 87,895 8 Indirect Cost Recovery (amount to dept.) 232,931 43 297,064 7 205,587 28 196,141 8 Other Budget Support (identify) 310,672 61 584,463 16 245,901 36 101,651 9 Average Departmental Budget 5,790,753 5,626,705 5,911,239 5,401,163 Financial Information Current fringe benefit rate most frequently used for Primary faculty 26.72 (n = 77) Federally negotiated indirect cost rate for FY 01-02 off campus 26.6 (n = 55) on campus 55.95 (n = 76) Percentage of allocated faculty salary dollars raised from grants, etc,. directly returned to your department 71.04 (n = 48) Percentage of indirect costs returned to your department 17.01 (n = 44) Percentage of total faculty salaries derived from research grants (do not include fringe benefits costs) 34.16 (n = 74)

95 The Physiologist ACDP 2002 Survey Results Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Table 5. Complete Ranking According to Total Dollars Rank Total Rank Research Rank Research Rank Research Rank Research No. of Dollars Research Grant Research Dollars/ Total Space Research Dollars/ Faculty Grant Dollars Dollars/ Faculty Research (sq. ft.) Dollars/ sq. ft. Dollars Faculty Space sq. ft.

1 $20,930,054 1 $15,339,578 1 $958,724 9 31,125 2 $493 16 2 13,837,268 2 10,292,103 8 343,070 14 26,333 6 391 30 3 11,801,540 10 6,213,284 7 365,487 5 33,994 41 183 17 4 11,176,304 3 7,921,803 2 609,369 32 18,218 3 435 13 5 10,824,566 9 6,745,956 11 321,236 6 33,720 36 200 21 6 10,776,855 7 6,908,291 6 383,794 1 37,578 40 184 18 7 10,343,748 5 7,646,183 4 424,788 24 21,662 10 353 18 8 10,212,534 18 5,413,046 12 318,414 48 12,681 4 427 17 9 9,929,907 4 7,709,512 15 285,537 22 22,637 11 341 27 10 9,842,840 8 6,907,495 13 287,812 7 32,805 34 211 24 11 9,766,492 13 5,804,133 33 200,143 19 23,039 23 252 29 12 9,444,394 12 5,816,251 10 323,125 2 36,092 47 161 18 13 9,420,139 6 7,159,814 9 340,944 10 30,519 28 235 21 14 8,922,315 37 3,031,437 18 275,585 56 10,124 18 299 11 15 8,881,167 14 5,670,006 39 189,000 11 27,490 35 206 30 16 8,717,074 17 5,414,530 37 193,376 20 22,823 27 237 28 17 8,558,126 16 5,445,994 19 272,300 37 16,227 12 336 20 18 8,035,169 24 4,771,571 28 227,218 12 26,696 43 179 21 19 7,938,000 11 6,000,000 3 428,571 31 20,008 17 300 14 20 7,893,655 15 5,497,225 5 392,659 17 23,932 29 230 14 21 7,751,145 20 5,105,800 20 268,726 8 32,665 48 156 19 22 7,299,999 29 3,845,270 51 153,811 3 35,493 66 108 25 23 7,287,130 28 3,900,000 36 195,000 42 14,116 20 276 20 24 7,216,319 19 5,179,559 31 207,182 46 13,479 7 384 25 25 7,199,421 27 4,510,574 42 187,941 15 26,234 44 172 24 26 6,810,949 21 4,946,910 23 260,364 28 20,381 24 243 19 27 6,732,981 31 3,409,153 16 284,096 70 5,404 1 631 12 28 6,730,044 30 3,798,396 34 199,916 47 127,165 19 299 19 29 6,622,849 22 4,800,000 38 192,000 16 24,522 37 196 25 30 6,571,198 33 3,192,714 43 187,807 26 20,521 49 156 17 31 6,454,287 25 4,740,228 29 225,725 33 17,327 21 274 21 32 5,665,667 36 3,032,822 47 168,490 30 20,104 50 151 18 33 5,338,035 42 2,748,208 62 109,928 18 23,891 65 115 25 34 5,311,266 43 2,738,711 26 228,226 36 16,259 46 168 12 35 5,079,511 41 2,794,145 45 174,634 29 20,269 53 138 16 36 4,972,035 35 3,088,877 17 280,807 58 9,810 15 315 11 37 4,781,349 39 2,901,136 22 263,740 39 15,150 39 191 11 38 4,694,794 23 4,775,898 27 227,424 23 22,084 32 216 21 39 4,693,241 45 2,665,423 53 140,285 62 8,350 14 319 19 40 4,614,476 46 2,659,412 52 147,745 27 20,464 57 130 18 41 4,478,760 55 1,804,330 30 225,541 51 12,251 51 147 8 42 4,384,565 38 2,952,996 25 246,083 45 13,512 31 219 12 43 4,372,097 63 1,307,226 71 52,289 13 26,500 71 49 25 44 4,282,954 44 2,667,200 48 166,700 44 13,648 38 195 16 45 4,162,057 52 2,050,248 59 120,603 38 15,511 56 132 17 46 4,119,000 54 1,923,000 58 128,200 35 16,292 62 118 15 47 3,934,532 40 2,851,868 24 259,261 60 9,118 16 313 11 48 3,837,398 34 3,160,420 14 287,311 41 14,857 33 213 11 49 3,835,682 48 2,434,428 46 173,888 55 10,257 26 237 14

96 The Physiologist ACDP 2002 Survey Results Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

50 3,825,528 47 2,467,875 44 176,277 25 21,430 64 $115 14 51 3,757,912 51 2,139,030 21 267,379 69 6,566 13 326 8 52 3,742,679 49 2,265,923 41 188,827 49 12,500 42 181 12 53 3,722,320 56 1,743,035 68 79,229 21 22,779 70 77 22 54 3,699,448 59 1,627,120 54 135,593 59 9,558 45 170 12 55 3,598,181 32 3,396,641 35 199,802 63 8,227 5 413 17 56 3,595,938 62 1,415,575 63 108,890 53 10,991 58 129 13 57 3,453,619 50 2,144,321 65 102,111 34 16,699 59 128 21 58 3,373,516 53 2,040,233 49 156,941 66 7,793 22 262 13 59 3,155,931 73 204,566 72 25,571 64 8,102 75 25 8 60 3,005,160 61 1,495,207 66 93,450 54 10,765 52 139 16 61 2,910,919 57 1,726,260 55 132,789 67 7,253 25 238 13 62 2,852,394 64 1,301,890 57 130,189 40 14,881 68 87 10 63 2,712,354 68 844,042 70 52,753 68 6,950 60 121 16 64 2,505,809 72 428,500 73 23,806 52 11,635 73 37 18 65 2,331,482 58 1,700,923 40 188,991 50 12,470 54 136 9 66 2,230,908 65 1,162,644 60 116,264 57 9,882 63 118 10 67 2,229,764 66 1,155,000 61 115,500 43 14,116 69 82 10 68 2,140,646 69 757,262 69 63,105 65 8,023 67 94 12 69 1,739,958 60 1,622,232 32 202,779 71 4,570 9 355 8 70 1,668,245 67 850,115 64 106,264 72 3,760 30 226 8 71 1,000,478 76 114,541 76 16,363 61 8,483 77 14 7 72 914,470 75 115,000 75 19,167 76 2,600 72 44 6 73 830,212 74 118,000 74 23,600 73 3,741 74 32 5 74 805,020 70 523,841 56 130,960 77 1,404 8 373 4 75 596,019 77 65,775 77 13,155 75 3,527 76 19 5 76 509,849 78 0 78 0 78 0 78 0 2 77 504,360 71 443,700 67 88,740 74 3,688 61 120 5 78 0 26 4,695,887 50 156,530 4 35,468 55 132 30

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97 The Physiologist Membership Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003 New Regular Members *Transferred from Student Membership Joseph C. Anderson Geoffrey A. Head Robert Porszasz Univ. of Michigan Baker Med. Research Inst., Australia Debrecen Univ., Hungary Sighvatur S. Arnason Peter Ward Hickmott Fabrice Prieur Univ. of Iceland Univ. of California, Riverside Univ. of Artois, France Leonard F. Arnolda Robert C. Hickner Eric Raddatz Royal Perth Hosp., Australia East Carolina Univ., NC Univ. of Lausanne, Switzerland Carol Asher Michelle A. Hladunewich Michael Rubart Weizmann Inst. of Science, Israel Sunnybrook Women s College, Canada Indiana Univ. School of Med. Santhosh M. Baby Jeffrey F. Horowitz Seema Saksena Univ. of Pennsylvania Univ. of Michigan Univ. of Illinois, Chicago Sujoy Bhattacharya Jay Hove Albert G. Sarkis Univ. of Tennessee California Inst. of Technology Medical College of Wisconsin Patrice Guy Bouyer Richard Albert Howlett* Fred R. Sattler Yale Univ., CT Univ. of California, San Diego Univ. of Southern California Marco de Paula Brotto Daniel Yung-Yu Hung Edward Todd Schroeder Case Western Reserve Univ., OH Univ. of Queensland, Australia Univ. of Southern California Ronald L. Calabrese Yoshifumi Kawanabe Stylianes P. Scordilis Emory University, GA Brigham and Women s Hosp., MA Smith College, MA Christie M. Cefaratti* Jane Leopold Enn Seppet Case Western Reserve Univ., OH Whitaker CVI-Boston Univ., MA Univ. of Tartu, Estonia Weng-Cheng W. Chang Zhonghua Li Qing Song China Medical Univ., Taiwan Univ. of Tennessee HSC Morehouse School of Medicine, GA Brahim Chaqour Xiaoqiu Liu Larry Allen Sonna Univ. of Pennsylvania Univ. of California USARIEM, Natick, MA Niraj Suresh Desai Xiao Lu Jorge M. Suarez Neuroscience Institute, San Diego, CA Univ. of California, Irvine Univ. of California, San Diego Liping Du Rong Ma* Dusan Suput Indiana Univ. Univ. of Oklahoma HSC Ljubljana-Inst. of Pathophysiol., Jinhong Duan Elisa Magosso Slovenia Univ. of Wyoming Univ. of Bologna, Italy Dalton J. Surmeier Brian Eigel Glenn A. McDonald Northwestern Univ. IL Univ. of Kentucky Univ. of Texas, Houston Judith Catelli Sved Nicholas R. Ferreri Bruce A. Molitoris Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA New York Medical College Indiana Univ. Xiao-Di Tan Michael F.A. Finley James R. Moyer, Jr. Children s Mem. Hosp., Chicago, IL Johnson & Johnson Pharm. R&D, NJ Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Leslie Tung David J. Fulton Suzanne L. Munns Johns Hopkins Univ., MD Medical College of Georgia Univ. of California, Irvine Peter V. Usatyuk Carla Deneen Gardner* Matthias Nahrendorf Johns Hopkins Univ., MD Vanderbilt Univ. Med. Ctr., TN Universitat Wurzburg, Germany Matt M. Vijayan Carol A. Gibbons Kroeker Koichi Nakayama Univ. of Waterloo, Canada Univ. of Calgary, Canada Univ. of Shizuoka, Japan Lee Wen-Shin Wayne R. Giles Brendon Stewart Noble Taipei Vet. Gen. Hosp., Univ. of Calgary, Canada Univ. of Edinbourgh, Scotland Peoples Rep. of China Ravinder K. Gill Earl G. Noble Xu Wang Univ. of Illinois, Chicago Univ. of Western Ontario, Canada Univ. of Med. Dentistry, NJ Michael E. Goldberg Phillip S. Oates Jeremy P. T. Ward Columbia Univ., NY Univ. of Western Australia King s College London, UK Jorge Pablo Golowasch Toshimasa Osaka Burton M. Wice New Jersey Inst. of Technology Nat l. Inst. Health/Nutrition, Japan Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., MO Jody Lynn Gookin Michel Pare* Jianye Xu North Carolina State Univ. AstraZeneca, Canada Louisiana State HSC Lisa Griffin* Geoffrey W. Payne Baojian Xue Univ. of Texas, Austin John B. Pierce Laboratory, CT Univ. of Missouri, Columbia Karsten Gronert* Ilka Pinz Xiao-Ping Yang Brigham & Women s Hosp., MA Brigham & Women s Hosp., MA Henry Ford Hosp., Detroit, MI Robert L. Hammond* Karen I. Plaut Wayne State Univ., MI Univ. of Vermont

98 The Physiologist Membership Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003 New Student Members David L.C. Alders Nicole J. Garbarini Prithwish Pal Inst. for Cardio. Res., Amsterdam Vanderbilt Univ., TN Univ. of Rochester, NY Annette A. Angus Nilanjan Guha Cassandra Eugenia Palmer California State Univ. St. John s Univ., NY North Carolina Central Univ. Alena Banasova Sepideh H. Hagvall Vit Perlik Charles Univ., Czech Republic Sahlgrenska Univ. Hosp., Sweden Univ. of Tennessee Traly Becker Elaina L. Hall Andrew Philp Idaho State Univ. Lake Superior State Univ., MI Univ. of Brighton, UK Shawn B. Bender Darren S. Hoffmann Floreis J.G. Pietzsch Ohio Univ. Univ. of Iowa Univ. of Brighton, United Kingdom Arthur R. Bouwman Susan F. Hudachek Kenneth S. Pizzolitto Vrije Univ. Med. Ctr., Amsterdam Colorado State Univ. Univ. of Waterloo, Canada Jacquelyn Jo Bower Cory C. Jackson Damon Todd Poburko Natl. Inst. for Occ. Safety & Hlth, WV Univ. of Calgary, Canada Univ. of British Columbia, Canada Holly N. Brevig Yi Jing Steven John Prior Univ. of California, Irvine West Virginia Univ. Univ. of Maryland Dalibor Breznan Rick K. Johns Jennifer B. Ray Health Canada, Ontario Univ. of Arizona Kean Univ., NJ Keith R. Brunt Kamisha L. Johnson-Davis Janet Marie Rice Univ. of Saskatchewan, Canada Univ. of Utah Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City Sean M. Burke Jainuch Kanchanapoo Jenny Renee Roberts San Diego State Univ., CA Mahidol Univ., Thailand Nat. Inst. for Occ. Safety & Hlth, WV Nellie E. Byun Muralidhar Kannan Hector Romo-Parra Vanderbilt Univ., TN Univ. of Louisville, KY Natl. Univ. of Mexico Fernanda R.O. Calderon Adite Khera Marjon Hendrika Roos Univ. of Hawaii Univ. of Houston, TX Virje Univ. Med. Ctr., Amsterdam Justin S. Catches Syed Ali Khurrum Jamie H. Rosenblum Georgia Southern Univ. Pepperdine Univ., CA Harvard Sch. of Public Health, MA Yongyae Chen Ellen Krimitsos Monica B. Sandberg Univ. of Texas Med. Branch Univ. of New England Univ. of Southern California Gurunadh Reddy Chichili Lei Li Aurora Shehu Univ. of Holenheim, Germany SUNY, Downstate Med. Ctr., NY Univ. of Illinois, Chicago Robert C. Clipsham Willmann Liang Jill Lynn Smith Univ. of California, Los Angeles Univ. of British Columbia, Canada St. Louis Univ., MO Chandra M. Coleman Mike T. Lin Kerri-Jo Smithurst St. Louis Univ., MO Loma Linda Univ., CA Univ. of Guelph, Canada Kara Joyce Collins Jennifer L. Losapio Norman Earl Taylor Univ. of Louisville, KY St. Louis Univ., MO Medical College of Wisconsin Erik Michael Conrad John David Lowman Michael Anton Tevold Univ. of North Florida Virginia Commonwealth Univ. Virginia Commonwealth Univ. Emily Ann Cordas Adam Lee MacDonald Valory Rae Anna Thatcher Dartmouth Med. Sch., NH Univ. of Brighton, UK Portland State Univ., OR Yun Dai Cheri L. Mackenzie David M. Thomson Univ. of Mississippi Med. Ctr. McMaster Univ., Canada East Carolina Univ., NC Daisy La Dawn Daubert Rolando A. Maldonado Mingjie Tong Oregon Health Sciences Univ. California State Univ. Univ. of Toledo, OH Robert Bryan Dorman Maria Maraki Jannine Giang Troung Univ. of Arkansas for Med. Sciences Harokopio Univ., Greece Univ. of Utah Scott D. Doughman Melissa Marie Markofski Abigail D. Turpyn Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison California State Polytechnic Virginia Polytechnic Inst. Craig A. Emter Christopher Mazzochi Jeric Uy Univ. of Colorado Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham Univ. of Adelaide, Australia Michelle M. Farberman Gregory T. Mullen Marco Edwin Van Teijlingen St. Louis Univ., MO Univ. of Northern Colorado Vrije Univ., Amsterdam Mario A. Ferrari Sajio A. Noor Mark Paul Walberg Univ. of Santos, Brazil Univ. of Delaware Univ. of California, Los Angeles Joan P. Forder Wendy O Neill Shu-Jung Wang Medical College of Wisconsin Univ. of Guelph, Canada Kaohsiung Med. Univ., Taiwan

99 The Physiologist Membership Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Laura E. Willems Linda Yip Zhifang Zhao Griffith Univ., Australia Univ. of British Columbia Univ. of Texas, Galveston Feng Wu Alejandra Young Lan Zhou Univ. of Western Ontario, Canada California State Univ., Northridge Univ. of Mississippi Med. Ctr. Soo Jin Yang Yongge Zhao Univ. of California, Davis Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA New Affiliate Member Howard J. Thiery Greater Hartford Academy, CT

100 The Physiologist Education Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Frontiers in Physiology: Integrating Inquiry, Equity and the Internet 2003 Teacher and Research Host Awards

APS is pleased to announce the include a weeklong teaching forum ment units and develop and field-test 2003 awardees for the Frontiers in during which the teachers explore of their own inquiry-based classroom Physiology Professional Development inquiry-based teaching, physiology activity and concludes when the teach- Fellowship. This nationwide fellow- lessons, the use of the Internet in the ers attend Experimental Biology 2004. ship pairs a middle or high school classroom and equity issues in science More information is available at teacher with an APS member to con- education. The Fellowship continues http://www.the-aps.org/education/ duct research during the summer. after the summer as the teachers par- frontiers/index.htm. ❖ Other components of the fellowship ticipate in online professional develop- 2003 Frontiers in Physiology Professional Development Fellowship Awardees and their APS Hosts Christin Arnini Bonnie Moody Cooperative Arts & Humanities High School, New Haven, CT Cabot Junior High School, Cabot, AR Host: Michael J. Caplan Host: Parimal Chowdhury Yale Univ. School of Medicine, CT Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Barbara Behnke Sandra Nichols Winamac Community High School, Winamac, IN James Island Middle School, Charleston, SC Host: Kenneth R. Olson Host: George Tempel Indiana Univ. School of Medicine Medical College of South Carolina Rebecca Carney Mary O’Leary Sherwood Gaines Middle School, Durham, NC St. Andrews School of Math and Science, Charleston, SC Host: Jo Rae Wright Host: George Tempel Duke Univ. Medical Center, NC Medical College of South Carolina Timothy Craddock Sonal Patel Benito Juarez Community Academy, Chicago, IL Pomona High School, Pomona, CA Host: Robert B. Robey Host: Steven J. Wickler Univ. of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine California Polytechnic Univ. Timothy Crane Elizabeth Quick James River High School, Midlothian, VA John Marshall High School, San Antonio, TX Host: John R. Grider Host: Dean L. Kellogg, Jr. Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth Univ. Univ. of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Linda Dearth-Monroe Larissa Raven Warren Central High School, Indianapolis, IN Emerson High School, Union City, NJ Host: Martin Kaefer/C. Subah Packer Host: Jeffrey W. Holmes Indiana Univ. School of Medicine Columbia Univ. Melissa Gildehaus Alita Thompson Rock Bridge High School, Columbia, MO New Endeavors Separate School, North Charleston, SC Host: Mark A. Milanick Host: George Tempel Univ. of Missouri Medical College of South Carolina Melissa Maringer Judy Toledano Buckeye Valley High School, Delaware, OH Lakeland Copper Beech Middle School, Yorktown, NY Host: Paul M. L. Janssen Host: John G. Edwards Ohio State Univ. New York Medical College

101 The Physiologist Education Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Welcome to University of Nebraska at Kearney’s Local Outreach Team In September 2002, the APS Education Office welcomed a new University of Nebraska at Kearney s Local Outreach Team Local Outreach Team (LOT) to the Frontiers in Physiology program. The Janet Steele (LOT Leader) Patrick Kudlacek University of Nebraska at Kearney s Department of Biology Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics LOT is led by APS member Janet E. University of Nebraska at Kearney Univ. of Nebraska Medical Center Steele and includes members from Kearney, NE Omaha, NE local school districts and researchers Michael Derr Vicki LePorte from area universities and organiza- Executive Director High School Science Teacher tions. (See inset for the full list.) LOT Edgerton Explorit Center Lexington Public Schools participants traveled two+ hours by Aurora, NE Lexington, NE car, and the workshop facilitators flew Joe Ford Thomas Pisarri in from Indiana for the January 17, Research Physiologist Department of Biomedical Sciences 2003 Training Institute, and received USDA Meat Animal Research Ctr. Creighton University a warm Nebraska welcome despite the Clay Center, NE Omaha, NE cold weather. Karen Gottsch Dan Widick Local Outreach Teams (LOTs) are High School Science Teacher High School Science Teacher the grassroots arm of the APS Cambridge Public Schools Eustis Public School Frontiers in Physiology (http://www. Cambridge, NE Eustis, NE the-aps.org/education/frontiers/index .htm) program. LOTs disseminate The leaders of the LOTs are APS Nebraska at Kearney (UNK) LOT, two physiology-based curriculum and members. The teams include physiolo- veteran LOT participants traveled to resources to middle and high school gists (and/or other biomedical Nebraska to facilitate the Training life science teachers via in-service researchers), local middle and high Institute C. Subah Packer, who in workshops. A primary goal of the LOT school teachers, and, often, represen- 1997 established the LOT at the program is to build connections tatives from the local school system. Indiana University School of Medicine between physiology researchers and LOT leaders submit an application for in Indianapolis, IN and Sandra Mahl, local teachers and schools. The first funding to support their in-service a teacher at Seymour Elementary LOTs were established in 1995 at the workshops. APS members interested School in Seymour, IN. The Training University of California, San Diego in starting an LOT can contact the Institute took place on January 17, and Ohio State University. The pro- Education Office (education@the- 2003 in Aurora, NE. Aurora was cho- gram has grown steadily since then to aps.org) for more information. sen as the midway point for the team a total of 25 LOTs across the country, The APS Education Office organized members and the Edgerton Explorit ranging from Montana to New York to a Training Institute for the new LOT Center, a hands-on science center, Texas to Wisconsin. members. For the University of hosted the group in its training facility.

LOT members demonstrate the relationship of exercise and the body tissue s need for oxygen. In the How Does Exercise Affect the Cardiovascular System activity, the muscle LOT members Janet Steele, the LOT team leader, Pat tissues (Michael Derr and Karen Gottsch) use Kudlacek, and Karen Gottsch try their hand at one of up some of the blood s (Dan Widick s) oxy- the Elvis Experiments from the Physiology of Fitness gen as the heart (Joe Ford) prepares to move unit for high school students. the blood back to the lungs for a refill.

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Karen Gottsch checks Joe Ford s blood pressure in The LOT Training Workshop facilitators, C. Subah the What Effects Does Exercise Have on You? activ- Packer and Sandi Mahl, pause (briefly) for a photo ity from the Physiology of Fitness Unit. LOT mem- before they head back to Indiana. ber, Michael Derr, the Executive Director of the Edgerton Explorit Center, observes Karen s technique. During the Training Institute, the physiology important in exercise and Frontiers in Physiology program UNK LOT worked through the entire fitness. The Training Institute which is funded by the APS, the Physiology of Fitness learning cycle wrapped up with time for the UNK National Center for Research unit, as well as explored the concepts LOT to plan for its own workshops, Resources (NCRR), Science Education behind inquiry-based learning and which are scheduled for June 2 and Partnership Awards (SEPA Grant how to address equity in the science June 9, 2003 at the university, and at #RR15251), and the National Institute classroom. The workshop included the Nebraska Association of Teachers of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney doing hands-on inquiry-based physiol- of Science annual conference in Diseases (NIDDK Grant #DK 39306) ogy experiments that explore aspects October 2003. at the National Institutes of Health. of cardiovascular and respiratory The LOT program is part of the ❖

APS Sustaining Associate Members The Society gratefully acknowledges the contributions received from Sustaining Members in support of the Society s goals and objectives.

Abbott Laboratories Harvard Apparatus Procter & Gamble Co. ADInstruments Janssen Research Foundation Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Astra Arcus USA, Inc. Eli Lilly and Company W. B. Saunders Company Axon Instruments, Inc. The Mack Printing Group Schering-Plough Res. Inst. Berlex Biosciences Merck and Company, Inc. G. D. Searle and Company Gould, Inc. Nycomed, Inc. SmithKline Beecham Pharm. The Gatorade Company Pfizer, Inc. The Grass Foundation Pharmacia and Upjohn, Inc.

103 The Physiologist Publications Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

CiteTrack: Your Free Email-Alerting Service Finds Articles You Might Have Missed

We continue to present the features all of Medline (over 4,500 journals). interests. of the new portal site from the The choice is yours. How to set up CiteTrack alerts: Stanford s HighWire Library of In the near future, you ll be able to Just click on the My Email Alerts Sciences and Medicine, which allows tell CiteTrack that you are interested link on the HighWire home page at you to search all of Medline as well as in certain topics defined by detailed http://highwire.stanford.edu. From the full-text articles from over 360 jour- subject categories and have My Email Alerts page you can create nals, including all of the APS journals. CiteTrack tell you whenever new con- an alert by author, by words in the The portal site is at http://highwire. tent is published in your favorite cate- title or abstract, or by text anywhere stanford.edu. gories. This will allow you to match in an article. When HighWire Press interviewed your specific interests without having The My Email Alerts page also scientists about their needs for infor- to figure out all the possible keywords shows you all your Email tables of con- mation retrieval and access, one of the and authors that determine those tents alerts ( eTOCs ) as well as major points was that researchers and interests. You ll be able to receive a allows you to sign up for having con- their labs could scan only a few dozen daily or weekly list of articles pub- tent delivered to your Palm/PDA. You journals among a lab team in terms of lished the table of contents for a vir- can also decide to be notified when the examining them for important arti- tual journal that matches just your Articles in PresS (articles published cles. One lab reported on an informal time-limited study in which they Figure 1. found 30 articles related to the lab s work in their usual journals, but when they looked broadly across many other journals, they found another 30 articles that were relevant and would have been overlooked. HighWire s new portal has a solution to this problem. It s called CiteTrack, a free automated alerting service that can alert you on articles that match your interests by daily checking all new content in Medline and all of the new full-text articles in over 360 HighWire-based journals. You can focus on your core journals and let the CiteTrack service track hundreds or thousands of other journals for you. If CiteTrack finds a match with a term or author you have specified, you will get an Email the same day the article is published. The Email gives you the full author/title/citation to the newly published article plus a hyper- link to get you right to it. You can register as many CiteTrack alerts as you would like, each with a different set of keywords and/or authors. You can also be alerted when articles of interest to you are cited and see who cited them (perhaps citations to your own articles!). You can tell CiteTrack to look only in particular journals (perhaps the ones in your journal club), in journals that publish in particular topics, in all 360+ HighWire-based journals full-text articles, or across all of HighWire plus

104 The Physiologist Publications Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Figure 2. ahead of print) are published in your journal of choice. Figure 1 shows the summary of alerts you will get on the My Email Alerts page. If you look for the links to Add an alert, you ll see how to create a new alert. Figure 2 shows how easy it is to add an alert once you ve clicked on the Add link from the previous page: you just fill out a form as if you were going to do a search! In fact, this is the way CiteTrack works: it does a search for you, and whenever it retrieves something it hasn t retrieved before, it emails you. (The partial list of topics is shown in Figure 2.) If you are not a registered user of the HighWire portal or haven t signed in when you clicked on My Alerts, you ll see a link to register or sign in. Registration takes only a minute or two; it s fast and free. And once you ve registered, other new features dis- cussed in this series become available to you, such as My Favorite Journals. ❖

APS Unveils an Open Access Choice for Authors of Physiological Genomics

Starting July 1, 2003, authors of or any library. All online content asso- asked to provide a credit card number, APS s newest journal, Physiological ciated with that article (text, figures, purchase order, or check for $1,500. Genomics, can choose to pay a $1,500 supplemental material) is freely acces- Once the payment or purchase order is fee to have their article published sible. processed, that online article will be online with Open Access from the first Here s how it works: made free to all. The print and online date of publication or choose to pay no Upon acceptance, the author will be journal containing the article will still author fees and leave their article asked to download a form, where he or be available for a subscription fee, but under Subscription Access. Open she will choose author-fee-based Open that article will be free online because Access means that those online arti- Access or Subscription Access. If Open the author has paid the fee. ❖ cles are completely free to any person Access is chosen, the author will be

105 The Physiologist Publications Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Boron New Editor of News in Physiological Sciences

Walter Boron, Professor of Cellular mechanisms of action and structure- and Molecular Physiology at the Yale function relationships for all of the University School of Medicine, will above transporters. Regarding CO2 succeed Stanley Schultz as the permeability, the work of Boron s Editor of News in Physiological group on isolated-perfused gastric Sciences on July 1, 2003. Boron was glands and colonic crypts led to the born in Elyria, OH, where he received discovery of gas-impermeable mem- his education through high school. He branes. Most recently, Boron s group attended St. Louis University where has shown that water channels, such he earned an AB in chemistry summa as AQP1, are permeable to CO2 gas. cum laude in 1971. Boron then entered His group also developed a novel the Medical Scientist Training rapid-mixing technique for making Program at Washington University in out-of-equilibrium CO2/HCO 3 solu- St. Louis where he did his graduate tions with virtually any combination work under the tutelage of Albert of [CO ], [HCO ] and pH. This Walter Boron 2 3 Roos in the Department of Physiology approach, applied to the renal proxi- and Biophysics. Boron received his Na/HCO3 cotransporter, which plays a mal tubule, has recently led to the first MD and PhD degrees in 1977. After central role in HCO 3 reabsorption in physiological description of a CO2 sen- remaining with Roos for one year as a the renal proximal tubule. sor. postdoctoral fellow, Boron moved as a As an independent investigator at Boron has been an active member of postdoctoral fellow to the Department Yale, Boron continued to elucidate APS since 1981. In the Renal Section, of Physiology at Yale in 1978, and mechanisms of pHi regulation, and he served as Program Representative joined the laboratory of Emile has more recently focused in three (1984 1987) and later as Chair of the Boulpaep. In 1980, Boron joined the related areas: the molecular physiolo- Renal Section (1990 1993). The + faculty of that department. He was gy of Na -coupled HCO 3 trans- Berliner Lectureship was established promoted to Associate Professor in porters, CO2 permeability, and CO2 during his tenure as Chair. Boron 1984 and Professor in 1987. Between sensors. Regarding general principles served on the APS Council (1995 1998) 1989 and 1998, he served three three- of pHi regulation, Boron and his and then as President-Elect/President/ year terms as Chairman of the coworkers were among the pioneers in Past-President (1998 2001). The Department. using pH-sensitive dyes for monitor- Strategic Planning Meeting at Kiawah As a graduate student, using micro- ing pHi. They also developed now- Island was held during his Presidency. electrodes to measure intracellular pH standard paradigms for measuring the With the Society of General Physiolo- (pHi) in squid giant axons and giant- pHi dependencies of intracellular gists, Boron served as Treasurer barnacle muscle fibers, Boron was one buffering power and the rates of acid- (1988 1991). of the first to monitor transient base transporters. By applying these Boron s editorial experience in- changes in pHi. With Paul De Weer, paradigms to serum-starved cells cludes membership on the Editorial Boron observed and elucidated the studied in the presence versus the Boards of the American Journal of pHi changes caused by applying and absence of HCO 3, they disproved the Physiology-Renal, Fluid and Elec- + withdrawing NH3/NH 4 or theory that growth factors act by rais- trolyte Physiology (1984 1988) and the CO2/HCO 3. The result was the intro- ing pHi. Another product of this line of Journal of Physiology (London) + duction of the NH 4 prepulse tech- research was the discovery that, for (1985 1992). With the Annual Review nique, which is still widely used to acid most cells, the Na-H exchanger is of Physiology, he was a Special Section load cells, as well as the first dynamic rather active at the resting pHi. Editor of volume 48 in 1986. With evidence that cells actively regulate Regarding the molecular physiology of Physiological Reviews he was their pH. The work that Boron did HCO 3 transporters, his group cloned Associate Editor (1985 1990) and with DeWeer and with John Russell the cDNA for the first Na+-coupled then Editor (1994 1999). Finally, was pivotal in the initial description of HCO 3 transporter the renal elec- together with Boulpaep, Boron edited + the Na -driven Cl-HCO3 exchanger, trogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter. They a new, comprehensive textbook for the first acid-base transporter impli- also cloned and characterized the elec- medical and graduate students, cated in pHi regulation. As a postdoc- troneutral Na/HCO3 cotransporter Medical Physiology. A Cellular and + toral fellow, Boron, together with and the Na -driven Cl-HCO3 Molecular Approach, which was pub- Boulpaep, discovered the electrogenic exchanger, and continue to elucidate lished by Saunders in 2003.

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Boron was a Searle Scholar from Robert F. Pitts Lectureship Award Association for the Advancement of 1981 1984. He won the Young from the Renal Commission of the Science. Boron s research is funded by Investigator Award of the American International Union of Physiological the National Institutes of Health and Society of Nephrology and the Sciences. In 1998, he received the Carl the Office of Naval Research. In 2002, American Heart Association in 1986. W. Gottschalk Distinguished Boron received a MERIT award from For excellence in teaching at Yale, Lectureship Award from the Renal the NIDDK. ❖ Boron received the Charles W. Section of the American Physiological Bohmfalk Teaching Award in 1993. Society. That same year, he was also That same year, he received the elected a Fellow of the American

Cowley New Editor of Physiological Genomics

On July 1, 2003, Allen W. Cowley, his collaborations uncovered the Jr., Professor and Chairman of the importance of medullary blood flow Department of Physiology at the and related changes in renal intersti- Medical College of Wisconsin, will be tial pressure mechanism of pressure- the new editor of Physiological diuresis. He has pioneered studies in Genomics. Cowley completed his PhD conscious rats exploring the role of the degree training in physiology in 1968 renal medulla and demonstrated that with John Scott at Hahnemann small reductions of blood flow to the Medical School in Philadelphia, PA. renal medulla alone can result in sodi- He then joined Arthur Guyton at the um retention and hypertension. University of Mississippi Medical Studies in his laboratory have also Center for postdoctoral training in demonstrated that chronic elevations 1968 and continued in that depart- of blood volume as small as five per- ment until 1980. He was visiting pro- cent could result in locally induced fessor of physiology at Harvard increases (autoregulation) of total sys- Medical School in 1974 and 1975, Allen W. Cowley, Jr. temic vascular resistance supporting working with Clifford Barger and the hypothesis that initial reductions Claude Lechene. In 1980, he was bilization of arterial blood pressure, of renal excretory function with only appointed the Chairman of the they did not determine the long-term small expansion of blood volume can Department of Physiology at the set point around which arterial pres- lead to significant increases of sys- Medical College of Wisconsin in sure oscillated. He pioneered the use temic vascular resistance. Milwaukee, WI. of continuous, 24-hour recording tech- Since 1993, his work has been The central theme of his research niques coupled with computer averag- directed toward searching for regions has been related to the study of renal ing to quantify long-term average lev- on rat and human chromosomes that and vascular mechanisms involved in els of arterial blood pressure and segregate with the physiological path- the long-term control of arterial pres- demonstrated that sinoaortic barore- ways that determine arterial blood sure. His research during the first ceptor denervation did not alter the pressure (quantitative trait loci) using decade of his career was focused on average level of blood pressure. His human subjects and inbred lines of whole animal systems physiological work with the renin-angiotensin and rats. The applications of molecular studies of cardiovascular and renal the vasopressin systems represented genetics to the understanding of phys- function. During the past decade, his the first studies to quantitate the iological function represents the cen- research has focused additionally on open-loop feedback gain of these blood tral theme of most of his current the applications of molecular pressure control systems. research. This work has recently cul- genomics to the understanding of com- Much of Cowley s work has focused minated in the first comprehensive plex physiological processes. on achieving an understanding of the systems biology genetic map of cardio- His early work on the baroreceptor relationship between body fluid vol- vascular function published in Science reflexes in dogs demonstrated that ume and arterial pressure regulation in 2001. With the sequencing of the rat although the baroreceptors participat- and the integration of these two ele- genome now complete, Cowley is now ed importantly in the short-term sta- ments. Studies in his laboratory and (continued on page 108)

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(continued from page 107) Council, and the Inter-American Determinants and Controllers now in using techniques of chromosomal sub- Society of Hypertension. He has its 26th year of continuous funding. stitution in rats (consomic and con- served as Chairman for the Council He co-directs an NIH Program of genic) together with large DNA for High Blood Pressure Research of Genomic Applications (PGA) for the expression arrays to determine the AHA and as President of the development of genetic model organ- relationship of specific genetic path- Association of Chairmen of isms that will link genes to function. ways to complex physiological and Departments of Physiology. He cur- He is the director of a NIH training pathophysiological pathways. rently serves as the President of the grant in high blood pressure research Cowley has authored more than 235 International Union of Physiological and, throughout his career, has publications and has contributed Sciences. He has served on numerous trained more than 30 postdoctoral fel- chapters to 32 books. He has been an NIH study sections including the lows and students. He received the active member of the APS since 1972, NHLBI Advisory Council and has Distinguished Achievement Award of serving as Councillor for the Society served on more than 10 editorial the Scientific Councils of the AHA in for five years, Chairman of the Water boards, including three journals of 1996 and the Novartis Award from the and Electrolyte Homeostasis Section APS. Council for High Blood Pressure and most recently, President of the Cowley is director of the NIH Research of the AHA in 1997. He was Society in 1998. He has also served on Specialized Center for Hypertension the 1996 Ernest H. Starling the executive councils of several other Research at the Medical College of Distinguished Lecturer of the APS scientific societies, including the Wisconsin, which has as its emphasis Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis American Heart Association (AHA) the search for genes responsible for Section and the 2002 recipient of the Council for High Blood Pressure high blood pressure. He directs the Walter B. Cannon Award of the APS. Research, the AHA Basic Science NIH Program Blood Pressure- ❖

Montrose New Editor of AJP-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Marshall (Chip) Montrose, regulation. He recently realized that Professor of Cellular and Integrative he has published research work on Physiology at Indiana University, will every segment of the GI tract from the succeed Martin Kagnoff as Editor- mouth to colon. His recent application in-Chief of the American Journal of of advanced microscopy methods to Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver living native tissue in vivo and in vitro Physiology in July 2003. Born in have allowed unprecedented opportu- Bethesda, MD (under the shadow of nities for exploring parts of cells and the NIH from an early age), he tissues that have historically defied received his BS in Mathematics and deep analysis. Most notably, explo- Zoology from the University of rations of pH microdomains surround- Maryland in 1977. After working as a ing epithelial cells have both raised technician at the NIH for two years, and answered questions about the reg- he decided to pursue a PhD in ulation of acid/base transporters in Biophysics under the watchful eye of the intimate spaces near membranes. George Kimmich at the University Chip Montrose He has been an Associate Editor for of Rochester, NY. Graduating in 1984, AJP-GI and editorial board member he went to Switzerland for joyful post- renal epithelial cells. After ten years for AJP-Cell Physiology for a number doctoral work with Heini Murer.In at Johns Hopkins, he took his current of years. He currently serves as a 1988, Mark Donowitz bravely position at Indiana University. Councilor for the Intestinal Disorders recruited him to join the GI Division His research has been dominated by section of the American Gastroentero- in the Department of Medicine at developing an understanding about logical Association and also recently Johns Hopkins University as the membrane physiology of gastroin- served as councillor for the Cell and Assistant Professor, despite the fact testinal epithelial cells, with a passion Molecular Physiology Section of APS. that his postdoctoral work was in for understanding acid/base transport ❖

108 The Physiologist APS Web News Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Look for the Redesigned APS Web Site Coming in July APS is proud to announce that a So far this year, APS is averaging over Online payment system (APS Store, completely redesigned web site will be 1,000,000 hits a month. Also on the Membership Dues, and Publication available soon. The new look was rise has been the number of distinct Subscriptions) designed with the user in mind. We hosts to visit the APS web site. In 2001 Legislative Action Center have added pop-up menus as well as there were an average of 18,435 dis- Mentoring Section department overview pages and quick tinct hosts and in 2002 the average Redesigned Careers Section links. APS goal is to make finding was 29,548 distinct hosts, an increase All have been great successes and information on our web site as easy as of 38%. So far in 2003, APS is averag- very well received. possible for our users. ing 40,453 distinct hosts per month. Please visit the APS web site often; The popularity of the APS web site In our continuing efforts to make we add new content daily. If you have continues to grow. In 2001 APS aver- our web site user friendly, we added any questions or comments, please for- aged 681,00 hits per month and in several new features in 2002 that ward them to the APS Webmaster at: 2002 we averaged over 940,000 hits a include: [email protected]. ❖ month, an increase of more than 38%.

109 The Physiologist Public Affairs Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

lution is in place, the Appropriations the study of dynamic processes within APS Submits Testimony On Committees divide up spending the body, is the root of modern medical authority among the 13 subcommit- science. The Society was founded in FY 2004 NIH Funding tees that actually draft the legislation 1887 and today has nearly 11,000 Each year the APS participates in that funds government agencies. NIH members in academic research insti- the congressional budget process by falls within the purview of the Labor- tutions, industry, and government submitting public witness testimony HHS-Education Subcommittees. Even throughout the country. with recommendations for NIH fund- though the House and Senate are Our nation s investment in NIH ing. For the FY 2004 fiscal year that working from the same budget resolu- research has brought about enormous begins on October 1, 2003, the APS tion, they often divide up subcommit- progress. Researchers have now com- supports the recommendations of the tee allocations differently, and this can pleted a working draft of the human FASEB Consensus Conference and cause complications. Each subcommit- genome, giving us the framework to the Ad Hoc Group for Medical tee drafts its spending bill, which is understand how genetics contributes Research Funding to provide the NIH approved first by the full committee to health and disease. However, map- with a 10% funding increase. This will and then by the House or Senate, as ping the genome is only the beginning. enable the NIH to capitalize on the the case may be. Differences between The promising new field of physiologi- momentum achieved through dou- the House and Senate versions of the cal genomics seeks to make the con- bling the agency s budget. bill must be reconciled by a conference nection between genetic makeup and The APS statement on FY 2004 committee. The resulting compromise physiological function. Through physi- funding for the NIH is below. legislation must then be approved by ological genomics we can determine Public witness testimony provides both Houses before being sent to the how specific genes function and how an opportunity for interested parties President for his signature. There is genes influence our health, either to tell Congress their views on govern- room to add or subtract funds from alone or in concert with other genes ment programs. This is one step along individual bills, but when the last and environmental factors. the road to the annual federal budget. appropriation bill is approved, total The genomics revolution has According to the official legislative spending must conform to the already altered clinical practice in sev- timetable, the budget process should approved budget plan. The complexity eral areas of medicine. Newly identi- start on the first Monday in February of this process naturally lends itself to fied gene mutations have been linked with the submission of the President s a bumpy and winding road, which is to specific diseases ranging from budget to Congress and should end no exacerbated as Democrats and breast cancer to cardiomyopathy. The later than September 30, which is the Republicans, Representatives and presence or absence of these muta- last day of the fiscal year. Senators, and Congress and the tions now guides clinicians in monitor- In reality, the road from the President all jockey to win support for ing and treating these various dis- President s budget request to his sig- their priorities. eases. Identifying these mutations has nature on the finished appropriation *********************************** also helped us understand more fully is long and difficult both in terms of The American Physiological how these diseases progress and bet- procedure and politics, and may Society Statement on FY 2004 ter ways to treat them. extend days, weeks, or months into the Funding For the National Inserting or deleting a gene usually next fiscal year. Along the way, the Institutes of Health gives us a good understanding of what House and Senate each create a bud- it does. Because genes function in sim- get resolution based upon expected The American Physiological Society ilar ways across species, in many cases revenues as well as spending (APS) wishes to thank the it is possible to study what a gene does allowances for federal activities in Subcommittee for its support for the by inserting it into an animal. Many broad categories such as defense, sci- National Institutes of Health (NIH). such transgenic animal models of ence, and health. The two chambers The doubling of the NIH budget over disease are being developed through must then reconcile any differences the past five years has enabled the the addition or elimination of specific between their two plans. Even as the NIH to greatly enhance the scope of its genes. This is an enormously impor- Budget Committees are doing their research into a wide range of diseases, tant development for those who suffer work, the House and Senate disabilities, and health challenges. from genetic diseases for which no Appropriations Committees hold hear- This is a wise investment that will therapy is currently available. ings on the president s recommenda- produce benefits in coming years for Transgenic animal models make it tions. They take testimony from cabi- the people of our nation and the world. possible to systematically study the net secretaries, agency officials, and The APS wishes to offer its recom- effects of a disease and to develop interested public witnesses. This is mendations for FY 2004 funding for ways to treat it. where testimony from the APS, the NIH. The APS is a professional Our Society recognizes that the FASEB, the Ad Hoc Group, and others association dedicated to advancing United States faces challenges at come in. research and education in the physio- home and abroad, and that you as Once the congressional budget reso- logical sciences. Physiology, which is Members of Congress must address

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these challenges by balancing many a threat, there are other diseases that redesign of the Legislative Action competing needs. A commitment to the are already taking a toll on our people, Center. To visit the site, go to health of the nation through the con- and we need to respond to those needs. http://www.the-aps.org, and click first tinuing support of the NIH is one Secondly, a broad research program on Public Affairs and then on important contributor to finding solu- helps to develop a base of knowledge Legislative Action Center. tions for many of the challenges that and skilled personnel to meet whatev- The new APS Legislative Action lie ahead. The APS therefore joins er health challenges we may face. Center features news and action with the Federation of American Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome alerts about the use of animals in Societies for Experimental Biology (SARS) provides an excellent example research, biomedical research issues, (FASEB) and the Ad Hoc Group for of an emerging disease that poses an and how to become a research advo- Medical Research Funding in recom- imminent threat to our nation s cate. Special features include a guide mending a 10% increase in FY 2004 to health. We need to be able to deter- to meeting with elected officials and enable the NIH to sustain its research mine as quickly as possible how such the html and pdf versions of the efforts. diseases spread, what can be done to brochure Questions People Ask About The administration claims that its protect people against them, and what Animals In Research. . .With Answers budget proposal will provide a 7.5% can be done to treat those who get the From the American Physiological increase in NIH research. It further disease. Society. promises that this budget will enable Another reason to keep our research The major topic areas include: the NIH to support the highest num- efforts broad is the need to develop Animals in Research (http://www. ber of new and competing grants in medically useful information from our the-aps.org/pub_affairs/leg_act_cntr/ history. However, a closer look reveals knowledge of the genome. One of our animalissues.htm): This module pro- that these objectives would be great challenges in the decades ahead vides links to legislation and regula- achieved at the expense of other will be to determine how genes and tions involving animal research. It important aspects of the NIH program. proteins cause changes in physiology also has news stories highlighting cur- The 7.5% increase for research and behavior. This will be an enor- rent issues surrounding the use of ani- would be made possible by diverting mous and difficult task because of its mals in science, and a resource list of resources from programs such as complexity, a complexity that far other organizations that support the research training. This is shortsighted exceeds the challenge of decoding the humane use of animals in biomedical at a time when we are facing a serious human genome itself. Nevertheless, research. workforce problem. Americans stu- this is an important and worthwhile Biomedical Research Issues dents have become increasingly endeavor because the discoveries that (http://www.the-aps.org/pub_affairs/ unwilling to enter careers in biomedi- are made will provide enormous bene- leg_act_cntr/issues.htm): Included on cal research. This is rational behavior fits to human health. this page are links to FASEB s popular on their part. Research involves a long One important feature of the Breakthroughs in Bioscience arti- training period during which compen- President s FY 2004 budget proposal cles, essays and reports on the benefits sation is inadequate compared with is $35 million for the Roadmap strat- of biomedical research, as well as links other fields that require similar peri- egy developed by NIH Director Elias to major federal government resources ods of education and training. Two Zerhouni. Zerhouni developed this such as Congress, the White House years ago the NIH announced its plan to enhance the effectiveness of and the Library of Congress bill track- intention to address this problem by the NIH. It identifies critical areas ing system. increasing stipends by 10% per year where additional attention is needed. FY 2004 Budget Information: for students in postdoctoral training. The APS supports the NIH Roadmap (http://www.the-aps.org/pub_affairs/ The plan was to make those increases as a thoughtful way to focus our leg_act_cntr/fy2004.htm): The newly- until trainee compensation could be investments now in ways that will created budget information page has raised to appropriate levels. However, address issues critical to future links to articles and analysis on the the administration s budget proposal progress. FY 2004 budget and appropriations abandons this effort because it pro- The APS urges this Subcommittee process, with an emphasis on life sci- vides only a 4% increase for trainee to build upon the foundation made ences funding agencies including the stipends. possible through the doubling and pro- NIH, NSF,VA Medical and Prosthetics The administration s budget rightly vide the NIH with a 10% increase in Research, and NASAs Office of places an emphasis on research into FY 2004. Biological and Physical Research. defenses against chemical and biologi- Becoming A Research Advocate cal weapons. However, it fails to pro- (http://www.the-aps.org/pub_affairs/ vide adequate funding for on-going leg_act_cntr/become_advocate_biomed research into other health problems. New Legislative Action Center .htm): This page is intended to help Our nation must pursue a broad scientists become more effective advo- research program for many reasons. The American Physiological Society cates for biomedical research. The In the first place, while bioterrorism is (APS) is pleased to announce a (continued on page 112)

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(continued from page 111) vance to current events. Stories that becoming familiar with the news out- material includes how to write letters relate to the local community usually let to be approached. This might mean and make calls to elected officials, as take precedence over those with no reading the newspaper, listening to well how to set up meetings with local connection. Also, stories with a the newscast, or watching the show of Members of Congress. groundbreaking result or that have an interest. Journalists respond more immediate effect on health are consid- favorably when scientists have done ered newsworthy. their homework. For example, through Media Differences. Though there reading the science section of the local Making Science News are many similarities in the definition newspaper, it is easy to see which writ- The APS Communications Commit- of newsworthy for the media outlets, ers report on medical news, which tee hosted a symposium on Making there are fundamental differences in ones report on environmental issues Science News at Experimental how newsworthy information should and which ones cover research science. Biology 2003 in San Diego. The pro- be presented to each medium. Robbins Being familiar with the reporter s beat gram was intended to acquaint scien- is an advocate of a relaxed journalist- makes it possible to direct information tists with the media and to demon- to-scientist dialogue. Journalists often to the right person in the beginning strate the steps involved in converting generalize and focus solely on the bot- and increases the chances of getting a research paper into a news story. tom line. Robbins finds that scientists publicity. The first part of the program featured best convey the big picture of their Speak Clearly. The panel warned reporters from newspaper, radio and research when they converse natural- against using scientific jargon. Many television discussing the fundamen- ly about what they do instead of talk- people think that science is over their tals of each medium and practical ing at length about specific research heads, and extensive use of scientific advice on presenting scientific infor- facts or intricate details of the experi- terminology is intimidating. However, mation to journalists. In the second ment. Anderson tries to paint a pic- the reporters cautioned against under- section, APS publicist Donna Krupa ture with words and sounds in his estimating the audience by dumbing- led a workshop on how scientists can radio reports, so it is important to be down information. They agreed that a organize the components of their descriptive when explaining science to simple, clear presentation is the best research into a media-friendly format. a radio reporter. Since producers are way to communicate science to a non- Communications Committee Chair always concerned with the photo scientific audience. Putting research Andrea Gwosdow said that the pur- opportunity and television news seg- in context with familiar issues and pose of the session was to coach scien- ments are very short, Ware said that events is also helpful. (e.g., This find- tists in media relations because if sci- images and brevity are key in televi- ing will have such and such effect on entists are able to clearly convey their sion. She cautioned that if there is no the 17 million Americans living with research to a reporter, this is the first visually stimulating aspect, television diabetes today. ) step in ensuring that accurate infor- may be the wrong medium to pursue. The second part of the symposium mation goes out to the lay public. She Relationship Building. Develop- was a workshop led by APS publicist added that learning to explain one s ing a relationship with local reporters Donna Krupa. Krupa summarized science in an understandable way can was another tactic the speakers sug- what the panelists had highlighted as be used not only to speak with jour- gested to increase individual visibility the fundamentals of each medium and nalists, but with friends, family and with the media. A first-hand view of what makes news. She reviewed the other non-scientific audiences as well. science in action makes it easier for a various types of reporters and the Gary Robbins, science writer for the reporter to accurately communicate other persons within news organiza- Orange County Register, Erik research to their audience. Therefore, tions who should receive story leads Anderson, science reporter at KPBS the panel encouraged scientists to and press releases. Krupa gave exam- San Diego, and Barbara Ware, former- invite local reporters to visit their lab- ples of the news coverage that has ly of FOX News in New York com- oratories. They also suggested writing resulted from the APS media relations prised the panel of journalists. They a note to reporters explaining (in sim- program and explained how she uses gave their insight into what makes ple terms!) personal research focus her knowledge of the media to frame science news and the best practices for and areas of expertise, then volunteer- stories in a way that will get the atten- getting scientific research covered. ing to help them understand related tion of a busy reporter on deadline. The panel made the following points: scientific concepts or act as an expert Participants followed her through What Makes News? The speakers on specific topics in the future. Finally, an exercise in messaging that convert- agreed on several elements that must they suggested that scientists respond ed their research into four media- be present for information to be con- to an editorial or article and further friendly points that could easily be sidered newsworthy. Since there is a explain or contribute to the discussion worked into a press release. Finally, better chance of exposure if the of the article based on their scientific she reviewed Interview Do s and research relates to other breaking or knowledge. Don ts to acquaint participants with recent news stories, they stressed the Get to Know Your Local what happens on an interview and the importance of timeliness and rele- Reporter. The panel recommended best ways to respond to reporters

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questions. physiology are listed together with departments in both total number of Handouts from this symposium are departments of biophysics, and anato- awards and overall monetary awards. available at http://www.the-aps.org/ my and cell biology departments are The complete set of data for these press/. also combined. departments can be found on the NIH In fiscal year 2002, Departments of website. Data for fiscal year 2002 can Physiology and Biophysics received be accessed at http://grants1.nih.gov/ 1,537 total awards totaling grants/award/trends/medschc.htm. NIH Releases Medical School $506,113,318. Additional NIH award trend data can According to the latest numbers, be accessed at http://grants1.nih.gov/ Funding Data Departments of Physiology and grants/award/awardtr.htm. ❖ The NIH Office of Extramural Biophysics ranked third out of nine Research has released data on the distribution of NIH grant funds in FY Table 1. Distribution of NIH Grant Funds By Department 2002. The data provides distribution information by medical school depart- Department Total Number of Awards Total Funding ments and ranks universities by the FY 2002 FY 2002 amount of funding received. Table 1 represents aggregate data Anatomy/Cell Biology 1,158 $380,708,115 for nine categories of medical school Biochemistry 1,638 515,771,376 departments. It compares the total Genetics 757 402,328,346 number of awards, including research Microbiology/Immunology/ 1,603 512,038,379 grants, training grants, fellowships, Virology R&D contracts and other awards. It Neurosciences 288 107,011,329 also shows total funding in each cate- Other Basic Sciences 147 33,796,301 gory for fiscal year 2002. It should be Pathology 1,464 498,249,224 noted that this year NIH combined Pharmacology 1,438 430,763,663 certain departments. Departments of Physiology/Biophysics 1,537 506,113,318

APS Awards The APS sponsored awards are plentiful, but in order to be considered, don t forget to submit the application information before the deadline! Award Next Deadline William T. Porter Fellowship Award July 15 Research Career Enhancement Awards October 15 Teaching Career Enhancement Awards October 15 Shih-Chun Wang Young Investigator Award November 1 Arthur C. Guyton Awards in Integrative Physiology November 1 Giles F. Filley Memorial Awards for Excellence in Respiratory Physiology and Medicine November 1 Lazaro J. Mandel Young Investigator Award November 1 Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awards November 6 Caroline tum Suden/Francis A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Awards November 6

113 The Physiologist News From Senior Physiologists Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Letter to Douglas Stuart: experimental control. Since our cul- Noboru Toda writes: Thank you for turing facilities in Buenos Aires were your letter of February 24, inviting me too precarious, my coworker C. to present my autobiography in The Rotunno got another Guggenheim Physiologist. I was born in December Fellowship and went to NYU (1975) to 1933. My academic career was from pursue our project. We were very excit- 1959 to 1976 in the Department of ed, and gave seminars everywhere, Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, proud of what we were doing, and, of Kyoto University, as an assistant pro- course, we were eager to publish our fessor and an associate professor, and findings. Unfortunately, Sabatini from 1979 to 1999 in the Department damental features, tight junctions thought otherwise, and our papers of Pharmacology, Shiga University of (TJs) that seal the interspace between only started to appear four years Medical Science, as a full professor. cells and transform the epithelium later a situation that proved to be Academic activities include the elec- into an effective permeability barrier, very shattering. trophysiological study on sinoatrial and an apico/basolateral polarity that Due to political upheaval in pacemaker cells, vascular smooth makes vectorial transport possible. Argentina, we received letters and muscle physiology and pharmacology, Therefore, to me, the major question phone calls threatening our lives, and autonomic innervation of cerebral vas- was why and how do cells establish we were advised to look for positions culature, etc. My life work was the TJs and polarize? But, according to abroad. I received several offers but, identification of nitrergic innervation Karl Popper, a question only becomes because we now needed tissue culture in blood vessels. I have been an execu- scientific when you can do something facilities, epifluorescence microscopy, tive member of the Japanese Phar- in the way of answering. Accordingly, transmission and scanning electron macological Society and also of the we decided to develop a suitable model microscopes, costly freeze fracture and Japanese Society of Hypertension. I system. electronic equipment, my colleagues organized Annual Meetings of the We isolated epithelial cells from recommended that we withhold grant Japanese Pharmacological Society, frog skins, and plated them on filter applications until we published and 1998, and also of the Japanese Society paper, hoping that they would make documented our findings. Yet Sabatini of Hypertension, 1994, and the inter- TJs and polarize. But cells did not remained impervious. The situation national meeting on the Biology of even attach, and soon started to die. got far worse in March 1976 when a Nitric Oxide, 1997, in Kyoto. My Yet we knew that virologists grew military junta took power in retirement was March 1999. I have an viruses in cultured cell lines, so my Argentina, the National Research office in Osaka to continue scientific research fellow, C.A. Rabito, went to J. Council (CONICET) cut off all eco- activities, writing, supervising and Leighton s laboratory (Pittsburgh, PA) nomic support for research, and with teaching. Our recent review article on to learn how to culture epithelial lines. the money so saved bought crucibles The Pharmacology of Nitric Oxide in Since the key seemed to be the ability to fend off demons from CONACYT the Peripheral Nervous System of of isolated cells to regenerate their headquarters. A colleague of his built Blood Vessels will be published in membrane and establish cell attach- a little altar in the premises of the uni- June issue of the Pharmacological ments, my research fellow, E. Zylber, versity with exactly the same purpose Reviews. went to Jerusalem to learn about (it is still there). Our laboratory was Dystiostelium, a unicellular organism disbanded, we were forced into exile, Letters to Michael Barany that, when the local situation deterio- and the team scattered from Mexico to Marcelino Cereijido writes: Once I rates, cells attach to each other, and New York and from Boston to got my MD, PhD in Argentina, I went form a slug that travels toward places Jerusalem. We were the fortunate to Harvard Biophysical Laboratory in with better nutrients, more light, or a ones; thousands of fellow countrymen 1961 to study, under P.F. Curran and suitable pH; and my research fellow, just disappeared. Sabatini remained A.K. Solomon, the exchange of sub- E. Rodr guez-Boulan, went to David adamant. Fortunately, my Mexican stances between higher organisms Sabatini s Department of Cell Biology colleagues invited us to set up a labo- and the environment that takes place at New York University to study mem- ratory with everything we needed, at the level of transporting epithelia. brane biogenesis with microsomes. I including a technician (A. Lazaro) that Four years later I opened my own lab- received a Guggenheim Fellowship grew polio viruses in cultured epithe- oratory in Buenos Aires, and in anoth- (1974) and also went to Sabatini s lial monolayers! I accepted, but my er five years I felt that epithelia were department. With his coworkers, W.J. two children decided to study in the essentially understood, and longed for Doland and E.S. Robbins, we succeed- States, and from then on we depended a more stimulating subject. Was I ed in a few months in preparing mono- on international travel to visit each wrong! layers of epithelial cells on a Nylon other. Eventually, the articles where I soon realized that the major ques- cloth coated with collagen that estab- we described our preparations were tion has not even been asked. lished TJs and polarized in a few published in 1978 in the Journal of Transporting epithelia have two fun- hours under conditions amenable of Cell Biology and later on Current

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Contents found it to be a Citation unemployment, unpayable debts, Arthur Bachrach writes: In a Classic . The same year Rabito and mushrooming population and misery. request, which I consider to be an Rodriguez-Boulan were to report anal- On that basis, I classified Latin- honor, I have been asked by the Senior ogous preparations. Americans as people without science. Physiologists Committee of the The monolayer of MDCK cells Offended Argentineans reminded me Society to write a brief essay on the opened entirely new avenues in that two of my dear teachers in occasion of having reached my eighti- epithelial research. Our candid expec- Buenos Aires were Nobel Prize win- eth birthday. I have always considered tation to find the molecule that sealed ners (B.A. Houssay, 1947 and L.F. the most dangerous instrument in the the TJ was met by a flood of informa- Leloir, 1970). Annoyed Mexicans world to be a rose-colored, binocular tion, and today this structure is known pointed out that Mayas and Aztecs retrospectoscope. Looking back is to be assembled with not less than 20- knew the zero, conceived elaborate cal- always subject to a certain amount of odd protein species that shuttle from endars, and developed chinampas (a distortion but, in assessing where I the membrane to the nucleus, attach culturing procedure with an as yet have been and where I am now, there to the cytoskeleton, have consensus unsurpassed yield of crops). appear several perspectives. I can see sequences with transcription factors I was dreadfully sorry for the blun- that, for me, and I suspect for many and tumor suppressors, and undergo a der, but kept elaborating my point of scientists, there are three general lightening of phosphorylations trig- view, until I convinced myself that the stages of a career. These are patently gered by cell contacts. Polarity in turn, key to this situation was the confusion not distinct but do overlap: the first that we thought exclusive of epithelial of science with research. To me stage is that of an experimental, bench cells and neurons, was found in every Science is firstly and foremost a way of researcher;, the second, a stage in cell, including single ones like yeast. interpreting reality without resorting which he or she reviews the research We studied the polarized expression, to dogma, miracles, revelations, nor to of others for grant panels, journals, addressing signals and sorting the Principle of Authority. Research, and the like; and the third, in which he machinery of ion channels and the instead, depends on the ability to take or she develops an interest in the his- Na+/K+-ATPase, an enzyme that some portion of the chaos of the tory of the chosen career field. It is in depends on a novel type of cell-cell unknowns, studying it, and transform the third stage than I now find myself contact at adherent junctions. We even and incorporate it into the order of the And it is in this stage that a perspec- found a curious relationship of known. From my point of view, a coun- tive of the field truly develops. In writ- Na+/K+-ATPase (P) with cell attach- try like Argentina, whose govern- ing the history of diving underwater ment (A): its inhibition with ouabain ments shrug when its universities are biomedical research was my last con- triggers a cascade of phosphorylations destroyed by Nazi-Catholic forces, has suming discipline I have re-read that results in retrieval of membrane a far larger number of scientists (and, I confess, some for the first time molecules involved in cell attachment abroad than in its own territory, and in the original) the giants of the field. (A), thereby causing a detachment of millions march to beg for employment Paul Bert and his work on decompres- the cell (P→A mechanism) . Since cells to the Virgin of Lujan and Saint sion, the Haldanes, PerØ et fils, with can assemble Na+/K+-ATPases with Cayetano (patron of the workers) does myriads of projects, William Harvey s four different isoforms of subunits not have a worldview compatible with treatise on circulation and, almost that differ in their affinity for ouabain, science. I wrote a book, People Without without peer, Claude Bernard s An this hormone can decrease the grip Science with Laura Reinking, analyz- Introduction to the Study Of between cells in a selective manner ing this issue, and expressing the fear Experimental Medicine (1865) stand through the P→A mechanism. Hence, that even the First World might be out among the works that reflect a it is conceivable that P→A may play a dangerously drifting from the culture skill in observation and perception of role in cell proliferation, in tissue of science to the culture of research, incredible power. They all had what architecture, and favor metastasis. thus, risking democratic obscuran- Pasteur called the prepared mind, the My saga with cells, people, col- tism ; a moratorium or a downright ability to observe without so focused a leagues, scientific and military dicta- suppression of free inquiry decided by vision that any exciting events that tors left me ruminating about social sheer weight of votes. The manuscript occurred, differing from preconceived aspects of science. I became convinced was highly prized by several col- expectations, would be ignored. It is, that modern science splits humanity leagues and publishers, but was not perhaps, a cliche to note that many into a First World, with some 10-15% found to be politically correct. researchers before Alexander Fleming of the population, that creates, pro- So, at the moment I continue had thrown away cultures ruined by duces, sells, owns, defines, decides, and enthusiastically engaged in research a mold. Fleming did not, but won- a Third World that travels, dresses, with TJ formation and polarization, dered. communicates, cures and kills with and continue trying to make the As technology develops at an vehicles, clothes, phones, satellites, manuscript of People Without Science incredible pace, when our powers of medicines and weapons that have more palatable to publishers. observation are enhanced by the mar- been invented in the First and, of vels of electronics, I believe it is an course, sinks into mind boggling (continued on page 116)

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(continued from page 115) uated with a PhD in Biochemistry. on the effects of neurotransmitters emotional, as well as an intellectual During that period I worked one year and pharmacological agents on phos- experience to read the scientists upon (1955-1956) as a Control Chemist in pholipid turnover and protein phos- whose work our own observations industry, and one year (1958-1959) as phorylation in synaptosomes and grew. I have taped across my word pro- a Chemist in the Department of other subcellular fractions of the cessor two quotations which I would Cardiovascular Research, Michael developing rat brain. Leo Abood like to share. One is from George Reese Research Institute, under the moved to the University of Rochester Bernard Shaw who wrote, The open supervision of Harold Feinberg, a in 1965 and I continued my research. mind never acts. Never get so physiologist. Louis N. Katz, a cardiolo- In 1965 I received my first NIH-RO1 involved in continuing to conduct gist, was the head of the Department. grant to continue my work on the experiments or searching out the liter- This experience outside academia was brain. I continued to renew this grant ature that you do not bring a research a big influence in my choice of a career from NIH (Neurological Diseases and project to a logical and useful end. The in Basic Medical Research. I do recom- Stroke (1965-1978), and the Eye other is a quotation from John Scott mend it to our young college students. Institute (1978-June 30, 2004). I was Haldane, the son of J.B.S. Haldane, In 1959, while I was a student at IIT, I fortunate to have received my postdoc- who wrote in the Preface to his book, received an offer from Spyridon toral training at the University of Respiration (1920): Since the time of Alivisatos, head of the Department of Illinois. I learned a lot from my men- Hippocrates the growth of scientific Biochemical Research, Mount Sinai tors and colleagues, Leo Abood, physi- medicine has in reality been based on Research Foundation, to join his olgy-pharmacology, Kyo Koketsu, neu- the study of the manner in which what research group. I accepted his offer. rophysiology, and Ryo Tanaka, neuro- he called the nature of the living body Alivisatos was interested in the mech- chemistry. This environment at expresses itself in response to changes anism of action of histamine. We University of Illinois and the city of in the environment, and reasserts worked on the enzyme NADase (a gly- Chicago with its fine institutions gave itself in the face of disturbance and cosidase), which removes nicotinamide me a strong interdisciplinary back- injury. A final note on what I am doing from NAD and can replace it with his- ground in the basic medical sciences. now. In addition to writing and lectur- tamine (Imidazolysis), to form his- It helped me appreciate the intellectu- ing on diving research and history, my tamine dinucleotide. Alivisatos and al rewards that come with discovery. wife and I own a general bookshop in Alan Roush, professor of Biochemistry In 1967 I accepted a position as Taos, NM. (There was an ocean here at IIT, arranged for me to use my work associate professor in the Department 300 million years ago!). We started the at Mount Sinai for a PhD Thesis at of Biochemistry, Medical College of bookshop, Moby Dickens, in 1984, IIT. I learned a lot from professor Georgia (MCG), Augusta. By this time three years before my retirement. I Alivisatos and his group and I really our family grew to four children, one usually am found in the Rare Book enjoyed and appreciated this setup. girl and three boys I moved my NIH room, supporting my bibliophilia and From my Thesis work I published four grant with me and continued to work my researches. Who could ask for any- papers, two in J. Biol. Chem., one in on the brain. In 1968 I became a mem- thing more? Nature, and another in ber of the American Physiological Biochim.Biophys.Acta. Society. In 1974 I renewed my NIH Ata Abdel-Latif writes: Thank you In February 1963, I joined the labo- grant for another three years, and in and the Physiological Society for the ratory of professor Leo Abood, head of the same year I was promoted to pro- congratulatory letter on the occasion the Neuropsychiatric Institute at fessor. During that year I met James of my 70th birthday and for the invi- University of Illinois school of Matheny from the Department of tation to write an article for The Medicine, as a Research Associate in Pharmacology at MCG; he was work- Physiologist. Psychiatry. Abood arranged for me to ing on the pharmacology of the iris My interest in the sciences started have an appointment at the State of smooth muscle of the rabbit eye. Jim, in Ahliyah High School, Ramallah, Illinois Pediatric Institute, State of Gerald Carrier and Ray Ahliquest Palestine. After High School I emi- Illinois Department of Mental Health. were using the iris as a model in their grated to Chicago and started college They paid my salary and generously studies. Jim encouraged me to try the in 1952. All my education and work supported my research program on iris in our system. I decided it was until 1967 was in Chicago. First I the Biochemistry of the Developing time to change tissues. At the outset enrolled at University of Illinois, Navy Brain. In the early 1960s neuro- we found that much lower concentra- Pier (a two-year college at that time), chemists developed a novel technique tions of the agonists were required to then I transferred to Depaul for isolating brain synapses (synapto- induce phosphoinositide-and phospho- University, where I received a BS somes) and several investigators were protein turnover in the iris than in the degree in Biology-Chemistry in 1955, studying the effects of neurotransmit- brain. At that time the Augusta area and MS degree in Organic Chemistry ters and pharmacological agents on had two rabbit slaughter houses in the in 1958. In 1959 I enrolled in the PhD phospholipid metabolism, in particu- Augusta area. Keith Green, a physiol- program at Illinois Institute of lar phosphoinositides, and on protein ogist, who was working on the physiol- Technology (IIT) where in 1963 I grad- phosphorylation. I developed a project ogy of the iris-ciliary body at John

116 The Physiologist News From Senior Physiologists Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Hopkins University, joined the findings in the 1980s that IP3 is an Augusta, GA, where the Augusta Ophthalmology Department at MCG. intracellular calcium mobilizer and National, home of the Masters Golf I had fruitful collaborations with that DAG is a protein kinase C activa- tournament, is a place where you can Keith and Jim during those years. The tor propelled this field in the forefront grow flowers and vegetables all year prevailing dogma in the 1950s, 1960s, of second messenger research. Chang- around. and 1970s was that addition of various ing tissues, from brain to iris-ciliary For advice to the young scientist I Ca-mobilizing agonists to a wide vari- body, resulted in change of institutes would say: Work hard, focus on your ety of tissues increases the turnover of at NIH. In 1978 my competitive research and be patient, do your best, the mono phosphoinositide Aphos- renewal went to the Eye Institute read to lead and keep your intellectu- phatidylinositol (PI)@ and the genera- where it was funded. During this year al curiosity, be alert to the unexpected, tion of phosphatidic acid (PA) which is I also applied for and got another NIH do not be afraid to challenge the formed from the PI hydrolytic product grant from the Eye Institute to work accepted dogma, build up good rela- 1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG). Our work on on the Mechanism of the Physiological tions with your mentors, co-workers the iris showed repeatedly, under Release of Arachidonic acid and and colleagues, and last but not least physiological conditions, a rapid for- Prostaglandin Synthesis in the Iris- enjoy your work and have a good mation of PA but no corresponding Ciliary Body. In the 1970s and 1980s time. decrease in PI. This suggested to us the prevailing concept was that in the that there might be another phospho- eye prostaglandins are inflammatory Letter to Alan Hoffmann inositide source for DAG. In substances, however, this was chal- Francis Morel writes: In response to September 1975 I started a sabbatical lenged by many investigators. It your question What are you doing at the Department of Biochemistry, became clear to many that now? Are you continuing with scientif- University of Nottingham, England. prostaglandins, at physiological con- ic or other writing? I must confess Professor Tim Hawthorne, the centrations, has important physiologi- that I stopped any personal activity in Chairman of the Department, was cal functions in the eye (For review, my field of research since I retired, ten interested in phospholipases and Abdel-Latif, A.A. Progress in Retinal years ago, from my chairman position phosphoinositide metabolism. In and Eye Research 14,75-107, 1995). in cell physiology at the College de October 1975 I performed the same Prostaglandin F2a and its analogs are France. I maintain, however, recurrent experiment on the rabbit iris, using now routinely employed by Ophthal- contacts with my former associates in carbachol as the agonist. However, mologists to lower intraocular pres- order to be informed of the evolution of instead of extracting the phospho- sure (IOP) in glaucoma patients. In their own research projects. As a lipids with the neutral chloroform- 1987 I was promoted to Regents member of the french Academie des methanol, I used, by chance, acidified Professor. During all these years I Sciences, I also take part in the activi- chloroform-methanol. This acidic sol- kept active in the teaching program. ties of this Institution. I nevertheless vent happens to extract all the phos- Teaching helps an investigator to be devote the larger part of my time to pholipids, including the polyphospho- more knowledgeable and do better practise three hobbies, namely: but- inositides (PIP2). Upon analysis of the research. Knowledge has an important terfly collection, which is a pastime I distribution of 32P-radioactivity in the property: when you give it away, you initiated when I was ten years old and lipid extract by thin-layer chromatog- don t lose it. In the past few years we continued during nearly all my profes- raphy I found out that only PIP2 lost have been working on the role of vari- sional life. In particular, I took advan- 32P-radioactivity and later [3H]myo- ous protein kinases in agonist-induced tage of my presence in various con- inositol. This finding showed for the contraction in the iris (For Review, gresses in South America, India, first time that PIP2 is the substrate Abdel-Latif, A.A. Experimental Japan or Australia to collect butter- for muscarinic receptor activation. We Biology and Medicine 226,153-163, flies for a few days in those areas of reported these findings in 1976 and 2001). This area of research is chal- the world before returning back to my thereafter, and in 1980 we demon- lenging and very exciting. lab after the meeting. In addition to strated for the first time that the prod- On the personal side I have retired the butterfly collection, I initiated two uct of PIP2 hydrolysis is IP3 and DAG, in June 2001 and since then I have other hobbies after 1993, since I measured as PA (For reviews: Abdel- been working part-time in my labora- retired, namely, wood working and cre- Latif, A.A. Pharmacological Reviews tory. I am enjoying being semi-retired, ating chess problems. 38,227-272, 1986; Life Sciences 45, no teaching, no committees, no grant The way I entered the field of 757-786, 1989). While on sabbatical in applications. This arrangement has Kidney Physiology may deserve men- England, Rashid Akhtar, now profes- allowed me to retire gradually. Both tion here, because it was rather sor of biochemistry and Molecular my wife, Iris, and I love to travel. I unusual. After having completed my Biology at MCG, joined our group and have been attending regularly the courses in both Medicine and our collaboration has continued until FASEB and EYE Meetings. We see Biological Sciences at the University the present time. Choosing the right more of our six grandsons, I have more of Geneva when I was 24, I went to tissue in our investigations played an time to read, exercise regularly at the Paris, at the College de France, where important role in this discovery. The health club, and work in our garden. (continued on page 118)

117 The Physiologist News From Senior Physiologists Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

(continued from page 117) his first slide, my concern increased micro perfusion technique in order to a research position in the French dramatically, because my own first investigate those properties under Atomic Energy Commission (C.E A.) slide appeared on the screen! When controlled conditions. In this techn- was offered to me in order to develop Homer Smith declared, This is not nique, microdissection of the required researches using radioactive isotopes mine, the projectionist (who did not tubular portions strictly precludes the as tracers in biology. At that time know a single word of English) kept use of collagenase (otherwise, when (1948), the only radioactive isotopes of my slide in place, but turned it in the perfused in vitro, the tubules dilate biological interest available in France four possible positions successively. and disrupt as a result of the hydroly- were the short-lived 1281- and 24Na+ The lecture had to be interrupted for a sis of their peritubular collagen mem- prepared in the cyclotron of Joliot- good while because nobody on the brane). Curie s Lab at College de France. platform knew the way to get access to Though sophisticated and difficult Since Na+ measurement by flame the projection room located behind the it might be, this in vitro microperfu- photometry was not yet available at amphitheater! You can imagine my sion technique was soon adopted by a that time, I used 24Na as a tracer in stress when, after Homer Smith had number of kidney physiologists in var- order to analyse Sodium excretion into finished his lecture, I was called to ious countries, and led to many major urine under various experimental con- comment on my slides. I was 27 years contributions to kidney physiology ditions in Rats and Rabbits. This is the old at that time and, of course, I could during the 70s and 80s. way I entered the field of Kidney not imagine that, 29 years later, I In the meantime, however, we Physiology. would receive the Homer Smith Award developed a highly sensitive in vitro At this point, let me evoke a per- of the New-York Heart Association). microassay allowing to measure, in sonal anecdote involving an eminent In order to reply to the question. As one experiment, the hormone-depen- physiologist. In order to attend the you look back on your life, which of dant adenylate-cyclase activity in 18th International Congress of your contributions do you think is many samples, each containing a sin- Physiology (Copenhagen, 1950), I was most important? , I had first to consid- gle, well-localized nephron portion supposed to deliver a contribution in er in which sense important should microdissected from collagenase treat- the meeting (may I recall that French be taken. I decided that a contribution ed rabbit kidney tissue. We reported and Russian, in addition to English, opening new avenues in a given field this single tubule biochemical micro- were the official languages at that of research should be called impor- assay in 1975 in Pfluegers Archives;in time). Since a main lecture entiteld tant. 1995, this paper was selected by the The Fate of Sodium Into Urine by At this point, I have to come back to American Society of Nephrology and Homer Smith was programmed, I the kidney. During the 50s and 60s, published again in the Milestone in decided to present my own data dur- the analysis of kidney functions Nephrology series. ing the discussion. Therefore, I gave moved from the whole organ scale to To come back to the question which my french written slides to the chair- that of its functional units, the of your contributions do you think is man of the session as soon as possible nephrons. As a result of the highly more important? , I would like to Then, from the huge size of the intricated organization of the kidney select this technical article because, by amphitheater and from the very large cortex in mammals, the analysis of the establishing that collagenase actually audience attending to the lecture, I transport and reabsorption properties preserves all biochemical and physio- realized that Homer Smith must have of each successive tubular portion of logical properties of kidney cells, it been a well-known leader in Kidney the nephrons revealed to be hardly opened a new, effcient and versatile Physiology! I was more and more anx- possible in vivo. Therefore, Burg and approach to the in vitro analysis of ious. A few minutes after starting his et al developed a new approach in those properties. ❖ lecture, when Homer Smith called for 1966, the in vitro single single tubule

Moving? If you have moved or changed your bership information can also be changed phone, fax or Email address, please notify by visiting the Members Only portion of the APS Membership Office at 301-530- the APS Website at http://www.the- 7171 or Fax to 301-571-8313. Your mem- aps.org.

118 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

an NIH-funded position immediately experiments in these models. We are Postdoctoral Positions available to study the regulation and looking to expand our program with physiological functions of local an individual who has a strong back- Postdoctoral Positions: Two post- (sparks) and global calcium signaling ground in molecular biology and an doctoral positions are available in the and ion channels in arterial smooth interest in physiology/mechanical laboratory of Dr. James Faber, muscle cells. Required qualifications engineering. We will provide opportu- Department of Cell and Molecular include a PhD or MD in Physiology or nity for this individual to obtain inde- Physiology and the Carolina Cardio- a related field. Experience with patch pendent research funding. The labora- vascular Biology Center (CCBC), clamp electrophysiology, confocal tory is supported by grants from the University of North Carolina. Projects microscopy and/or calcium imaging VA, the American Heart Association, seek to elucidate the newly identified preferred. Send curriculum vitae and the NIH, the pharmaceutical industry, direct growth factor action of adreno- names and addresses of three refer- and private foundations. Please send ceptor stimulation by catecholamines ences to Jonathan H. Jaggar PhD, resume to Dr. Steven Goldman or Dr. on vascular wall development, remod- Department of Physiology, University Hoang Thai, Cardiology 111C, Tucson eling and hypertrophic disease pro- of Tennessee Health Science Center, VA, SAVAHCS, 3601 South 6th Ave., gression, using molecular and cellular 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN Tucson, AZ 85723; Steven.gold- analysis of cell culture, organ culture 38163, USA. The University of [email protected] or Hoang.thai@ and in vivo models. Current methods Tennessee is an EEO/AA/Title VI/Title med.va.gov. and interests include: animal models IX/Section 504/ADA/ADEA employer. of vascular disease, remodeling and development (atherosclerosis, resteno- Postdoctoral Fellowship: A post- sis, hypertensive hypertrophy, pul- Postdoctoral Fellow: St. Louis doctoral fellowship is available at the monary hypertension, flow-mediated University, a Catholic, Jesuit institu- University of Massachusetts, Am- remodeling, ischemic and developmen- tion dedicated to education, research herst. Individuals with a PhD are tal vasculogenesis), regulation of and healthcare, is seeking applicants invited to apply for a position to study growth, migration, apoptosis and for the position of Postdoctoral Fellow the effects of age and sex on human matrix of/by smooth muscle cells and in the Division of Nephrology. This skeletal muscle fatigue. Opportunity fibroblasts of the vascular wall, gene position is available immediately for a to conduct integrative studies using targeting and array analysis, adreno- recent PhD graduate to study the bio- non-invasive techniques, with the pur- ceptor expression, and receptor-tyr- chemistry, cell biology, and physiology pose of determining the in vivo mech- kinases, intracellular and paracrine of the CLIC family of atypical chloride anisms of fatigue. Dynamic environ- signaling. Opportunities exist for col- channels (see Am. J. Physiol. 282: ment in which to examine how muscle laborative research with investigators C1103, 2002). Candidates with experi- activation, energy metabolism, con- in the CCBC and at nearby universi- ence in Xenopus oocyte electrophysiol- tractile function and perfusion may be ties (Duke, NCState, Wake Forest, ogy, the fluorescent measurement of altered by age or sex. A strong back- NCCU) and facilities in the Research intracellular pH, or topologic mapping ground in muscle physiology is desir- Triangle Park (e.g., NIEHS, EPA, of integral membrane proteins would able. Experience with magnetic reso- Glaxo-SmithKline). Support is be of particular interest. Applications, nance spectroscopy or imaging benefi- through NIH-NHLBI funding. Highly including curriculum vitae and cial, but not necessary. This is a five- motivated individuals with a PhD or requests for information can be sub- year project funded by the National MD and background in vascular mitted to: Dr. John C. Edwards, Renal Institute on Aging. Approximate start research should send a letter explain- Service, John Cochran VAMC, 915 N. date: August 2003. Inquiries or appli- ing research interests and expertise, a Grand Ave., St. Louis, MO 63106; cations: Jane Kent-Braun, PhD, curriculum vitae, and reference letters Email: [email protected]. Department of Exercise Science, to: James E. Faber, PhD, Professor, [AA/EEO] Totman 108, University of Massa- Department of Cell and Molecular chusetts, Amherst MA 01003; Physiology, University of North [email protected]. Application Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599; Postdoctoral Position: A postdoctor- should include letter of interest, CV [email protected]. Further infor- al position is available in the and contact information for three aca- mation is available at: http://www. Cardiology Section at the Tucson VA demic references. med.unc.edu/physiolo/ and http://ccbc. Hospital and the University of unc.edu/. UNC ascribes to EEOC Arizona Sarver Heart Center. employment guidelines. Laboratory investigations are under- Postdoctoral Position: An NIH- way in rodent models of heart failure funded postdoctoral position is avail- with a primary interest in vascular able immediately at the Children s Postdoctoral Position: The Univer- function in heart failure. The laborato- Hospital of Philadelphia to study the sity of Tennessee Health Science ry is presently using an integrated mechanism of glutamate dehydroge- Center, Department of Physiology, has physiological/biochemical approach to nase allosteric regulation, insulin sig-

120 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

naling and ammonia flux in trans- vita, and a statement of research Alaska is establishing a program in genic mouse model of Hyper-insulin- interests to: Bruce Damon, PhD, molecular toxicology as part of its ism/Hyperammonemia Syndrome tar- Department of Radiology and BRIN (Biomedical Research Infras- geting liver specific Glutamate Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt tructure Network; http://www. Dehydrogenase gene expression in University Medical Center, 1161 21st alaska.edu/brin/) program supported transgenic mice. Candidates with PhD Ave S, CCC-1121 MCN, Nashville, TN through a grant from the National degree in biological science are 37232; Email: bruce.damon@vander- Center for Research Resources (NIH). encouraged to apply for this position. bilt.edu; Tel: 615-322-8355; Fax: 615- Five faculty positions are funded: two Ref: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 322-0734. Complete applications are in Anchorage and three are in 1782-1787, 2001. Biochem J 363: 81- received prior to July 1, 2003 will Fairbanks. A sixth faculty member 87, 2002; J. Biol. Chem. 278:2853- receive first priority, but all applica- will be part of a new Bioinformatics 2858, 2003. Send curriculum vitae and tions will be fully considered until the Program that includes four total facul- names, addresses, phone numbers, position has been filled. All qualified ty and associations with the Arctic Email addresses of three references to: persons are encouraged to apply. Region Supercomputing Center (http:// Charles A. Stanley, MD, Chief, [EEO/AA] www.arsc.edu/) and the Institute of Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes, Systems Biology (http://www.systems- Children s Hospital of Philadelphia; biology.org/). Applications must email address: [email protected]. Teaching Positions include a signed applicant form (http://www.alaska.edu/hr/forms/hr_e mploymentforms.xml), curriculum Postdoctoral Scientist: The vitae, statements of teaching philoso- Vanderbilt University Institute of Assistant/Associate Professor: Tenure- phy and research interests, represen- Imaging Science (VUIIS; http://vuiis. track Instructor/Assistant/Associate tative reprints, and at least three let- vanderbilt.edu) is seeking qualified Professor of Biology to teach two-term ters of recommendation. Send applica- applicants for a two-year postdoctoral upper-level mammalian A&P tions to Wildlife Toxicology Search, position in imaging of exercising sequence and two-term upper-level PCN# 248016 REQ#FF248016 01, skeletal muscle. The position is in the research sequence; advise pre-medical UAF Human Resources, PO Box Metabolic Imaging program, headed students, starting fall 2003 at 757860, University of Alaska by Bruce Damon, PhD. Possible Wartburg College. Requires ABD in Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7860; research programs involve metabolic appropriate scientific area and demon- Fax: 907-474-5859; Email: fyjobs@ imaging of exercising muscle using strated expertise in physiology. For uaf.edu. Positions will remain open perfusion imaging and MR spectro- details see our web site http://www. until filled. Further information about scopic imaging, understanding the wartburg.edu/hr. Wartburg College in the University and the position is physiological and biophysical basis of Waverly, IA is an accredited four-year, available at: http://mercury.bio.uaf. muscle functional MRI, study of mus- coeducational liberal arts college of edu/ or from Dr. Perry S. Barboza cle structure-function relationships the Lutheran Church (ELCA). ([email protected]) or Dr. R. Terry Bowyer using diffusion tensor MRI fiber track- [AA/EOE] ([email protected]). [AA/EEO] ing, spatial tagging, and muscle functional MRI. Qualifications include doc- torate awarded before 1/1/2004 with Assistant/Associate Professor of Faculty Position: Chapman an emphasis in Neuromuscular Phys- Wildlife Toxicology: The Institute of University is seeking applications for iology, Biochemistry, or Mechanics. Arctic Biology and Department of a faculty position in the Department Research experience using elec- Biology and Wildlife at the University of Physical Therapy. Requirements for tromyography, MRI, and/or MRS is of Alaska Fairbanks seek a toxicologist the position include relevant PhD preferred. Outstanding instrumental using cellular and molecular with expertise in one or more of the resources, including a 3.0T GE whole- approaches to study wild populations following areas: systems physiology, body MR imager, 4.7, 7.0, and 9.4 T of vertebrates. This tenure-track posi- neurophysiology or cardiopulmonary Varian animal MR imagers, microCT, tion is supported by an NIH-sponsored physiology. In addition, we are seeking microPET, surface electromyography, grant that provides access to core someone with a distinguished record and near-infrared spectroscopy sys- equipment, travel, student support, of research, publication, and extramu- tems, are or will soon be available at and seed funds. The successful candi- ral funding. Successful applicants will VUIIS. In addition, VUIIS possesses date will be expected to develop an have demonstrated excellence in outstanding personnel resources and externally funded research program teaching and commitment to cultural extensive electronics and computing and to be effective in teaching two diversity. Chapman, an independent, facilities. Equipment is available or courses per year and training gradu- comprehensive university, is located in can be built to support a variety of ate students in areas such as wildlife Orange County in a culturally diverse exercise modes. Interested persons disease, cell biology, immunology or community with major medical facili- should send three letters of reference, ecotoxicology. The University of ties and research institutions. US

121 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

News and World Report has ranked work together in conducting research Avenue, RBC-389, Cleveland, OH the academic quality of Chapman in in systems physiology and mathemat- 44106; Tel: 216-844-5085; Fax: 216- the upper quartile of all four-year col- ical modeling at the whole-body level. 844-5478; Email: [email protected]. leges and universities in the Western Research scientist will be involved in US. Submit cover letter, vita, evidence the design and implementation of ani- of qualifications, and a list of five ref- mal and human protocols to investi- Graduate Training Opportunities erences with addresses, telephone gate acute and chronic whole-body in the Cardiovascular Sciences: numbers and email addresses to: Don responses to exercise and hypoxia to Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Gabard, PT, PhD, Search Committee provide data for the development and Comparative Cardiovascular Science Chair, Department of Physical Thera- validation of computational models of and Biomedical Devices, Texas A&M py, Chapman University, Orange, CA metabolism and cardio-respiratory University announces the inaugura- 92866; Email: [email protected]. control from the MIMS Center. tion of the DeBakey Scholars Program Application review begins immediate- Requirements for research scientist for studies leading to the PhD in ly and continues until the position is position are three years experience Comparative Physiology and filled. Chapman University is commit- conducting biomedical research and a Pharmacology. This program provides ted to providing equal career opportu- PhD in Physiology, Systems Biology, or unique opportunities to train with nities to all individuals. Biomedical Engineering. Research interdisciplinary research faculty with engineer will 1) coordinate the devel- expertise in the cardiac and vascular opment of computational models of sciences, from molecular/cellular to Research Positions heart, brain, liver, and muscle organ/animal levels, with a common metabolism; and 2) develop computa- focus on cardiovascular pathophysiol- Research Scientist and Research tional models of whole body ogy. Scholarships are available for pre- Engineer Positions at National metabolism to predict responses to doctoral students with a background Center of Excellence: The Center dietary manipulation, hypoxia, and in the life sciences or biomedical engi- for Modeling Integrated Metabolic exercise. Requirements for research neering, PhD/DVM candidates, and Systems (MIMS) at Case Western engineer position are 1-3 years experi- individuals with MD or DVM degrees Reserve University has two positions ence in modeling biomedical systems seeking advanced training in cardio- available: research scientist and and a MS in biomedical, systems, or vascular research. DeBakey Scholars research engineer. The center is NIH- computer engineering. For additional will receive a competitive stipend funded and focuses on developing and information about the MIMS center (18K+/year) and health benefits. For validating computational models of visit website at http://www.csuohio. more information visit http://debakey metabolism in heart, brain, liver, edu/mims/. Contact Information: institute.tamu.edu or contact glaine@ skeletal muscle, and the whole body. Marco E. Cabrera, PhD, Case Western tamu.edu. ❖ We are seeking two individuals to Reserve University, 11100 Euclid

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122 The Physiologist Book Reviews Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

gelatinosa and their possible corre- roepithelium production, neurogenesis Development of the Human Spinal spondence to the barrels of the cere- and gliogenesis) is especially helpful. Cord: An Interpretation Based on bral cortex and the barreloids of the Chapter six essentially details the two thalamus and trigeminal nucleus. major events of trimesters two and Experimental Studies in Animals Chapter three describes the tech- three expansion of the white matter nique of thymidine autoradiography and its progressive myelination. It Joseph Altman and Shirley A. Bayer, NY and demonstrates use of this method also includes details on the develop- 542 pp., illus., index, $185.00 with an extensive description of the ment of Clarke s column and ventral maturation of neurons in the ventral horn motoneurons. I quickly agreed to review this book horn, intermediate gray and dorsal Chapter seven describes the prena- Development of the Human Spinal horn. Here we find the authors pro- tal growth of the corticospinal tract, Cord in thinking, by not paying atten- posed tripartite division of the devel- and chapter eight describes its pro- tion to the subtitle An Interpretation oping neural tube (dorsal, intermedi- tracted myelination during the first Based on Experimental Studies in ate and ventral plates) in comparison two years of postnatal life. Both of Animals; how much could there be to the classical bipartite division into these chapters present clear summary except for lots of nice pictures? Well, I alar and basal plates as described by figures and informative tables. In was quite surprised when this full- His. Chapter four opens with a chapter seven we learn of striking sized 500+ page book arrived, and, description of the growth and develop- variations in the lateral and ventral yes, the book is characterized through- ment of the dorsal root ganglion, con- funicular components of this tract in out with numerous excellent pho- tinues with development of ascending different specimens, and chapter eight tographs. But in addition, it also con- fibers in the dorsal funiculus and describes the logical rostral-to-caudal tains many clear and informative growth of descending fibers, and fin- corticospinal tract growth and myeli- illustrations, diagrams and tables as ishes with myelination. Additional nation in comparison to the opposite well as a straightforward accompany- topics in this chapter include brief caudal-to-rostral sequence of ascending text, and, really, none of this descriptions of the roof and floor ing fibers in the dorsal funiculus. should be surprising considering the plates including an interesting Chapter nine presents some unique previous fine work of the authors hypothesis of the role of these struc- and challenging correlations between Joseph Altman and Shirley A. Bayer. tures in the morphogenesis of the H spinal cord and behavior development The opening chapter provides an shape of the spinal cord gray matter. at pre- and postnatal ages, including overview of spinal cord organization The second half of this book, chap- comparisons with corticospinal tract with emphasis on dorsal horn laminar ters five to nine, covers human spinal myelination into childhood. This chap- organization, afferent inputs, moto- cord development and is based pri- ter includes supportive evidence for neurons of the ventral horn with its marily on specimens from three collec- controversial descriptions of corti- division into a 3x4 grid of sectors, and tions in the National Museum of cospinal tract somatotopy. fiber tracts of the white matter. This Health and Medicine (currently In summary, I confess embarrass- chapter serves as an excellent review housed at the Armed Forces Institute ment by my initial feelings on first of basic information most neu- of Pathology, Washington, DC), the receiving what I anticipated would be roanatomists know (or should know Carnegie Collection, the Yakolev col- a dense, arcane book with limited but may have forgotten) and, thus, lection and the apparently not previ- appeal. However, after reading just a sets up much of the rest of the book. ously described Minot collection. few pages I found out I was wrong; the The second chapter focuses on the evo- Chapter five covers the first trimester text is well-matched to the striking lutionary phylogeny of the spinal cord, (gestational weeks 3.5 to 13) and chap- clarity of the photographs. This book with emphasis on paleospinal and ter six the second and third trimesters provides a rich source of information neospinal systems. It also presents (gestational weeks 14 to 44). While to those interested in the spinal cord interesting hypotheses on the variable these chapters can be rather tedious to as it relates to their teaching activities size and spinal length of the corti- read as they trace development on a as well as to those engaged in spinal cospinal tract across species as well as week to week basis at rostral to caudal cord research. I have already recom- the translocation this tract from its levels, the detailed descriptions pro- mended it to both types of colleagues. dorsal funicular position in many ani- vided would be invaluable to those ❖ mals to its lateral funicular position in seeking precise information. Tabular Anthony J. Castro carnivores and primates. Chapter two summary in chapter five of first Loyola University Chicago also presents an interesting descrip- trimester weekly events in relation to tion of the slabs of the substantia three developmental epochs (neu-

123 The Physiologist Book Reviews Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Instead of critiquing the central young, open-minded scientists, far Cells, Gels and the Engines of Life message, Miller goes on to nit-pick on removed from well-defended turf, who Response to Miller s review peripheral minutiae. He picks three will ultimately judge whether the con- nits. The first is that I made a point ventional view is sound or whether Chris Miller s review (The along the way by citing material in a alternative views might explain the Physiologist, 45 (6), 2002) of my book, monograph. Guilty as charged. same data more consistently and more Cells, Gels, and the Engines of Life Monographs are not (necessarily) simply. It is they who will determine makes for snappy reading, but it miss- peer-reviewed. How much peer-review the future. es the point. went into the book I quoted is unclear, As I travel frequently around the The book is not about channels, but if my own book is taken as a rep- world to deliver invited lectures on pumps, and membranes, as one might resentative example, pre-publication this material, I note two issues that surmise from the review. It is about critical review was provided by no consistently set the audience abuzz. the gel-like nature of the cell. fewer than 50 seasoned or budding sci- Although considered in the book, and Scientists recognize that the cell is a entists. Next, Miller critiques an central to the integrity of currently gel. Even housewives and children example I offered: the wooly bear held views, Miller offers no comment know it; anyone who has cracked open caterpillar, which survives arctic tem- even though these challenges fall a raw egg immediately recognizes the peratures with impunity. The claim is within his domain. Consider the fol- cytoplasm s gel-like consistency. Cell- that an extremophile was used to lowing: biology books commonly open with draw a general conclusion. Not true. I Patch clamp experiments. The this fact and then blithely go on to point out that numerous plants and Neher/Sackmann experiments on iso- present mechanisms based not on a cold-blooded animals need to cope lated pieces of membrane show a gel foundation, but on aqueous solu- with sub-freezing temperatures on a series of constant-amplitude current tion foundation with free solute diffu- regular basis without crystallizing pulses, interpreted as a reflection of sion. Could something be awry? into ice. Once frozen, ice crystals rip channel openings. However, when the Miller evades the issue. All that fol- mercilessly through the cellular membrane patch is replaced by silicon lows from the cell s gel-like consisten- framework and wreak havoc in the rubber, the same current pulses cy is dismissed as nonsense with no same way that a pond that freezes appear (1). And, when the membrane offer of even a single reason why. It s over can crack the enclosing concrete patch is replaced by a polymer filter, guilt by decree. Miller opts out by stat- shell. Finally, Miller criticizes my con- the same current pulses appear (2). ing that it is not my purpose to cri- cern over the enormous amount of And, when the membrane patch is tique the theory itself but why not? energy required to power the 100+ replaced by a pure lipid bilayer that After all, that s basically what the pumps in the cell membrane (an issue has never seen a protein, the same book is about. While Miller grants never seriously addressed by the current pulses appear (3). To many himself license to decree, a dozen field). His criticism centers on the observers, these observations lend a other reviewers have lavished the point that drug-resistant transporters serious note of doubt. Miller lets them book with a level of praise practically can now be seen with atomic resolu- slide without comment. Why? unheard of for a theory as unconven- tion. Indeed they can. But how does Membrane continuity. A central tional as this one. Don Ingber of that argue for or against the question feature of current thinking is the crit- Harvard, for example, states (Cell, of whether the cell has enough energy ical importance of cell-membrane 109: 688-689, 2002), that the book is a to power all of these putative pumps? integrity: breach the membrane and 305-page preface to the future of cell On the basis of this triple barrage, the cell dies. Yet, the book cites half a biology. Like Miller, Ingber and other Miller concludes that the author is dozen generic examples in which the reviewers comment on the lively text, obviously trying to pull the wool over integrity of the membrane is violat- the great illustrations, etc. which the eyes of the na ve reader. He ed the cell is even sliced in two and explains why the book just took the attacks my approach of writing for the the cell continues to do just fine. In top award from the Society for uninitiated rather than for the several of these situations, evidence Technical Communication, and why experts, forgetting Max Planck s shows that the membrane could not one reviewer (Pharm. Res. 18:1804- admonition that the purveyors of con- have resealed. These observations 1805, 2002) claimed the book was as ventional wisdom will die before they should not be misconstrued as sug- interesting as any on the New York are willing to seriously entertain a gesting the membrane is irrelevant, Times best seller list. The material challenge to their long-held views. I but they do show that the integrity of seemed profound enough to the am not na ve enough to expect that the membrane is less significant than Biomedical Engineering Society that many of those building their careers surmised. With open membranes they bestowed upon its author this on ion-selective channels will look through which ions can freely pass, year s Distinguished Lecture Award, seriously on a book that lays challenge could pumps and channels be as criti- their top honor. All of these accolades to some of their most closely held cal for life as we make them out to be? notwithstanding, Miller dismisses the views, no matter how sound the chal- Why does Miller let all of this slide book with a wave of the hand. lenge might be. Certainly not! It is the without comment? If there are simple

124 The Physiologist Book Reviews Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

answers to these provocative ques- rently envisioned, and at least as con- Miller thinks we should be more def- tions, why does Miller not tell us what sistent with available data. Whether erential to current thinking, and I they might be? they are really a preface to the future wonder whether this might be If the cell is a gel, then it should be of cell biology remains to be seen, but achieved by all of us doing a stint as treated as such. Virtually all current they certainly offer a systematic alter- children s librarian? mechanisms build on the notion that native. Miller, on the other hand, feels the cell is an aqueous solution. Gels that paradigm-shifting alternatives Gerald H. Pollack are different from aqueous solutions, have little place in science. He quips University of Washington and from this vantage point, it would that the works of Kuhn and Popper seem that treating the beast for what ought to be banned from the children s 1. Sachs and Qin, Biophys J. 65: 1101- it is rather than what it is not will get section of library so that youngsters -1107, 1993. us further. That s what the book does, don t get the misimpression that 2. Lev et al., Proc. Roy. Soc. B 252: 187- although one would not know it from major paradigm shifts are still possi- 192, 1993. Miller s review. ble in science. 3. Woodbury et al., J. Memb. Biol. All of this is a pity because the The great physician/scientist 109(2): 145-150, 1989. mechanisms that emerge from this Claude Bernard taught us that con- approach are simpler than those cur- troversy is the lifeblood of science.

125 The Physiologist Obituary Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

In Memoriam Arthur C. Guyton (1919-2003)

The sudden loss of Arthur C. including his concepts of cardiac out- Guyton in an automobile accident on put and venous return, negative inter- April 3, 2003, and the loss of his devot- stitial fluid pressure and regulation of ed and remarkable wife Ruth Weigle tissue fluid volume and edema, regu- Guyton one week later as a result of lation of tissue blood flow and whole injuries from the accident, stunned body blood flow autoregulation, renal- and saddened all who were privileged pressure natriuresis, and long-term to know them. Arthur Guyton was a blood pressure regulation. giant in the fields of physiology and Perhaps his most important scien- medicine, a leader among leaders, a tific contribution, however, was a master teacher, and an inspiring role unique quantitative approach to car- model for people throughout the diovascular regulation through the world. application of principles of engineer- Arthur Clifton Guyton was born in ing and systems analysis. He had an Oxford, MS to William (Billy) S. extremely analytical mind and an Guyton, an eye, ear, nose and throat uncanny ability to integrate bits and specialist and Dean of the University pieces of information, not only from of Mississippi Medical School, and his own research but also from others, Arthur C. Guyton Kate Smallwood Guyton, a math and into a quantitative conceptual frame- physics teacher who had been a mis- work. He built analog computers and sionary in China before their mar- Presidential Citation. He returned to pioneered the application of large- riage. During his formative years, Oxford where he devoted himself to scale systems analyses to modeling Arthur enjoyed watching his father teaching and research at the the cardiovascular system before digi- work at the Guyton Clinic, playing University of Mississippi School of tal computers were available. With the chess and swapping stories with Medicine and was named Chair of the advent of digital computers, his car- William Faulkner, and building sail- Department of Physiology in 1948. In diovascular models expanded dramat- boats (one of which he later sold to 1951 he was named one of the 10 out- ically in the 1960 s and 70 s to include Faulkner) and countless mechanical standing men in the nation. When the the kidneys and body fluids, hor- and electrical devices, which he con- University of Mississippi moved its mones, autonomic nervous system, as tinued to do throughout his life. His Medical School to Jackson in 1955, he well as cardiac and circulatory func- brilliance shone early as he graduated rapidly developed one of the world s tions (2, 3). He provided the first com- top in his class at the University of premier cardiovascular research pro- prehensive systems analysis of blood Mississippi, distinguished himself at grams. His remarkable life as a scien- pressure regulation and used this Harvard Medical School, and began tist, author, and devoted father is same quantitative approach in all his postgraduate surgical training at detailed in a biography published on areas of his research, leading to new Massachusetts General Hospital. the occasion of his retirement in insights that are now part of the His medical training was interrupt- 1989 (1). everyday vocabulary of cardiovascular ed twice once to serve in the Navy A Great Physiologist. Arthur researchers. during World War II and again in 1946 Guyton s research contributions, Many of his concepts were revolu- when he was stricken with poliomyeli- which include more than 600 papers tionary and were initially met with tis during his final year of residency and 40 books, are legendary and place skepticism, and even ridicule, when training. Suffering paralysis in his him among the greatest figures in the they were first presented. When he right leg, left arm, and both shoulders, history of cardiovascular physiology. first presented his mathematical he spent nine months in Warm His research covered virtually all model of cardiovascular function at Springs, GA, recuperating and apply- areas of cardiovascular regulation and the Council for High Blood Pressure ing his inventive mind to building the led to many seminal concepts that are Research meeting in 1968, the first motorized wheelchair controlled now an integral part of our under- responses of some of the hypertension by a joy stick, motorized hoists for standing of cardiovascular disorders experts, recorded at the end of the lifting patients, special leg braces and such as hypertension, heart failure, article (2), reflected a tone of disbelief other devices to aid the handicapped. and edema. It is difficult to discuss and even sarcasm. Guyton s systems For those inventions he received a cardiovascular regulation without analysis had predicted a dominant

126 The Physiologist Obituary Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

role for the renal pressure natriuresis Award for his outstanding service to that is dedicated: To: My Father for mechanism in long-term blood pres- the Society. His Uncompromising Principles That sure regulation, a concept that seemed His love of physiology was beautiful- Guided My Life; My Mother for heretical to most investigators at that ly articulated in his president s Leading Her Children Into time. One of the leading figures in address to the APS in 1975 (4), appro- Intellectual Pursuits; My Wife for Her hypertension research commented I priately entitled Physiology: a Beauty Magnificent Devotion to Her Family; realize that it is an impertinence to and a Philosophy. Let us quote just My Children for Making Everything question a computer and systems one sentence from his address: What Worthwhile. analysis, but the answers they have other person, whether he be a theolo- Guyton was a master teacher at the given to Guyton seem authoritarian gian, a jurist, a doctor of medicine, a University of Mississippi for over 50 and revolutionary. Guyton s concepts physicist, or whatever, knows more years. Even though he was always were authoritarian and revolutionary, than you, a physiologist, about life? busy with service responsibilities, but after 35 years of experimental For physiology is indeed an explana- research, writing, and teaching, he studies by investigators around the tion of life. What other subject matter was never too busy to talk about a new world, they have also proved to be very is more fascinating, more exciting, research idea, a new experiment, or to powerful in explaining diverse physio- more beautiful than the subject of talk with a student who was having logical and clinical observations. His life. difficulty. He would never accept an far-reaching concepts will continue to A Master Teacher. Although invitation to give a prestigious lecture be the foundation for generations of Guyton s research accomplishments if it conflicted with his teaching schedule. cardiovascular physiologists. are legendary, his contributions as an His contributions to education are Guyton received more than 80 educator have probably had an even also far reaching through generations major honors from diverse scientific greater impact on the world. The fact of graduate students and postdoctoral and civic organizations, and universi- that he and Ruth raised 10 remark- fellows. He trained over 150 scientists, ties throughout the world. A few of able children who all became out- at least 29 who became chairs of their these that are especially relevant to standing physicians is a great educa- own departments, and six who became cardiovascular research include the tional achievement in itself. Eight of presidents of the APS. He gave stu- Wiggers Award of the American the Guyton children graduated from dents confidence in their abilities and Physiological Society, the Ciba Award Harvard Medical School, one from emphasized his belief that, People from the Council for High Blood Duke Medical School, and one from who are really successful in the Pressure Research, The William The University of Miami Medical research world are self-taught because Harvey Award from the American School after receiving a PhD from they are teaching themselves beyond Society of Hypertension, the Research Harvard. An article published in where other people are. He insisted Achievement Award of the American Readers Digest in 1982 highlighted that his trainees integrate their exper- Heart Association, and the Merck their extraordinary family life (5). imental findings into a broad concep- Sharp & Dohme Award of the The success of the Guyton children tual framework that included other International Society of Hypertension. did not occur by chance. Guyton s phi- interacting systems. This usually led It was appropriate that in 1978 he was losophy of education was to learn by to our attempts to develop a quantita- invited by the Royal College of doing. The children, therefore, partic- tive analysis and to a better under- Physicians in London to deliver a spe- ipated in countless family projects standing of the particular physiologi- cial lecture honoring the 400th that included the design and construc- cal systems that we were studying. anniversary of the birth of William tion of their home and heating system, No one has been more prolific in Harvey who discovered the circulation swimming pool, tennis court, sail- training leaders of physiology than of the blood. boats, homemade go-carts and electri- Arthur Guyton. In 2001, he received Although honored by many profes- cal cars, gadgets for their home, and the Eugene Braunwald Academic sional organizations, Guyton s scien- electronic instruments for their Mentorship Award by the American tific home was the American Oxford Instruments Company. Heart Association. Physiological Society (APS). He Television programs such as Good Guyton s famous Textbook of became a member of APS in 1949 and Morning America and 20/20 Medical Physiology attracted many of continued as a regular dues-paying described the remarkable home envi- his trainees to Mississippi. His book member until his death. He served as ronment that Arthur and Ruth was a masterpiece, presenting the key president of the APS and the Guyton created to raise their family. concepts in a clear and interesting Federation of American Societies of They are a wonderful family, sharing manner that made studying physiolo- Experimental Biology from 1974-75. the values of hard work and dedica- gy fun. He wrote this book to teach his He also served as Councillor, Chair of tion, teamwork, the excitement of students, not to impress his profes- the Education Committee, Chair of the learning and discovery, and a deep sional colleagues, and its popularity Finance Committee, and a member of love for each other. His devotion to with students has made it the most the editorial boards of APS journals. family is beautifully expressed in his widely used physiology textbook in In 1981, he received the Ray G. Daggs Textbook of Medical Physiology (6) (continued on page 128)

127 The Physiologist Obituary Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

(continued from page 127) ness leaders, and virtually everyone him tremendously, but he will remain history. This accomplishment alone who knew him. in our memories as a shining example was enough to ensure his legacy. His courage in the face of adversity of the very best in human kind. Dr. Through his Textbook of Medical humbled us. He would not succumb to Arthur Guyton was a real hero to the Physiology, which is translated in at the crippling effects of polio. It is very world, and his legacy is everlasting. ❖ least 15 languages, he has probably unlikely that a repairman ever crossed References: done more to teach physiology to the his doorstep, except perhaps for a 1. Brinson C., Quinn J. Arthur C. world than any other individual in his- social visit. He and his children not Guyton His Life, His Family, His tory. Unlike most major textbooks only built their home, but also Achievements. Jackson, MS, which often have as many as 10-20 repaired each and every malfunction- Hederman Bothers Press, 1989. authors, the first eight editions of the ing appliance and home device no mat- 2. Guyton A.C., Coleman T.G. Textbook of Medical Physiology were ter the difficulty or the physical chal- Quantitative analysis of the patho- written entirely by Guyton with a new lenge. He built a hoist to lower himself physiology of hypertension. Circ. Res. edition always arriving on schedule for into the hole beneath their house to 1969, 24 (Suppl I): I1-I19. nearly 40 years. This feat is unprece- repair the furnace and septic lines 3. Guyton A.C., Coleman T.G., Granger dented for any physiology or medical when calling a repairman seemed to H.J Circulation: overall regulation. text. His textbook is unique in the his- be the only option to those who did not Ann. Reviews Physiology, 1972; 34: 13- tory of medical publishing. For his know him well. On trips to meetings, 46. many contributions to medical educa- he walked long distances across air- 4. Guyton A.C. Past-President s tion, Guyton received the 1996 port terminals when using a Address. Physiology, a Beauty and a Abraham Flexner Award from the wheelchair would have been much Philosophy. The Physiologist, 1975; Association of American Medical easier. His struggle to rise from his 18: 495-501 Colleges. He is also honored each year chair and walk to the podium for a lec- 5. Bode R. A Doctor Who s Dad to by APS through the Arthur C. Guyton ture was moving, but the audience was Seven Doctors So Far! Readers Teaching Award. always more impressed when he force- Digest, December 1982. pp. 141-145. An Inspiring Role Model. fully articulated his brilliant concepts. 6. Guyton A.C. Textbook of Medical Guyton s accomplishments extended His courage challenged and inspired Physiology. Philadelphia, PA. W.B. far beyond science, medicine, and edu- us. He expected the best, and somehow Saunders Co., 1956. cation. He was an inspiring role model brought out the very best in people. for life as well as for science. No one Seeing his indomitable spirit and the John E. Hall, was more inspirational or influential challenges that he overcame, how University of Mississippi on our scientific careers than Guyton. could his trainees not do their best? He taught us much more than physiol- We celebrate the magnificent life of Allen W. Cowley Jr. ogy he taught us life, not so much by Arthur Guyton, recognizing that we Medical College of Wisconsin what he said but by his unspoken owe him an enormous debt. He gave us courage and dedication to the highest an imaginative and innovative Vernon S. Bishop standards. approach to research and many new University of Texas He had a special ability to inspire scientific concepts of cardiovascular people through his indomitable spirit. regulation, he gave countless students D. Neil Granger Although he was severely crippled throughout the world a means of Louisiana State University with polio, those of us who worked understanding physiology, he gave with Arthur Guyton thought of him as many of us exciting research careers L. Gabriel Navar being handicapped. His brilliant mind, and, most of all, he inspired us with Tulane University his indefatigable devotion to science, his devotion to education, his unique education, and family, and his spirit ability to bring out the best in those Aubrey E. Taylor captivated students and trainees, pro- around him, his warm and generous University of South Alabama fessional colleagues, politicians, busi- spirit, and his courage. We will miss

Physiology in Perspective Walter B. Cannon Memorial Lecture Award The Cannon Memorial Lecture honors Walter B. the APS President with the consent of Council. Cannon, President of the Society from 1913-1916, More information on the award and nomination and is presented annually by a distinguished physio- procedures are available at http://www.the-aps.org. logic scientist at the spring meeting. The lecture, Nominations must be submitted by October 1. sponsored by the Grass Foundation, is selected by

128 The Physiologist People & Places Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Haddy Receives Mayo Clinic Distinguished Alumni Award

Mayo Clinic honored three physi- rial boards of a number of journals, cians for their contributions to including the American Journal of medicine, research and education. Physiology, Circulation Research, Francis J. Haddy, Gertrude M. Tyce, Hypertension and the Journal of the and Jack P. Whisnant, were presented American College of Nutrition. Mayo Foundation Distinguished Haddy has served on advisory com- Alumnus Awards on Saturday, May mittees and as a member of the boards 17, 2003, during commencement cere- of trustees for the National monies for the Mayo Medical School Hypertension Association, American and Mayo Graduate School in College of Nutrition, American Rochester, MN. The awards recognize Association for Accreditation of alumni of Mayo Clinic education pro- Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC), grams who have achieved significant and Federation of American Societies national and international distinction for Experimental Biology (FASEB). He in their fields. has made Liaison Committee on Haddy was honored for his contribu- Medical Education (LCME) site visits, tions to physiology and medicine. Francis J. Haddy including one to the Mayo Medical Haddy earned his medical degree School. He is a past president of the from the University of Minnesota and cerned cardiovascular physiology and American Physiological Society. later completed a fellowship in inter- cardiovascular disease, particularly Haddy administered the grant appli- nal medicine at Mayo Clinic. He went the roles of sodium, potassium, and cation peer review program in the car- on to earn his PhD in physiology from digitalis-like substances in low renin diopulmonary, integrated physiology, the University of Minnesota Medical hypertension. He taught 45 classes of and clinical areas for the National School. medical students and chaired three Aeronautics and Space Administra- He has published over 150 papers in departments of physiology (University tion (NASA) and currently serves as a peer-reviewed journals. Haddy has of Oklahoma, Michigan State consultant to NASA Life Sciences. ❖ also published 112 reviews and 367 University, Uniformed Services abstracts. These publications con- University). He has been on the edito-

Rickles Named FASEB Executive Director

Frederick Rickles has been selected Association and the American as the new executive director of the Association of Immunologists, Rickles Federation of American Societies for has served on several study sections at Experimental Biology (FASEB). the National Institutes of Health and Robert Wells, FASEB president-elect the Department of Defense, as well as and chair of the executive director the American Cancer Society and the search committee, describes Rickles as American Heart Association. an outstanding leader who brings a In announcing the selection, Wells, rich background of administrative, who also is Director of the Center for clinical and research accomplishments Genome Research at the Institute of to his new duties. Biosciences and Technology at Texas Rickles currently serves as associate A&M University System Health vice president for health research, Science Center, acknowledged the con- compliance and technology transfer at tributions of retiring executive direc- the George Washington University tor Sidney Golub. I also wish to take medical center. From 1993-1998 he Frederick Rickles this opportunity to express my grati- was the deputy chief of hematologic Laboratory at Walter Reed Army tude to Dr. Golub for his dedicated ser- diseases at the Centers for Disease Institute of Research. His research vice as the executive director over the Control and Prevention as well as pro- interests are in the area of hematolo- past three-year period. Sid has played fessor of medicine and pediatrics at gy; specifically in blood clotting, an important role in the Federation s Emory University in Atlanta. inflammation and tumor biology. recent growth and progress. ❖ In addition, Rickles is a former A member of the American Society director of the Thrombosis Research of Hematology, the American Heart

129 The Physiologist People & Places Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

APS Members Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Hopkins University School of Posner is the Chairman athte Sciences announced the election of 187 Medicine. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer new fellows and 29 foreign honorary Ausiello is the Chief of Medical Center, Department of Neurology, members for 2003. Among those elect- Services at the Massachusetts New York, NY. ed are six APS members: Peter Agre, General Hospital. Silver is a professor in the Dennis Ausiello, Barry Brenner, Brenner is the Samuel Levine pro- Deparment of Psychology at Barnard Jerome Posner, Rae Silver, and fessor of Medicine/Director Emeritus College, New York, NY. Samuel Silverstein at the Brigham & Women s Hospital, Silverstein is a professor and Agre is a professor at the Johns Boston, MA. Chairman at Columbia University. ❖

Nicholas Ralph DiPaola recently College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI. Department of Zoology, University of joined the Department of Surgery and Koch was associated with the Florida, Gainesville, FL. Transplantation, Ohio State Univer- Department of GI Medicine, West sity, Columbus, OH. Prior to his new Virginia University Health Science Ashok Kumar Saluja has joined the affiliation, DiPaola was associated Center, Morgantown, WV. Department of Surgery, Pancreatic with the Department of Cardiology, Diseases Center, University of Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleve- Kathryn E. Meier is presently affili- Massachusetts Medical School. land, OH. ated as Professor and Chair with the Worcester, MA. Formerly, Saluja was Department of Pharmaceutical affiliated with the Department of Marcelo Febo has affiliated with the Sciences, Washington State Universi- Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, University ty, Pullman, WA. Meier was formerly Boston, MA. of Massachusetts School of Medicine, with the Department of Pharmacolo- . Worcester, MA. Febo was previously gy, Medical University of South Richard J. Traystman has been associated with the Department of Carolina, Charleston, SC. appointed Associate Vice-President for Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Research Planning and Development, San Juan, PR. Kevin D. Monahan is currently with Oregon Health and Science the Division of Cardiology, Penn State University, Portland, OR. Traystman Lynn A. Heinel accepted a position College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey had been District Research Professor with the Department of Mathematics, Medical Center, Hershey, PA. and Senior Vice Chair Research, Science and Technology, Montgomery Monahan had been affiliated with the Department of Anesthesiology and County Community College, Blue Bell, Department of Kinesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins PA. Heinel had been affiliated with Applied Physiology, University of University School of Medicine, the Department of Neurosurgery, Colorado, Boulder, CO. Baltimore, MD. Thomas Jefferson University, Phil- adelphia, PA, Hiroaki Oda recently accepted the Tetsuro Urushidani is presently position of Director, Oda Medical Head of the Department of Cell and Wissam H. Joumaa has affiliated Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan. Oda was for- Molecular Toxicology, National with the Laboratory Physiology merly affiliated with the Department Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Generale, Lecomest, Beirut, Lebanon. of Medicine, Kure National Hospital, Japan. Formerly, Urushidani was Joumaa formerly was associated with Kure, Hiroshima, Japan. associated with the Laboratory of the Laboratory Physiology Generale, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Univer- Nantes University Faculty of Science, Peter Marc Piermarini has joined sity of Tokyo, Graduate School of Nantes, France. the Department of Cellular and Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo, Molecular Physiology, Yale University Japan. Timothy R. Koch recently moved to School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. the Division of GI Medicine, Medical Piermarini was formerly with the Correction

The February 2003 issue of The Sciences at Winston-Salem State the University of Colorado, Boulder, Physiologist (46, 1, p. 36) inadvertent- University. Jones has not moved and CO. The Physiologist regrets this error. ly listed Pamela Parker Jones as hav- remains at the Department of ing moved to the Department of Life Kinesiology and Applied Physiology at

130 The Physiologist Announcements Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Call for Ideas We are seeking ideas. Specifically, in a novel two-phase approach. Board members. Researchers who do we seek the help of the international Between now and June 15, we are ask- not have access to the Web may send health research community in identi- ing health researchers around the an Email message to info@grandchal- fying the greatest scientific and tech- world to submit their ideas on what lengesgh.org, specifying whether they nological challenges in global health they consider to be the scientific can receive a PDF file or want the the principal current challenges Grand Challenges in Global Health at information faxed to a specific num- standing in the way of major progress. this time. The Scientific Board that I ber. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation chair will then review the submissions Submission of ideas through the has committed $200 million to estab- and select the 10 to 15 most com- Web site is preferred, but those unable lish the Grand Challenges in Global pelling challenges as official Grand to use this form of submission may Health initiative as a major new effort Challenges for the initiative. These Email their responses to call- in partnership with the National Grand Challenges will be announced [email protected] or Institutes of Health (NIH) and the this fall, and solicitations for research Fax them to 1-301-480-2752. Please Foundation for the National Institutes grant proposals to address them will read the Call for Ideas material care- of Health (FNIH). Our aim is to iden- follow. fully and follow the recommended for- tify 10 to 15 critical scientific and/or Our Web site, http://www.grandchal- mat for submission. technical challenges, which, if solved, lengesgh.org, provides a working defi- Responses are due by June 15, could lead to important advances nition of what we mean by grand 2003. against diseases and improve health challenges, details on the Call for Harold E. Varmus in the developing world. Ideas, instructions for submitting rec- Chairman, Scientific Board This Call for Ideas is a call for your ommendations, an electronic submis- Grand Challenges in Global Health recommendations, and is the first step sion form and a list of the Scientific

Primer on Sleep Disorders for the Primary Care Physician Date: October 3-4, 2003 cuss the fundamental aspects of sleep educational activity for a maximum of Location: Johns Hopkins University, and sleep deprivation, review tech- 7.75 hours in category 1 toward the School of Medicine, Thomas B. Turner niques on screening and testing for AMA Physician s Recognition Award. Auditorium, Baltimore, MD sleep disorders, and review the diag- Each physician should claim only nosis and treatment for several com- those hours of credit that he/she actu- Sponsored by: Johns Hopkins mon sleep complaints and disorders. ally spent in the activity. University School of Medicine, Divi- Registration: :Registration sion of Pulmonary and Critical Care Accreditation and Credit Desig- Deadline: September 30, 2003 Medicine nation Statements: The Johns Fees: Physicians, Residents*, Hopkins University School of Medi- Fellows*, and Allied Health Profes- The medical aspects of sleep have cine is accredited by the Accreditation sionals shown progressive importance over Council for Continuing Medical *with verification of status $150 the last two to three decades. Sleep Education to sponsor continuing med- Contact: Conference Coordinator, problems are a very common reason ical education for physicians. The Johns Hopkins University School of for visits to primary care physicians. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Office of Continuing However, sleep histories are rarely Medicine takes responsibility for the Medical Education, Turner 20, 720 obtained and information about sleep content, quality and scientific integri- Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205- and its disorders are minimally ty of this CME activity. 2195; Tel. 410-955-2959, Fax: 410-955- touched upon in most medical school The Johns Hopkins University 0807, Email [email protected]. Web: curricula. In this course we will dis- School of Medicine designates this http://www.hopkinscme.org/cme.

131 The Physiologist Announcements Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

Pain Management Grand Round

Pain Management Grand Round Physicians, and other clinicians and Physician s Recognition Award. Each Date: Ongoing, March 2003-March nurse practitioners involved in chron- physician should claim only those 2004 ic pain management. The Johns hours of credit that he/she actually Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University, Hopkins University School of spent in the activity. School of Medicine Medicine is accredited by the Fees: None Location: http://www.hopkinscme.edu Accreditation Council for Continuing Contact: Kristen Hughes, Office of The target audience includes, but Medical Education to sponsor continu- Continuing Medical Education/ should not be limited to: Anesthesiol- ing medical education for physicians. Funded Programs, Johns Hopkins ogists, Oncologists, Orthopedic The Johns Hopkins University School University, School of Medicine, Turner Surgeons, Physical Medicine and of Medicine designates this education- 20, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD Rehabilitation Specialists, Internists, al activity for a maximum of one cate- 21205-2195; Tel. 410-955-2959, Web: Trauma Surgeons, General gory one credit toward the AMA http://www.hopkinscme.edu.

Wiley Prize in the Biomedical Sciences Founded in 1807, Wiley is a global The Wiley Prize in the Biomedical supplied in the nomination packets. publisher of print and electronic prod- Sciences is intended to recognize con- Therefore, the nominations should be ucts, specializing in scientific, techni- tributions that have opened new fields as complete, current, and accurate as cal, and medical books, journals, and of research or advanced novel concepts possible. reference works. Over the last century, or their applications in a particular More than one scientist may be Wiley has developed a strong reputa- biomedical discipline. The award may nominated if they have worked as a tion by publishing and disseminating recognize a specific contribution or a team. At the jurors discretion, the information on significant advance- series of contributions that demon- award may also be made to more than ments in science, technology, and strate the nominee s significant lead- one individual if they have indepen- medicine, contributed by prominent ership in the development of research dently made comparable contributions researchers and scientists from a vast concepts or their clinical application. in their field. community of scholars worldwide. By The award will consist of a $25,000 Wiley invites and encourages the creating the Wiley Prize in the grant and each year s recipient will nomination of exceptional PhD and Biomedical Sciences, Wiley wishes to deliver a lecture at Rockefeller MD scientists whose research has set acknowledge the contributions of that University the venue for the awards. the standard for excellence. More than community to our corporate success, Professor G nter Blobel, recipient of one nomination can be made from the as well as to recognize and foster ongo- the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physiology or same organization. International nom- ing excellence in scientific achieve- Medicine, is serving as chair of the inations are eligible and the number of ment and discovery. Wiley Prize jury. The other jurors are years in a position is not relevant to The Wiley Foundation has been Dr. Qais Al-Awqati, a physiologist at the nomination. established as the endowing body to Columbia University s College of For additional information about support the Wiley Prize in the Physicians and Surgeons, and Dr. nominating candidates for the Wiley Biomedical Sciences. The establish- David J. Anderson, a developmental Prize, contact: Tel: 201-748-6783; Fax: ment of the foundation will enable the neurobiologist at the California 201-748-6940; Email: [email protected]. award to endure in perpetuity, and Institute of Technology. A distinguished panel of jurors will will provide an organizational struc- The evaluations by the jurors of the select the scientists to be honored. The ture to launch future awards in the contributions of the nominees will Wiley Prize in the Biomedical Sciences sciences and humanities. depend heavily on the information will be awarded in the spring of 2004.

132 The Physiologist Scientific Meetings & Congresses Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003

July 9-13 August 20-23 Enteric Nervous System Conference 2003, Banff, International Society of Adaptive Medicine 7th Alberta, Canada. Information: Dr. Keith Sharkey, International Congress, San Diego, CA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Information: University of California, San Diego, Office of Calgary, 2220 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada. Continuing Medical Education, La Jolla, CA 92093-0617. Phone: 403-220-4601; Fax: 403-283-3028; Email: Toll free: 888-229-6263 or Tel: 858-534-3940; Fax: 858-534- [email protected]; Internet: http://www.med.ucal- 7672; E-mail: [email protected]; Internet: http://cme.ucsd.edu/ gary.ca/webs/ENS/index2.html. isam/index.html

July 10-15 August 23-26 6th IBRO World Congress on Neuroscience, Prague, 33rd International Hospital Congress - From Vision Czech Republic. Information: Email: [email protected]; to Action - Hospitals for a Healthy Future combined Internet: http://www.IBRO2003.cz with 2003 Health Forum and American Hospital Association’s Leadership Summit, San Francisco, CA July 12-17 Information: Internet: http://www.hospitalconnect.com/ 2003 FASEB Summer Research Conferences healthforum/hfeducation/hfsummit.html. Transport ATPases: Genomics, Mechanisms and Relevance to Diseases, Vermont Academy, Saxton September 7-12 River, Vermont. Information: Adele Hewitt , Conference XIIIth International Conference on Invertebrate Coordinator, FASEB Summer Research Conferences, 9650 Dioxygen Binding Proteins, Mainz, Germany. Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20814. Tel.: 301-530- Information: Internet: http://www.io2bip.uni-mainz.de/ 7094; Fax: 301-571-0550; Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.faseb.org/meetings/src September 10-14 Aldosterone and ENaC: From Genetics to July 13-16 Physiology, Banff, Canada. Information: APS 12th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference Office, The American Physiological Society, Conference, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991. Tel.: 301- Information: Marleen van Baak. Email: 634-7967; Fax: 301-634-7241; Email: meetings@the- [email protected], Internet: http://www.biochemex aps.org; Internet: http://www.the-aps.org. .org/IBEC2003/ September 11-19 July 17-19 Genetic Approaches to Complex Heart, Lung and BioThailand 2003: Technology for Life, Pathaya, Blood Diseases, Bar Harbor, Maine. Information: Chonburi Thailand. Information: National Center for Application for this course are being accepted by the Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME Paholyothin Rd., Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 04609-1500. Tel: 207-288-6263; Fax: 207-288-6080; Email: 12120 THAILAND. Tel: 0 2564 6700 ext. 3445; Fax: 0 2564 [email protected]; Internet: http://www.jax.org/courses/hlb_03.html 6704, Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://bio- thailand2003.biotec.or.th/ September 27-October 1 European Respiratory Society Annual Congress July 20-24 2003,Vienna, Austria. Information: ERS Headquarters, 1, XIX International Congress of Biochemistry & boulevard de Grancy, CH-1006 Lausanne, Switzerland; Molecular Biology, Toronto, Canada. Information: Fax: +41 21 617 28 65; Internet: http://www.ersnet.org. Congress Secretariat, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6. Tel: 613-993-9431, Fax: 613- September 29-30 993-7250; Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Safety Pharmacology nrc.ca/confserv/iubmb2003. Society, The Netherlands. Information: Contact the Safety Pharmacology Society, P.O. Box 7033, Audubon, PA August 15-20 19407. Fax: 610-630-1544; Email: execdir@safetypharma- First Gordon Research Conference on Cellular cology.org Osmoregulation: Sensors, Transducers and Regulators, Bristol, RI. Information: Conference Co- October 1-4 Chairs Janet M. Wood ([email protected]) and Karlheinz Understanding Renal and Cardiovascular Function Altendorf ([email protected]) or Through Physiological Genomics, Augusta, GA. Gordon Research Conferences, P.O. Box 984, West Information: APS Conference Office, The American Kingston, RI 02892-0984 USA. Internet: http://www.grc.org/ Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD scripts/dbml.exe?Template=/Application/apply1.dbm 20814-3991. Tel.: 301-634-7967; Fax: 301-634-7241; Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.the-aps.org.

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