A Publication of The American Physiological Society Experimental The Biology 2001 Abstract Physiologist

Deadline Volume 43, Number 4 August 2000 November 6! EB 2001—Translating the Genome

On June 26th, President Clinton walked into denced by their titles. Others will include talks the White House East Room and announced “the by leading scientists using genomics to define most wondrous map ever produced by the physiological function of a cell or a tissue. humankind.” The efforts of a public consortium However, the sessions listed are only those being led by Francis Collins and the private efforts of offered by APS. In the future, The Physiologist, Craig Venter, Celera Genomics, created a “Book the Call for Abstracts (to be mailed in of Letters,” a readout of the 3.1 billion biochem- September), and the EB and APS Home Pages ical “letters” of human DNA. These letters, will provide a listing of the wide range of ses- Inside which provide the coded instructions for a fully sions related to the “omics” listed above. functional human, will remain undecipherable However, as you are well aware, the APS por- until they are combined into words and sentences tion of the Experimental Biology meeting is not 153rd APS with meaning. just about “Translating the Genome.” It is about Business Just as APS created a new journal, all of physiology from cellular and molecular to Meeting Physiological Genomics, to provide a forum for integrative and systems to translational and clin- p. 168 the dissemination of information about the trans- ical application. It is also about professional lation of the “Book of Letters” arising from the development and social interactions. multiple genome projects, the organizers of the Consequently, I urge you to be part of the Experimental Biology meeting hope to make the Experimental Biology meeting scheduled for APS Awards EB 2001 Meeting a forum for translating the March 31-April 4, 2001 in Orlando, Florida. Not p. 180 genome. Based on the program offerings from only will it provide an opportunity for you to the participating societies, it is clear that interact with other physiologists, it also repre- Experimental Biology 2001 will be one of the sents the first meeting since 1991 at which mem- major venues for all the “omics” arising from the bers of the American Society for Biochemistry EB 2001 genome projects. Not only will it feature physio- and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) will partici- Preliminary logical genomics, as defined by APS, but it will pate. ASBMB will be joining the traditional EB Program also include scientific sessions defined as func- participants of APS, American Society for p. 191 tional genomics, proteomics, pharmacoge- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, nomics, structural genomics, etc., by our sister American Society for Investigative Pathology, societies. Just as the 90s was the “Decade of the American Society for Nutritional Sciences, Brain,” the societies participating in the American Association of Immunologists, and Midwest Experimental Biology meeting consider this the American Association of Anatomists at the 2001 Chapter Meets decade for “Translating the Genome.” Once meeting in Orlando. p. 204 completed, the secrets within the “Book of The APS meeting within EB will start on Letters” will lead to a revolution in diagnosis and Saturday with a refresher course on treatment of disease. “Endocrinology in the Modern Medical In the pages of The Physiologist, you will find Curricula,” a tutorial on “Experimental Gene IUPS Travel a complete listing of the sessions being offered Delivery and Therapy,” and a workshop on Award by your colleagues for presentation at the “Integrative Approaches for the Study of Application Experimental Biology meeting. A number of Physiological Function in Genetically Altered them will serve to translate the genome as evi- Mice.” That evening, Robert J. Lefkowitz will p. 234 (continued on page 167)

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 165 Published bimonthly and distributed by The American The Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 Physiologist ISSN 0031-9376 Gerald F. DiBona Volume 43 Number 4 August 2000 President Walter F. Boron Past President John E. Hall Contents President-Elect Martin Frank Editor and Executive Director Experimental Biology 2001 Chapter News Councillors Translating the Genome Report on Midwest Physiological Hannah V. Carey, William W. Chin, Martin Frank 165 Society Meeting 2000 204 Douglas C. Eaton, Steven C. Hebert Phyllis M. Wise, Jo Rae Wright

153rd APS Business Public Affairs Ex Officio Meeting 168 House and Senate Pass NIH Dale J. Benos, Ray G. Daggs Awardee 173 Funding Measures 205 Mordecai P. Blaustein, Cannon Awardee 174 Revised Animal Research Facilities Barbara E. Goodman, Judith A. Neubauer, Celia D. Sladek Bowditch Awardee 174 Cost Manual Available 206 Randall Awardee 174 USDA to Revise Distress Definition, Publications Committee: Chairman: tum Suden/Hellebrandt Pain and Distress Reporting 207 Dale J. Benos; Members: David H. Awardees 175 Alpers, R. Davis Manning, Jr., Procter & Gamble Professional Obituaries Richard A. Murphy, James A. Schafer. Opportunity Awards 176 Ernst Knobil (1926-2000) 209 Director of Publications: Margaret Minority Travel Fellowships 176 Reich. Design and Copy Editor: John Walsh (1939-2000) 210 Joelle R. Grossnickle. 2000 Postdoctoral Fellowship Carl Gisolfi (1943-2000) 211 Recipients 179 Subscriptions: Distributed to mem- bers as part of their membership. SocietyAwards 180 People & Places Nonmembers in the USA: individuals Section Awards 183 NEI Director Steps Down 212 $42.00; institutions $62.00. Nonmembers elsewhere: individuals NAS Elects New Members 212 Membership $52.00; institutions $73.00. Single Thorner Awarded Grant 214 copies and back issues when available, New Members 186 Nielsen Receives Award 215 $10.00 each; single copies and back Deceased Members 189 issues of Abstracts issues when avail- News From Senior able, $20.00. Subscribers to The Experimental Biology 2001 Physiologist also receive abstracts of Physiologists 217 the Conferences of the American Preview 191 Physiological Society. Positions Available 221 The American Physiological Society APS News assumes no responsibility for the Book Reviews 225 statements and opinions advanced by Introducing Thomas Lohmeier 195 contributors to The Physiologist. DiBona Thanks APS Staff 208 Deadline for submission of material Books Received 228 for publication: Jan. 1, February issue; Education March 1, April issue; May 1, June Announcements 229 issue; July 1, August issue; Sept. 1, The Harvey Project 197 October issue; Nov. 1, December issue. EB Workshop 198 Scientific Meetings Physiology Insights Workshop 199 Please notify the central office as and Congresses 230 SRTs Honored at Luncheon 200 soon as possible if you change your address or telephone number. International Science and APS Membership Engineering Fair 201 Headquarters phone: 301-530-7164. Application 231 HAPS Annual Meeting 203 Fax: 301-571-8305. http://www.faseb.org/aps/ IUPS Travel Award Printed in the USA Application 237

166 The Physiologist EB 2001—Translating the Genome

(continued from page 165) designed to be more user friendly than numerous opportunities for these indi- present the annual Walter B. Cannon the “LaTex” version used the last sever- viduals to be recognized for their work Award Lecture, followed by the annual al years. Please review the material and for their contributions to our disci- APS mixer, an opportunity to mingle included in the Call for Abstracts and on pline. The Society will once again offer and mix with your colleagues. During the EB and APS Home Pages to make the Caroline tum Suden/Frances A. the remainder of the week, attendees your submission experience a pleasant Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity will have the opportunity to attend the one. After all, the abstract deadline of Awards, the Procter and Gamble Henry Pickering Bowditch Award November 6, 2000, is rapidly Professional Opportunity Awards, the Lecture presented by Peter M. T. Deen, approaching. NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel as well as the 12 Distinguished EB 2001 will also provide the Society Awards, numerous section awards, as Lectureships sponsored by the 12 disci- with an opportunity to welcome the well as Young Investigator Awards such plinary sections of the Society. In addi- Association of Latin American as the Giles F. Filley, Lazaro J. Mandel, tion, there will be numerous symposia Physiological Societies (ALACF) and Shih-Chun Wang, and Arthur C. Guyton and featured topic presentations on the Sociedad Espanola Ciencias Awards. Last year, APS used the every aspect of the physiological sci- Fisiologicas (SECF) as guest societies Business Meeting to announce the ences. at the meeting. Each society will be names of over 150 individuals receiving The meeting, however, is not about offering two symposia featuring awards totaling nearly $250,000 as a the lectures and symposia organized by research performed by members of their result of their contributions to physiolo- the Society. The EB Meeting is about societies. In addition, it is anticipated gy. This year, you can be one of those you, the individual investigator and the that a large number of ALACF and awardees. Once again, check out the forum it provides for the presentation of SECF members will plan on attending Call for Abstracts and the APS Home your work as volunteered abstracts. the meeting in Orlando. The APS will Page (http://www.faseb.org/aps) for Last year, APS members submitted over also be welcoming The information about the award programs 2,500 abstracts to the meeting. This Microcirculatory Society, the available for the EB Meeting. year, APS anticipates an equivalent Biomedical Engineering Society, the In order to make the EB 2001 meet- number of submissions by the member- American Federation for Medical ing a success, we need your participa- ship. All volunteered abstracts will be Research, and the Society for tion. Please consider attending this presented as posters, with some being Experimental Biology and Medicine as year’s meeting in Orlando. It represents selected for an additional presentation guest societies for the meeting. the start of a decade in which the EB in an oral session. The Experimental Biology 2001 participating societies will be striving to This year, abstracts will only be meeting is also about the students, post- unravel the mysteries of the “Book of accepted electronically. APS and the doctoral fellows and junior faculty at Letters.” EB 2001 will mark the start of other EB societies have contracted with our institutions. As always, APS will the decade devoted to “Translating the the MIRA Digital Publishing to develop host a number of sessions designed to Genome.” ❖ an online abstract submission system enhance their professional develop- Martin Frank for use by EB meeting participants. It is ment. In addition, the Society will have Executive Director

Mark Your Calendars!

Experimental Biology 2001

Abstract Deadline

November 6, 2000

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 167 153rd Business Meeting

Time: 5:30 PM, Monday, April 17, 2000 occurred during his term as President: papers. Boron announced that APS is Place: San Diego Convention Center, staff changes, E-Biomed, which led to currently negotiating with PubMed San Diego, CA PubMed Central, APS Central, Central to give them APS journal con- Physiological Genomics, ISI agreeing tent 12 months after publication and yet I.Call to Order to individual impact factors for the allow users to search APS content The meeting was called to order at American Journal of Physiology jour- immediately, linking to the present fee- 5:35 PM by President Walter F. Boron, nals, the upcoming APS-Scandinavian based HighWire system during that first who welcomed the members to the Physiological Society Meeting, and the year. 153rd Business Meeting of the Strategic Planning Meeting. Boron described APS Central, the American Physiological Society. A Major staff changes occurred this past APS online system for submission and booklet containing the agenda and a year with the retirements of long-time review of manuscripts. He noted that it listing of all the APS award recipients employees Brenda Rauner, Publications has already been implemented for JAP, was distributed. President Boron select- Manager and Executive Editor; Laurie AJP: Lung, Cellular, and Molecular ed Susan Barman as parliamentarian. Chambers, Production Manager; and Physiology and Physiological Gen- James Liakos, Business Manager. He omics, and Journal of Neurophysiology introduced the people now responsible and AJP: Cell Physiology. Plans include for those departments: Margaret Reich, implementing APS Central for all APS Director of Publications; Anna journals within 12 months. One of the Trudgett, Editorial Manager; and reasons for the push to get all the Robert Price, Director of Finance. Society’s journals online during the E-Biomed in its original incarnation next year is that plans are being made to would have made the NIH the sole bio- electronically publish accepted manu- medical publisher in the world (or at scripts on the web on the day of accept- least the USA). This would have meant ance, with approval of the author. that NIH would have been responsible The new APS journal Physiological APS President Walter F. Boron for reviewing and all editorial decisions, Genomics had its first online release would have eliminated the printed page July 1999 plus two other online releas- II. Election of Officers immediately, and would have provided es in 1999. The first print publication of Executive Director Martin Frank content free to readers (although it was the journal was in December 1999. For announced the results of the election of not clear at the beginning who would 2000, there have been three online officers that was conducted by mail bal- finance E-Biomed). In a later incarna- releases to date and the first print issue lot. The membership elected John E. tion, it was revealed that authors would for 2000 is scheduled for May. The goal Hall, University of Mississippi, as be financing the venture through pay- for the journal is to have a monthly President-Elect (April 18, 2000-April 4, ment of page charges. It was possible, online release and publication schedule 2001). The two newly elected had E-Biomed come to fruition, that at some point in the future. Councillors for three-year terms are physiology as an identifiable published Boron reminded the membership that Douglas C. Eaton, Emory University, discipline would disappear. The new ISI had finally agreed to calculate and Steven C. Hebert, Vanderbilt version is called PubMed Central. Impact Factors for all the individual University (April 18, 2000-April 16, Under this version, present journals American Journal of Physiology jour- 2004). They will assume office at the would continue to exist and be respon- nals instead of just the consolidated close of the Annual Meeting. They are sible for the reviewing, editing, and journal. Each journal will now compete replacing Dale J. Benos and Richard J. publishing of scientific literature. Once on its own merits rather than relying on Traystman, who are completing three- printed, the material would be trans- the overall impact factor of AJP. Boron year terms on Council. ferred to PubMed Central. It would be explained that the Impact Factor is a up to the individual publisher to decide two-year index. Where APS journals do III. State of the Society when to make content available for free extremely well is in the 10-year index, Boron mentioned that each year the access on PubMed Central (e.g., after sometimes improving four-fold com- President of the Society has the oppor- three months, six months, one year, pared with competing journals. tunity to review the year and comment etc.). PubMed Central allows for seam- A joint APS-Scandinavian Physio- on the state of the Society at the annual less, full-text search capability across logical Society Meeting has been Business Meeting. He pointed out that all participating journals. It would also planned for August 16-19, 2000 in there were several major events that offer superior electronic archiving of Stockholm, Sweden. The program has

168 The Physiologist 153rd Business Meeting been finalized and is available on the membership: Heini Murer of the Chan is studying the responses to APS Web site. Travel grants are avail- University of Fribourg, Switzerland. protective immunity against Mycobac- able for the meeting, with a June 1 This month, Martin Frank, APS terium tuberculosis, including the for- deadline. Executive Director approved 100 stu- mation of TNFa-dependent granulomas Boron announced that the Society dent and four affiliate members. With and the immunomodulators that medi- had held a Strategic Planning Meeting the addition of these candidates, the ate the regulation of TNF. Hickman- in November 1999. The Section Society’s membership stands at 9,961. Davis’ current research is on the impor- Advisory Committee, the Long-Range tance of nitric oxide for mycoplasmal Planning Committee, and the APS B. Deaths Reported Since the Last killing in vitro and in vivo in mice, Council were involved. Boron noted Meeting demonstrating the complexity of inter- that it was the 1992 Strategic Plan that DiBona read the names of those actions between reactive oxygen-nitro- shaped the current Society so success- members whose deaths had been report- gen species and proteins during inflam- fully. At the 1999 meeting, a long-range ed since the last meeting. The member- mation. plan was established for the future of ship stood and observed a moment of Each recipient received a $25,000 APS. Among the major initiatives dis- silence in tribute to their deceased col- check for use in his/her respective cussed were publications, meetings, and leagues. research program, a plaque, and reim- member benefits (see April issue of The bursement of expenses to attend the Physiologist for details). V. Awards and Presentations Experimental Biology meeting. In closing, Boron thanked the mem- A. Giles F. Filley Memorial Awards bership for the opportunity to serve the As a result of a bequest from the fam- B. Arthur C. Guyton Award for Society. ily of Giles F. Filley, a memorial fund Excellence in Integrative Physiology was established in 1993 to recognize A donation to the Society in honor of IV. Report on Membership excellence in respiratory physiology Arthur C. Guyton led to the establish- A. Summary of the Membership and medicine. Two annual awards are ment in 1997 of an award to recognize Status made to investigators who hold an aca- excellence in integrative physiology. President-Elect Gerald F. DiBona demic rank no higher than assistant pro- One award is made annually to a regu- reported on the status of the Society fessor and are pursuing research in res- lar APS member who demonstrates out- membership. As of March 21, 2000, the piratory physiology and medicine. standing promise based on his/her current membership of the Society is Awards are made to APS members research program in feedback, mathe- 9,612, of which 6,775 are regular mem- working in the United States, who have matical modeling, and integrative phys- bers, 39 are honorary members, 1,066 demonstrated outstanding promise iology. are emeritus members, 70 are affiliate based on their research program. President Boron presented the 2000 members, and 1,662 are student mem- President Boron presented the 2000 Arthur C. Guyton Award in Integrative bers. During this Experimental Biology awards to Edward D. Chan, National Physiology to Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, meeting, Council approved the election Jewish Medical and Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, of 244 people to regular membership. In Denver, and Judy Marie Hickman- Boston. addition, at this meeting, one physiolo- Davis, University of Alabama, (continued on page 170) gist was elected by Council to honorary Birmingham.

President Walter F. Boron presenting President Walter F. Boron presenting President Walter F. Boron presenting Giles Filley Award to Edward D. Chan. Giles Filley Award to Judy-Marie Arthur C. Guyton Award to Jeffrey M. Hickman-Davis. Hausdorff.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 169 153rd Business Meeting

(continued from page 169) for his research contributions in the D. Lazaro J. Mandel Hausdorff is using his background in areas of neurophysiology and neu- Young Investigator Award biomedical engineering to improve ropharmacology with an emphasis on As a result of a bequest from the wife understanding of the regulation of phys- brainstem control mechanisms. An of Lazaro J. Mandel, a memorial fund iological systems, to study the factors award is made to an APS member work- was established in 1999 to recognize that contribute to change in these sys- ing in the United States who has excellence in epithelial or renal physiol- tems with aging and disease, and to demonstrated outstanding promise ogy. An annual award is made to an generate new means for investigation, based on his/her research program. investigator who holds an academic diagnosis, and intervention. His Boron presented the 2000 Wang Award rank no higher than assistant professor research to date has focused on gait and to Peter J. Havel, University of and is pursuing research in epithelial or heart rate dynamics, as well as their California, Davis. renal physiology. An award is made to interactions, by simultaneously moni- Havel is investigating the interactions an APS member working in the United toring electrocardiogram and walking of the nervous and endocrine systems in States who has demonstrated outstand- step rate to study the relationship regulating metabolic homeostasis and ing promise based on his or her research between ECG changes and physical energy balance. His research falls into program. Each award is for $12,000 and activity on a beat-to-beat and step-by- two main areas: 1) understanding how is designated for the use of the awardee step basis. the nervous system communicates with in his/her research program. Boron Hausdorff received a $12,000 check the endocrine pancreas to maintain glu- introduced Mrs. Muriel Mandel,who for use in his research program, a cose homeostasis and how this interac- presented the 2000 Mandel Award to plaque, and reimbursement of expenses tion is altered in individuals with dia- Iskander I. Ismailov, University of to attend the Experimental Biology betes, and 2) how the peripheral signals Alabama, Birmingham. meeting. from adipose tissue (leptin) and the Ismailov is investigating the regula- endocrine pancreas (insulin) participate tion of recently cloned epithelial Na+ C. Shih-Chun Wang in the long-term regulation of energy channels (ENaCs) in airway epithelia, Young Investigator Award intake, energy expenditure, and body fat specifically in relation to cystic fibrosis, As a result of a bequest from the wife stores; what the biochemical and a genetic disease that results because of of Shih-Chun Wang, a memorial fund molecular mechanisms are that regulate severely disordered transport function was established in 1998 to recognize leptin production; and what effects the of several epithelia. He seeks to deter- excellence in physiology. Shih-Chun dietary factors have on this system. mine the CFTR-interacting domain in Wang was the Pfeiffer Professor of Havel received a $12,000 check for the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the a- Pharmacology at Columbia University use in his research program, a plaque, subunit and in the N-terminal cytoplas- and a long-standing member of the and reimbursement of expenses to mic tails of b- and/or g-rENaC subunits. APS. He was internationally recognized attend the Experimental Biology meeting. Ismailov received a $12,000 check for

President Walter F. Boron presenting Shih-Chun Wang Award President Walter F. Boron and Mrs. Muriel Mandel presenting to Peter J. Havel. Lazaro J. Mandel Award to Iskander I. Ismailov.

170 The Physiologist 153rd Business Meeting

use in his research program, a plaque, Awards are open to graduate students or I. Recognition of Outgoing and reimbursement of expenses to postdoctoral fellows who present papers Section Chairs attend the EB meeting. at the spring meeting. Recipients Eileen M. Hasser, outgoing Chair of receive a $500 check for travel to the the Neural Control and Autonomic E. Liaison With Industry Awards Experimental Biology meeting, paid Regulation Section, and Ronald H. The Liaison With Industry Awards registration, and have access to the Freeman, outgoing Chair of the Water are given to the graduate student and the FASEB Placement Service. Susan and Electrolyte Homeostasis Section, postdoctoral fellow submitting the best Barman, Chair of the Women in complete their terms at the close of this abstract describing a novel disease Physiology Committee, presented the meeting. Boron expressed pleasure in model. Boron and Terry Opgenorth, awards. (see p. 175) having had the opportunity to serve in a Chair of the Liaison With Industry leadership capacity with them and rec- Committee, presented the 2000 Liaison G. Procter & Gamble Professional ognized their dedication and guidance With Industry Awards to Postdoctoral Opportunity Awards to their individual sections as well as Fellow Marc Egli from the CHUV, The Procter and Gamble Company, a the Society, presenting each with a Lausanne, and Graduate Student Shayn multinational, technically based con- plaque. M. Peirce from the University of sumer products corporation, provides Virginia. support for the APS Professional J. Recognition of Outgoing Egli is investigating impaired alveo- Opportunities Awards. The APS sec- Councillors lar fluid clearance and augmented sus- tions selected 17 predoctoral students Councillors Dale J. Benos and ceptibility to lung edema in mice with who are within 12-18 months of receiv- Richard J. Traystman complete their defective amiloride-sensitive sodium ing a PhD degree and are presenting a terms at the close of this meeting. transport. Peirce is studying the attenu- paper as first author at the spring meet- Boron expressed pleasure in having had ation of I/R injury in skin using a selec- ing. Paid registration and $500 checks the opportunity to serve on Council tive A2A adenosine receptor agonist. were given to the awardees. (see p. 176) with them and recognized their dedica- tion and guidance to the Society, pre- F. Caroline tum Suden/Frances H. Minority Travel Fellowships senting each with a plaque. Hellebrandt Professional Frank announced that 43 Minority Announcing that this is L. Gabriel Opportunity Awards Travel Fellowship awards, funded by Navar’s last meeting as an officer of the Thirty-six awards were made possi- NIDDK and NIGMS, were presented to Society, Boron noted that it was a spe- ble by the bequests of Caroline tum minority students to help them attend cial pleasure to recognize Navar for his Suden and Frances Hellebrandt, who the Experimental Biology 2000 meet- were long-time members of the Society. ing. (see p. 176) (continued on page 172)

President Walter F. Boron and Terry Opgenorth pre- President Walter F. Boron pres- President Walter F. Boron pres- senting Marc Egli and Shayn Peirce with Liaison With ents a plaque to Eileen Hasser, ents plaque to Ron Freeman, Industry Award. outgoing chair of the Neural outgoing chair of the Water and Control and Autonomic Electrolyte Homeostasis Regulation Section. Section.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 171 153rd Business Meeting

(continued from page 171) Section and Education Office of APS; strong and effective leadership and true and the change in membership status to service to the Society. A plaque honor- recognize colleagues throughout the ing his presidency was given to Navar. world as Regular members of the Navar thanked the Council and Society. However, he noted that with Society membership for the opportunity the Society having more of an interna- to serve as President. He noted that he tional status, this brings additional has “tried to serve the constituency, not responsibility. He pointed out that both only of the Society, but the whole con- in The Americas and overseas, there are stituency of physiology, whether mem- many programs, schools, and societies bers or not.” He remarked that he had that are in need of help. APS should been witness to an incredible transfor- stretch out its hand to those individuals, mation occurring in APS: reaching the societies, and departments who could goal of 10,000 members by the year use some assistance. He urged those 2000; finishing the Core Learning emerging leaders present to take charge Objectives in conjunction with the and move the Society forward into the President-elect Gerald DiBona. ACDP and APS, particularly Rob next century. Carroll and the Teaching of Physiology VII. Passing of the Gavel VI. New Business Boron then turned the gavel over to International Union of Gerald F. DiBona, University of Iowa, Physiological Sciences the incoming President of the American Boron introduced special internation- Physiological Society. DiBona thanked al guest Anthony Macknight, Organizer Boron for leading the Society through- of the 2001 IUPS Congress to be held in out the past year, and especially for his Christchurch, New Zealand. efforts on developing the 2000 APS Macknight gave an update on the sta- Strategic Plan, which will serve to tus of the upcoming meeting. He guide the Society over the next several announced that everyone should look years. He thanked the membership for for an article in News in Physiological the opportunity to serve as President of Sciences detailing the superb scientific the Society. program. In addition, there will be out- There being no other business, the standing non-scientific activities that meeting was adjourned at 6:37 PM, promise to be fun for all attendees. He April 18, 2000. ❖ President Walter F. Boron presents urged everyone to come and enjoy the Gerald F. DiBona plaque to Richard Traystman, outgoing President-Elect Councillor. 2001 IUPS Congress and New Zealand.

President- elect Gerald DiBona receives the gavel from President Walter F. Boron.

President Walter F. Boron presents plaque to L. Gabriel Navar, outgoing Past President.

172 The Physiologist Ray Daggs Award

Ray G. Daggs was the APS Executive its members. He is the embodiment of Secretary-Treasurer from 1956 until his those characteristics that are considered retirement in 1972. In tribute to his necessary for those honored with the devotion to the Society, the Ray G. Ray G. Daggs Award of the APS. Daggs Award was established and is In accepting the Daggs Award, Valtin given annually to a physiologist for dis- expressed his “heartfelt thanks to the tinguished service to the Society and to Daggs Award Committee and to the the science of physiology. Boron was Council for giving me this honor. The pleased to announce that the recipient fact is, my service to the Society has of the 2000 Ray G. Daggs Award is been so enjoyable and satisfying that no Heinz Valtin. Valtin was born in recognition through an award was nec- Hamburg, Germany in 1926. His family essary. Anyone who has served on APS immigrated to the United States when committees or on Council—and there he was still a youngster, and he became are many in this room—can testify to a naturalized US citizen in 1945. He APS President Walter Boron presenting the thoughtful preparation and support the Ray G. Daggs Award to Heinz Valtin. graduated from Swarthmore College in that is brought to each meeting by 1949 and from Cornell University his scientific research papers, Valtin has Marty Frank and his superb and friend- Medical College in 1953. He obtained contributed substantially to the disci- ly staff—a fitting tribute, indeed, to the postgraduate training at the University pline of physiology through his popular Society’s first Executive Secretary- of Rochester Medical School and St. textbook, Renal Function: Mechanisms Treasurer, Ray G. Daggs. The result is a Andrews University Medical School in Preserving Fluid and Solute Balance in friendly and trusting atmosphere in Scotland. Health, now in its third edition. which our deliberations are conduct- Valtin’s early training at St. Andrews Valtin has received many honors and ed—always with serious intent, but University resulted in several publica- awards during his illustrious career, also, invariably, with that sense of tions in the Scottish Medical Journal, including the Purkinje Medal from the humor that is so essential to tolerating and these were his first scholarly contri- Czechoslovak Physiological Society, long meetings. What’s more, through a butions to the medical and scientific lit- the I.P. Pavlov Medal from the combination of sound fiscal manage- erature. Following completion of his Physiological Society of the USSR, and ment (plus, of course, the spectacular postgraduate training, Valtin joined the the Arthur C. Guyton Award for market), the Society has the resources faculty of Dartmouth Medical School in Distinguished Teaching from the for implementing our many worthwhile 1957 as Instructor in the Department of American Physiological Society. His programs, old and new. My service to Physiology. He has remained at service to the APS has been exemplary; the Society spanned a critical period for Dartmouth throughout the intervening for example, he served on Council and the discipline of physiology. My first forty-some years, serving as Chair of on the Editorial Boards of the American meeting with the Council occurred in the Department of Physiology from Journal of Physiology and News in the early 1990s, a period when many 1977 to 1989. Presently, he is the Physiological Sciences. He also served physiologists were hanging their heads Andrew C. Vail Professor Emeritus and as Chair of the Scientific Program because it appeared (to some but not all) Constantine and Joyce Hampers Committee of APS. Additionally, Valtin that physiology had been usurped by the Professor Emeritus of Physiology at served as treasurer of the International exciting developments in cellular and Dartmouth. Union of Physiological Sciences from molecular biology. It is truly exhilarat- Valtin has a strong interest in the neu- 1984 to 1989. He also has been actively ing to contemplate, in retrospect, in rohypophyseal hormones, especially involved with other scientific societies, what a short period of time physiology vasopressin and its renal actions for including the National Kidney has recovered from that low point and water reabsorption and concentration of Foundation and the American Heart risen to a new peak. The new essential the urine. He has made many contribu- Association. role for physiology in the biomedical tions to our understanding of vaso- It is abundantly clear that Heinz sciences was expressed by none other pressin biology through his research Valtin has contributed to the advance- than the Director of the National efforts in normal animals and in animals ment of physiological science through Genome Research Institute, Francis with hereditary diabetes insipidus. He his many research contributions, Collins, when, in his introductory com- played a major role in the development through his educational contributions, ments as chair of the first Physiology of genetic animal models with heredi- and through his exemplary service InFocus Symposium at these meetings, tary diabetes insipidus. In addition to given over many years to the APS and he pointed out that the next step after

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 173 Ray Daggs Award defining the human genome, will be to know—was the founding, in 1999, of Lecture. Thus, from discouragement in elucidate the physiological function of the new journal, Physiological the late 1980s and early 1990s, we have each of our genes. This need was seen Genomics, published—of course, and blossomed into a vibrant present and a clearly by Allen Cowley when he made proudly—by the American Physiologi- promising future! Thank you, once “functional genomics” the hallmark of cal Society. This resurgence of physiol- more, for this award.” his presidency of the APS. And the cul- ogy was illustrated clearly yesterday by mination of this effort—as you all Curt Sigmund’s beautiful Bowditch

President Walter F. Boron presents the Walter B. Cannon Past President L. Gabriel Navar presents the Henry Pickering Lecture Award to M. Judah Folkman. Bowditch Lecture Award to Curt Sigmund.

President-elect Gerald DiBona and Gene Rupp present the Walter C. Randall Lecture Award to Nigel Cameron.

174 The Physiologist Awards

Caroline tum Suden/Frances A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Awards Presented to Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Fellows

Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who were first Romulo Leite, University of Michigan Medical School authors on an abstract submitted to Experimental Biology Pamela Lloyd, University of Missouri, Columbia 2000 in San Diego, CA were eligible to apply for the Caroline Robert D. Loberg, University of Michigan tum Suden/Frances A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Christopher J. Madden, University of Pittsburgh Award. The APS Women in Physiology Committee, chaired Martin Mense, Yale University by Susan Barman, Michigan State University, selected 36 Stephen E. Mercer, University of Texas at Arlington awardees from a pool of 123 applicants. Applicants were cho- Jauchia Wu, Yale University School of Medicine sen based on two criteria: the quality of their abstracts; and Pablo A. Ortiz, Henry Ford Hospital the content of letters written by the applicants that explained Rennolds Ostrom, University of California, San Diego their goals, research, and why they were particularly deserv- John Peever, University of Toronto ing of the award. Each awardee received $500, a certificate of Tonous N. Silfani, Northeastern Ohio Univ. College of Med. recognition, and complimentary registration for the EB 2000 Sean D. Stocker, University of Pittsburgh meeting. Awards were presented during the APS Business Douglas M. Swank, San Diego State University Meeting at EB 2000. Zoltan Ungvari, New York Medical College Awardees were: Sara M. Vaplon, University of California, San Diego Khristopher Agassandian, University of Iowa David S. Weber, University of Michigan Barbara T. Alexander, Univ. of Mississippi Medical Center Steven M. White, Tulane University School of Medicine Laurent P. Audoly, Duke University Medical Center Yuan Clare Zhang, University of Florida Stacy Beske, Colorado State University Robert W. Brock, University of Western Ontario Scott H. Carlson, University of Alabama at Birmingham Shampa Chatterjee, University of Pennsylvania Kanchan A. Chitaley, University of Michigan Inyeong Choi, Yale University School of Medicine Brant DeFanti, University of California, Davis Anne M. Dorrance, University of Michigan Sharyn M. Fitzgerald, Univ. of Mississippi Medical Center Melissa A. Fleegal, University of Florida Patricia Ohliger Frerking, University of California, Davis Annette M. Gabaldon, University of California, Davis Josephine M. Garcia-Ferrer, Saint Louis University Erik-Jan Kamsteeg, University of Nijmegen Caroline tum Suden/Frances Hellebrandt Professional Henry L. Keen, University of Iowa Opportunity Awardees.

Moving?Moving? If you have moved or changed your phone, fax, or email address, please notify the APS Membership Office at 301-530-7171 or fax to 301-571-8313.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 175 Awards

Predoctoral Students Receive Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awards at EB 2000

Each year, the Procter & Gamble Company provides a gen- Michelle Z. Tucker, University of Southern California erous contribution to the APS to allow the recognition of Erwin A. Bautista, University of California, Davis valuable contributions of predoctoral students to the science Harry B. Rossiter, St. George Hospital Medical School of physiology. Students apply for the Procter & Gamble Andrew N. Alexander, University of Wisconsin Professional Opportunity Award through one of the 12 Erin J. Whalen, University of Iowa Sections of the Society. Each Section participates in the selec- Matthew Walker, III, Tulane University tion of awardees, and the number of awards each Section Natalie R. Norwood, University of South Alabama makes is based on the number of applications submitted. Regina R. Randolph, University of Missouri, Columbia Seventeen awardees were selected to attend Experimental Biology 2000 in San Diego, CA. Each awardee received $500, a certificate of recognition, and complimentary regis- tration for the Experimental Biology meeting. Awards were presented at the APS Business Meeting at EB 2000. Awardees were: Mir Haroon Ali, University of Chicago Kenneth D. Cohen, University of Rochester Monica L. Gardon, University of Florida Alok Pachori, University of Florida Brian M. Button, University of Texas Medical Branch Michael Christensen, Vanderbilt Univ. School of Medicine Alex Zambon, University of California, San Diego John R. Kapoor, Finch Univ. of Health Sci./Chicago Med. School Deborah Kristan, University of California, Riverside Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awardees.

APS Members Serve as Mentors to EB 2000 NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel Fellows

The APS has awarded Travel Fellowships to underrepre- this award. This year, 43 minority students were selected sented minorities to attend the APS/Experimental Biology from 61 applications to receive fellowships, enabling them to meeting each spring since 1987. These travel awards are sup- attend EB 2000 in San Diego, CA. ported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). Awardees are provided with funds for trans- portation, meals, lodg- ing, and complimentary meeting registration. The APS Porter Committee reviews and selects applicants for NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel Fellows.

176 The Physiologist Awards

Director, presented cer- tificates to each Fellow. During the luncheon, program participants compared their scientific activities of the week, and heard statements from APS member Alice Villalobos of the University of Connect- icut. Villalobos focused on the value of having several mentors during her career in physiology and in her personal life. NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel Fellows. The travel awards are open to graduate students, One of the most important components of the Minority postdoctoral students, and advanced undergraduate students Travel Fellowship is the pairing of Fellows with APS member from minority groups underrepresented in science (i.e., volunteers who serve as mentors to Fellows during a meeting. African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Pacific Mentors provide guidance on sessions to attend, introduce Islanders). Students must be US citizens or permanent resi- Fellows to other scientists, and offer career advice. This com- dents. The specific intent of this award is to increase partici- ponent allowed Fellows to more fully experience all aspects pation of pre- and postdoctoral minority students in the phys- of EB 2000, as evidenced in the follow-up evaluation surveys. iological sciences. For more information, contact the APS One student made the following comment: “…the mentoring Education Office at 301-530-7132, educatio@aps. component is one of the most attractive components of the faseb.org, or http://www.faseb.org/aps/Education.html. fellowship. The excitement that is expressed by the mentor was wonderful.” Another student wrote: “…the mentoring EB 2000 Awardees were: was beneficial—I appreciated getting an outside opinion and Diane S. Allen-Gipson, Florida A&M University advice about my academic development.” Other Fellows Erwin A. Bautista, University of California, Davis expressed their appreciation that the program provides “not Richard A. Beswick, Univ. of Michigan Medical School only financial assistance, but also professional guidance.” Wendy R. Burns, Western Michigan University Several students focused on the value of networking at scien- Antonio J. Carrasco, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Foundation tific meetings, including one who wrote: “…I think the men- Christie R. Claxton, Jackson State University toring component is the most significant and useful part of the Ana Y. Estevez, Vanderbilt University program. I have made several important contacts; without the Ricardo Falcon, University of New Mexico mentoring, I doubt I would have had those contacts.” The Martin Farias, Univ. of North Texas Health Science Center mentors are much appreciated for their time and expertise. Karen Feng, University of Arizona Fellows and their mentors also attended a closing luncheon Carmina A. Flores, Meharry Medical College at EB held in conjunction with the APS Women in Physiology Gerald Frank, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Committee’s Women in Physiology Mentoring Program. Annette M. Gabaldon, University of California, Davis Walter Boron, APS President, and Martin Frank, Executive Terri Gomez, University of Wisconsin, Madison Rayna J. Gonzales, University of New Mexico Orlando Gonzalez, Univ. of Puerto Rico School of Medicine Monica Grafals, Univ. of Puerto Rico School of Medicine Gerald M. Herrera, University of Vermont Keith Jackson, Univ. of North Texas Health Science Center Nikki L. Jernigan, University of New Mexico Elmond J. Johnson, Meharry Medical College Dorian Jones, University of Missouri, Columbia Ollie Kelly-Appleberry, Emory University Keri Kles, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign NIDDK/NIGMS Minority Travel Fellows. Rafael A. Leos, New Mexico State University

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 177 Awards

Jurandir J. Dalle Lucca, University of Louisville Parimal Chowdhury, Univ. of Arkansas for Med. Sciences Cina M. Mack, North Carolina State University George Cooper, Medical University of South Carolina Ronald K. McMillon, University of South Alabama James Covell, University of California-San Diego Delphine F. Medicine Horse, Dull Knife Memorial College John Cuppoletti, Univ. of Cincinnati College of Medicine Stephania T. Miller, Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Margarita Curras-Collazo, Univ. of California-Riverside Donna A. Ortiz, New Mexico Highlands University Maria Florez-Duquet, Cal-Polytech State Univ. Rudy M. Ortiz, University of California, Santa Cruz Ernest Greene, New Mexico Highlands University Jewel R. Payne, Montana State University Robert Gunn, Emory University School of Medicine Cassandra V. Reyes, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Pamela Gunter-Smith, Spelman College Tiffany T. Robinson, Meharry Medical College Alan Hargens, University of California-San Diego Raudel Sandoval, University of Illinois at Chicago Lisa Harrison-Bernard, Tulane Univ. School of Medicine Oscar Kenneth Serrano, University of Arizona Peter Horvath, SUNY at Buffalo LaTonia Stiner, Wright State University Joyce Jones, University of Missouri-Columbia George D. Thorne, University of Cincinnati Irving Joshua, University of Louisville Patricia Turner, National Institutes of Health/NHLBI Jonathan Kaunitz, UCLA School of Medicine John Walker, University of Louisville Ulla Kopp, University of Iowa College of Medicine Matthew Walker, III, Tulane Medical School Evangeline Motley, Meharry Medical College Letha Woods, Meharry Medical College C. Subah Packer, Indiana University School of Medicine Nancy Pelaez, California State University-Fullerton EB 2000 Mentors: Jane Reckelhoff, University of Mississippi Medical Center James Amend, Texas A&M University Joyce Richey, University of Southern California Mouhamed Awayda, Tulane University Medical Center Roy Russ, Mercer University School of Medicine Susan Barman, Michigan State University Celia Sladek, Finch Univ. of Health Sci./Chicago Med. Sch. Siribhinya Benyajati, Univ. of Okla. Health Science Center John Stallone, Texas A&M University Kathleen Berecek, University of Alabama at Birmingham Bruce Stanton, Dartmouth Medical School Cesar Blanco, University of Southern California Colleen Talbot, California State University-San Bernardino Clark Blatteis, University of Tennessee, Memphis Richard Vari, Univ. of North Dakota School of Medicine Eldon Braun, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Alice Villalobos, University of Connecticut Steven Britton, Medical College of Ohio Mark Weiss, Kansas State University Robert Carroll, East Carolina Univ. School of Medicine John Wood, University of Kansas Medical Center William Chilian, Medical College of Wisconsin Stephen C. Wood, Summa Health Systems

APS Sustaining Associate Members The Society gratefully acknowledges the contributions received from Sustaining Members in support of the Society’s goals and objectives. Abbott Laboratories The Grass Foundation Pharmacia and Upjohn, Inc. ADInstruments Harvard Apparatus Procter & Gamble Company American Medical Association Janssen Research Foundation Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Astra Arcus USA, Inc. Eli Lilly and Company W. B. Saunders Company Axon Instruments, Inc. The Mack Printing Group Schering-Plough Research Institute Berlex Biosciences Merck and Company, Inc. G. D. Searle and Company Gould, Inc. Nycomed, Inc. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals The Gatorade Company Pfizer, Inc.

178 The Physiologist Awards

2000 APS Postdoctoral Fellowship Recipients

Council approved the APS Awards understood. With the proposed Health Science Center. He proposes to Committee request to award three APS research, he will focus on the use a combination of hypothesis and Postdoctoral Fellowships in Wnt/Wingless signaling pathways in discovery-driven approaches to assess Physiological Genomics for 2000 the hair follicle and specifically on one the transcriptional machinery of hiber- because of the high quality of the three gene, Tcf3, which is likely to play an nating golden-mantled ground squirrels applications. instrumental role in coordinating the (Spermophilus lateralis). He hypothe- A total of 27 applications were proliferation and differentiation of fol- sizes that there will be significant received for the fellowship. After licular stem cells in the adults. changes in transcription both quantita- reviewing all the applications, the Sun is currently a postdoctoral fellow tively and qualitatively during torpor. Awards Committee selected Bradley J. with Constance L. Cepko at the Harvard Due to the severe metabolic depression Merrill, Biao B. Sun, and Frank van Medical School. He plans to use the that characterizes hibernation and the Breukelen as the 2000 APS award to undertake research designed to estimation that transcription may Postdoctoral Fellows. As awardees, understand cone cell development in the account for as much as 10% of a cell’s each will receive a yearly stipend vertebrate retina. The thrust of the pro- standard metabolic rate, he hypothe- allowance of $30,000 and a mini-grant posal is to identify genes that influence sizes that there will be a general reduc- of $3,500 for laboratory expenses. The cell fate choices and differentiation tion of transcriptional activity in torpid length of the award is two years. processes leading to mature cones. An squirrels. This reduction is likely to be Merrill, currently a postdoctoral fel- understanding of cone photoreceptor achieved, at least in part, by passive low in the laboratory of Elaine Fuchs at development will shed light on how temperature effects on both initiation the University of Chicago, proposes to diverse cell types are generated in the and elongation. Further experimental use the hair follicle to investigate the central nervous system. Moreover, such data will determine if there is also an functions of proteins that contribute to an understanding will provide insights active mechanism to suppress transcrip- signaling mechanisms. While the stages into human retinal diseases, such as tion during hibernation. of the hair cycle are morphologically cone-rod dystrophies and age-related The deadline for applications for the and temporally well defined, the signals macular degeneration. 2001 APS Postdoctoral Fellowships in that are responsible for directing the van Breukelen is a postdoctoral fel- Physiological Genomics is January 15, cell proliferation and differentiation low in the laboratory of Sandra L. 2001. ❖ through these stages remain poorly Martin at the University of Colorado

Biao Sun plans to use his fellowship award in Constance Frank van Breukelen and Sandra L. Martin at the Cepko’s lab to undertake research designed to under- University of Colorado Health Science Center where van stand cone cell development in the vertebrate retina. Breukelen will apply his fellowship.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 179 APS Awards

The following APS Awards are avail- Manuscripts will be evaluated by a The awards can be used to support able to the membership. For mor infor- Society Awards committee consisting of short-term visits to other laboratories to mation and applications, please see the three members of APS appointed annu- acquire new skills and to support atten- APS web site (http://www.faseb.org/aps/ ally by Council in consultation with the dance at courses devoted primarily to Awards.htm.) chair of the History of Physiology methodologies appropriate for both new Group. At least one member will be a investigators and more senior investiga- Ray G. Daggs Award professional historian. tors entering a new field of research. This annual award is presented to a Manuscripts should conform to the Members in good standing interested physiologist who is judged to have pro- style used in APS journals. Manuscripts in applying should submit an applica- vided distinguished service to the sci- should be sent to the Orr E. Reynolds tion including a curriculum vitae, justi- ence of physiology and APS. Selection Award, American Physiological fication for an award, description of is made by Daggs Award Committee. Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, enhancement activity and current The recipient receives an honorari- MD 20814-3991, by December 1. The research program, and anticipated um of $500, a plaque, and expenses to award will be presented at the Society budget for the proposed program of participate in the EB meeting. The Business Meeting. enhancement. The applicant must also Award is presented at the Society include a letter of support either from Business Meeting. G. Edgar Folk, Jr., Senior his/her department chair, laboratory Physiologist Award host, or other appropriate individual. Orr E. Reynolds HistoryAward The G. Edgar Folk, Jr., Senior Deadline: December 1 Physiologist Fund has been set up Teaching Career Enhancement The Orr E. Reynolds History Award through the generosity of family and Awards is given annually by APS for the best former graduate students and postdoc- Deadlines: April 15 and October 15 historical article submitted by a mem- toral fellows to provide assistance to The Teaching Career Enhancement ber of the Society. senior physiolo-gists, 70 years or older, Awards are designed to enhance the Articles may deal with any aspect of who no longer have grant funds avail- career potential of regular members. the history of physiology, including the able to them. The awards, in the amount The awards provide up to $4,000 to development of physiological ideas and of $500, might be used for such pur- develop innovative and potentially their application, instrumentation, indi- poses as attending an APS meeting to widely applicable programs for teach- vidual and collective biography, depart- present a paper, engag-ing in a series of ing and learning physiology. mental and institutional history, history modest experiments, or completing a The awards can be used to support of societies including APS, and physiol- manuscript. Recipients will be selected short-term visits to other schools to ogy in its public context. Manuscripts with the assistance of the Senior consult with experts who can assist with should represent original research and Physiologists Committee. Names of the project or attendance to courses on be adequately documented. Articles awardees will not be made public. methodologies appropriate for the edu- published in APS journals or books dur- When the award was established, it was cational development project. ing the prior calendar year are also eli- for the Senior Physiologists Committee Regular members in good standing gible for the award upon request by the “to have fun assisting colleagues and may submit an application form includ- author(s). The award is open to all APS for Emeritus APS members to keep in ing: 1) a 2-page description of the pro- members except those holding closer touch with APS.” posed project, including the aim, the educational problem that the project is advanced degrees in the history of sci- Research Career ence and medicine. A member may designed to ameliorate, identification of receive the award only once. Enhancement Awards the innovative aspects, a plan to evalu- The awardee will receive $500 plus Deadlines: April 15 and October 15 ate the educational outcomes, and the expenses to attend the annual spring EB The APS Career Enhancement kinds and sources of expertise needed meeting. If the awardee wishes, and Awards are designed to enhance the by the to carry out the project; 2) an there is a suitable place on the program, career potential of APS members. The anticipated budget with justification for an oral presentation will be made at the awards provide up to $4,000 for indi- fund requests; 3) a letter of support EB meeting or a subsequent conference viduals in the early phases of their from the applicant's department chair or at the beginning or an appropriate scien- careers to obtain special training and in other appropriate individual; 4) letters tific session. It is hoped that, after the later phases of their careers todevel- of agreement from individual or depart- appropriate peer review, the article will op new skills and to retrain in areas of mental hosts of schools to be visited; 5) be published in one of the APS journals. developing interests. description or outline of courses to be

180 The Physiologist APS Awards attended; and 6) a brief curriculum vitae Arthur C. Guyton Awards higher than assistant professor. The focused on activities and achievements for Excellence in Integrative award is $12,000 and is for the use of related to education. Physiology the awardee in his/her research pro- Successful applicants are expected to gram. The award does not include any Deadline: November 1 report, in print or at a physiology con- indirect cost reimbursement. ference, a description of the project and The Arthur C. Guyton Fund was its evaluation. Awardees are encour- established in to recognize Guyton's contributions and interests in feedback, Lazaro J. Mandel Young aged to submit reports for publication in Investigator Award Advances in Physiology Education. modeling, and integrative physiology. The awards are made to independent Deadline: November 1 Giles F. Filley Memorial investigators, who hold an academic The Lazaro J. Mandel Young rank no higher than assistant professor, Investigator Award was established in Awards for Excellence and are pursuing research that utilizes 1999 in memory of Lazaro J. Mandel, in Respiratory Physiology integrative approaches to the study of professor of physiology at Duke and Medicine physiological function and explores the University and long-standing APS Deadline: November 1 role of feedback regulation in physio- member. The Mandel Young The Giles F. Filley Memorial Fund logical function. Investigator Award will be made annu- was established to recognize excellence An unrestricted $15,000 award is des- ally to an individual demonstrating out- in respiratory physiology and medicine. ignated for the use of the awardees in standing promise based on his/her The awards are made to investigators their research programs. Awards do not research program in epithelial or renal holding an academic rank no higher include any indirect cost reimburse- physiology. Applications will be accept- than assistant professor and are pursu- ment. Applications are accepted from ed from members of APS working with- ing research in respiratory physiology regular members of APS. in the United States and holding an aca- and medicine. Each award is for The awards will be announced dur- demic rank no higher than assistant pro- approximately $25,000 and is designat- ing the APS Business Meeting held at fessor. The award is for $12,000 and is ed for awardee’s use in his/her research the Experimental Biology meeting. The designated for the use of the awardee in program. Awards do not include any recipients receive reimbursement for his/her research program. The award indirect cost reimbursement. their expenses to attend the meeting and does not include any indirect cost reim- Awards will be made annually to a certificates recognizing their designa- bursement. The first Mandel Award will individuals demonstrating outstanding tion as Arthur C. Guyton Awardees. be presented at the EB 2000 meeting. promise based on his/her research pro- gram in respiratory physiology and Shih-Chun Wang Young John F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial medicine. Applications will be accepted Investigator Award Fellowships from members of APS working within Deadline: November 1 Deadlines: May 15 and November 15 the US, reflecting Giles F. Filley’s con- The Shih-Chun Wang Memorial Fund APS invites applications for the John tributions to the national research com- was established in 1998 in memory of F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial Fellowships. munity through his membership in APS. Shih-Chun Wang, the Pfeiffer Professor The Perkins Fellowships are designed Because of Filley’s long association of Pharmacology at Columbia primarily to provide supplementary with the University of Colorado, University and a long-standing member support to foreign physiologists who Denver, preference for one award, on a of The American Physiological Society. have already arranged for fellowships competitive basis, will be given to indi- Wang was internationally recognized or sabbatical leave to carry on scientific viduals affiliated with that institution. for his research contributions in the work in the United States. The awards will be announced dur- areas of neurophysiology and neu- The supplementary support is intend- ing the APS Business Meeting held at ropharmacology with an emphasis on ed to help foreign scientists bring their the EB meeting and at the Respiration brain stem control mechanisms. The families to the United States and thus Section dinner. The recipients receive Award will be made annually to an indi- enable them to take fullest advantage of reimbursement for their expenses to vidual demonstrating outstanding other cultural benefits inherent in inter- attend the meeting and a plaque recog- promise based on his/her research pro- national exchange. Preference will be nizing their designation at Giles F. Fil- gram in the physiological sciences. given to physiologists working in the ley Awardees. The awardees are select- Applications will be accepted from APS fields of respiratory physiology, neuro- ed by a committee composed of mem- members working within the United physiology, and temperature regu- bers of the APS Respiration Section. States and holding an academic rank no lation. Applications from scientists in (continued on page 182)

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 181 APS Awards

(continued from page 181) This award is designed to support the diem expenses. Faculty applicants developing countries will also be given training of talented students entering a should also include a statement of cur- special attention. career in physiology and to provide pre- rent and pending support. Application should be made by both doctoral fellowships for minority stu- the visiting scientist and his/her host. To dents, postdoctoral fellowships, and Caroline tum Suden/ Frances qualify, the host must be a member of limited sabbatical leave aid for faculty A. Hellebrandt Professional the APS. The application should contain members of predominantly black Opportunity Awards an account of these arrangements with a schools who wish to update their exper- brief description of the proposed scien- tise in physiology. In addition, funds Deadline: November 6 tific work and an account of how visi- have been made available to lecture- The APS Caroline tum Suden tors and their families intend to make ships and laboratory equipment to Professional Opportunity Awards use of cultural opportunities during develop teaching consortia linking pre- ($500, complimentary registration, and their stay. Deadlines for receipt of dominantly black colleges with medical placement service fees) are granted to applications are May 1 and November schools in the same area. Summer as many as 30 graduate students or post- 1. Applications are available from the research fellowships are also awarded doctoral fellows who present a con- Executive Director, American Phys- for minority undergraduate opportuni- tributed paper at the EB meeting. iological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, ties for physiological research. Candidates must be the first author of Bethesda, MD 20814-3991, USA. The recipients receive stipends, and an abstract submitted to APS. An an allowance is given to the training accompanying letter, signed by the APS Postdoctoral Fellowship department or laboratory where the sponsor of the abstract, must contain 1) in Physiological Genomics recipient will work. certification that the author is a student Deadline: January 15 or postdoctoral fellow and 2) the The APS, initially in collaboration with Minority Travel Fellowship approximate date the nominee will be available for employment. Applicants Genentech, Inc., designed a postdoctor- Awards al fellowship program to promote must also submit a one-page letter stat- Deadline: November 13 careers in mammalian organ system ing his/her research goals, role in their NIDDK Travel Fellowships for physiology. In 1993, the APS-Genen- research, and reasons why he/she is Minority Physiologists are open to tech Postdoctoral Fellowship was estab- deserving of the award. Awardees are under-represented minorities who are lished in recognition of the fact that notified by the Womens Committee advanced undergraduate, predoctoral, many advances in cell and molecular prior to March 1 and presented with and postdoctoral scientists, including will ultimately require an understanding their awards during the APS Business students, who have obtained their in the context of the organism, and spe- Meeting. undergraduate education in Minority cial training will be needed to conduct Biomedical Research Programs and this type of research. A central criterion Liaison With Industry Awards MARC-eligible institutions, as well as is that the postdoctoral project uses the Deadline: November 6 students in the APS Porter Development tools of cellular and molecular biology Liaison With Industry Awards will be Program. Applications may also be sub- in the setting of the whole animal. In made to the graduate student and post- mitted by minority faculty members at 1996, APS made the commitment to doctoral fellow submitting the best the above institutions. Funds will pro- continue supporting the Fellowship abstract describing a novel disease vide transportation, meals, and lodging without the support of Genentech. model. The awards provide $500 to the to attend the annual spring Candidates must identify a labora- graduate student and $800 to the post- Experimental Biology meeting. The tory and sponsor under whose supervi- doctoral fellow. specific intent of this award is to sion a project in mammalian organ sys- Awards are announced during the increase participation of the pre- and tem physiology and molecular biology APS Business Meeting held at the postdoctoral minority students in physi- can be combined. The award is for a Experimental Biology meeting. ological sciences. Applicants need not two-year period and includes an annual be members of the APS but should be stipend ($30,000) and a trainee AAAS Mass Media Science US citizens or hold permanent resident allowance of $3,500. visas. With the application form, candi- and Engineering Fellowship Two awards are made per year. dates should include 1) a brief curricu- Deadline: January 15 William T. Porter lum vitae; 2) a letter of recommenda- APS will sponsor an AAAS Mass Fellowship Awards tion from the applicant’s advisor; and 3) Media Science and Engineering fellow who will spend 10 weeks over the sum- Deadlines: January 15 and July 15 an estimate of required travel and per

182 The Physiologist APS Awards mer working for a newspaper, maga- complex scientific issues to nonscien- The fellowship will include expenses zine, radio or television newsroom. The tists. Applicants must be currently for traveling to sessions and the job site program includes a one-week orienta- enrolled as a graduate or postgraduate as well as a weekly stipend based on the tion in Washington, DC to help fellows student of physiology or a related disci- local cost of living. ❖ develop their ability to communicate pline.

Section Awards

Distinguished Lectureship Lectureship of the Teaching of Experimental Biology meetings from Awards Physiology Section junior investigators and to aid them in The 12 Distinguished Lectureship • Ernest H. Starling Distinguished their travel expenses. To be eligible, the Awards are named after outstanding Lectureship of the Water and investigator must be within 10 years of contributors to the disciplinary areas of Electrolyte Homeostasis Section. receiving his/her PhD or MD degree and have submitted a first-authored physiology. The recipient is chosen by Procter & Gamble the section as a representative of the abstract to a Cardiovascular Section best within the discipline. The annual Professional Opportunity topic category. Abstracts from eligible lecture is presented at the EB meeting. Awards individuals will be judged by the Each recipient receives an honorarium Deadline: November 6 Cardiovascular Section Awards of $1,000 and up to $2,000 to cover The Procter & Gamble Professional Committee and a total of up to nine travel expenses. Opportunity Awards (providing $500 each year which are judged to be the The 12 named Lectureships are: and complimentary registration for the most meritorious will be awarded. • Robert M. Berne Distinguished EB meeting) are granted to at least 17 Eligible individuals are requested to Lectureship of the Cardiovascular predoctoral students who present a con- email a copy of their submitted abstract Section tributed paper at the meeting. to the Chair of the Cardiovascular • Hugh Davson Distinguished Candidates must be the first author of Section Awards Committee: George Lectureship of the Cell and Molecular an abstract submitted to APS and with- Cooper, [email protected], to arrive Physiology Section in 12-18 months of completing his/her by November 30, 2000. • Joseph Erlanger Distinguished PhD degree. All recipients must be US The Cardiovascular Section presents Lectureship of the Central Nervous citizens or hold a permanent resident two annual awards: the Lamport Award System Section visa. An accompanying form, signed by and the Carl J. Wiggers Award. • August Krogh Distinguished the sponsor of the abstract, must contain The Lamport Award is presented to a Lectureship of the Comparative 1) certification that the author is a pre- young investigator under the age of 36 Physiology Section doctoral student and 2) the approximate showing outstanding promise in his/her • Solomon A. Berson Distinguished date of degree completion. field of cardiovascular research. The Lectureship of the Endocrinology and Awardees are selected by the follow- recipient, who receives a certificate and Metabolism Section ing sections of APS: Cardiovascular, a $500 check, is selected by an awards • Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Cell & Molecular Physiology, Central committee. The Carl J. Wiggers Award Lectureship of the Environmental and Nervous System, Comparative honors a founder of the section and is Exercise Physiology Section Physiology, Endocrinology & presented to a scientist who has made • Horace W. Davenport Distinguished Metabolism, Environmental & Exercise outstanding and lasting contributions to Lectureship of the Gastrointestinal Physiology, Gastrointestinal, Neural cardiovascular research. The selection Section Control & Autonomic Regulation, is made by the Steering Committee. The • Carl Ludwig Distinguished Renal, Respiration, Teaching of recipient receives a plaque and presents Lectureship of the Neural Control and Physiology, and Water & Electrolyte a lecture on their research at the annual Autonomic Regulation Section Homeostasis. EB meeting. • Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship of the Renal Section Cardiovascular Central Nervous System • Julius H. Comroe, Jr., Distinguished The Cardiovascular Section Young The Central Nervous System (CNS) Lectureship of the Respiration Section Investigator Award ($500) is designed Section of the APS will provide at least • Claude Bernard Distinguished to entice submission of abstracts to the (continued on page 184)

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 183 Section Awards

(continued from page 183) Physiology Section (EEP) presents the Banquet. The awardee will receive a two awards ($500 each) for recognition following awards at its Business certificate, a check for $600, and reim- of meritorious research by young inves- Meeting or Awards Banquet during the bursement of the registration fee. tigators who participate in the annual Experimental Biology Convention. The EEP Recognition Award is pre- Experimental Biology Meeting. To The EEP Honor Award is presented to sented to one or more pre-doctoral qualify for this award, the applicant a current or retired primary member of graduate students whose investigations must have received a PhD or other pro- the Section whose research has made in either environmental, exercise, or fessional degree within the past 10 significant contributions to the advance- thermal physiology has been designated years and must present a poster or talk ment of environmental, exercise, or by the Steering Committee as being an at the EB meeting. The subject matter thermal physiology. Recognition example of meritorious experimental of this presentation can by any topic includes members whose teaching, research. The recipient must be first related to the central or peripheral nerv- mentoring, and service endeavors have author on a submitted abstract to the ous system. Applications will be enhanced the functions of the Section EEP Section, and be certified by his/her reviewed and rated by the CNS Section while promoting the Society’s objec- advisor as being eligible for such an Awards Committee. To apply for this tives. The recipient will receive a award. The awardee will receive a cer- award, please submit four copies of the plaque, a check for $1100, reimburse- tificate and a check for $500. submitted abstract (or a paragraph ment of their registration fee, and the describing your research if it is to be opportunity to be the featured speaker at Gastrointestinal presented in a symposium) and a note the Awards Banquet of the Section. The Gastrointestinal Physiology indicating the year you received your The Gatorade Beginning Section Student Prize ($500) is degree, your current position, and Investigator Award is presented to a designed to challenge and reward whether you are a member of the APS. post-doctoral fellow or its equivalent trainees who are engaged in gastroin- Membership in the APS is not required whose investigation in either environ- testinal research. Two awards will be but is highly recommended. Mail these mental, exercise, or thermal physiology made at the Experimental Biology items by January 31, 2001 to the Chair has been designated by the Steering Meeting. One will be given for work of the CNS Section Steering Committee as an outstanding example done while enrolled as a doctoral or Committee: Susan Barman, Department of experimental research. The recipient medical student. A second award will of Pharmacology & Toxicology, must be first author on a submitted be given for work performed during the Michigan State University, East abstract to the EEP Section, answer a first through third postdoctoral years or Lansing, MI 48824-1317. questionnaire from the Steering during a medical residency. In order to Committee, have received their be considered, the applicant must be Comparative Physiology advanced degree within four years of first author on an abstract submitted for The Comparative Physiology the date of the abstract deadline, and be the meeting and either the applicant or Section Scholander Award (provides present at the Awards Banquet. The sponsor must be a member of APS. A $200 and a certificate) will be presented awardee will receive a certificate, a copy of the abstract, accompanied by to an outstanding young investigator check for $700, and reimbursement of the signed and completed APS Award presenting a paper in the “Scholander the registration fee. Certification Form should be sent to: Award” session. Applicants must sub- The Gatorade Young Investigator Linda Allen, APS, 9650 Rockville Pike, mit their abstract to the “Scholander Award is presented to a pre-doctoral Bethesda, MD 20814-3991 to arrive on Award Session” topic category, be first graduate student whose investigation in or before January 15, 2001. author on the abstract and not more than either environmental, exercise, or ther- The Distinguished Research Award in five years past the highest degree. Mail mal physiology has been designated by Gastrointestinal Physiology recipient is a copy of your abstract submission and the Steering Committee as an outstand- selected by the Steering Committee to the completed APS Award Certification ing example of experimental research. recognize achievement in gastrointesti- Form to Linda Allen, Membership The recipient must be first author on a nal research. Nominations are wel- Services, APS, 9650 Rockville Pike, submitted abstract to the EEP Section, comed from the membership. The Bethesda, MD 20814-3991. Deadline certified by his/her advisor as being eli- recipient presents a lecture during the for applications is November 6, 2000. gible for such an award, answer a ques- section banquet and receives a cash prize. tionnaire from the Steering Committee, Environmental and one who has not received an advanced Liaison With Industry Exercise Physiology degree at the date of the abstract dead- Novel Disease Model Award The Environmental and Exercise line, and be present at the Awards ($500/graduate student. $800/postdoc-

184 The Physiologist Section Awards toral fellow) will be granted to the grad- APS, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, teaching graduate students in a research uate student and postdoctoral fellow Maryland 20814-3991. lab. Each nominee must be nominated submitting the best abstracts describing by a member of APS. The nominator is a novel disease model. The model can Renal responsible for completing application be cellular or in vivo but should empha- The Aventis Pharmaceutical materials and forwarding copies to the size the potential utility of the system Excellence in Renal Research Awards chair of the Award Selection for future research related to a disease are sponsored by Hoechst Marion Committee. The person selected process. This award is sponsored by the Roussel and are designed to promote receives the award at the annual banquet Liaison with Industry Committee. A and develop excellence in research per- of the Teaching of Physiology Section. copy of the submitted abstract, accom- taining to molecular, cellular, or organ The Teacher of the Year receives a cer- panied by the signed and completed mechanisms involving the kidney. tificate, an honorarium of $1,000, and Award Certification Form should be Awards are presented to two categories expenses of up to $750 to attend EB. sent to: Linda Allen, Membership of students: predoctoral students Services, APS, 9650 Rockville Pike, (including graduate students and med- Water and Electrolyte Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 by ical students) and postdoctoral fellows. Homeostasis November 6, 2000. Award recipients must be first authors The Young Investigator Award in on an abstract submitted to Renal and Regulatory and Integrative Physiology Neural Control and Electrolyte Physiology for program- was established to encourage young Autonomic Regulation ming at the EB meeting. Prior to the investigators to continue research The Michael J. Brody Young meeting, a first level of evaluation is careers in regulatory and integrative Investigator Award of the APS Neural conducted based on the submitted physiology. The award is presented Control and Autonomic Regulation abstract A subset of abstracts are further annually at the business luncheon of the Section ($500) is sponsored by Merck judged during oral presentation at the Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis & Co. recognizes a promising young meeting. Award winners are announced Section to a young investigator (<40 investigator who has made a significant at the annual renal dinner held in con- years old) who has made important con- research contribution to the understand- junction with the meeting and are pre- tributions to our understanding of the ing of neural control and autonomic sented with a cash prize. integrative aspects of cardiovascular, regulation. The award is open to gradu- The Young Investigator Award for renal, and neuroendocrine physiology ate students (post-candidacy exams), Excellence in Renal Phyisology recog- in health or disease. The award consists postdoctoral fellows, and clinical fel- nizes an outstanding young investigator of $500, a plaque, and complimentary lows who present and are first author on working in any area of renal physiology. registration to the EB meeting. The an abstract at Experimental Biology. Nominees must be less than 41 years recipient of the award is invited to pres- Either the applicant or the abstract old as of the date of the renal dinner or ent a short lecture on his/her research sponsor must be a member of APS. less than 15 years beyond receipt of during a scientific session of the EB Applicants must mail a copy of the sub- their first doctoral degree. meeting. Any member of APS in good mitted abstract; the completed APS standing may apply or be nominated for Award Certification Form; a list of pub- Teaching of Physiology the award. Applications will be lications; a one-page summary and The Teaching of Physiology Section reviewed by the Section’s Award evaluation of research contributions, sponsors the Arthur C. Guyton Committee and should include a cur- written by the applicant and; a cover let- Physiology Teacher of the Year Award. riculum vitae of the nominee, a brief ter signed by both the applicant and The award is sponsored by the W. B. (one-page) summary and analysis of the sponsor indicating the date, or expected Saunders Company. Nominees must be research contributions of the nominee, a date, of highest degree. The deadline full-time faculty members of accredited complete list of publications, and two for receipt of applications is colleges or universities and members of letters of nomination from members of December 30, 2000. Send applications APS. They must be involved in class- APS. ❖ to Linda Allen, Membership Services, room teaching and not exclusively

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 185 Membership

New Regular Members *transferred from student membership Ted G. Abel H. Bud Chew* Peter Walter Grandjean University of Pennsylvania Salisbury State University Auburn University Hamda Abdulla Al-Naemi Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou Richard Aaron Hodin University of Qatar Univ. of Pennsylvania Medical Center Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Center Adamu Alemayehu* Eugene V. Cilento Joachim Hoyer University of California, San Diego West Virginia University Medical Center Benjamin Franklin Magdalena Alonso-Galicia* Joan Clark Jianhua Huang Medical College of Wisconsin Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Ctr. Kansas State University Steffan Gregory Anderson Vincent P. Clark Dorina Mary Iacino Oral Roberts University University Connecticut Health Center Saddleback College John Michael Arthur Kenneth D. Cohen* Masataka Ikeda University of Louisville Western Michigan University Sakai Municipal Hospital Kevin Brady Atkins P. Michael Conn Keith E. Jackson University of Michigan Oregon Health Science University UNTHSC Nobuyoshi Azuma Fernando Morgan De Aguiar Correa Jonathan Harvey Jaggar Asahikawa Medical College School of Medicine Ribeirao Preto University of Tennessee, Memphis David M. Barnes Valdeci Dacunha Zhi-Gen Jiang University of Wisconsin Berlex Biosciences Oregon Health Sciences University Beth Beason-Armendarez Mark G. Davies Douglas G. Johns* Rice University Univ. of Rochester Medical Center Boston Univ. School of Medicine Sheryl Gene Beck Hubert Richard Dinse Fruzsina Klara Johnson Children’s Hospital, Philadelphia Neuroinformatik Tulane University School of Medicine Jordi Bermudez Kimberly Dawn Dyer Lynelle Rae Johnson* University De Barcelona NIH/NIAID University of Missouri Silvia Bertuglia Curtis D. Eckhert Vincent Joseph CNR Inst./di Fisiologia Clinica University of California, Los Angeles ULB, Hopital Erasme Gurent Beydon Lincoln Edwards* Sharon Leah Juliano CHU Angers Case Western Reserve University Uniformed Svcs. Univ. of Health Sci. Elisabet Borsheim Rolf Ehrsam Bela Kanyicska Shriners Hospital for Children University of Basell Florida State University Douglas Leslie Bovell Carmen Denise Eilertson Ryuta Kawashima Glasgow Caledonian University Georgia State University Tohoku University – IDAC Gregory L. Brower* Qingping Feng Harm J. Knot Auburn University University of Western Ontario University of Florida Angus McLeod Brown John N. Forrest Johan Hermanus Koeslag University of Washington Yale University School of Medicine University of Stellen Bosch Colin Douglas Brown Jameson Forster Ralf Kohler Univ. of Newcastle Medical School University of Kansas Medical Center Benjamin Franklin-Free U Berlin Joseph Bryan Taro Furukawa Tadayoshi Kosugi Baylor College of Medicine Tokyo Med. & Dent. University University of the Ryukyus Brett Francis BuSha Stephen L. Gaffin Ronald Kramp Dartmouth Medical School US Army Res. Inst. for Env. Med. University of Mons-Hainaut Charleata A. Carter Natalia I. Gokina Carissa Marie Krane Univ. of Arkansas for Med. Sciences University of Vermont University of Cincinnati Jinwen Chen James R. Goldenring Hidetake Kurihara Univ. of PA School of Medicine Medical College of Georgia Juntendo Univ. School of Medicine Zhongyi Chen Simon Golding James R. Lackner East Tennessee State University Oxford University Brandeis University Bo Cheng William Robert Gower Charles Paul Lambert Washington Univ. School of Medicine VA Hospital, Tampa Univ. of Arkansas for Med. Sciences

186 The Physiologist Membership

Lisa Marie Larkin* Ruben Mestril Robert C. Roach* University of Michigan Loyola University, Chicago New Mexico Highlands University John Paul Lavelle Lee Eugene Miller Pamela Johnson Rowsey University of Pittsburgh Northwestern University University of North Carolina H. Thomas Lee Jiangyong Min Alessaugro Rubinacci Columbia University Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Center Scientific Institute H.S. Raffaele Hsinyu Lee Francois B.C. Mion Sebastian Sasu Univ. of California-San Francisco Hospital E. Herriot New England Medical Center Soo Hwan Lee Hajime Miura David A. Schneider* School of Medicine Ajou University University of Tokushima Washington State University Patrick Kahkin Leong Madhumita Jena Mohanty Willian E. Schutzer University of Southern California Wayne State University Portland VA Med. Center Cathy W. Levenson Carol Patricia Moreno-Quinn Patrick Segers Florida State University Medical College of Wisconsin Ghent University Chiang-shan Ray Li David Bruce Mount Michael Neil Shadlen Chang Gung Hospital/University Vanderbilt University Medical Center University of Washington Zhicheng Li Sohair Abdulla Moustafa Joseph I. Shapiro University of Missouri-Columbia Suez Canal University Medical College of Ohio Wei Liang Janet M. Mullington Pavel N. Shashkin National Institutes of Health Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr. University of Maryland, Baltimore Charles S. Lieber Benno Nafz Hong Shen Mt. Sinai Sch. Med-VA Med Center Humboldt University University of Michigan Peitan Liu Mariko Nakamura Yoshiharu Shimomura UMDNJ University of the Ryukyu Nagoya Institute of Technology Qing-song Liu Thomas Noll Kai Singbartl University of California-San Diego Justus-Liebig University University of Virginia Timothy F. Lowry Casmiar I. Nwaigwe Heather Karen Smith Medical College of Wisconsin Dartmouth Medical School University of Auckland Maureen Jane MacDonald* Rennolds S. Ostrom Terry Russell Smith Wilfrid Laurier University University of California-San Diego Purdue University Paul S. MacLean* Gulden Ozen Martha H. Stella East Carolina University Duke University Medical Center Dartmouth Medical School Diane Elizabeth Madras* Abhuit R. Patwardhan Javier E. Stern Creighton University University of Kentucky Wright State University Mary C. Mancini Muthu Periasamy Zhongjie Sun Louisiana State University Univ. of Cincinnati College of Med. Univ. of Florida College of Medicine Errol Basil Marliss Sandra Zofia Perkowski Masanori Sunagawa McGill University University of Pennsylvania University of the Ryukyus Flavio Martinez Katheryn Wrigley Peters Agneta Lisbeth Sunehay Univ. Autonoma De San Luis Potosi University of Pittsburgh Baylor College of Medicine V. John Massari Tony Quail Mitchell Lawrence Sutter Howard Univ. College of Medicine University of Newcastle University of California, Davis Robin Michael McAllen David T. Raphael Christopher Michael Tan* University of Melbourne UMDNJ Vanderbilt University Medical Center Anne McArdle Ramesh M. Ray Demet Tekin* University of Liverpool University of Tennessee Virginia Commonwealth University Jane McHowat Katherine Janet Rennie Teresa Thomas St. Louis University University of Texas Medical Branch University of Birmingham Andrew William McKibben Keith Neu Richmond Laurent Paul Tiret University of Missouri-Columbia University of Washington Ecole Natl Veterinaire Jheem D. Medh R. Kirk Riemer Jean-Francois Tolsa Univ. of Iowa College of Medicine Univ. of California-San Francisco University Hospital CHUV

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 187 Membership

Nopamart Trakranrungsie John Anthony Ward Qing Yuan Khon Kaen University Brooke Army Medical Center University of Tennessee Zoltan Istvan Ungvari George C. Wellman Lianqin Zhang New York Medical College University of Vermont Hershey Medical Center Madhu Varma Helge Wiig Xinbo Zhang Univ. Hospital-SUNY Health Sci. Ctr. University of Bergen William Beaumont Hospital Anthony J.M. Verberne Tami H. Wolden-Hanson Xiao-Ping Zhang University of Melbourne VA Puget Sound Health Care System New York Medical College Isabella Villa Zhongxin Wu Zaixiang Zhang Scientific Institute H. San Raffaele West Virginia University Brigham & Women’s Hospital Patrick J. Walsh Shen Xiao Yuehan Zhou University of Miami Johns Hopkins University Hospital Yale University Guo-Li Wang Shi-Fang Yan Coert Jozef Zuurbier Univ. of Texas Med. School, Houston Columbia University University of Amsterdam Shinong Wang Hsiaofung Steve Yang UCLA Harbor Medical Center University of Missouri

New Affiliate Applicants Carlos Roberto Avancini Caramori Herbert W. House Shigehiko Nagoya Brazil Elon College, NC Pleasanton, CA

New Student Members

Kathryn Ault-Ziel Kristin Marie Cazin Kevin Raymond Grzybek University of S. Alabama Bloomsburg University Canisius College Christian Lee Ball Sara A. Chelland Sarah-Jane Guild Ohio University Bloomsburg University University of Auckland, New Zealand Hector Manuel Baraja Lai Yee Cheuk Todd Alan Hagobian Centro Univ. de Investigat., Mexico The Chinese University of Hong Kong San Francisco State University David John Lee Barr Brian C. Clark Catherine Hambly University of Waterloo, Canada Syracuse University Aberdeen University, United Kingdom Robyn Rebecca Bates Stephen M. Cornish Chad Randall Hancock University of Pittsburgh University of Saskatchewan University of Missouri-Columbia Katharina Maria Bauer Jodi Lynn Dietz Janice Lynn Hoeltke East Stroudsburg University Eastern Illinois University Canisius College Brian Thomas Bennett Valerie Eaton Monica Jeanne Hubal University of Connecticut Canisius College University of Massachusetts Douglas N. Biggs Farhan Fadoo Stuart Donald Inglis Bau State University University of California-Davis University of Western Ontairo, Canada Jonathon Black Sheila Christine Fairweather Kelly Lynn Janis University of Guelph, Canada Glasgow University, Scotland Canisius College Keith M. Borowski Peter C. Fanti Andrea Marie Jones Illinois State University Canisius College California State Universityj-Fullerton Jeffrey Francis Breit Jennifer Jo Ferris Dorian Jones University of South Alabama Baker University University of Missouri-Columbia Gregory Allen Brown Marcus J. Freeman Min Hwa Kim Iowa State University University of Guelph, Canada Ajon University, Korea Natasha Consuela Browner Dan Scott Grega Miyoung A. Kim University of Alabama at Birmingham Kent State University California State University-Fullerton

188 The Physiologist Membership

Robert Lee Kipp Weidong Pei Amy Stoddart University of Louisville University of Toronto, Canada East Stroudsburg University Michael C. Kumin Melissa Lynn Petrucci Scott James Strath Canisius College Eastern Illinois University University of Tennessee Brian David LaBudde Tasha Luann Phillips Kent Araon Strohecker Georgia State University Colorado State University Bloomsburg University Roberto Landwehr Christine S. Pierce Ann Margaret Swartz University of New Mexico Eastern Illinois University University of Tennessee Beth Marie Larson Matthew A. Pikosky Dwight Joseph The Illinois State University University of Connecticut Syracuse University Clarence M. Lee Mario Vila Pitaluga Filho John P. Thyfanh Louisiana State University Inst. de Pesquisa Da Capacit., Brazil University of Kansas Bridget Louise Leonard David Michael Pober Claudio Roberto Tonon University of Auckland, New Zealand University of Massachusetts-Amherst UNESP, Brazil Ali Lotfizadeh Kristin Elizabeth Poppenberg Alexandre Guedes Torres California State University-Fullerton Canisius College Univ. Fed. Do Rio De Janeiro, Brazil L. N. Mantrawadi Tatiana El-Bacha Porto Aubrey David Uretsky California Sate University-Fullerton Univ. Federal Do Rio De Janeiro University of Alberta, Canada Cassie Lee Mathers Sirwan Prapong Stacey D. Varner East Stroudsburg University Iowa State University Eastern Illinois University Sean C. McCoy Michele Rahija Christine Cynthia Walton Frostburg State University Illinois State University York University Brian K. McFarlin Amy E. Rauworth Greig Watson Purdue University University of Illinois at Chicago Ithaca College Thomas Lewis Miller Kristy Farrah Reed Zachary James Weston Temple University School of Medicine East Stroudsburg University University of Waterloo, Canada Tanya April Miszko Johan Roeykens Malcolm Todd Whitehead University of Georgia Brussels Free University, Belgium University of Southern Mississippi Brett Michael Mitchell Gustavo Puggina Rogatto Maurice Antonio Williams Medical College of Georgia Sao Paulo State University Univ. of North TX Health Sci. Center Trudy Latrice Moore Joseph Rothenberg David L. Williamson Howard University Georgia State University Ball State University Josue Morisson Moraes Gregory Ray Schrader Rebecca A. Wolter Federal University of Rio De Janeiro Temple University Eastern Illinois University Michael R. Nazareth Herbert G. Simoes William Chenwei Wu Canisius College Fed. University at Sao Carlos, Brazil University of Southern California Talal S. Nofal Deborah M. Sloboda Geoff Todd Young Georgia Sate University University of Toronto, Canada Illinois State University Clay E. Pandorf Erin Elizabeth Smith Robert E. Young Boston University Eastern Illinois University University California–Berkeley Seung Hee Park Benjamin John Snyder Michalakis Zambieinis Yeungnam University Ohio University Indiana University

Deceased Members Louis V. Avioli Reinhard Haessler Kamal M. Mohazzab-H St. Louis, MO Portland, OR Valhalla, NY Jean Botts Jimmie L. Hicks Jan Nyboer San Francisco, CA Pomona, CA Grosse Point, MI Alastair H. Burns Don Lehmkuhl John H. Walsh New Orleans, LA Santa Rosa Beach, FL Los Angeles, CA Carl V. Gisolfi Constance R. Martin Iowa City, IA New York, NY

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 189 Experimental Biology 2001

Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4 Orlando, FL Physiology InFocus: Neurotransmitters in Cardiovascular Regulation Organizer: Gerald F. DiBona

Neurotransmitters in Cardiovascular Regulation: Neurotransmitters in Cardiovascular Regulation: Angiotensin Nitric Oxide Roger Dampney David Bredt Neurotransmitters in Cardiovascular Regulation: Glutamate Neurotransmitters in Cardiovascular Regulation: GABA Frank Gordon Alan Sved

Section Distinguished Lectureships

Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship Horace W. Davenport Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Cardiovascular Section of the APS Gastrointestinal Section Lecturer: William M. Chilian, Medical College of Wisconsin Lecturer: Geoff Burnstock, University College London, UK Title: Adaptations of the Coronary Circulation to Title: Purinergic Signaling in the Gut Ischemia—From Chaos to Collaterals Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Hugh Davson Distinguished Lectureship Neural Control & Autonomic Regulation Section of the APS Cell & Molecular Physiology Section Lecturer: William C. de Groat, University of Pittsburgh Lecturer: Carolyn Slayman, Yale Medical School Title: Plasticity in Sacral Autonomic Reflex Pathways Title: Structure, Function, and Biogenesis of a Model During Postnatal Development and After Neural Injury Cation Pump Carl W. Gottschalk Distinguished Lectureship Joseph Erlanger Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Renal Section of the APS Central Nervous System Section Lecturer: James Schafer, Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham Lecturer: Gerald Fischbach, NINDS, NIH Title: Abnormal Regulation of ENaC in the Collecting Title: Plasticity at Peripheral and Central Synapses Duct-Syndromes of Salt Wasting and Retention

August Krogh Distinguished Lectureship Julius H. Comroe Jr. Distinguished Lectureship of the APS Comparative Physiology Section of the APS Respiration Section Lecturer: Peter Hochachka, University of British Columbia Lecturer: John E. Remmers, University of Calgary Title: Conservation and Adaptation in Evolution of Title: Breathing and Sleeping: A Physiological Human Hypoxia Response Physiology Conundrum for Humans

Solomon A. Berson Distinguished Lectureship Claude Bernard Distinguished Lectureship of the APS of the APS Endocrinology & Metabolism Section Teaching of Physiology Section Lecturer: Frank Talamantes, University of CA, Santa Cruz Lecturer: TBD Title: TBD Title: TBD

Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lectureship Ernest H. Starling Distinguished Lectureship of the APS of the Environmental & Exercise Physiology Section Water & Electrolyte Homeostasis Section Lecturer: George A. Brooks, University of CA, Berkeley Lecturer: Richard Roman, Medical College of Wisconsin Title: The Lactate Shuttle: New Interpretation of Old Ideas Title: P450 Eicosanoids in the Control of Renal Function, Vascular Tone and Arterial Pressure

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 191 Experimental Biology 2001

Societal Lectures The Walter B. Cannon Memorial Award Lecture Henry Pickering Bowditch Award Lecture Regulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Molecular Peter M.T. Deen, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Mechanisms, Physiological Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities Walter C. Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics Robert J. Lefkowitz, Duke University Medical Center TBD Section-Sponsored Symposia

The Role of the Amygdala in the Physiology of Emotion Functional Genomics: Activity-Sensitive Gene Regulation in Ralph Adolphs and William Talman Skeletal Muscle Programing of the Fetus in Utero: Impact on Physiology David Hood in Adulthood Structure and Gating of Epithelial Ion Proteins Eugene D. Albrecht Thomas Kleyman Tight Junction: Convergence of Molecular and Physiologic Genetic Modification of Calcium Handling Proteins in Insights Heart Disease: Insights, Roadblocks and Potential James M. Anderson Therapies Neurohumoral Control of the Normal and Diseased Heart Joseph M. Metzger Jeffrey Ardell Effect of Changes in Blood Pressure on Renal Transporters Myosin Isoforms and Smooth Muscle Function: New Alicia McDonough Technology, New Questions How Does the Brain Understand Muscle Mechanics? Frank Brosovich and Richard J. Paul T. Richard Nichols and James C. Houk Matching Technology to Education: How to Choose the Mitochondria and Energy Metabolism in Heart Failure, Right Technology to Meet Your Educational Needs Hypertrophy, and Remodeling Corey Cleland Michael Portman Vasopressin: Integrative and Cellular Mechanisms of Intermittent Hypoxia: Cell to System Release and Actions Nanduri R. Prabhakar and Eugene Fletcher J. Thomas Cunningham and Celia D. Sladek Joint APS/AAA Symposium: Is Asthma the Inflammatory Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Bowel Disease of the Gut? Victor Dzau and Kathleen H. Berecek Helen Raybould Endothelial Cellular Response to Altered Shear Stress The Role of Cell Membrane in Regulating Excitability and Aron B. Fisher and Paul Schumacker Contractility During Exercise and Fatigue Respiratory Physiology of the Pharyngeal Airway: Jean-Marc Renaud and Thomas Nosek Modulation by Skeletal Muscle Activities, Central Nervous Renal and Comparative Physiology of Urea Transporters System State and Disease Jeff M. Sands and Mark A. Knepper Ralph F. Fregosi and Samuel T. Kuna Model Organisms: Functional Genomics of Membrane Combined Impact of Temperature and Exercise Stress on the Transport Physiological Response to Toxic Agents Kevin Strange Christopher J. Gordon and J.J. Steinberg The Effects of the Cold War on Russian and East-Block Potassium Channels That Regulate Vascular Tone: Physiologists Which are the Important Players? Charles M. Tipton and G. Edgar Folk, Jr. David Gutterman and Arthur Humeer Protein-Protein Interactions in Signal Transduction Lung Surfactant and Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species: Edward J. Weinman and Shirish Shenolikar Antimicrobial Activity and Host/Pathogen Interactions Life, Sex and Death: The Physiological Basis of Life-History Within the Lung Traits and Trade-Offs Judy Hickman-Davis Tony D. Williams and Barry Sinervo Adaptive Regulation of Epithelial Solute Transporters Metabolic Complications in HIV/AIDS Barry H. Hirst and Ronaldo P. Ferraris Kevin Yarasheski

192 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2001

Section-Sponsored Featured Topics Poster Discussion: Muscle Fatigue Role of the Endothelium in GI Inflammation William T. Ameredes Peter R. Kvietys, J. Steven Alexander Plasticity and Repair of the Phrenic Motor System The Emerging Neurobiology of Obesity: Following Cervical Spinal Injury: Current Concepts Autonomic and Cardiovascular Implications Donald C. Bolser and Gordon S. Mitchell Allyn Mark Calcium Sensing Receptors Mechanisms and Modifications of Alveolar Epithelial Fluid Gerda E. Breitwieser Transport in the Mammalian Lung Cerebral Cortical Influences on Autonomic Regulation Michael M. Matthay David Cechetto Comparative Aspects of Circadian Organization in Cellular Mechanisms of Regulated Secretion in the GI tract Vertebrates Catherine S. Chew and John G. Forte Michael Menaker and Carla Green Robert M. Berne Award Featured Topic The Evolution and Modification of the Hypercapnic William Chilian Ventilatory Response Understanding the Role of the Angiotensin System Through William K. Milsom and Steve F. Perry the Actions of Angiotensin (1-7) Heat Shock Protein: Environmental and Exercise Stress Carlos M. Ferrario and K. Bridget Brosnihan Pope Moseley Role of the Endothelial Factor in Hypertension Electroneutral Ion Transport in the Central Nervous System Gregory Fink and David Pollock John Payne Featured Presenter: David Mattson Neural and Endocrine Regulation of Blood Volume Physiology of Urea Transporters and Arterial Pressure Robert Gunn and Jeff Sands Pontus Persson and Heimo Ehmke Cell Signaling in Airway Smooth Muscle Invited Presenter: Hartmut Kircheim Susan Gunst and Keith Jones Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension EDHF: Chemical Nature Sites of Action Jane Reckelhoff and Magdalena Alonsa-Galicia David Harder Invited Presenter: Christopher Wilcox Cellular Response to Mechanical Stress Nitric Oxide: Skeletal Muscle Function and Blood Flow Rolf Hubmayr and Jeffrey Fredberg Michael Reid and Michael Delp Regulation of Vascular Tone by Oxygen: - Molecular Mechanisms of HCO3 Transport Many Mechanisms—Few Answers Michael Romero and Paul Quinton William F. Jackson Ion Channel Remodeling in Cardiovascular Disease: What is the Role of Mast Cells in Cardiovascular Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications Joseph S. Janicki and Gregory L. Brower Nancy Rusch and Craig H. Gelband Wiggers Award: Novel Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Cell Stress and Protein Kinases: Integrated Signaling in vivo Control by Nitric Oxide Kenneth B. Storey Gabor Kaley Mechanisms of Muscle Injury in Sepsis Autonomic and Cardiovascular Regulation: Focus on Nociceptin and Opioid Peptides Gerald Supinski Daniel R. Kapusta Spinal Cord Injury: Degeneration, Plasticity, Repair Developmental Regulation of Oxygen Sensing and Therapy P. Kumar and John Caroll Lynne Weaver Renal Section Young Investigator Award Featured Topic: Ionic Transport in Gametes and Reproductive Epithelia Hypertonicity Stress: New Sites of Recognition Patrick Y.D. Wong and Sylvie Breton H. Moo Kwon Somatic Sensation During Movement and Its Role in Autonomic Control Bill Yates Cross-Societal/Sectional Symposia The Early Impact of Diabetic Hyperglycemia on Renal and Membrane Fusion Cardiovascular Function Dennis Brown Michael W. Brands and Pamela K. Carmines Vagal Mechanisms of Visceral Sensation: Emerging Concepts Interplay Between Nitric Oxide and Hemoglobin: Current Concepts Clark M. Blatteis and Helen E. Raybould Rakesh P. Patel and Matthew B. Grisham

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 193 Experimental Biology 2001

Guest Society Symposia American Federation For Medical Research Association of Latin American Physiological (AFMR) Societies (ALACF) The Role of Mediators of Innate Immunity in the Nutritional Neuroscience Inflammation Associated with Trauma Lucimey Lima Perez and Leon Cintra Anne Nicholson-Weller Calcium Regulation for Muscle Contraction Lipid Mediators of Angiogenesis Carlo Caputo Denis English Type 1 Diabetes - Etiology, Prevention and Cure Biomedical Engineering Society Richard W. Furlanetto DNA Microarray in Bioengineering and Physiology Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in the GI Tract Shu Chien Kim E. Barrett and Richard H. Moseley Bioinformatics in Biology and Engineering Shankar Subramaniam and James Bassingthwaighte Sociedad Española Ciencias Fisiològicas Mechanical Modulation of Gene Expression in the (SECF) Musculoskeletal System: From Nucleus to Organism Engineering Islet Cells for Cell Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus Clinton Rubin Bernat Soria and Christopher B. Newgard Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Associative Learning Microcirculatory Society (MCS) José M. Delgado García and Bernard G. Schruers Microcirculatory Society E.M. Landis Award Lecture Microcirculatory Society President’s Symposium: Signaling Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Synthase Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Genetics of Body Chair: Walter N. Durán Weight/Adiposity Regulation MCS Young Investigator Award Peter Havel and Barbara Horwitz Chair: Samina Kanwar MCS Poster Sessions

Tutorials/Workshops Tissue engineering: Opportunities and Challenges Teaching of Physiology Section Robert M. Nerem Perspective on Problem Based Learning: Thorns and Roses Experimental Gene Delivery and Therapy: A Tutorial Patangi K. Rangachari and Aviad Haramati Craig H. Gelband and Curt D. Sigmund Integrative Approaches for the Study of Physiological Physiology for Life Science Students and Function in Genetically Altered Mice John N. Lorenz and David L. Mattson Teachers Workshop

Education Committee Women in Physiology Committee Workshop Refresher Course in Endocrinology: Endocrinology in How to Write, Review, and Publish Manuscripts in APS Modern Medical Curricula and ASPET Journals Rick Vari and Andy Lechner Kim Barrett Refresher Course in Endocrinology: Endocrine Case Studies Rick Vari and Andy Lechner Special Symposia Funded by US Army Genomics and Molecular Basis of Exercise and Molecular Response to Hypoxia Environmental Physiology Larry Sonna Organized by: Darrell Neufer, Michael Sawka and Molecular Control of Thermogenesis Larry Sonna P. Darrell Neufer Molecular Basis of Human Performance Claude Bouchard

194 The Physiologist Introducing

Introducing Thomas E. Lohmeier Effective April 2000, Thomas E. failure, despite low arterial pressure. Lohmeier succeeded Ronald H. These experiments have led him to his Freeman as the Chair of the Water and current studies, which incorporate novel Electrolyte Homeostasis Section of the approaches to determine whether car- APS. Lohmeier has served as the repre- diopulmonary reflexes and arterial sentative for the Water and Electrolyte baroreflexes have the capability to Homeostasis Section on both the chronically influence sodium excretion Program Advisory Committee and the and arterial pressure via long-term Committee on Committees. He has also changes in renal sympathetic nerve served on the Program Committee of activity. the APS. Since 1996, Lohmeier has As Chair of the Water and Electrolyte been an Associate Editor of the Homeostasis Section Section, Lohmeier American Journal of Physiology: is grateful for the privilege and chal- Regulatory, Integrative and Compara- lenge of representing the interests of the tive Physiology. Along with his APS Section and encouraging the active par- activities, Lohmeier is also Vice ticipation of the membership in APS Chairman of the Publications activities. As the APS has given the sec- Committee of the Council for High Thomas E. Lohmeier tions the opportunity to develop their Blood Pressure Research of the own programs at the Experimental American Heart Association. University of Missouri, Lohmeier began Biology (EB) meeting, a high priority Lohmeier has been a Professor of one year of postdoctoral studies in the will be given to establish a scientific Physiology in the Department of Department of Physiology and program that broadly reflects the inter- Physiology and Biophysics at the Biophysics at the University of ests of the Section and highlights the University of Mississippi since 1982. Mississippi under the mentorship of most outstanding science. To achieve He did both his undergraduate and grad- Arthur C. Guyton. During this time, his this goal, the Steering Committee will uate training at the University of research emphasized the integration of be more active in soliciting input from California at Davis, and in 1975 he physiological mechanisms that con- Section members. To ensure that “new received his doctoral degree in tribute to the regulation of cardiovascu- blood” is included in programming, a Physiology. The major aim of his doc- lar and renal function. Subsequently, he greater attempt will be made to solicit toral research was to elucidate the role was promoted to Assistant Professor input from younger members and inter- of the renin-angiotensin system in the and has remained in the department national scientists. Younger members control of salt and water balance, and since. and international scientists will also be arterial pressure in two-kidney While at the University of called upon to chair sessions and lead Goldblatt hypertension. After his grad- Mississippi, Lohmeier’s research has poster discussion groups. Since the sec- uate studies, Lohmeier began two years focused on neurohormonal mechanisms tion has always emphasized the regula- of postdoctoral training in the that are quantitatively important in the tion and integration of physiological Department of Physiology at the control of sodium excretion and arterial mechanisms that impact water and elec- University of Missouri School of pressure, particularly under long-term trolyte homeostasis, it will continue to Medicine under the guidance of James conditions, such as in hypertension and develop collaborative programs with O. Davis. During this time, angiotensin heart failure. Approximately 10 years other sections. At EB 2001, the Water II antagonists became available for ago, he became particularly intrigued and Electrolyte Homeostasis Section experimental studies. As a result, he with observations from his laboratory will offer Featured Topics, symposia, a was able to incorporate these com- that salt and water balance could be Distinguished Lectureship, a cross-sec- pounds into his research to directly achieved in compensated heart failure at tional symposium, and a workshop that assess the effects of angiotensin II on substantially reduced cardiac output will include the Cardiovascular, Renal, renal function, sodium balance, aldos- and arterial pressure. Therefore, he con- Endocrine, Neural Control, and terone secretion, and arterial pressure in ducted a number of studies to elucidate Gastrointestinal Sections of APS. pathophysiological states such as the neurohormonal mechanisms that To promote the interests of our sec- hypertension and congestive heart fail- alter renal function and permit salt and tion and to further the participation of ure. After completing his training at the water balance in compensated heart section members in APS activities, we

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 195 Introducing will continue to encourage our member- Featured Topic presented in honor of the Program Committee) has developed ship to serve on APS committees. In Hartmut Kirchheim, who has recently innovative programs that reflect the recent years, our membership has been retired from his position as Professor of interests of our section, the highest quite successful in getting elected to Physiology and Head of the Biophysik quality research, and exciting new areas APS committees. At present, we have des Kreislauf at the Physiologisches of investigation. Through timely more than 20 section members serving Institut in Heidelberg. Kirchheim is updates of our web site and publication on APS committees. Many are serving widely known for his contributions to of our newsletter, John Dietz for the first time. integrative physiology, particularly in (Secretary/Treasurer) has done an Another important goal will be to the area of neurohormonal control of extraordinary job communicating sec- increase our membership, particularly renin secretion and arterial pressure. tion activities to our membership. by attracting promising young investi- The Young Investigator Award in Finally, our newly elected representa- gators and international scientists. This Regulatory and Integrative Physiology, tive on the Committee on Committees, effort will be greatly dependent upon and the Ernest H. Starling J.R. Haywood, has extensive experi- our current members personally con- Distinguished Lectureship Award are ence serving the APS and will continue tacting and recruiting new membership. given each year to recognize a young our successful tradition of promoting Additionally, APS has provided a num- and established investigator, respective- our membership for service on APS ber of Awards/Travel Grants for predoc- ly, who has made important contribu- committees. We will also expand the toral and postdoctoral fellows for par- tions to the understanding of the inte- Steering Committee to achieve a more ticipation at EB meetings, and these grative aspects of water and electrolyte balanced representation of our member- will be used to support and recruit homeostasis. At the EB meeting, the ship that more broadly reflects overall young investigators. With the elimina- recipients of these awards will present a interests, with particular emphasis on tion of corresponding member status lecture on their research and participate including young investigators. Finally, and the opening of regular membership in various functions of the section. the overall success of our section will to all physiologists without geographic Additionally, their work will be high- be greatly dependent upon the feedback restriction, we will strive to increase our lighted by inviting the awardees to sub- and participation of our entire member- international membership and to pro- mit a paper on their lecture for publica- ship. The Steering Committee will pro- mote their participation in APS activi- tion in the American Journal of vide every opportunity for the member- ties. In this regard, Pontus Persson from Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and ship to contribute to the multiple activi- Berlin, Germany, has just been elected Comparative Physiology. ties of our section. I challenge the mem- as our section representative to the Our section is fortunate to have out- bership to seize the opportunity. ❖ International Physiology Committee. standing individuals on the Steering Also, at EB 2001, we will have a Committee. Joey Granger (Chair of

IUPS 2001 Christchurch, New Zealand The 34th World Congress of the International needs an integrated approach to medical research. Union of Physiological Sciences will be held in To this end, clinicians and basic scientists must Christchurch, New Zealand, from August 26-31, continue to share their skills, ideas and visions. 2001. Advances in the medical sciences are Our congress, with the theme “From Molecule to impacting hugely on our understanding of human Malady,” and a multidisciplinary audience will function and disease. Nowhere is this greater than provide a forum to encourage exciting new strate- in molecular biology and genetics. But capturing gies for research of clinical relevance. this information and using it to treat illness is the For more information, see http://www.iups2001. new challenge for researchers and clinicians. This org.nz.

196 The Physiologist Education

The Harvey Project

The Harvey Project (http://harveypro- 1) Worldwide collaboration of faculty standards and software tools that may ject.org) is a worldwide collaboration of within a discipline; be reused by other disciplines. physiologists, educators, artists and 2) Adherence to open standards wherev- The Project receives support from a technologists using the Internet to er possible; number of sources including industry, advance the teaching of physiology. 3) Peer review of developed materials members’ host institutions and the US The Project is dedicated to building and for scholarly accuracy, technical sound- National Science Foundation, but distributing free, Web-based materials ness and pedagogical effectiveness; depends primarily upon volunteers. for teaching physiology. 4) Free distribution of the products to The Harvey Project is named after the Interactive course materials, when schools and universities. father of modern physiology, Sir properly designed and used, can greatly This open course model brings to William Harvey (1578-1657). It is a improve student learning in both lecture teaching the spirit of collaboration and virtual community based around a and online courses. The digital medi- sharing that has propelled both scientif- Website at http://harveyproject.org and um is particularly effective at explain- ic research and the open source/free listserver at [email protected]. ing complex dynamic processes to stu- software movement. edu. New members can register online, dents. For instance, students learn how The Harvey Project model not only and the Website includes a searchable excitation spreads in the heart faster and lowers the cost of creating high-quality database of hundreds of sites around better when they are shown an anima- interactive teaching materials, but also the Web that are useful for teaching tion. With an interactive simulation, stu- makes it easier to participate in their physiology as well as, of course, mate- dents can grasp the relation between creation. It has, therefore, the potential rials the Project is itself developing. blood volume, heart rate and blood to bridge the gap between those who do pressure more effectively when able to research and those who write textbooks. * * * * * * manipulate these variables. The Harvey Project invites those When based on the Internet, such involved in the fields of physiology and If you are a skilled teacher, scholar or learning objects, or “rich content,” may medicine to serve as its stakeholders technologist, and especially if you com- be distributed and updated with ease and contributors. The involvement of bine more than one of these roles, the and made accessible to learners and researchers in the Project will help Harvey Project needs your help. The educators all over the world. Since rich make the material more accurate, and skills we need are, first, a sense of what content leads to more effective teach- keep it updated in light of current students can understand easily and what ing, it will soon become a staple in most research. is intrinsically hard for them to grasp, courses. But while it has great potential The goal of the Harvey Project is to educational design talent, a sense of to improve learning, rich content is dif- help faculty create their own, world- visual style, a deep understanding of ficult and expensive to build. This type class courses. The Project does not seek current research, a knack for explaining of material requires many technical and to create a complete online course, nor how things work, and medical illustra- creative skills, and demands hundreds to compete with existing course offer- tion skills. On the technical side, we or even thousands of hours per hour of ings. To build their courses, faculty will need programming ability in Java, instruction. As a result, building rich be able to choose among a wide variety Flash, HTML and Javascript, design content is beyond the abilities of most of learning objects. Because of this talent, database and system administra- faculty and many institutions. flexibility, the target audience for the tion skills, and even legal skills to draft If faculty are to participate in con- Project can range from secondary stu- a license agreement. The beauty of col- structing rich content, consistent with dents to professional students. The laborating is that no one has or needs to their traditional role in determining Project is creating software tools, such have all the necessary skills. course content, they must collaborate as Beads&String, to facilitate building Please visit the Project’s Website at and share their efforts. The Web makes lectures, modules, courses and quizzes. http://harveyproject.org and participate it easy for physically distant collabora- It is also creating standards and guide- if you are interested. If you are not a tors to work together. lines to direct the creation of effective physiologist, consider organizing an The Harvey Project was created to rich content. open course project in your own disci- bring this about. As the first embodiment of the open pline. The future of education is too The Harvey Project’s “open course” course model, the Harvey Project is a important to be left only in the hands of model is based on the following princi- testing ground to develop procedures, administrators and commercial devel- ples: opers. ❖

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 197 Education

Local Science Teachers and Students Participate in Physiology Workshop at Experimental Biology

San Diego area teachers and stu- research. Frontiers in Physiology is dents participated in the a program of the APS, and is spon- Physiology for Life Sciences sored by APS, the National Teachers and Students Workshop Institute of General Medical on Monday, April 17, at the San Sciences (NIGMS) and the Diego Convention Center. The work- After lunch, teachers participated in a National Institute of Diabetes and shop was designed to present partici- Teacher In-service Workshop, where Digestive and Kidney Diseases pants an opportunity to learn about cur- APS 1999 Frontiers in Physiology fel- (NIDDK). Previous support has been rent research findings, explore hands- low Cathy Box, Tahoka High School, provided by the National Science on, inquiry based lab activities, learn Tahoka, TX, presented “It Takes a Lot Foundation. about education and careers in biomed- of Nerve!” a classroom activity on neu- The Explorations in Biomedicine icine, meet with APS researchers, and ron structure and function; and 1999 project works intensively with the sci- tour the posters and exhibits. Explorations in Biomedicine fellow, ence faculty at Montana schools and Jeffrey B. Graham, University of Bob Madsen, Dull Knife Memorial tribal colleges that serve Native California-San Diego Scripps Institute College, Lame Deer, MT presented American students to create an atmos- of Oceanography, presented “Bee Cool!” a lab activity on honeybee phere that encourages science studies, “Understanding How Charlie Does it: thermoregulation. the exploration and pursuit of biomed- Hot Tuna and Cool Physiology!” where APS Physiologists Barbara E. ical research careers, and opportunities participants learned about the physiolo- Goodman, University of South Dakota for students to interact with biomedical gy and evolution of large saltwater fish. School of Medicine, and Cheryl M. researchers in their geographic area and George T. Blevins and Stephania T. Heesch, University of Missouri, led stu- across the nation. The overall goal of Miller, University of Arkansas for dents in selected activities of this project is to increase interest and Medical Sciences, and Alice R. Physiology of Fitness, a hands-on, participation in biomedical research Villalobos, University of Connecticut inquiry-based exploration of factors careers among Native American stu- presented a Careers in Physiology Panel which affect blood flow and pressure. dents. Explorations in Biomedicine is a Discussion where students learned The Frontiers in Physiology program collaborative program of APS and the about education and career paths avail- is designed to create ongoing working American Indian Research able in biomedicine. relationships between research scien- Opportunities Consortium and is sup- Participants then joined APS mem- tists and middle/high school teachers ported by a grant from the bers for a box lunch and a tour of the via research and inservice experiences NIH/National Institute of General posters and exhibits, where they were and electronic communications; and Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Minority introduced to the latest research find- promotes the adoption of National stan- Access to Research Careers (MARC) ings and scientific equipment. For many dards for K-12 content and pedagogical Program. students, this was the first time they met techniques among middle and high For more information about these with a “real scientist;” students often school science teachers through ongo- APS programs, please visit the APS comment that this is their favorite part ing inservice activities developed col- website at: http://www.faseb.org/aps/ of the day. laboratively by teachers and physiology educatn/k-12.html. ❖

Science’s Next Wave ScienceNOW Participate in online forums, get information on building a Get your breaking science news and updates on the world of science-based career, and read reports from a science from Science’s global news team. network of correspondents— New items are posted each working day. all aimed at the next generation of scientists.

FREE access to APS members! http://www.faseb.org/aps/Membership.html

198 The Physiologist Education

APS Hosts Physiology Insights Undergraduate Life Science Faculty Workshops

The APS ries, panel discussions on careers in attended selected symposia and work- Physiology physiology; and a presentation on fund- shops targeted for undergraduate life Insights pro- ing programs through the National science faculty that are designed to pro- gram will pres- Science Foundation (NSF) Division of mote improved pedagogy and provide ent five multi- Undergraduate Education. APS mem- content updates. These sessions and day Local Outreach Team (LOT) work- bers Rob Carroll, East Carolina workshops are the first of a series of shops for two- and four-year college life University, Roy D. Russ, Mercer double-session thematic updates jointly science faculty at various locations University School of Medicine, and sponsored by HAPS’s Core Curriculum throughout the United States. Mary Ann Rokitka, SUNY, Buffalo, and Assessment Committee and the Workshops include sessions on content, led participants in inquiry-based labora- APS Teaching Section and Education including updates on recent research tories in cardiovascular physiology, and Committees to be held at this and the findings; pedagogy, including explo- Dee Silverthorn, University of Texas, next three HAPS annual meetings. rations of effective methods; and cur- Austin presented “Creating the APS members Robert Carroll, East riculum knowledge, including reform Interactive Lecture.” Carolina University presented efforts and online and organizational “Cardiovascular Pressure/Flow Ft. Wayne, IN resources. Relationships: What Should Be Taught” “Inquiry Methods in Computer- Physiology Insights is designed to and “Assessment Materials that Test for Based Physiology Laboratories” was provide faculty at two- and four-year Conceptual Understanding Rather than the theme of the Physiology Insights colleges (especially community col- Memorization.” Barbara E. Goodman, workshop held at Indiana University- leges) with opportunities to learn about University of South Dakota School of Purdue University, in Ft. Wayne, June science “in action,” that is, how the Medicine presented a content update: 5-7, 2000. Workshop instructors, research process works, what research “Pulmonary and Renal Pressure/Flow Richard S. Manalis, Indiana scientists do, and the intrinsic satisfac- Relationships: What Should be Taught.” University-Purdue University, and past tion and sense of excitement that comes Mary Anne Rokitka, SUNY at Physiology Insights fellow, James S. from conducting scientific research. Buffalo, presented “The Elvis Miller, of Goshen College presented an The program facilitates faculty mem- Experiment: A Discovery Lab introduction to data acquisition; how bers’ transfer of knowledge acquired Illustrating Poisueille’s Law.” Steven data is acquired and analyzed digitally through the laboratory experience to N. Trautwein, Southeast Missouri State through the use of Chart, Excel and their classrooms via development of University presented “Using Concept PowerLab; techniques for integrating new inquiry-based classroom activities; Maps as Co-operative Learning inquiry methods into computer based and provides support networks for fac- Activities to Explore Physiological physiology laboratories, and an intro- ulty by developing productive working Relationships,” while Patricia S. duction of topics suitable for computer- relationships between teaching faculty Bowne, Alverno College, discussed based data acquisition laboratories via a and members of the research communi- “Designing a Physiology Course range of hands-on laboratories in the ty. APS and the National Science Around Problem Solving.” Joel A. areas of anatomy and physiology, biolo- Foundation (NSF) fund Physiology Michael, Rush Medical College pre- gy, animal physiology, and upper level Insights. sented “Misconceptions About Pressure physiology. Participants planned and and Flow Relationships: Uncovering San Diego, CA implemented a laboratory activity, ana- and Remedying Them.” Joseph G. Undergraduate life science faculty lyzed data, and prepared a project Griswold, City College of New York, from two- and four-year colleges in report/presentation. presented “Computer-Based Methods Southern California participated in a Charlotte, NC for Learning the Basics of Membrane Physiology Insights workshop designed “Gradients and Conductances: What Potentials.” Dee Silverthorn, as a meeting-within-a-meeting at Flows Where and Why? - Key Concepts University of Texas, Austin, presented Experimental Biology 2000. Sessions for Teaching Anatomy and Physiology” “Active Learning in Lectures,” and included research updates on cardiovas- was the theme of a three-day workshop Daniel E. Lemons, City College of cular physiology; obesity, physiological presented jointly by APS and Human New York presented “Beyond Virtual genomics, the physiology and evolution Anatomy and Physiology Society Reality: Physical Models for Teaching of large saltwater fish; pedagogy ses- (HAPS) at the HAPS annual meeting in Cardiovascular Physiology.” sions on teaching physiology laborato- Charlotte, June 10-15. Participants

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 199 Education

Chicago, IL naling, physiology and the human 24-25, 2000 on identifying and utilizing Three APS/HAPS members who are genome, and muscle function, as well undergraduate life science resources also founding members of the national as explorations of effective pedagogy. online. Topics will include an introduc- Physiology Education Research Participants will learn about and utilize tion to the range of resources available; Consortium (PERC) will coordinate a applying a general models approach to techniques for assessing sites in terms three-day Physiology Insights work- teaching physiology, and diagnosing of content accuracy, ease of access, long shop at Rush Medical College in and dealing with misconceptions. term availability; tools for developing Chicago, September 15–17, 2000. Workshop and registration informa- online materials and lessons for student Coordinators include Joel Michael, tion is available at http://www.faseb. use; tools for promoting student devel- Rush Medical College, Mary Pat org/aps/educatn/undergrad/PhysInsts/ru opment of online resources use of Wenderoth, University of Washington, sh.html. online resources in inquiry-based teach- Seattle, and Harold Modell, National ing; availability of scientific databases; Resource for Computers in Life Science Washington DC and assessing impact of online activities Education (NRCLSE), Seattle. This In cooperation with the American on student learning. three-day hands-on workshop will Association for the Advancement of Workshop and registration informa- focus on content updates from recent Science’s (AAAS) Directorate for tion will be available in mid-August at: physiological research, including a dis- Education and Human Resources http://www.faseb.org/aps/educatn/under cussion of “what belongs in the course.” Programs, the APS will develop and grad/PhysInsts/insiinfo.html. ❖ Planned topics include endocrine sig- host a two-day workshop September Keep up-to-date with APS Education Activities. Visit the web site often. http://www.faseb.org/aps/educatn

Summer Research Teachers and Research Hosts Honored at Luncheon

The 1999-2000 APS Frontiers in actually heard teachers talk about being The Summer Research component Physiology and Explorations in ‘reborn’ as teachers, commenting: ‘I offers teachers nationwide a full-time, Biomedicine Summer Research have taught science for 20 years, and hands-on laboratory experience for Teachers and their APS member now I understand science.’” seven to nine weeks at APS members’ Research Hosts were honored at a Frontiers in Physiology and research labs. Teachers also attend a luncheon during Experimental Biology Explorations in Biomedicine are APS one-week retreat at the Airlie Center in 2000. Teachers and their Research programs designed to create ongoing Warrenton, VA, where they explore Hosts were presented certificates of relationships between research scien- hands-on, inquiry based teaching strate- appreciation. tists and middle and high school teach- gies, consider classroom equity and Remarks APS Executive Director, ers; and, to promote the adoption of the bioethics issues, and begin to develop Martin Frank, “The Summer Research National Science Education Standards their own inquiry lab activities. In the Program began in 1990, and was for K-12 science content and pedagogi- spring following their research experi- designed to increase teachers’ under- cal techniques among middle and high ence, teachers attend Experimental standing of the process of science, and school teachers. The Explorations in Biology to learn of the latest science help them gain an appreciation of how Biomedicine project works intensively research findings, meet with physiolo- animals are humanely used in research. with the science faculty at Montana gists, and tour the posters and exhibits. Over the years that I have attended this schools and tribal colleges that serve More information about these pro- annual luncheon and listened to teach- Native American students to create an grams is available on the APS website ers comment about their experiences, I atmosphere that encourages science at http://www.faseb.org/aps/educatn/ have been struck by their enthusiasm studies, the exploration and pursuit of k-12prog.htm. ❖ and excitement for discovery. I have biomedical research careers.

200 The Physiologist Education

APS Recognizes Outstanding High School Research Efforts at the 51st Annual International Science and Engineering Fair The 51st Annual International Dunbar and his colleagues Heidi derived combination of subcuticular Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) Collins, Stephen DiCarlo, David injection of glycerol, liquid nitrogen was held in Detroit, MI, on May 7-13, Lawson, and Douglas Yingst. They immersion, and rewarming at 50°C. 2000, and brought together 1,030 of the were joined by Andrew Lechner, from The APS Second Place Award of top high school science fair projects the Department of Pharmacological and $500 went to Ahmed S. Mousa, a soph- from around the US and from 35 other Physiological Science at St. Louis omore at Avon Grove High School in countries. Students competed across 14 University School of Medicine. As a West Grove, PA. Mousa, who finished categories of scientific disciplines, member of the APS Education fourth among APS awardees at ISEF including Mathematics, Biochemistry, Committee, Lechner served as APS lead 1999, had extended his earlier work on Medicine and Health, Gerontology, and judge and awards presenter. The judg- “Discovery of Angiogenesis Inhibition Zoology. Over 1,200 students presented ing team first identified the top 60 can- by Garlic.” Ahmed’s enthusiasm for their individual or team efforts with the didates based on scientific content, research led him to develop a novel in hope of garnering national recognition before selecting nine students for inter- situ model in which endothelial cell and a portion of the more than $2.4 mil- views at their poster displays. Based on proliferation was assayed in chick lion awarded by ISEF’s chief sponsor the scientific rigor of each study and the chorioallantoic membranes, using alliin Intel, and the Fair’s 60 other affiliated students’ abilities to describe their work extracted from whole garlic cloves. societies, universities, and professional and answer questions from the team, the Third and Fourth Place APS Awards of organizations. As in past years, the APS judges awarded First Place to $500 each were earned respectively by American Physiological Society pro- Ellyn Anne Easley for “Effects of Kimberly J. Buehring, a junior at vided cash awards plus APS student Cryoprotectants on the Revivification Banquete High School in Banquete, memberships to outstanding partici- of Frozen Insects.” Easley, a senior at TX, and Jerri L. Ahrens, a senior at pants whose projects fell within the Alamogordo High School in North Toole County High School in broad domain of physiological research. Alamogordo, NM, will use her $1,000 Sunburst, MT. Buehring’s project, To date, APS is the only FASEB mem- prize to pursue a biology curriculum “Succulent Solution to a Burning ber society participating in this event. this fall at the University of New Problem,” involved her isolation over APS is joined in the Special Awards cat- Mexico in Albuquerque. APS members the past three years of an effective ultra- egory by Sigma Xi, the Endocrine were most impressed with the multifac- violet retardant from the upper cuticle Society, and all branches of the Armed torial scientific and statistical evalua- of succulents belonging to the genus Forces, among many others. tion that Ellyn had conducted during the Lithops. She used earthworms The APS judges were drawn primari- course of three years of research on this (Lumbricus terrestrii) as experimental ly from the Department of Physiology subject, which was performed almost subjects and devised a novel injury rat- at Wayne State University School of entirely in her high school and home. ing scale to determine that the Lithops Medicine. These local APS members Of note, she achieved over 92% survival extract was significantly more effective included department chair Joseph of frozen crickets using the empirically than current commercial products

Andrew Lechner presents APS awards to Ellyn Anne Easley, APS Judges: Andrew Lechner, Joseph Dunbar, Stephen Ahmed S. Mousa, Kimberly J. Buehring, and Jerri L. Ahrens. DiCarlo, Heidi Collins, Douglas Yingst, and David Lawson.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 201 Education included in popular sunscreens. Ahrens’ News in Physiological Sciences. These Cell Procoagulant Activity”); Nadia project, “Reducing Lethal Ultraviolet students included: Lindsay D. Rivera-Lebron, Colegio Marista in Radiation Damage Using Breedlove, Hathaway Brown School in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico (“Role of Nitric Antioxidants,” demonstrated the merits Shaker Heights, OH (“Hyperglycemia Oxide in the Proliferation of of isoflavones, vitamin C, and selenium Induces Oxidative Stress and Caspase Endothelial Cells”); and Kan Zhang, in protecting fruit flies when added to Activity”); Allison Gattis, Farmington Health Careers High School in San the media that were fed to the insects. High School in Farmington, NM Antonio, TX (“Estrogen Stimulates Gap Jerri hopes to major in computer sci- (“Absorbance of Aluminum in the Brain Junction-Mediated Intercellular ence when she begins classes this fall at of Gallus domesticus and Its Effects on Communication in Osteocytes”). In Montana State University in Billings. Neuron Development in the Cerebral addition to the nine students, their pri- In addition to these four finalists, the Hemispheres”); Kimberly E. Olvey, mary high school science mentors also APS also awarded each of the other five Lake Brantley High School in received APS subscriptions, CDs con- interviewed students a one-year compli- Altamonte Springs, FL (“Effect of taining K-12 lesson plans, and educa- mentary APS membership and sub- Platelet-Tumor Cell Interactions tional packets for use in their classes. scriptions to The Physiologist and to through CD40 and Its Ligand on Tumor ❖

ISEF 1999 APS Awardees to Attend Harvard and Yale When Nisha Nagarkatti accepted Another former APS awardee was email: [email protected]] in the the APS First Place Award at ISEF 1999 also in attendance this year in Detroit. APS education office. Providing recog- in Philadelphia, it was her first taste of Rishikesh Dalal, now a senior at nition awards to these deserving high national scientific recognition. Then a Shawnee Mission Northwest High school students is only one of the many junior at Blacksburg High School in School in Shawnee Mission, KS and the ways in which APS supports pre-col- Blacksburg, VA, her project, “Fas-Fas APS second-place winner in 1999, had lege science education. The APS also Ligand Interactions Play an Important embarked this year on a new project, supports K-12 science educators with Role in Successful Therapy of Cancer,” “Putative role of chemokine receptors programs designed to increase science was in its third year and appeared to be and viral protein R in Th-2 cytokine- teachers’ curriculum content and peda- well-received by all who reviewed it. So mediated pathogenesis of simian HIV.” gogical skills. Among APS programs well-received, in fact, that the next night Like Nagarkatti, Dalal also obtained for such teachers are workshops and she was awarded one of three ISEF additional recognition after last year’s materials for K-4 teachers through the Grand Prizes, including a $40,000 Intel APS honor, including an $8,000 schol- “My Health, My World” program coor- scholarship and a weeklong trip to the arship that he will begin using this fall dinated with Baylor University in Nobel Prize Ceremonies last December at Yale University. With his ready smile, Texas. Grant-funded programs, such as in Stockholm. Not one to rest on her “Rishi” told Lechner how receiving the the “Frontiers in Physiology” and laurels, Nisha was in Detroit at ISEF APS award in 1999 had reinforced his “Explorations in Biomedicine” support 2000 with Phase IV of her project and a desire to emphasize the physiology of middle school and high school teachers single-author publication in hand, cell-cell interactions in his present who work during the summer directly “Tumor-derived Fas ligand induces tox- study. “Please thank your society for with APS members in their research icity in lymphoid organs and plays an taking the time to acknowledge my laboratories. “Explorations” is specifi- important role in successful chemother- efforts and those of the other students cally designed for teachers in Montana apy” (Cancer Immunol. Immunother. here—everyone who stops to look, who teach primarily Native American 49:46-55, 2000). There, she told APS everything you say and ask us about our students. “Frontiers,” which is offered lead judge Andy Lechner, “I really, real- work, it matters a lot!” Thus, all three of to teachers nationwide, also supports ly want to thank your society for the last year’s nongraduating APS awardees local workshops on physiology topics award last year and the recognition that in Philadelphia, including Ahmed for middle and high school science has come with it. Stockholm was a Mousa, had returned to Detroit in 2000 teachers. For more information about wonderful experience, but walking for another round of outstanding high APS education programs, send your e- onstage in front of that huge crowd in school science research. mail to: [email protected] or visit Philadelphia [about 5,000] for the first The 52nd Annual ISEF is scheduled our website at http://www.faseb.org/aps/ time was the most thrilling moment for for May 6-11, 2001, in San Jose, CA. Education.html. ❖ me.” Nagarkatti will be attending Any APS members wishing to volunteer Andy Lechner Harvard University this fall to major in to serve as local judges should contact life sciences. Alta Wallington [(301) 571-0692; or by

202 The Physiologist Education

Physiology Insights Fellows Present Classroom Laboratory Activities at the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) Annual Meeting

“Incorporating Hands-On, Inquiry- Physiology Insights fellow, Turner her research in the lab of APS member Based Teaching Methods into the R. Coggins, an instructor at the College James E. Smith, Wake Forest School Classroom” was the theme of a work- of Southern Maryland, presented of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Both shop presented by the APS Education “Taking out the Carbage,” an investiga- lab activities are hands-on, inquiry- Office at the annual HAPS meeting in tive study on low carbohydrate diets. based activities. Charlotte, NC, June 10-15, 2000. As a Physiology Insights fellow, Information about the Physiology Thirty-five workshop participants were Coggins worked in the lab of APS Insights program is available on the introduced to the resources and pro- member Adam K. Myers, Georgetown APS website at: http://www.faseb.org/ grams of APS including undergraduate University Medical Center. Sharon C. aps/educatn/undergrad/PhysInsts/insi- teaching, the Archive of Teaching Roseman, an instructor at Lenoir- info.html. Instructor/teacher developed Resources, the APS journal, Advances Rhyne College, Hickory, NC, presented and tested lab activities are available on in Physiology Education, information “D is for DIEt,” an activity that allows the APS website at: http://www. on career resources, and student, facul- students to discover the relationships faseb.org/aps/educatn/k-12.htm. ❖ ty, minority, and travel fellowships and between nutrients, energy, hormones, awards. and metabolism. Roseman conducted

ntion ! Atte rchers Resea APS to work in your lab in the summer of 2001! Frontiers Summer Research sciencescience teacherteacher Teachers are middle and high Host a school science teachers from The APS Summer Research Programs across the nation who work in for Teachers allow science educators the labs of APS researchers in nationwide at middle schools, high their own communities. schools, Native American reservation schools, tribal colleges, and community colleges, to learn about science “in action.” Explorations Summer Research Teachers are mid- Become a part of APS’ efforts to increase dle/high school science teachers teachers’ and students’ knowledge about serving Native American stu- what scientists do, how the research dents in Montana, and science process works, and the intrinsic satisfac- faculty at Montana tribal colleges tion and sense of excitement that comes who work in the labs of APS from conducting scientific research. researchers outside the state of Montana.

For more information, contact the APS Education Office: (301) 530-7132 or [email protected] OR see program descriptions and applications on the website: http://www.faseb.org/aps/educatn/k-12prog.htm

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 203 Chapter News

Report on the Midwest Physiological Societies Meeting 2000 The Midwest Physiological Societies Inman (Loyola), Lothar Blatter Department and the Public Relations held their annual meeting on June 5 and (Loyola), and Loek Van de Kar Department, Chicago Medical School is 6, 2000 at the Chicago Medical School (Loyola). gratefully acknowledged. The meeting in North Chicago, IL. The organizers The scientific sessions included 13 has an existing treasury resulting from were Celia Sladek (Chicago Medical oral and 30 poster presentations of sub- previous contributions from the Merck School) and Terry Opgenorth (Abbott mitted abstracts. Presentations by stu- Corporation. Laboratories). There were 81 registrants dents and fellows were judged by three Social interaction among the partici- primarily from the Chicago, groups of scientists and cash awards pants was encouraged with luncheon Milwaukee, and Madison area. ($100 each) were given to the best oral and buffet dinner tickets included in the The Program consisted of three oral presentation and the two best poster meeting registration. Lunch was avail- sessions and a poster session. The top- presentations. The winners were Emily able immediately adjacent to the poster ics of the oral sessions were Farrell, University of Wisconsin for best session in the school cafeteria. The Physiological Genomics, Vascular oral presentation and David evening buffet was held at the Resort at Biology, and Intracellular Signaling Montgomery, University of Illinois, and Illinois Beach State Park and featured a Mechanisms. The oral sessions were Marcy Hubert, Chicago Medical School musical presentation by Hector initiated by a one-hour presentation by for best poster presentations. Runner- Rasgado-Flores, Associate Professor of a keynote speaker followed by two ups were Xinsheng Zhu, University of Physiology, Chicago Medical School shorter invited symposium speakers and Wisconsin, John Kapoor, Chicago and internationally recognized pianist several minute oral presentations select- Medical School, and John Bitner, and composer, and Mabelle Cohen, cel- ed from submitted abstracts. The Chicago Medical School. list and medical student at Chicago keynote speakers were Harold Gainer The meeting was supported in part by Medical School. from NIH, Ruth Wu-Wong from Abbott the American Physiological Society Next year’s meeting will be organized Laboratories, California, and Paul ($1,000 to support Harold Gainer, the by Richard Moss (University of Bertics from the University of keynote speaker from NIH), Abbott Wisconsin, Madison), and John Solaro Wisconsin, Madison. Invited sympo- Laboratories (provided support for the (University of Illinois) and Donald Bers sium speakers included Jon Levine Vascular Biology Symposium), and (Loyola University) will organize the (Northwestern University), Allen Chicago Medical School, Office of meeting in 2002. ❖ Cowley (Medical College of Research (provided support for the Cell Wisconsin), Larry Thaete Signaling Symposium). Additional sup- (Northwestern University), Sharon port from the staff of the Physiology Celia Sladek

Midwest Physiological Society Meeting Poster Sessions. Midwest Physiological Society Meeting Poster Sessions.

204 The Physiologist Public Affairs

House and Senate Pass NIH Funding Measures

The House and Senate have both more grants than in FY 2000. was planning to hold hearings on drug approved legislation to provide FY The debate over the Senate bill was pricing in July. “The National Institutes 2001 funding for the National Institutes very acrimonious because of many of Health have engaged in extraordinary of Health, clearing the way—at least in largely unsuccessful attempts to restore research and have had phenomenal theory—for a conference agreement on funds to programs that had been cut. results,” Specter said in remarks report- NIH’s funding level. President Clinton has threatened to veto ed in The Washington Fax. “To the The House acted first on June 14, the Senate bill because of cuts to educa- extent that research has resulted in prof- approving by a vote of 217-214 a bill tion, social services, and healthcare pro- its to private companies, it is fair. . .to that would provide NIH with a $1 bil- grams, as well as a provision to block ask [that] the federal government share lion increase, which is 5.6% more than implementation of Labor Department in those proceeds,” Specter reportedly its FY 2000 budget. The House bill standards on ergonomic injury protec- said. would provide NIH with $18.8 billion tion in the workplace. On a voice vote the Senate also in FY 2001, the same as the President’s Among the contentious items that did approved an amendment by Senator budget proposal. Retiring House Labor- receive Senate approval was an amend- Bob Smith (R-NH) provision calling for HHS-Education Appropriations ment by Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) a General Accounting Office study of Subcommittee Chairman John Porter instructing the Director of NIH to “federal involvement in the use of fetal (R-IL) is one of NIH’s strongest cham- develop by March 31, 2001 a plan “to tissue.” Smith had earlier introduced an pions and has made no secret that he require a reasonable rate of return on amendment that would have prohibited wanted to give the agency the $2.7 bil- both intramural and extramural the use of federal funds to purchase lion increase that would be needed to research.” This language was substitut- fetal tissue from inducted abortions, but keep NIH on the path to a five-year dou- ed for an earlier Wyden amendment that he later withdrew that provision. bling. However, the House leadership would have required grantees to repay Although House and Senate confer- insisted that his subcommittee produce the agency if a drug, biologic, medical ees are now free to begin developing a a bill conforming to the current budget device, or other technology developed compromise version of the legislation, caps. Porter’s version of the bill con- through NIH-funded research received it is generally expected that Congress tains instructions for how a $2.7 billion FDA approval for commercial manufac- and the administration will have to increase should be distributed among ture. The Senate also tabled an amend- reach an “end game” agreement making the NIH institutes when and if the addi- ment to reinstate a reasonable pricing new funds available in order to pass tional funds become available. requirement on NIH intramural licens- appropriations bills that are acceptable On Friday, June 30, 2000, the Senate ing requirements because of assurances to both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue. approved its version of the Labor-HHS from Senate Labor-HHS-Education The current budget caps were put in spending legislation. The Senate bill, Appropriations Subcommittee place at a time there was strong political approved on a vote of 52-43, provides a Chairman Arlen Specter (R-PA) that he pressure to eliminate the federal budget $2.7 billion increase deficit. However, for NIH at the House Approves NSF, VA Funding more recently, that expense of a number The House approved the FY 2001 The VA-HUD bill also provides deficit has disap- of programs that are VA-HUD appropriations bill June 21 $351 million for VA medical and pros- peared and has in Clinton administra- by a vote of 256-169. The measure thetics research in FY 2001, an fact been replaced tion priorities. The would give the NSF $4.06 billion in increase of $30 million or 9% over the by a surplus. As of Senate bill would FY 2001. This sum represents a current year. The FASEB funding con- June 30, the Office provide NIH with an $167.1 million increase above this sensus conference recommended that of Management appropriation of year’s budget, but it is still $508 mil- VA medical and prosthetics research and Budget was $20.5 billion in FY lion below President Clinton’s $4.6 be provided with $370 million in FY estimating that the 2001, including $10 billion request for the agency. The 2001. budget surplus for billion to fund FASEB Consensus Conference on There was no firm indication when the period from 31,524 research Federal Funding for Biomedical and the Senate would take up the VA-HUD 2001 through 2010 project grants. This Related Life Sciences Research rec- bill. President Clinton has threatened would be $4.2 tril- represents a 6% ommended a similar figure, with to veto the House-passed bill because lion. This is $1.3 increase in the RPG emphases on fundamental research, it fails to fund several of his initiatives. trillion more than budget and is interdisciplinary initiatives, and In addition it eliminates the OMB had estimat- expected to fund 237 improved science education. Americorps program. ed in February

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 205 Public Affairs when the administration’s budget was called “delayed obligations” last fall in to do away with the cumbersome submitted to Congress. order to provide NIH with a 15% delayed obligations. The conference House and Senate conferees have increase by effectively pushing the report also contains a provision that filed a conference report on a FY 2000 actual expenditure of the funds into FY would let Congress sidestep a potential- supplemental appropriations bill that 2001. However, there were concerns ly embarrassing vote by eliminating a addresses several budget issues. The that holding such a large amount of provision that was included in this conference report contains a provision funding until the end of the fiscal year year’s budget resolution, which would that would do away with the require- would cause disruptions in the field and have required Congress to pass a law ment that NIH delay its disbursement of administrative headaches at NIH. With formally setting aside the discretionary some $3 billion in grant funds until the the FY 2000 budget surplus now esti- funding caps instituted by the Balanced closing days of this fiscal year. mated to be $40-$60 billion greater than Budget Act of 1997. ❖ Congress used this technique of so- anticipated, the conferees were willing

Revised Animal Research Facilities Cost Manual Available NIH’s National Center for Research edition of the manual incorporates http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/newspub/CAR Resources (NCRR) has published a recent policy changes issued by the S.pdf. Institutions unable to print out revision to its Cost Analysis and Rate Department of Health and Human the manual may request a single copy Setting Manual for Animal Research Services permitting animal research from NCRR’s Office of Science Policy Facilities. The manual provides a facility costs to be reimbursed accord- and Public Liaison at 6705 Rockledge methodology for calculating what por- ing to the same principles applied to the Drive, Suite 5140, Bethesda, MD tion of the costs associated with animal reimbursement of other kinds of 20892-7965. The telephone number is research in an animal research facility research. 301-435-0888 and the email address is may be included in the institution’s The rate-setting manual is available [email protected]. ❖ Facilities and Administrative rate. This in .pdf format on the NCRR web site at

IACUC Issues Top Animal Welfare Compliance Concerns The newly-renamed Office of The article is available in PDF format at three general areas were commonly Laboratory Animal Welfare at NIH has http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/LabA identified as needing improvement: posted a nine-page article that discusses nimal.pdf acceptable consideration of alterna- common areas of non-compliance with The key compliance issues reported tives to painful or distressful proce- the PHS Policy on Humane Care and by both OLAW and USDA involve defi- dures by the Principal Use of Laboratory Animals and the ciencies in Institutional Animal Care Investigators; review of painful Animal Welfare Act (AWA). OLAW and Use Committee (IACUC) pro- procedures by the IACUC; and was previously the Division of Animal grams. Nevertheless, the USDA’s monitoring of animal use to ensure Welfare of the Office of Protection from Veterinary Medical Inspectors them- compliance with approved proto- Research Risks. selves expressed significant concern cols and institutional policies and The article, “OLAW and APHIS: about how pain and distress in laborato- procedures.” Common Areas of Noncompliance,” ry animals is managed, as well as how DeHaven went on to say that the was published in the journal Lab this is reported to USDA. This came out VMOs responding to the survey felt that Animal [2000;(29)5:32-37] and consists in an internal survey among USDA’s 49 the Animal Care unit at APHIS should of two sections. One section, written by Veterinary Medical Officers and their provide clear guidance to research insti- Stephen Potkay, Director of the supervisors. As noted by DeHaven in tutions and the VMOs about what con- Compliance Oversight Division at his article: stitutes a painful or distressful proce- OLAW, discusses noncompliance issues “Of those [VMOs] surveyed, 94% dure for AWA purposes; the AC unit’s under the PHS Policy. The second sec- felt that the IACUC regulations are expectations on how facilities should tion, written by Ron DeHaven, Deputy generally effective and that great minimize pain and distress; and “how to Administrator for USDA’s Animal strides have been made in improv- appropriately report various painful and Care, Animal and Plant Health ing humane care and use of animals distressful procedures under the current Inspection Service (APHIS) discusses at research facilities since the regu- categorization scheme.” ❖ noncompliance issues under the AWA. lations were adopted. However,

206 The Physiologist Public Affairs

USDA to Revise Distress Definition, Pain and Distress Reporting

The USDA is considering significant W. Ron DeHaven, the USDA’s ty that may be affected by future revisions to policies that implement the Animal and Plant Health Inspection changes,” DeHaven told the NRC work- Animal Welfare Act (AWA) mandate to Service (APHIS) Deputy Administrator shop, according to a report provided by minimize pain and distress in research for Animal Care, gave an indication of American for Medical Progress. APS animals. A first step was taken June 21, USDA’s plans June 22 at a National will give its members additional infor- 2000, when the USDA issued a new Research Council Workshop on mation about the ANPR when it is pub- version of a policy document providing Definition of Pain and Distress lished in order to facilitate comments guidance on how researchers can Reporting Requirements. DeHaven said from research scientists. demonstrate to their Institutional that APHIS plans to issue a working FASEB will hold a workshop entitled Animal Care and Use Committees definition of distress in the very near “Setting the Agenda on Animal (IACUCs) that they have met the AWA term through changes to its Policy 11. Welfare” on August 6-7 in Bethesda requirement to consider alternatives to Policy 11 is a document providing guid- that will provide an overview both of procedures that might cause pain and ance about how IACUCs should assess the current policy debate on categoriz- distress in laboratory animals. The doc- the potential of proposed research pro- ing pain and distress in laboratory ani- ument, known as Policy 12 is part of a cedures to cause pain and distress. mals and on current scientific knowl- series of documents that USDA has As noted above, the AWA mandates edge about pain and distress. The work- issued to help its inspectors provide a that pain and distress in laboratory ani- shop will bring together representatives more uniform interpretation of AWA mals be minimized. However, to date of biomedical research societies and the regulatory requirements. the USDA has not defined distress in its laboratory animal science community The new version of Policy 12 is about regulations. DeHaven said that USDA along with scientists involved in the five times longer than the one it will provide a “working definition” of actual study of pain and distress. It will replaces, but it essentially reiterates the distress administratively because of be co-chaired by FASEB President same position, namely, that in most concerns that the rulemaking process Mary J.C. Hendrix, Michael Kastello of cases scientists should conduct a data- might take up to three years. “This Merck and Company, and J.R. base search in order to determine working definition of ‘distress’ is cer- Haywood of the University of Texas whether or not there is an alternative to tainly subject to future change based on Health Science Center at San Antonio. potentially painful or distressing proce- comments received through public Haywood is the Chairman of the APS dures in their research model. In recent meetings and comments from the rule- Public Affairs Committee and also years many investigators have making process,” DeHaven told the chairs the Animals and Research expressed dissatisfaction with this bur- June 22 workshop. Subcommittee of FASEB’s Science densome and often irrelevant require- DeHaven said that APHIS also plans Policy Committee. Topics to be dis- ment, asserting that it is time-consum- to publish an Advanced Notice of cussed by participants include what are ing and rarely yields useful results. The Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) in the meaningful definitions of pain and dis- new policy acknowledges that in some Federal Register, asking for comments tress, how best to assess pain and dis- cases consultation with colleagues and on the new definition of distress, as well tress, how pain and distress should be experts can be used in addition to or as on the question of whether USDA addressed in IACUC protocol reviews, instead of database searches, but it should change the way research institu- and what regulatory or policy changes makes clear that IACUCs and USDA tions report the degree of pain and dis- can best serve to minimize pain and dis- Veterinary Medical Officers conducting tress experienced by laboratory ani- tress. Organizers hope that these discus- inspections should “closely scrutinize” mals. DeHaven’s Animal Care unit at sions will produce consensus views that such cases. The new Policy 12 does not USDA will review the comments before will be useful to scientific societies and provide guidance as to how differences deciding whether to seek changes in the individual scientists in making com- of opinion between the USDA and current reporting requirements. ments to USDA. For further informa- research institutions over the adequacy “It is important that we hear from all tion, contact APS Public Affairs Officer of methods other than database search- segments of the public on this issue, and Alice Ra’anan at 301-530-7105 or es will be resolved. especially from the regulated communi- [email protected]. ❖

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 207 Public Affairs

Patrick White Named FASEB Legislative Affairs Director

Patrick White became FASEB’s new and external affairs to D. Allan Porter, Arlen Specter, David Obey, and Director of Legislative Relations July 5. Bromley, who was President Bush’s Tom Harkin, have been very generous White had been the Director of Public Science Advisor and the Director of the to biomedical research and NIH,” White Affairs for the American Association of White House Office of Science and said in a statement announcing his Immunologists since 1993. He succeeds Technology Policy. Before that, White appointment. “I will be privileged to Michael Stephens, who returned to worked on Capitol Hill for 10 years, assist our nation’s most distinguished Capitol Hill to join the legislative staff including service as Chief of Staff for scientists in continuing FASEB’s suc- of Rep. David Obey (D-WI). former Congressman Bob Davis, a cessful advocacy.” ❖ Before joining AAI, White was the Michigan Republican. principle aide for legislative activities “Our congressional champions, John

APS News

DiBona Thanks APS Staff

APS President Gerald F. DiBona appreciation reception is the recogni- (Publications Department), Raisa hosted a staff appreciation luncheon for tion of years of service to the Society. Kaptsan (Business Office), Virginia the Society’s 70 employees at a restau- This year, DiBona presented a 15-year Million (Publications Department), and rant in Bethesda, Maryland. Together certificate to Martin Frank; a 10-year Gloria Simms (Education Department). with Executive Director Martin Frank, certificate to Nancy McClusky DiBona expressed Council’s apprecia- DiBona thanked the staff for their (Publications Department); and 5-year tion for their years of service. efforts over the past year. He pointed certificates to Teki Bynum (Peer DiBona conveyed the gratitude of the out that over the nearly 30 years he has Review Department), Rasa Hamilton Society’s leadership for the efforts of all been a Society the staff in help- member, he has ing to imple- personally wit- ment the actions nessed the dedi- of the Council, cation and the the committees, excellence of the and the editors staff. Because of and remarked the efforts of the that, with the staff, APS con- staff’s help, tinues to provide APS would con- its members tinue to serve with the quality the needs of the of programs and physiology journals they community have come to through the expect. implementation A major por- APS Executive Director Martin Frank and President Gerald DiBona presented recognition of the 2000 APS tion of the staff certificates to Teki Bynum, Alice O’Donnell, Rasa Hamilton, and Gloria Simms. Strategic Plan.

208 The Physiologist Obituary

Ernst Knobil (1926-2000)

He was a man, take him for all in all. I from the deanship in 1984, but shall not look upon his like again. remained active in the laboratory, in the Shakespeare (Hamlet I) classroom, and in discharging extramu- ral responsibilities almost to the time of Ernst Knobil, the 52nd president of his death. In 1989, he was honored with the American Physiological Society the title Ashbel Smith Professor by the (1979-80) died of pancreatic cancer in University of Texas Board of Regents Houston, Texas, on April 13, 2000, at for his lifetime contributions to academ- the age of 73. He is survived by his wife ic medicine. and long-time scientific collaborator, In recognition of his scientific Dr. Julane (Julie) Hotchkiss Knobil, and accomplishments and academic leader- four children: Erich, Mark, Nicholas, ship, Ernie was showered with awards, and Katharine. of the endocrinology community, and distinguished lectureships, medals, and Knobil was born in Berlin, Germany, signaled the depth of scientific rigor, elections to high offices in academic but in the early 1930’s, moved with his creativity, and scholarship that was to societies—accolades too numerous to parents to Paris, France, where he spent mark his career as an endocrinologist, recount fully in this space. He was his early childhood. It is ironic that as a systems biologist, and educator. elected to membership in the American boy he attended the Lycée Claude From 1961 to 1981, he chaired the Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Bernard—a school named after one of newly-formed Department of National Academy of Sciences and was the fathers of modern physiology who Physiology at the University of a foreign associate of the French was to become one of his heroes and Pittsburgh School of Medicine as the Academy of Sciences, the Accademia models, and with whom he was often first Richard Beatty Mellon Professor of Nazionale dei Lincei (National compared. He came to these shores in Physiology. It was there that he com- Academy of Italy), the Belgium Royal 1940, after the fall of France, but never menced his work on the control of the Academy of Medicine, and was an hon- lost his affinity for France or for the primate reproductive cycle that would orary member of the Hungarian French language. In spite of his quick propel him into the ranks of the world’s Academy of Sciences. He held hon- mastery of English he retained his leading neuroendocrinologists and orary degrees from the University of French fluency, and to the delight of his would earn him a permanent place in Bordeaux, the Medical College of French colleagues and admiration of his the archives of physiology and medi- Wisconsin, the University of Liège, and American colleagues, when in France cine. His seminal accomplishment was the University of Milan. He told me on he delivered his scientific addresses in the demonstration of the presence of a several occasions that election and the native language. pulse generator in the hypothalamus induction into the French Academy was He attended Cornell University that controls the periodic discharge of one of the most thrilling events in his where, after a two-year stint in the US gonadotropin releasing hormone star-studded academic career. Army during which he rapidly rose to (GnRH), which, in turn, is responsible Closer to home, in addition to serving the rank of Staff Sergeant, he completed for the 28-day ovulatory menstrual as President of the APS, he also served his undergraduate degree in Animal cycle in primates. In addition to clarify- on the APS Council, was on the Sciences (1948) and a PhD in Zoology ing the basic mechanism of “how we Editorial Board of the American (1951) under the mentorship of Samuel make babies,” as he often put it, Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Leonard. He then joined the laborato- Knobil’s work led to specific treatments Integrative and Comparative ries of Roy Greep at Harvard as a for infertility of hypothalamic origin, Physiology and was Editor of the Postdoctoral Fellow and, in 1953, delayed puberty, and a number of other American Journal of Physiology: received his first faculty appointment as pathophysiological conditions. Endocrinology and Metabolism and an Instructor at the Harvard Medical In 1981 Knobil assumed the deanship (with Wilbur Sawyer) the volumes of School in the Department of of the University of Texas Medical the Handbook of Physiology on the Physiology, then under the stewardship School at Houston where he also held pituitary gland and hypothalamus; at of Eugene Landis. It was as a junior fac- the position of H. Wayne Hightower the time of his death he was Consulting ulty member at Harvard that he carried Professor of the Medical Sciences and Editor for News in Physiological out his pioneering work on growth hor- director of the Laboratory for Sciences. He was a Chairman of the mones that brought him to the attention Neuroendocrinology. He stepped down Long-Range Planning Committee

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 209 Obituary whose report “What’s Past is Prologue: Award for high contributions to the dignity and stature but without pompos- A White Paper on the Future of Society and the discipline of physiology ity. His writings are objects of beauty Physiology and the Role of the in general. At the time of his death he with regard to clarity, logic, and ele- American Physiological Society in It” was Vice-President of the International gance—and, they did not come easily. prompted a revitalization of FASEB and Union of Physiological Sciences. He left an indelible mark on physiolog- served as a stimulus for the adoption of Ernie sought perfection in all of his ical research and education, and on all “integrative biology” as a major theme undertakings—good was not good who were fortunate enough to know for the future. He was a Bowditch enough. But, while he was demanding, him. He will be missed. ❖ Lecturer as well as a Cannon Lecturer he was no more demanding of others and was the recipient of the Daggs than of himself. He bore himself with Stanley G. Schultz

John Walsh (1939-2000)

John Walsh, our valued colleague levels of gastrin in blood and tissue. was the recipient of the AGA Fiterman and Associate Editor of the American John then moved to work with Morton Award, the AGA Distinguished Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal Grossman at the Center for Ulcer Achievement Award and the Abbott and Liver Physiology, died on June 14, Research and Education in 1970. He Distinguished Research Award in 2000 at the age of 61 from complica- served as Director of CURE Digestive Gastrointestinal Physiology awarded by tions after a heart attack. John was Diseases Research Center from 1987. the Gastrointestinal Section of the internationally known for his remark- He was Chief of the Digestive Disease American Physiological Society. In able contributions to the field of gas- Division at UCLA School of Medicine 1990, he was the 231st most cited sci- trointestinal physiology. John was from 1989-1993. He recently served as entist in the world. Director of CURE Digestive Diseases President of the American John was also a great educator and Research Center, Research Chief in the Gastroenterological Association, and mentor to scientists and clinicians. He Division of Digestive Diseases, and the was a Special Section Editor for served as mentor to many recipients of Strauss Professor of Medicine at the Gastroenterology. the NIH Gastroenterology Training UCLA School of Medicine. During John’s research career, he Grant at the UCLA School of Medicine. John was born in Jackson, made an astounding number of highly John will be greatly missed by all of Mississippi, and obtained both his cited observations about the integrative, us at the Journal as well as by many in undergraduate and medical degrees organ, cell and molecular aspects of Los Angeles and around the world. His from Vanderbilt University. He then gastric acid secretion and other aspects death is a great loss to the GI communi- completed an Internal Medicine resi- of gastric function. John was a generous ty. John is survived by a daughter, dency at New York Hospital and Cornell collaborator, generous with both ideas Courtney S.W. Phleger of San Medical Center in New York. His early and reagents, who had an exceptionally Francisco; a son, John Harley Walsh Jr. research experience was with Rosalind keen mind and a voracious desire to of Brooklyn Heights, N.Y.; a sister Yalow and Solomon Berson where he know how things work. In addition to Cecile W. Wardlow of Jackson, Miss.; became an expert in the area of radioim- his basic science research, it is telling to and three grandchildren. ❖ munoassay of hormones. This led to note that around one third of his more John’s enormous contributions over the than 400 peer-reviewed original Helen Raybould years to the quantitative characteriza- research papers and 75 book chapters tion of normal and pathophysiological have concerned clinical research. He

210 The Physiologist Obituary

Carl V. Gisolfi (1943-2000) Carl V. Gisolfi, Distinguished Physiology (EEP) and as the Chair of Professor in the Department of Exercise the APS Program Executive Committee Science and the Department of before and during its difficult transition Physiology and Biophysics at the in becoming the Joint Program University of Iowa, died unexpectedly Committee. It was no surprise to those on June 3, 2000 from a prolonged ill- who knew him that he was elected to ness. After graduating from Manhattan the Parish Council of the St. Moore College with an impressive academic Catholic Church in Iowa City. His hon- and athletic record, he became a gradu- ors include receiving a Citation Award ate student at Indiana University and in and the prestigious Honor Award from 1969 obtained a PhD in Physiology the American College of Sports under the mentorship of Professor Sid Medicine (ACSM); being elected Robinson. Not unexpectedly, his disser- tribution during the week of his death, President of ACSM and of the ACSM tation was in the area of thermoregula- and numerous invitations from through- Foundation, and being selected by his tion. Subsequently, Gisolfi received a out the world to present his results. EEP colleagues to give the important joint appointment in the Department of Gisolfi became a full Professor in Adolph Lecture at the 2000 Physical Education-Men and in the 1981 and was designated a Distinguished Experimental Biology Meeting. The Department of Physiology and Professor in 1996. He was an enthusias- title of his talk was to be “Is the Gut Biophysics at the University of Iowa tic, informed, and effective teacher who Built for Exercise”. where he established a “state of the art” taught human, environmental and exer- He was a loving husband to his wife human climatic research and teaching cise physiology to undergraduates, Louise, a devoted father to his daugh- laboratory. His initial focus was on the graduate, professional, and medical stu- ters Kirsten, Tanya, and Nicole, and a integrated responses of non-trained and dents as well as to individuals enrolled benevolent grandfather to Brendan, non-acclimatized subjects to conditions in extension and certification classes. In Carissa, Aidan, Brodi, and to Kaija. To of heat tolerance and exercise training 1975, he was awarded teacher of the many, it was a privilege to have known which soon became recognized as land- year by the College of Medicine. Gisolfi him because his enthusiasm for science mark investigations in temperature reg- will also be remembered as a demand- and for living brightened the day for ulation. Later, he extended these studies ing, critical, and caring mentor and dur- those in his presence. His effusive to include rodents and primates while ing his lifetime, he was an advisor to 13 friendly greetings and focused attention broadening his research areas of investi- individuals who received the PhD made one feel like a long-lost friend or gations to include fluid balance, gas- degree and to eight others who were relative. The courage he exhibited dur- trointestinal functions, substrate awarded the MS degree. Because of his ing a nine-year period of pain, discom- absorption and utilization, heat shock reputation as a dynamic and enthusias- fort, fatigue and impending death was proteins, and neurotransmitter interac- tic teacher, Gisolfi’s laboratory was a inspirational, as he was always positive tions. Gisolfi’s interest in dehydration “magnet” for undergraduate Exercise about his future and never complained, and rehydration made him a pioneer on Science students and at the time of his exhibited signs of self-pity, or blamed the use of oral rehydration solutions death, he had supervised 38 students fate for his status. Characteristically, his containing carbohydrates and he was conducting various projects. only concern was how his condition among the first to demonstrate that Gisolfi’s professional service record would adversely affect the lives of his increasing the carbohydrate concentra- included being a member of an NIH family, staff, students, and department. tion of sport drinks above 2.5 % did not Study Section, editorial board member Carl V.Gisolfi was truly a gentleman impair gastric, thermal, or circulatory and associate editor of the Journal of and a scholar. He will be missed. functions. Moreover, it was his CNS Applied Physiology and of Medicine Memorials in his name can be direct- studies with primates that effectively and Science in Sports and Exercise and ed to either the Foundation of the refuted the calcium theory of the ther- being a co-editor of the series entitled American College of Sports Medicine, moregulatory setpoint. These collected Perspectives in Exercise Science and 401 West Michigan Drive, Indianapolis, studies were associated with the publi- Sports Medicine. He also possessed IN 46206-1440 or to St. Jude Children’s cation of more than 100 peer reviewed exceptional leadership ability, which Research Center, Box 50, Memphis, TN manuscripts, ten chapters in required was demonstrated when he served as 38101. ❖ textbooks, 115 abstracts, first author- member and Chair of the APS Section ship on The Hot Brain, which began dis- on Environmental and Exercise Charles Tipton

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 211 People & Places

National Eye Institute Director Carl Kupfer Steps Down After 30 Years at NIH

With a long record of accomplish- “My journey at the NEI and the NIH ment behind him, Carl Kupfer,the has been richly rewarding,” Kupfer only person to ever serve as director of said. “As a scientist, clinician, and the National Eye Institute (NEI) and an administrator, I have been wonderfully APS member, is stepping down from blessed with experiences that have his position on July 15 after 30 years at brought me to the cutting edge of vision the helm of the Federal government's research. One of my most satisfying leading vision research agency. achievements has been helping to shape “During Dr. Kupfer's long tenure, the the direction of this research during the NEI has been critical in the shaping of past 30 years. We have seen great vision research in this country, and his advances in treating eye disease and outstanding leadership has contributed preventing vision loss, and as a enormously to the fabric of the National researcher, it is immensely fulfilling to Institutes of Health (NIH),” said Ruth know that the sight-saving treatments Kirschstein, acting director of the NIH. Carl Kupfer we developed have helped prolong An outspoken and effective advocate vision and improved people's quality of for high-quality clinical research at Prior to his appointment as NEI life. I know that in the near future, NEI- NIH, Kupfer expanded research at the Director, Kupfer served for four years funded studies and clinical trials will NEI by establishing laboratory pro- as professor and chairman of the lead to more significant breakthroughs. grams in molecular biology, immunolo- Department of Ophthalmology at the These have been exciting and challeng- gy, neuroscience, and molecular genet- University of Washington School of ing times for vision research, and I am ics. Medicine. fortunate to have been a part of it.” ❖

National Academy of Sciences Elects New Members

The National Academy of Sciences joined the faculty of the Department of tion of the Rh blood group antigens. In announced the election of 60 new mem- Medicine and rose through the ranks. the early 1990’s Agre’s lab became bers and 15 foreign associates, in recog- Agre is presently Professor of well-known for discovering the aqua- nition of their outstanding achievements Biological Chemistry and Medicine, porin water channel proteins, a break- in research. Among those elected are and his group occupies the Albert through which has changed the direc- three APS members, Peter Agre, Jon Lehninger Laboratory. Agre’s research tion of membrane transport research. H. Kaas, and Michael J. Welsh. led to the first known membrane defects For this work, Agre received the 1999 Peter Agre was raised in a small in congenital hemolytic anemias (sphe- Homer Smith Award from the American Minnesota farming community where rocytosis) and produced the first isola- Society of Nephrology and presented his father taught at St. Olaf College. As the 2000 US von Euler Lecture in a youth, Agre and his brothers worked Physiology at the Karolinska Institute in on dairy farms, participated in wilder- Stockholm. ness canoe trips, and pursued their love In addition to his laboratory science, of nordic skiing. Agre majored in chem- Agre devotes major efforts to teaching istry at Augsburg College in and medical school activities. For the Minneapolis and attended medical past six years he has served as Co- school at Johns Hopkins where he Founder and Director of the Johns developed his interest in biomedical Hopkins Graduate Program in Cellular research. Following a medical residency and Molecular Medicine and has served at Case Western Reserve University as Chairman of the Young Investigators’ Hospitals and a clinical fellowship at Day Student Research Program. Agre UNC Chapel Hill, Agre returned to serves on the editorial boards of the Hopkins for a research fellowship in the Journal of Clinical Investigation and Department of Cell Biology. In 1984 he Peter Agre the Journal of Biological Chemistry.

212 The Physiologist People & Places

Michael Welsh earned his MD from contrary to earlier beliefs, sensory areas the University of Iowa where he com- remain plastic into adulthood. Kaas was pleted house staff training in the also the first to describe the time course Department of Internal Medicine under of such reorganization and the first to the direction of Francois M. Abboud. demonstrate that similar remapping of He completed a clinical pulmonary fel- cortical areas can occur in mature visu- lowship at the University of California, al cortex after retinal lesions, and in San Francisco, in the training program mature auditory cortex after cochlear directed by John F. Murray. He then lesions. Other major contributions completed a fellowship in the laborato- include the discovery of the middle ry of Jay Nadel at the Cardiovascular temporal visual area, MT (with Research Institute in San Francisco. He Allman). Kaas has indentified several continued his postdoctoral research visual areas, each containing a separate training in the Department of map of visual space and each having a Physiology and Cell Biology at the Michael Welsh neuronal-response selectivities pointing University of Texas Medical School in to distinctive functions. Kaas also and map reorganization in the cortex Houston working with Raymond A. developed a comprehensive model of triggered by alterations at the sensory Frizzell and Stanley G. Schultz. He the organization of the lateral geniculate receptor surface. Most significantly, returned to the University of Iowa in nucleus, outlining principles common Kaas discovered (with Merzenich) that, 1981, where he is currently a Professor to all mammals and documenting the after cutaneous-nerve blockage or of Internal Medicine and Physiology functional distinction between the mag- injury in adult animals, the denervated and Biophysics and an Investigator of nocellular and parvocellular layers. He cortex becomes activated by inputs the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. generated the first detailed maps of the from adjacent body parts, proving that, Welsh has made several fundamental retinotopic organization of the superior contributions to our understanding of colliculus. Kaas demonstrated that the the common genetic disease cystic region formerly known as the primary fibrosis. His laboratory is also investi- somatosensory area (SI) in primates is gating the epithelial and neuronal func- actually composed of four separate tions of DEG/EnaC cation channels. areas, each connectionally and func- Jon Kaas is a recognized leader in tionally unique. Based on his multidis- the field of systems neuroscience. He ciplinary studies of cortical subdivi- has made substantial, lasting contribu- sions across mammalian species and tions to our understanding of the struc- using data from different primate taxa, ture and function of the mammalian including humans, Kaas has proposed cerebral cortex, with emphasis on visu- detailed hypotheses concerning the evo- al, somatosensory, motor and auditory lution of neocortex. Kaas is currently a cortex. Besides revealing anatomy, Centennial Professor of Psychology at physiology and behavior of these sys- Vanderbilt University. ❖ tems, Kaas’ work includes plasticity Jon Kaas

Physiological Genomics Accepted in Index Medicus!

The National Library of Medicine's Literature Selection Our second print volume, containing articles published Technical Review Committee has selected Physiological online this year, is available. Please contact Sue Pokroy, Genomics for inclusion in its MEDLARS system, which [email protected], 301-530-7015, if you would like a means that it will be indexed and included in Index Medicus, copy. As always, you can view all the articles published in MEDLINE, and PUBMED. Inclusion of articles in the Index Physiological Genomics at http://physiolgenomics.physiolo- will be retroactive, so that all articles published to date and in gy.org/. Content will be free to all online until the end of the future will be indexed. 2001.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 213 People & Places

Thorner Awarded Squibb Grant

The University of Virginia Health new laboratory technology. of an annual award for distinguished System has received a five-year “This grant will allow us to leverage achievement to an individual researcher. $500,000 Unrestricted Metabolic our research in a unique way,” Thorner As the supervisor of an unrestricted Research Grant from the Bristol-Myers explained. “We will be able to pursue metabolic research grant, Thorner is a Squibb Foundation. The grant will be more innovative and speculative proj- member of an independent Selection supervised by Michael O. Thorner, ects. The traditional granting mecha- Committee that selects the winner of chairman of the internal medicine nisms require preliminary data and the annual $50,000 Bristol-Myers department at the University, a national- proof of concept before funds are Squibb Award for Distinguished ly recognized researcher on growth hor- approved and released. This is a rare Achievement in Metabolic Research. mone regulation. and wonderful opportunity which we “Dr. Thorner is a leading investigator Thorner’s research focuses on two will use judiciously and effectively.” of the molecular mechanisms involved different aspects of growth hormone The Bristol-Myers Squibb in the control of the secretion of growth regulation. First, he has a major interest Unrestricted Metabolic Research hormones,” said Richard Gregg, vice in helping define and understand the Grants Program is one of seven grants president, metabolic and mechanism by which growth hormone programs funded by the Bristol-Myers Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, declines with age. Secondly, his studies Squibb Foundation. The others support Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical explore the possibilities of enhancing research in cancer, cardiovascular dis- Research Institute. “He is doing excit- growth hormone secretion in the elderly. eases, infectious disease, neuroscience, ing work in understanding alterations in The metabolic grant program through nutrition and orthopaedics. Since the growth hormone secretion with aging, which unrestricted grants are given by program began in 1977, more than $87 the neuropeptides and receptors the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation million has been committed to these involved in the regulation of growth offers the world’s premier metabolic programs in 179 institutions worldwide. hormone secretion and the modulation research institutions the opportunity to Each of the seven Bristol-Myers of this secretory pathway. We are very pursue new laboratory findings, support Squibb Unrestricted Biomedical proud to have him as a participant in our promising young scientists or acquire Research Grants Programs also consists unrestricted research grants program.”

214 The Physiologist People & Places

Nielsen Receives Young Investigator Award for Excellence in Renal Physiology

The Renal Section of the American tion of renal aquaporins including: Physiological Society is pleased to aquaporin-1, the first identified molecu- announce the 2000 recipient of the lar water channel; and of the subse- Young Investigator Award for quently identified renal aquaporins. He Excellence in Renal Physiology: Søren has devoted a major effort to studies of Nielsen, Professor of Cell Biology and aquaporin-2, the predominant vaso- Pathophysiology, University of Aarhus. pressin-regulated water channel of the The purpose of this award is to recog- kidney collecting duct and its role in nize an outstanding young investigator short-term and long-term regulation of working in any area of renal physiology body water balance. He has also worked or hypertension. Nielsen presented his on the role of aquaporin disregulation in keynote lecture, entitled “Roles of renal the pathophysiology of water balance aquaporins in the physiology and patho- disorders. Overall, Nielsen’s studies physiology of water balance” during a have underscored that aquaporins are of mini-symposium at the Experimental Søren Nielsen major importance in the physiology and Biology 2000 meeting in San Diego, Hallas-Müller Research Professor at the pathophysiology of renal water balance CA. Nielsen received his Young University of Aarhus. Nielsen is a recip- regulation. Investigator Award during the Renal ient of the 1997 Niels og Desire Prize The APS Renal Section’s Young Dinner on April 17. for Young Talented Scientists and the Investigator Award Committee, a sub- Nielsen received his MD degree in 1997 Anders Jahres Medical Prize for committee of the Renal Section 1989 and his PhD degree in 1993 from Young Scientists. He has published Steering Committee, included: Douglas the University of Aarhus. He has about 130 manuscripts, reviews, and Eaton (Renal Section Sage), Mark remained at the University of Aarhus, book chapters. Knepper (Renal Section Past- rising progressively from Assistant Since the early 1990s, Nielsen’s Chairman); Jeff Sands (Renal Section Professor in 1989, to Associate research has been focused on the cell Chairman), and Jurgen Schnermann Professor in 1994, and to Professor in biology, physiology, and pathophysiol- (Renal Section Program Committee 1997. In 1991-1992, he was a NATO- ogy of aquaporin membrane water Chair). ❖ fellow at the NIH in Mark Knepper’s channels. He performed elegant studies laboratory. From 1994-1999, he was a of the cellular and subcellular localiza-

W. Ross Adey has joined the Francisco Alvarado has left the School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. Department of Physiology, Loma Linda Department of Microbiology, School of University School of Medicine, Pharmacy, University of Paris, George P. Biro has accepted a position Redlands, CA. Prior to his new posi- Chatenay-Malabry, France. as Vice President, Medical Affairs tion, Adey was with the Department of Hemosal Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Biochemistry, University of California- Stephen Edward Alway has affiliated Canada. Biro had been with the Riverside, Redlands, CA. with the Division of Exercise Department of Physiology, University Physiology, School of Medicine, West of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Anna N. Ahn, has joined the Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. Department of Organismal and Prior to his new assignment, Alway was Affiliating with the Department of Evolutionary Biology, Harvard with the Department of Anatomy, Pediatric Pulmonology, University of University, Bedford, MA. Prior to her College of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, Carol Jean new assignment, Ahn was with the South Florida, Tampa, FL. Blaisdell has left the Department of Department of Integrative Biology, Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical University of California, Berkeley, CA. Having accepted the position of Institution, Baltimore, MD. Director, Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc., Recently accepting a position as San Diego, CA, Alain D. Baron is no Accepting a position with INSERM, Director of Research, University of longer the Director, Division of Endo Division of Neurobiology and Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain, and Metabolism, Indiana University Vestibular System Development,

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 215 People & Places

University of Montpellier II, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Sweden. Recently, Sengupta moved to Montpellier, France, Catherine Marie- Baltimore, MD. Previously, Janssen the Division of Gastroenterology, Pierre Boyer is no longer with the was with the Department of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anatomy and Cell University of Goettingen, Germany. Milwaukee, WI. Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL. Accepting a position with the Peter L. Strick has accepted the posi- Department of Physiology and tion of Co-Director, Center for the Having been appointed Chief of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State Neural Basis of Cognition, and Cardiac Surgery, Washington University, University Park, PA, Donna Professor, Departments of University, St. Louis, MO, Ralph Hope Korzick has moved from the Neurobiology and Psychiatry, James Damiano has left his position as Department of Veterinary Biomedical University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Chief, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Missouri, PA. Prior to his new assignment, Strick Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia, MO. was with the VA Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Syracuse, NY. Medical Center, Hershey, PA. Michael P. Massett has recently affili- ated with the Center for Cardiovascular Timothy Gordon West has joined Having affiliated with the Department Research, University of Rochester Biomedical Science, Imperial College of Biology, Mountain View College, School of Medicine and Dentistry, of Science, Technology and Medicine, Dallas, TX, Heather Tanisha Eddy has Rochester, NY. Previously, Massett was London, UK. Prior to his new assign- left the Department of Physiology and at the Department of Physiology, New ment, West was with the Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of York Medical College, Valhalla, NY. Zoology, University of Cambridge, South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Cambridge, UK. Affiliating with the Department of Formerly with the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular James S. Williams is currently affiliat- Neurology, University of California, Genetics, Columbia University, New ed with the Department of Exercise and Los Angeles, CA, Daniel P. Ferris is York, NY, Julie Elizabeth McMinn Sport Sciences, Texas Tech University, now with the Department of Electrical has moved from the University of Lubbuck, TX. Prior to his new assign- Engineering, University of Washington, Washington-Seattle VA Medical Center, ment, Williams was with the Seattle, WA. Seattle, WA. Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Recently, Richard Martin Green Thomas A. Miller recently joined the MS. joined the Division of Gastroenterology Department of Surgery, Medical and Hepatology, Northwestern College of Virginia, Virginia Common- Having affiliated with the Department University, Chicago, IL. Green was pre- wealth University, Richmond, VA. of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon viously with the Division of Digestive Miller was formerly with the Health Sciences University, Portland, and Liver Diseases, University of Department of Surgery, St. Louis Oregon, Ling Xu is no longer with the Illinois, Chicago, IL. University Health Sciences Center, St. Department of Neuroscience, Louis, MO. University of Pittsburgh, PA. Steven C. Hebert has accepted a posi- tion as Professor and Chairman, Having moved from his post at the Fumiaki Yoshizawa has accepted a Department of Cellular and Molecular Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest position with the Department of Animal Physiology, Yale University, New University School of Medicine, Science, Utsunomiya University Haven, CT. Prior to his new appoint- Winston Salem, NC, John F. Faculty of Agriculture, Tochigi, Japan. ment, Hebert was Director of the Schmedtje, Jr., has joined Consultants Prior to his new assignment, Yoshizawa Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt in Cardiology, Roanoke, VA. was with the Department of Science of University, Nashville, TN. Living, Iwate Prefectural University, Jyoti N. Sengupta was formerly with Takizawa, Japan. ❖ Paul M. L. Janssen is now a Research the GI Pharmacology, Discovery Area, Associate with the Department of AstraZeneca R&D Molndal, Molndal,

216 The Physiologist News From Sr. Physiologists

Letters to Karlman medicine. We travel quite extensively gram at chess, but find playing with an and the internet provides an active occasional live opponent more stimulat- Wasserman exchange of views with our friends both ing. We also participate in monthly in the US and abroad. luncheon meetings of a church social Jurg Schneider writes: “Thank you “Remaining physically and mentally and fund raising senior citizens group very much for your congratulatory note active is unquestionably very important called M&M, for Mature and of February 23. Yours happens to be the for maintaining a feeling of well-being Methodist. Sometimes we have a guest first such message I have received about as one gets older. Medically the years speaker, and part of my ‘job’ is to intro- reaching my 80th birthday year! It also after 80 are often referred to as the ‘fail- duce the speaker. struck me as an interesting coincidence, ure decade.’ While perhaps technically “One day a week I do volunteer work that your primary interest seems to be correct, the term is emotionally deflat- at the Welfare and Recreation’s office the field of pulmonary physiology, the ing and I must say that I prefer a French and shop (ERWA) at the Department of very first area in which I did some classification that recently came to my Energy building where I used to work. research on regulatory mechanisms of attention. They now distinguish We sell used books and discount tickets respiration during postdoctoral studies between 80-85 year old as ‘jeune vieux’ to theme parks, ball games, etc., spon- in Europe. and above 85 as ‘vieux vieux.’ This sor a softball league, arrange an annual “Years later, after my immigration to sounds much more acceptable and civi- picnic for employees, and charter trips the US it was work on respiratory lized. ‘Vive la différence!’” to performances in New York. This stretch receptors by recording action gives me some contact with previous potentials from afferent vagal fibers, James S. Robertson writes: “My wife colleagues and friends, and access to that impressed my mentor Bob Gaunt, and I are enjoying retirement in the research library.” who urged me to apply for membership Gaithersburg, Maryland. Our home bor- in the American Physiological Society. ders on a woodsy state park, which is J. Edward Rall writes: “Thanks for Although my interests shifted towards nice for walks, and often there are deer your recent letter of congratulations on pharmacological work later on, my from the park grazing in our back yard. my eightieth birthday. I have read with membership in the APS was always “Somehow we seem to keep busy. We interest throughout these many years something I was especially proud of, all enjoy fairly frequent visits from our two comments by ‘senior’ physiologists. the way through my industrial career. granddaughters, one in high school, the Indeed some 15 or so years ago I was Later on, when the practice of medicine other in college, and our grandson, who asked to and gave a lecture on ‘Life beckoned again, physiological thinking is in graduate school in psychology, After Retirement’ and used some 10 guided my activities in Emergency along with his wife and our great- years of comments by Senior Medicine and the laryngoscope became grandson, age 5, as well as our grown Physiologists on what they did after a constant reminder of the critical children, two in Pennsylvania and one retirement. As I recall it, most of those importance of an open airway in the in California. who wrote were still working, most management of respiratory failure. “My scientific activities have been were teaching or writing reviews. A few “But this is now behind me and over reduced to participation in some activi- had totally retired and traveled or gar- the past few years I have developed an ties of the National Council on dened. It was surprising how many of interest in the aging process and the Radiation Protection and Measurements them were still intellectually active— problem of handling it for those who are and as an active member of the Medical usually in their scientific sphere. Of fortunate enough to enjoy reasonably Internal Radiation Dose Committee of course, those in nursing homes or suf- good health. Although I am no longer the Society of Nuclear Medicine, which fering from Alzheimer’s or strokes active in scientific work or writing, I did meets three times per year in various couldn’t reply so it was a skewed sam- manage to publish my thoughts on cities around the country. On an infor- ple but nonetheless revealing. aging in the form of a book written for mal basis, I sometimes contribute to the “I have followed the general trend. I the lay public. I am afraid, however, that geometry and number theory problems retired and became Emeritus shortly there are no ‘words of wisdom.’ I call it that appear in the problem solving sec- before my 75th birthday but was per- a prescription for enlightened matura- tion in the American Mathematical mitted to keep a small lab and office. I tion that has proven to be of value to me Monthly. still have a postdoctoral fellow and two through my early retirement years. “For recreation I am in an evening former fellows will spend four months “My wife and I continue to lead an bowling leagues, and in fair weather with me this summer. As a result, I have active life, trying to stay informed about play outdoor tennis. I try, with infre- published half a dozen papers and eight the ongoing explosion of knowledge in quent success, to beat my computer pro- or 10 book reviews since I retired.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 217 News From Sr. Physiologists

However, as my energy level slips it ogy evaluation, and even clinical prac- basis. At present I have three NIH seems prudent to close my lab this Fall tice guidelines. Just as fascinating and grants, all R01s, including one clinical but continue to come to NIH, attend two possibly even more challenging, at least trial. These keep me busy and the lab journal and data clubs and keep up, to the somewhat shrunken brain of the research has been great fun. When I more or less, in my field of the last 20 elderly. But attempting to solve worth- resigned as chairman of Medicine here years, molecular biology and, more par- while problems is an addiction which at age 60 after 15 years, I was dissatis- ticularly, nuclear hormone receptor does not seem to lessen with the years. fied with the way our profession was activity. I am truly grateful for having It still gives me great pleasure. headed. We were engaging in increas- had the last 15 years to witness the “Through you I greet those fellow ingly expensive, high cost, invasive breathtaking advances in molecular addicts in the human physiology arena. technologies most of which were pallia- biology. Even some 18 years ago when Amongst them are intellectual and tive at best, for conditions we knew we had cloned the gene for a low abun- moral giants whom it has been a privi- were preventable. So I had no good rea- dance enzyme, by the time the paper lege to know. I congratulate them and son to refuse Dean Tosteson’s request appeared, techniques had changed so rejoice with them on having chosen an that I chair a new Department of much that what took us two years to occupation (obsession, addiction) Preventive Medicine. During the ensu- accomplish could then have been done which they can profitably and joyfully ing 10 years prior to retirement, I in three or four months. Now with so indulge until the last synapses cease to became interested in dietary prevention much sequence data available and with function.” of coronary heart disease. That is what I microchip arrays of cDNAs, what is have been pursuing for the last 10 years. possible is mind-boggling. W. Stanley Newcomer writes: “Firstly “Following on the work of two “On a more mundane level, the I must apologize to you for not answer- Australians we confirmed their reports advent of the computer with word pro- ing sooner your congratulatory letter on that administration of fish oils to ani- cessing, Email, literature searches, and behalf of the American Physiological mals will prevent ischemia-induced the www, has made my secretary-less Society last October. fatal ventricular arrhythmias with high life easy and comfortable. “I am retired but unfortunately I can- probability (in our dog studies, “My only advice to younger scientists not report to you that I am still doing P<0.005). We found that each of the is do what you enjoy—you will do a research with a zillion dollar annual major dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty much better job if you love what you budget. I chose the easy way, the path of acids (PUFAs) are highly effective in are doing and are not working just for least resistance on retirement. My wife preventing sudden cardiac death. With the money. And don’t ignore the fact and I enjoy good health and conse- those surprising results, I wanted to find that biology is the most exciting field in quently travel moderately frequently. the mechanism of their anti-arrhythmic the world.” We find Elderhostel programs to be an action. The search over the past six enticing bargain. Also we have taken years has been quite rewarding, I think. Letters to Ken Zierler five of six grandchildren (not all at the “We started using cultured neonatal same time) to Europe; it is to Greece cardiomyocytes to examine the effects Maurice McGregor writes: “Thank with number six this summer. In on their spontaneous, synchronous and you for your letter. I am touched that an between travel it is swimming five days rhythmic contractions when exposed to old friend should reach out across the a week, baking herb bread and hot cross arrhythmogenic agents and then to the buns for a church sale, pursuing a long- n-3 PUFAs. We found that cardiotoxins, years. What was our common interest? I 2+ think it was the analysis of indicator time hobby (bryology), etc., etc. e.g., elevated Ca concentrations, dilution curves. You were very much of “Aside from the above plug for ouabain, isoproterenol, thromboxane, the professional, and I, the enthusiastic Elderhostel I have no profound words etc., all accelerated the beating rate of amateur. of wisdom to pass on the seventy-nin- the myocytes and produced fibrillatory m “With the passage of time my inter- ers.” behavior. If we added low M concen- ests have slowly veered towards the trations of the fish oil fatty acids to the physiology of society and health care Alexander Leaf writes: “I think I bathing medium it prevented the systems, how they work, and of course ignored the letter on my 70th year, arrhythmias when the cardio toxins the pathophysiology, how they go which was the year of my formal retire- were added. If the tachyarrhythmias wrong, and the therapeutic interven- ment. I was 70 in the last year that there were established, addition of the free tions which might make for better func- was a mandatory academic retirement fatty acid to the arrhythmic myocytes tion. So my interest has been more in age. But since then I have continued returned them to a regular beating rate. the areas of health care policy, technol- with research on a daily, year around Finally, if we then added delipidated

218 The Physiologist News From Sr. Physiologists bovine albumin and extracted the fatty are only produced by polyunsaturated about the Nut who is having more fun acids, the arrhythmia promptly fatty acids and not my monounsaturated with his research after retirement than resumed. This taught us that these fatty or saturated fatty acids. ever before. My close collaborators acids need only partition into the hos- “Currently we are just completing Yong-Fu Xiao and Jing X. Kang made pitable lipophilic environment of the studies which show that point amino these investigations possible. They did acyl chains of the membrane phospho- acid mutations in the Na+ a-subunit at the work and most of the thinking—and lipids to exert their antiarrhythmic two sites within the 2400 amino acids of I hope have shared in the fun. So my action. No covalent linkages with any that subunit will reduce the effects of one advice to young investigators is to membrane constituent are required. the PUFAs on the channel conductance. do what you really enjoy, as you will do When we determined the electrophysi- Current dogma would say that these two that well.” ology of this effect we found that the sites are where the fatty acids bind to fatty acids cause an increase in the the channel protein to modulate its con- Letter to Arthur Baue depolarizing stimuli necessary to elicit ductance. Once we found that these an action potential by 40-50 percent. PUFAs modulate the basic electrical Bob Elsner writes: “Many thanks for They also prolong the refractory period activity of the heart, we strongly sus- your kind 80th birthday greetings! I was of the myocytes by some two to three pected that they would affect all out of town when your note arrived, fold. These actions stabilize electrically excitable tissues, namely also skeletal hence the delay in replying. every myocyte in the heart. The action muscle and nervous system—and they “My life since retiring in 1988 has is almost immediate. It is a direct action do. In the CNS we have found they + 2+ been busy and enjoyable. I like to think of the free fatty acid (nonesterified). affect the Na and Ca currents of of it as a time to catch up with some of These effects in turn result from the CA1 hippocampal neurons similarly to those things one might have wished to action of the PUFAs to modulate the their effects in the heart. The conse- do and never quite had the time for. I ionic currents through the sarcolemma. quence of this effect is that they are continue to work at the University of We have reported that these fatty acids anticonvulsants in the rat cortical stimu- Alaska, and I find the continuing asso- are potent inhibitors of the voltage- lation model of epilepsy. But they are ciations with students and colleagues dependent Na+ current, the L-type affecting all neurons, but only those that 2+ stimulating and gratifying. Ca current and, with lesser potency, are dysfunctional. “Fortunately, I have been able to con- + “There remains much yet to learn the two major repolarizing outward K tinue a modest program of research in about what these interesting dietary currents. Their inhibitory effects in the the comparative physiology of diving + 2+ PUFAs do, but we finally convinced Na and Ca currents, which we think mammals. These interests have taken NHLBI that clinical trials are needed to are the two most important actions for me for several years to Inupiat Eskimo learn if what we have found in the lab the antiarrhythmic action, result from a villages on the north coast of Alaska will apply to humans at risk. Three clin- voltage-dependent shift of the steady where I have excellent cooperation ical trials have now been reported sug- state inactivation potentials to very from Native seal and whale hunters. gesting strongly that these PUFAs will hyperpolarized potentials. In addition to With their help I can obtain fresh tissues prevent sudden cardiac death in the rat myocytes we have studied the (heart, kidney, etc.,) for laboratory humans, so our clinical trial may effects on the human myocardial sodi- study and incidental to their subsistence a already be over due. Since there are um channel -subunit alone or coex- hunt. I have been working with isolated b some 250,000 sudden cardiac deaths pressed with the 1-subunit alone or coronary arteries from seals in an b annually in the USA alone and millions coexpressed with the 1-subunit in attempt to clarify some of the influ- more worldwide, there may be consid- HEK293t cells. With both subunits ences governing coronary blood flow in erable potential public health benefit transfected the electrophysiology of the these animals. The question relates to from what we have been learning—as a human sodium channel mimics that of the seal’s unusual cardiac performance clinician, I hope so. the sodium channels in the rat car- (intense bardycardia, intermittent + “There have been a host of publica- diomyocytes. The effects on both Na myocardial perfusion) during long 2+ tions. Our most recent review article and Ca currents are concentration breath-holding dives. appeared in the J. Membrane Biology dependent producing classical sigmoid “In another project we are studying 1999; 172: 1-11. I have been invited to curves with inhibitory effects evident at possible mechanisms involved in the write the prefatory chapter for the nM concentrations. The effects occur protection of seal tissues from adverse Annual Reviews of Physiology 2000, when the moles percentage of fatty acid effects of oxygen radicals that may be which should appear in the Fall, should to moles of membrane phospholipid is expected to be produced by the frequent anyone be interested in learning more well under one percent. These effects episodes of ischemia and reprefusion

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 219 News From Sr. Physiologists that they experience during each dive. write something for The Physiologist. to be more than the sum of its parts and Another isolated vessel project is con- “I joined the APS in 1938 under the physiologists are the ones, along with cerned with the operation of thermoreg- sponsorship of one of America’s great the other integrative scientists, to ulatory circulation in the whale’s tail. physiologists, Wallace O. Fenn. Despite explore the many mysteries that remain The Alaska situation is unusual in being meager participation in APS affairs in at the whole organism level. Let molec- one of the few places where access to recent years because of duties in other ular biology do its thing but don’t be such tissues may be had. In these and directions, I have never lost interest in seduced away from what physiology other researches I have been enjoying physiology and read The Physiologist has done best. We can still be awed by productive collaborations with col- avidly. It was thus especially gratifying what lies ahead.” leagues around the world, notably to be remembered by my old friends. California, Mexico, Australia, Norway, “In the 20 years since my last com- Letter to Eugene Renkin and Sweden. munication, the ‘big red book,’ “In recent years I have also worked Radioactivity and Health—A History with Japanese and Korean colleagues in was completed, was well-received, and Martin Zade writes: “In Sweden all studies of human breath-hold divers, the has gone to a second printing. Work university professors retire at the age of ama. There are some 16,000 ama divers, with national committees has been 65, willing or not. However, I was able both men and women, in Japan, and completed and the committees disband- to keep an office in the Department of another 3,000 in Korea, who are ed. Last year I finally retired from my Physiology at Uppsala University dur- engaged in the harvest of edible prod- adjunct appointment at University of ing another two and a half years. Then ucts from the sea floor. We have been California, San Diego. It was getting the new state policy was effectuated recording dive depths, temperatures, too hard to get there. whereby our universities (all run by the heart rate, and other variables from “My first wife died in 1991 and in state) have to pay a high rent for each them during open ocean and laboratory 1994 I married a lady, originally from square meter of floor space to the state. dives. Toronto, whom I sang beside in a local I had to move home, and there I finished “I have had a long interest in the chorale group. I am still active as the writing of my last scientific paper, development of a design for a new arc- Historian and Member of the History on jumping red blood cells (J. Micr. tic research ship intended to improve Committee of the Health Physics 192, 54, 1998). The Department has and our investigative capabilities by being (Radiation Safety) Society, do a bit of still continues to contract in space. I am able to operate in sea ice and open seas consulting, and participate each year in expanding my extraphysiological life in the Alaska region. Such a facility is a lecture series at Lake Tahoe that bears and enjoy it together with my wonderful required for adequate study of some my name. wife. In summertime we devote our- interesting and potentially important “It is not easy to be concise with com- selves to the maintenance of our coun- oceanographic and biological ques- ment for posterity from the perspective try estate and in wintertime I cherish my tions. I am currently engaged with oth- of 90 years, but I will try. collection of ancient oil lamps, an inter- ers in the planning for such a ship, and “Despite an early interest in becom- est ignited by Gene Stead Jr. at Duke I would hope to live long enough to see ing a practicing physician I am glad that University in 1972. When possible we it become a reality. circumstances pushed me into biomed- go travelling. I appreciated the greet- “Alaska suits our lifestyle very well. ical-science instead. It has provided an ings from APS on my 70th, and am My wife, Betty, and I are keen nature exciting and fulfilling career. looking forward to a card when 80.” observers and cross-country skiers. We “I worry over the overspecialization can enjoy these activities right out the in research and the trend away from the back door of our home. Betty is a physician-scientist. We need scientists retired physician with several years with a real appreciation of the problems experience in organizing rural health of medical practice and physicians with clinics and the teaching of village enough research experience to appraise health aides.” critically new developments or to do research themselves. Letter to Michael Bárány “In our zeal to learn more and more at Newell Stannard writes: “I was the molecular level, physiology must delighted to receive your greeting on never lost interest in or neglect the my 90th birthday and your request to whole organism. The whole continues

220 The Physiologist Positions Available

Muscle Biologist: The Department of Animal Sciences, Postdoctoral Fellowship/Research Associate: An opportu- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, invites applica- nity is available to work at the confluence of molecular and tions for a tenure-track Assistant Professor (full-time, 9 cellular biology and tissue engineering. The individual will month, 60% Research, 40% Teaching) in muscle biology. A participate in the study of mechanisms involved in cell-cell PhD in a discipline related to muscle biology is required. communication (spatio-temporal signaling pathways) using Basic knowledge of muscle structure, function, and charac- cardiac tissue culture models. Our team consists of scientists teristics that ultimately impact the quality of muscle foods is who speak the languages of cell biology as well as bioengi- essential. The candidate will be expected to develop a strong neering and biocomplexity. This position is in a laboratory externally funded research program, to advise and interact that is part of a multi-center (Drexel/University of with undergraduate and graduate students, to teach courses Pennsylvania/Harvard University) research initiative to relevant to the needs of the department, and to complement develop a live cell microscopy system to image cellular net- the existing faculty in the Department of Animal Sciences work organization and adaptation. Applicants with back- and other departments within the University. Applications ground and experience in cellular biology and/or tissue will be received until August 31, 2000 or until an outstand- engineering are encouraged to apply. Review of the applica- ing candidate is identified. Applicant should submit a cur- tions will start in May 2000 and will continue until the posi- riculum vitae, academic transcripts, a cover letter describing tion is filled. It is anticipated that the selected applicant will the applicant’s interest and qualifications for this position, be able to begin working on the project by July 1, 2000. and three reference letters from qualified individuals. Curriculum vitae and three references should be sent to: Dr. Application materials should be sent to Dr. Robert Easter, J. Yasha Kresh, Prof. and Research Director, Departments of Head, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Medicine. Med. College of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801. Pennsylvania -Hahnemann University, 245 N. 15th Street, Additional information concerning the Department of MS 111, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192. Email: Animal Sciences is available at www.ansci.uiuc.edu. [email protected]. [EOE] [EOE/AA]

Tenure-Track Positions: The University of Tennessee, Assistant Research Scientist: The Department of Internal Department of Physiology, is actively recruiting for three Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Division, is seeking an tenure-track faculty positions. Academic rank is dependent Assistant Research Scientist to develop and integrate new upon experience and qualifications. Candidates should have state-of-the-art methodologies to the application of trans- a PhD or MD degree, a good track record in publications, genic animals and to implement development of those meth- and postdoctoral research experience with a background in ods in the Transgenic Animal Facility. This position requires cellular and/or molecular biology. The abilities to establish that a person in this classification have the academic knowl- an independent research program in the areas of cardiovas- edge of a discipline generally associated with a Doctoral cular, gastrointestinal, developmental, endocrine, or epithe- degree or an equivalent professional degree, i.e., MD, DDS, lial physiology and to engage in teaching activities of the or DVM. In addition, such a person will have demonstrated department are expected. See our website the ability to plan and execute a research study through some (http://physio1.utmem.edu) for information regarding the progressively responsible independent research work. department. Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, Experience with the production and analysis of transgenic copies of three representative publications, and the names of mice and an understanding of basic mouse genetics and with three references to: Dr. Leonard R. Johnson, Chair, the characterization of gene-targeted mice and the use of University of Tennessee Department of Physiology, 894 recombinase-based systems is desired. Please send a resume Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163. These positions will and cover letter indicating #44413 to: Carol Wehby, Human remain opened until filled. Minorities and females are Resources, Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins encouraged to apply. [EEO/AA/Title VI/Title IX/Section Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081. [EOE/AA] 504/ADA/ADEA]

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 221 Positions Available

Postdoctoral Research Fellow: An NIH-funded postdoc- Research Physiologist: The Thermal and Mountain toral position in a large multidisciplinary group is available Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of immediately to study the vascular biology of maturation in Environmental Medicine invites applicants for a Research the cerebral circulation. The applicant selected will be able Physiologist Position. Applicants should have a strong back- to choose from a wide variety of projects related to signal ground in systems/integrative physiology; experience with transduction pathways involved in both contraction and molecular/genomics research and physiological stimulation relaxation of cerebral arteries, with particular emphasis on modeling are desirable. Applicants should have postdoctor- nitric oxide synthases, guanylate cyclase, calcium ATPases, al experience with a strong record of publications and grant and myosin light chain kinase. A broad variety of method- writing. This is a civilian (contingent to six years) position oligical approaches are available including fura-2 photome- that could become permanent; salary range of $51,9898 to try, arterial permeabilization, in vitro contractility, endothe- $80,367 depending on qualifications. The successful candi- lial cell cultures, autoradiographic quantitation of receptor date will develop a human research program regarding ther- binding, enzyme activity assays for NOS and guanylate moregulation, physical performance, adaptations and mal- cyclase, Western blotting, and quantitative RT-PCR. The adaptations to cold exposure. Thermal and Mountain highly competitive salary for this position will be negotiated Medicine Division consists of approximately 50 scientists on the basis of years of relevant experience, publication organized into program units studying Cold Stress record, and the strength of letters of recommendation. Physiology, Heat Stress Physiology, Mountain Stress Highest priority will be given to applicants with a well- Physiology, Environmental Genetics and Environmental demonstrated ability for scientific writing. Interested appli- Pathophysiology. Women and minorities are strongly cants are invited to send a copy of their curriculum vitae and encouraged to apply. Send curriculum vitae to Dr. Michael two recent first-author publications to: William J. Pearce, N. Sawka, Chief, Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, PhD, Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology, Professor US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, of Biochemistry, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760-5007. Tel: 508-233- University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350. 5665; Email: [email protected].

Research Integrative Physiologist: NIH-funded center with the primary mission to study the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome seeks a research integrative phys- iologist to assist in the work. Our work suggests that some Assistant Research Scientist: The Department of Internal patients may experience fatigue due to a problem in their Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Division is seeking an brain while others have a problem in their heart and/or ves- Assistant Research Scientist to perform basic research to sels. I am seeking a colleague at the Assistant/Associate advance knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms Professor level with physiological expertise that would help involved in the function of ion channels in cardiac myocytes us understand the pathophysiology of this medically unex- and vascular smooth and muscle cells. The work will require plained illness. Specifically, I am seeking someone with expertise in theoretical and methodological aspects of cellu- interests in blood flow (especially brain blood flow), in car- lar electrophysiology as well as cardiac and vascular physi- diovascular regulation, or in autonomic neural function. The ology. Requires a person in this classification have the aca- individual would receive a faculty appointment in the demic knowledge of a discipline generally associated with a Department of Neurosciences of the New Jersey Medical Doctoral degree, or an equivalent professional degree, i.e., School. Faculty level and salary would depend on creden- MD, DDS, or DVM. In addition, such a person will have tials, publication record, and skills. The position is funded demonstrated the ability to plan and execute a research study with grants. Therefore, the faculty member would be expect- through some progressively responsible independent ed to join in with the Center’s active research program but research work. A PhD degree in Neuroscience and/or also to develop his/her line of research and to seek inde- Physiology; research experience in the area of cellular elec- pendent funding for this effort. The physiological activities trophysiology, cardiac and vascular physiology, and molec- of the Center occur at the East Orange VA Medical Center. ular biology is desirable. Please send resume and cover let- The VAMC is in suburban NJ—40 min from midtown ter indicating #44417 to Carol Wehby, Human Resources, Manhattan and 40 min from NJ horse country. Interested Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, candidates should email or fax their curriculum vitae to: IA 52242-1081. The University of Iowa is an Equal Benjamin H. Natelson, MD, Professor of Neurosciences, Opportunity and Affirmative Action employer. Women and UMD-New Jersey Medical School. Tel: 973-395-7737; fax: minorities are strongly encouraged to apply. 973-395-7114; email: [email protected].

222 The Physiologist Positions Available

Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, or Professor in Postdoctoral Researcher: The Pennington Biomedical Exercise Physiology or Exercise Biochemistry: The Research Center in Baton Rouge, LA, is seeking an individ- Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, ual with proven experience in exercise physiology/bio- LA, is seeking an individual with research experience in chemisty. The candidate should have experience in design- exercise physiology/exercise biochemistry. The candidates ing and executing protocols involving physical training pro- should have a proven track record of research funding in grams to enhance health and performance. The successful physical performance. The successful candidate will devel- candidate will perform research in a multidisciplinary team op a research program and lead a multidisciplinary team whose mission is a better understanding of the physiological whose mission is a better understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of human obesity and in the response to physical training. human obesity and in the response to physical training. Qualifications include a PhD in exercise physiology, exer- Qualifications include a PhD in exercise physiology, exer- cise biochemistry, or a related area, and experience in new cise biochemistry, or related area and 5 years experience in technologies relevant to study of health and performance an academic or research setting. Resumes will be accepted desirable. Resumes will be accepted until the position is until the position is filled. Please send curriculum vitae and filled. Please send curriculum vitae and names of three ref- names of three references to: Evelyn P. Bennett, Assistant erences to: Evelyn P. Bennett, Assistant Director, HRM, Director, HRM, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins 6400 Perkins Road, LA 70804-4124, REF: Ravussin– Road, LA 70804-4124, REF: Postdoctoral Researcher Faculty (Exercise Physiology/Exercise Biochemisty). #021496. [EOE/AA] [EOE/AA]

Postdoctoral fellowship(s): Available immediately to study Assistant Professor: Applications are invited for a tenure- the dysfunctional central regulation of energy balance that track Assistant Professor position in the Department of occurs in diet-induced obesity and type II diabetes. These Exercise Science, The University of Iowa, commencing studies involve the investigation of hypothalamic glucose- August 2001. The Position requires a PhD or equivalent sensing neurons in both brain slices (visually guided) and degree and a strong potential to attract external funding. freshly dissociated neurons using whole cell and single- Postdoctoral training and teaching experience are highly channel patch-clamp recording techniques. In addition, sin- desirable. Scientists investigating areas related to exercise gle-cell PCR techniques will be used to characterize glu- and movement sciences are invited to apply, including but cose-sensing neurons. Expertise in electrophysiology and not limited to neuroscience, integrative or exercise physiol- molecular biology is desirable but not mandatory. ogy, biomechanics, and anatomy. The successful applicant Preference will be given to applicants with a strong interest will develop a strong independent research program in in understanding the central mechanisms involved in obesi- his/her area of expertise and teach undergraduate and grad- ty and diabetes. Salary will be commiserate with NIH stan- uate students. He/she will teach at least one course in bio- dard. Send a curriculum vitae and the names of three refer- mechanics. Review of applications begins in October 2000 ences to Dr. Vanessa H. Routh, Assistant Professor, and continues until the position is filled. Submit a letter of Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey application, curriculum vitae, selected reprints, a 5-year Medical School, 185 S. Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07103. research plan, and three letters of reference to: Dr. Kelly J. Email: [email protected] (preferred); fax: 973-972-4554. Cole, Department of Exercise Science, S. 501 FH, The Review of applications will begin immediately and continue University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Minorities and until the positions are filled. [EOE/AA] women are especially encouraged to apply. [EOE/AA]

Equipment Exchange

Force transducers: Could you help? Do you have any force [email protected] for shipping instructions. Carlos Peres da transducers you have no use for? I am in need of three (3) Costa. Depto. de Fisiologia e Farmacologia. Universidade Grass FT03 Force transducers for a Graduate Student proj- Federal de Pernambuco. Recife. PE 50670-901. Brazil. ect. Those who are interested in donating should contact

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 223 Positions Available

Faculty Position in Molecular Imaging: The Departments Research Physiologist: Research Physiologist needed of Physiology and Radiology, Michigan State University, immediately for full-time position at Brooks Air Force Base invite applications for a full-time tenure-track appointment in San Antonio, Texas. Applicant should have at least one at the Assistant/Associate Professor level. The successful year of postdoctoral experience. Our primary focus is candidate will be expected to develop an independent research and modeling on the biological effects of electro- research program in the area of molecular imaging. magnetic fields, including cardiovascular and stress Individuals whose research exploits modern NMR tech- responses, thermoregulation, and motor control. Open to US niques as it relates to chronic diseases, e.g., detection of citizens only. Successful candidate must be eligible for a brain function, tumors, and/or cardiovascular disorders, are Security Clearance. Position will remain open until filled. particularly encouraged to apply. Candidates must hold a Please send curriculum vitae and references to Dept. TD, PhD, MD, or equivalent doctoral degree; have postdoctoral Veridian Engineering, Inc., 9601 McAllister Freeway, San experience; and demonstrate potential for developing a vig- Antonio, TX 78216. FAX: 210-308-7498. [EOE /AA] orous externally-funded research program and outstanding teaching in the department’s educational program. Interested individuals should provide a complete curriculum vita, a Postdoctoral Position: A position is available in brief statement of research interests, and copies of key pub- Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of British lications. Applicants should also request letters of recom- Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Work will involve mendation from three individuals who can evaluate their examining respiratory muscle injury related to exertion in accomplishments and future potential for research and humans and animals by utilizing biochemical, histologic, teaching. Review of applications will begin October 15, immunohistologic, plasma markers, and in vivo and in vitro 2000 and continue until the position is filled. Applications physiology. Qualifications include a PhD in physiology, should be sent to: Ronald A. Meyer, PhD, Chairperson, exercise physiology, physiotherapy, or a related field. Molecular Imaging Search Committee, Department of Experience in the above-mentioned techniques is desirable, Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, but highly motivated individuals are encouraged to apply. Michigan 48824-1101. Email: [email protected]; Send curriculum vitae, names of three references (with con- Internet: www.psl.msu.edu. Handicappers have the right to tact numbers), and a letter outlining research experiences request and receive reasonable accommodation. [EOE/AA] and interests. Review of applications will begin immediate- ly and will continue until the position is filled. Send appli- cations to Dr. W. D. Reid, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, T325–2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2B5, Canada. Tel: 604-822-7402; Fax: 604-822-7624; email: [email protected].

Jackson Cardiovascular-Renal Meeting 2000 November 8-11, 2000, Jackson, Mississippi

The Center for art lectures, “Hot Topics” papers, and poster sessions led by Excellence in Cardiovas- international experts in cardiovascular and kidney research. cular-Renal Research of Investigators in all areas of cardiovascular-renal research the University of Miss- are encouraged to submit abstracts. The meeting is endorsed issippi Medical Center by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the invites you to participate Council for High Blood Pressure Research, American Heart in an international meet- Assoc., the American Society of Hypertension, and the ing of basic science, clini- American Physiological Society. The full program can be cal, and epidemiology found at http://cecr.umsmed. The deadline for abstracts is researchers. Meeting top- September 1, 2000. ics include physiological For more information, contact: Meeting Secretariat, genomics, vascular pathophysiology, hypertension, heart Kathy Brailey. Fax: 601-984-1817 email: kbrailey@physi- failure, stroke, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease in ology.umsmed.edu African Americans. The meeting will feature state-of-the-

224 The Physiologist Book Reviews

A Cursing Brain? emphasizes that these changing claims sis or other suggestion the cause was of the etiology of Tourette syndrome hysteria; if they could not be cured they The Histories of Tourette often were due less to compelling and had Gilles de la Tourette disease. Syndrome robust scientific findings than to the In 1902 Henry Meige and E. Feindel Howard I. Kushner dynamics of the political culture of published Les Tics et leur Traitement Cambridge, MA: Harvard University medicine [and the personal pre-existing (Tics and Their Treatment). This work Press, 1999, 303 pp., illus., index, views of the physicians]. I will attempt was based on the study of one case $29.95. to briefly illustrate this and other called “O.” Despite the contrary views ISBN: 0-674-18022-4. themes of Kushner’s book. of the patient himself, Meige and Gilles de la Tourette never saw or Feindel concluded that all tics were Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a heredi- examined the Marquise de Dampierre. psychological in origin and occurred in tary neurobehavioral disorder charac- He took his description of her from a those who had “a psychological predis- terized by the presence of chronic motor much earlier 1825 report by Jean Itard. position that above all confirmed a and vocal tics that start in childhood or However, she was still alive when Gilles hereditary weakness [disease] of the adolescence and can be suppressed for a de la Tourette wrote his 1885 paper, and will.” The tics were “bad habits.” They short period of time. It is named after reading the translations of his paper believed that the onset of tics could be George Gilles de la Tourette, a French gives the impression that his mentor, the connected to a response to an earlier physician, who in 1885 described a famous French neurologist Jean-Martin pain and the response to the pain was famous TS patient, the Marquise de Charcot, had seen her. Remarkably, “characteristic of a nervous and badly Dampierre, and several other subjects Kushner points out that other than pos- trained child.” Meige and Feindel made with the disorder. Kushner has pro- sibly passing her once on a Paris street, the same mistake that teachers make duced a delightful and detailed history Charcot also never personally examined today, concluding that since the tics can of Tourette syndrome and has empha- the Marquise de Dampierre. be voluntary suppressed for a period of sized how the hypotheses about the Unfortunately, this tendency to write time that they must be psychogenic in cause of TS varied according to the extensively about the cause of a disor- origin. belief system of a wide range of writers der when one has never seen a patient, The range of behaviors, and especial- on the subject. This is why I call this or only one patient, pervades the early ly the cursing, provided a rich source of review Tourette Syndrome: A Rorschach history of TS. material for a psychoanalytic explana- Test for Physicians. It is also ironic that based on our tion of TS. The seminal paper was writ- The object of the Rorschach test is a modern understanding Gilles de la ten in 1921 by Sandor Ferenczi, a remarkably varied and complex disor- Tourette probably came closer to get- Hungarian psychoanalyst. Without ever der that in addition to the tics, can be ting the cause of TS correct than most examining a single ticcing patient, rely- (but is not always) associated with a other writers over the next 100 years. ing instead on the case of “O” in Les range of comorbid disorders including He felt it was primarily a neurological Tics et leur Traitement, he concluded hyperactivity, impulsivity, obsessive- rather than a psychological disorder and that tics were “stereotyped equivalents compulsive behaviors, compulsive was hereditary. The latter was based on of Onanism [masturbation]” and that swearing (coprolalia), disinhibited sex- Gilles de la Tourette’s other patients and tics resulted from repressed masturbato- ual compulsions, anxiety, enuresis, and upon Charcot’s definition of predispos- ry desires and constitutional narcissism other behaviors. To further complicate ing family pathologies including nerv- where the smallest injury to a part of the the situation the tics spontaneously wax ous habits, alcoholism, and problems body strikes the whole ego. Coprolalic and wane and are made worse by stress. with anger control. This view was outbursts were a substitute release of Finally, since genetic factors are immediately challenged by their own energy in those incapable of enduring a involved, one or more relatives often contemporaries who suggested that stimulus to their body without an imme- have some of these same symptoms, most cases were the result of hysteria or diate defense reaction. Kushner points with or without tics. This is the object of were simply one of many forms of out that Ferenczi’s explanations, based the projective “test” that has been taken chorea and should not be singled out as on never seeing an actual patient, by physicians for over 100 years, in specific disease. Itard himself thought “formed the bedrock of all future psy- which the exercise is to identify the the Marquise de Dampierre’s tics were choanalytic claims about the causes of cause of these symptoms. While it due to an “underdeveloped will.” In tics and involuntary cursing.” should come as no surprise that this response to these attacks, Gilles de la Unfortunately, actually seeing a “test” would produce different answers Tourette and Charcot later suggested patient or two did not necessarily help in different writers, Kushner’s book that if the tics could be cured by hypno- much. “Most patients’ case histories

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 225 Book Reviews were replete with evidence that could be parental restraints, or lack of restraints, order. Kushner points out that Arthur marshaled to support whatever assump- produced in predisposed children an Shapiro and Elaine S. Shapiro, based on tion an examining physician brought to inability to assert normal control over their many studies of the treatment of the clinical encounter.” Taking the lead their motor activities. Mahler’s etiolog- TS with haloperidol, were largely from Ferenczi many considered that the ic hypothesis suggested what tics were responsible for this shift of opinion and origin of tics was in psychic repression, best treated with psychoanalysis. for the formation of the Tourette usually due to guilt over masturbatory However, she noted that there was no Syndrome Association, a lay organiza- habits. If this were the case one would connection between “the thoroughness tion whose purpose was to increase think there would be a need to explain of treatment and good therapeutic public awareness about TS and its suc- way TS did not affect every adolescent, results,” which, translated, means the cessful treatment with medication. rather than apparently being extremely treatment did not work. In typical psy- However, as often occurs in science, rare. choanalytic obtuseness, this was taken practitioners may find it difficult to give An alternative hypothesis, based on as support of their theories with failure even an inch to their opponents. Thus, it the knowledge of Sydenham’s chorea being reconstructed as success. It was was claimed that TS was purely neuro- resulting from rheumatism due to an proposed that the tics impaired the ego logical and not associated with any infection, was that tics were similar to to such an extent that there was a “veri- behavioral or psychiatric disorders. rheumatic chorea and all sources of table incontinence of emotion” with Arthur Shapiro took this to the extreme infection needed to be removed. In “erotic and aggressive instinctual of stating that the obsessive-compulsive some cases this was taken to the impulses,” continually escaping through behaviors that were present in up to extreme of removing “infected” teeth, the tics and vocalizations, making them 50% of TS patients were not really then tonsils, then adenoids, and if that resistant to analysis. Mahler went on to obsessive-compulsive behaviors but a did not work, progressively removing suggest that “doing nothing was dan- TS type that only he was able to differ- the sinuses. The problem with all of the gerous” because even if the tics disap- entiate from the psychiatric type. supposedly effective treatment modali- peared they might be replaced by a However, in recent years it is widely ties, based on the respective theoretical severe personality disorder. As Kushner accepted that a range of psychiatric orientation of the physician, was that states, “What might appear to the unini- comorbidities (ADHD, obsessive-com- due to short-term follow-up it was tiated as a failure of psychoanalytic pulsive behaviors, anxiety, mood-disor- impossible to distinguish a cure from a method actually had dialectically con- ders, and others) are present in many TS temporary waning of the tics. As a firmed its most profound theoretical subjects. As shown in Fig. 1, it would result, with enough denial or sloppy fol- insights.” In modern double-blind tests, have required only a modest rearrange- low-up, every treatment seemed to what drug that failed to outperform a ment of thinking to come to a model work. placebo would be accepted by the FDA, that contained the elements of TS as For a while, TS disappeared off the regardless of the spin placed on the both a neurological and psychiatric dis- medical horizon. However, between study by pharmaceutical companies. order. 1943 and 1949, Margaret S. Mahler, a From the 1950s on, there were Thus, when the psychoanalysts held psychoanalyst living in the US, reintro- increasing numbers of reports that med- sway, it was believed that various psy- duced it using the designation “Gilles ications, especially neuroleptics, were chiatric conditions (anxiety neuroses, de la Tourette’s Disease.” Mahler was, successful in treating the tics. In the US, obsessions, compulsions, hyperactivity, in fact, the adopted daughter of a under the strong encouragement of the and others), which were then thought to Budapest psychoanalyst, Vilma Kovacs, Tourette Syndrome Association, the be of purely psychological origin, were former student and analysand of Sandor high rate of success of neuroleptics put the cause of the tics (Fig. 1A). With the Ferenczi. Of the many psychoanalysts the psychoanalyists on the defensive success of neuroleptics and other drugs, that visited the Kovacs household, none and helped lead to the presently accept- the pendulum swung to the opposite played a greater role in Mahler’s career ed assumption that TS is a than Ferenczi himself. She proposed biologically based, hered- that although tics might have an organ- itary neurological disor- ic substrate, they appeared only in those der. However, for a while susceptible children who had experi- the success of neurolep- enced severe, repressed, psychological tics led to a wide pendu- conflicts. As has happened with other lum swing to the opposite disorders such as autism, the parents assumption that TS was were considered to be at fault. The purely a neurological dis- Figure 1.

226 The Physiologist Book Reviews extreme that TS was purely a neurolog- considerations. Since France was occu- Kushner’s book is highly recom- ical disorder and had nothing to do with pied by the Germans during the war, mended not only to understand the fas- any psychiatric disorder (Fig. 1B). A this may in large part be a reaction to cinating history of TS but more impor- more moderate hypothesis (Fig. 1C), avoiding any biological or genetic theo- tantly to understand the frequent ten- that draws on all prior theories of TS, is ry that remotely resembles the abuses of dency of physicians to bring to the table that many of these psychiatric disorders the Nazis, in the name of eugenics. of clinical research their preexisting are themselves biological, and that a This, of course, ignores the fact that philosophical orientations. ❖ common set of biological factors Stalin killed as many or more Soviet cit- (genes, infections, other) can cause both izens in the name of purely environ- David E. Comings the tics and the comorbid behaviors. mental, anti-genetic theories [Lysenko- City of Hope Kushner points out that in France ism]. The problem is not so much the National Medical Center and even today, a psychological, psychoan- science as it is that tyrants will use any Beckman Research Institute alytic view of TS still holds sway, again viewpoint they wish if it helps their fur- due more to political than to scientific ther preconceived ideas.

Patterns of Human between early life and later develop- The core of the book (Chapter 4) ment, 17th century European physicians focuses on the evolution of the human Growth pursued longitudinal studies on birth life cycle and the author’s views of Second Edition weight and child health. By the 20th human growth from a life history per- Cambridge Studies in century longitudinal and cross-sectional spective. The human species is like no Biological Anthropology 23 studies accumulated information on the other in its life history. Each individual tempo of growth of body systems as spends nearly two decades as a depend- well as height and weight. Within early ent infant, a child, juvenile and adoles- Barry Bogin 20th century anthropology Franz Boas’s cent before reaching social and sexual New York: Cambridge University Press, research on immigrants to the US chal- maturity. Other primates move directly 1999, 455 pp., illus., index, $39.95. lenged traditional ideas about typology from infancy into the juvenile stage. ISBN: 0-521-56438-7. and human variation. Chapter 2 intro- Bogin makes a convincing case for a The goal of Bogin’s second edition duces the basic principles of growth in childhood stage. Infancy ends with on human growth, in his own words, is delineating the stages of the human life weaning about age three. Although “to consider the growth of the human cycle. Bogin introduces a new stage, independence in locomotion and feed- body in a unified and holistic manner.” “childhood,” that lies between the ing is achieved, the child remains The volume succeeds admirably. Not stages of “infancy” and “juvenility,” and dependent on older individuals for care only is the coverage comprehensive and sets the stage for later discussion of the and feeding between ages three to informative but the writing is clear and significance of this uniquely human seven. Childhood is constrained by an accessible. Studies of human growth stage of growth. immature dentition, a small digestive have traditionally been descriptive. In The evolution of human growth in system, a calorie-demanding brain that contrast, Bogin approaches human chapter three provides a comparative is both relatively large and growing rap- growth from an anthropological and dimension with vertebrates, mammals, idly, and a diet that must be procured, evolutionary perspective and weaves and primates and discusses, for exam- prepared, and provided by older mem- together information on individuals, ple, the role of lactation, brain growth bers of the social group. The end of populations, cultures and other primates and learning. Valuable comparative childhood is marked, for example, by a and mammals. In eight chapters, the information highlights the differences growth spurt in first permanent molar book touches almost every base and between growth in humans and other eruption, completion of brain growth, includes a very useful bibliography. primates: 1) the greater potential for and a shift in cognition, and the ability The background Chapter 1 provides a human growth at adolescence; 2) the to maintain attention and focus on com- useful history. Studies of human growth pronounced delay in the onset of sexual plex problems. Bogin reviews some of began more than 200 years ago, maturation in humans; 3) the markedly the fossil evidence and speculates about although observations about human increased potential in humans for when, during the course of the last mil- growth go back thousands of years. Out growth in height and weight during ado- lion years or so of human evolution, of an interest in the relationship lescence. these changes might have taken place.

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 227 Book Reviews

This chapter also provides a valuable growth, such as nutrition. Data on the no doubt will provide insights about critique of neotony as an overly sim- protein and energy intake of weaned how DNA and proteins can alter mor- plistic description of complex growth children from five developing nations is phology, a key to understanding evolu- changes. discussed within the context of disease, tionary change. To address the interplay Bogin then (Chapter 5) looks at dietary deficiencies, and cultural prac- between genes and environment Bogin human variation across populations. His tices of infant and child feeding. reviews studies on growth of twins, bio- overview draws on excellent studies on Growth is also influenced by milk con- logical relatives, and adopted children from Africa, Asia, Europe, Central and sumption, altitude, climate, and urban- and their adopted families. Bogin also South America and documents inter- ization. Bogin points out that the forma- discusses the links between the population variation in height, weight, tion of cities during the agricultural rev- endocrine system and nutrition and body proportions, and body composi- olution and later during the industrial emotions. There are no simple correla- tion. The data include his own extensive revolution “has been a major force tions. The final chapter reviews the research on the Mayas living in shaping both human biology and cul- author’s biocultural approach to human Guatamalan villages as well as in ture” (p.297). In the discussion of cities, growth, that is, individuals are more Florida and California. A specific popu- he evaluates their biological impact on than biological organisms but must be lation might vary over time, for exam- migrants when they shift their socioeco- studied within social, economic, and ple, in stature. Bogin provides a useful nomic status and social class—shifts political contexts. discussion of the meaning of these sec- that can be positive or negative. I am enthusiastic about this book. It ular trends and addresses possible The genetic and endocrine regulation will be appreciated by all readers inter- social, economic, and political determi- of human growth (Chapter 7) includes ested in human growth for the quality nants. Here, as in other chapters and mention of the role of homeobox genes and quantity of the information, the throughout the book, Bogin recognizes in determining the growth of multicellu- clear presentation of the complexities that the biological individual is growing lar organisms. Homeobox genes act at and variables, and for the synthesis and up within cultural and physical environ- the earliest stages of development to new ideas it provides. ❖ ments. delimit the relative position of body In Chapter 6 Bogin addresses specif- regions. By showing how genes influ- Adrienne Zihlman ic environmental factors that influence ence morphology, this area of research University of California, Santa Cruz

Books Received

The Brain’s Sense of Movement, trans. The Hot Brain: Survival, Temperature, Physiology by Numbers: Giselle Weiss, Alain Berthoz and the Human Body. An Encouragement to Quantitative Perspectives in Cognitive Carl V. Gisolfi and Francisco Mora Thinking, 2nd Edition. Neuroscience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000, 272 Richard F. Burton Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, pp., illus., index, $45.00. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000, 337 pp., illus., index, $45.00. ISBN: 0-262-07198-3. 2000, 236 pp., illus., index, $24.95. ISBN: 0-674-80109-1. ISBN: 0-521-777038. Nutrition and Exercise Immunology. Endocrine Physiology David C. Nieman and Bente Klarlund Balint Kacsoh Pedersen New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000, 741 Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2000, 191 pp., pp., illus., index, $34.95. illus., index, $89.95. ISBN: 0-07-034432-9. ISBN: 0-8493-0741-4.

The Extended Organism: The Performing in Extreme Environments. Physiology of Animal-Built Structures. Lawrence E. Armstrong J. Scott Turner Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ.Press, 1999, 340 pp., illus., index. $19.95. 2000, 235 pp., illus., index, $47.50. ISBN: 0-88011-837-7. ISBN: 0-674-00151-6.

228 The Physiologist Announcements

Aging Research Information Source The National Institute on Aging (NIA) Wisconsin-Madison that helps about funding opportunities and con- announces a free source of information researchers keep up to date with the lat- gressional testimony. Information about on aging research. The CAAR (Current est developments in the field, especially CAAR, including an archive of back Awareness in Aging Research) is a research relevant to the social sciences. issues and subscription information, is weekly email report produced by the The reports include links to key scien- posted at the following URL: NIA-supported Center for Demography tific publications, reports, and news http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/caar/caar of Health and Aging at the University of releases as well as announcements -index.htm. ❖

Pickwick Postdoctoral Fellowship

Each year the National Sleep Foundation awards the applied or clinical research. Candidates must hold either an Pickwick Postdoctoral Fellowship, which funds postdoctoral MD, DVM, PhD or DO degree, the degree or subsequent scientists in the study of basic sleep mechanisms and disor- training having been completed within the last five years. It is ders. Fellows will receive funding of $35,000 per year for one essential that there be evidence of aptitude for, and proficien- or two years. Applicants must be currently sponsored or plan- cy in research. For more information, please visit the ning to conduct research in recognized North American pro- http://www.sleepfoundation.org/activities/pickwick.html#pos grams of study or laboratories with strong mentoring in the tdoc. If you have any questions, feel free to call the National appropriate area. Resident aliens must document their per- Sleep Foundation at 202 347 3471, extension 203. ❖ manent residency status. Fellowships are available for basic,

PRIM&R/AAMC Workshop on “Effective IRBs: The Fundamentals” The third and last scheduled schmidt, University of Minnesota; small team discussions of specific PRIM&R/AAMC workshop on “Effect- Moira Keane, University of Minnesota; cases. ive IRBs: The Fundamentals” will be Gary Chadwick, University of To learn more about the program, and held at the Westin O’Hare Hotel just Rochester; Jeffrey Cohen, OPRR; and to obtain the registration materials, visit outside Chicago on September 18, and Ada Sue Selwitz, University of http://www.aamc.org/meetings/specmt- there is still room to register. Kentucky. In addition to presentations gs/irb00/start.htm. This event is for IRB staff and mem- on the history, ethics, and details of the If after visiting the web site, there are bers, investigators, research administra- regs, there will be ample opportunity to still questions on the program, contact tors, and others who would like a solid pose to this distinguished faculty ques- Allan C. Shipp, AAMC, at 202-828- grounding in the human subjects regula- tions concerning the special issues and 0484. For questions concerning regis- tory requirements. The faculty for this challenges that are faced. There will tration matters, please contact Melissa event will include Dale Hammer- also be an interactive session involving Shaw at 202-862-6103. ❖

PRAT Fellowships for Postdoctoral Scientists at the NIH The Pharmacology Research Associate (PRAT) Program of ceptors’ laboratories. Candidates may apply prior to coming the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) to NIH or FDA, or they may have started postdoctoral sponsors postdoctoral fellows conducting research at the NIH research at NIH or FDA within the 12-month period prior to in the pharmacological sciences. This can include research in the application receipt deadline. Applications are due on or the areas of signal transduction, drug metabolism, before January 5, 2001 for fellowships starting in October of immunopharmacology, chemistry and drug design, structural that year. Only US citizens or permanent residents aer eligi- biology, endocrinology, neuroscience, clinical pharmacology, ble. Contact the PRAT Program Assistant at 301-594-3583 or among other areas. Potential fellows make an application [email protected] to request a PRAT Fact Sheet and an together with a preceptor to the PRAT Program. Selected fel- application kit, or visit the NIGMS home page at lows receive a two-year appointment, salary, supplies and http://www.nih.gov/nigms/about_nigms/prat.html to view the travel funds from the NIGMS to support research in the pre- PRAT Fact Sheet. ❖

Vol. 43, No. 4, 2000 229 Scientific Meetings and Congresses

August 30-September 3 September 14-17 World Congress of Lung Health and 10th European XIV Congress of the Cardiovascular System Dynamics Respiratory Society Congress, Florence, Italy. Society, Baltimore, MD. Information: David A. Kass, or J. Information: ERS Headquarters Lausanne, 1, boulevard de Yasha Kresh, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, grancy, CH-1006 Luasanne, Switzerland. Tel: +41-21-613- MD. email: [email protected] or j.yasha.kresh@drexel. 0202; fax: +41-21-617-2865; email: [email protected] or edu; Internet: http://www.hopkinscme.org/CSDS [email protected]. September 14-25 September 5-10 Supramolecular Structure and Function (Seventh XIth International Vascular Biology Meeting, Geneva, International Summer School on Biophysics), Rovinj Switzerland. Information: IVBM 2000, c/o MCI Group SA, (Istria), Croatia. Information: Prof. dr. Greta Pifat-Mrzljak, Rue de Lyon 75, 1211 Geneva 13, Switzerland. Tel: +41-22- Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, POB 345-3600; fax: +41-22-240-2363; email: anne-lise@mcitrav- 1016. Tel: +385-1-4561-127; fax: +385-1-4680-239; email: el.com. [email protected]; Internet: http://rudjer.irb.hr/~dpavlek/ biophysics2000.html. September 7-10 American Heart Association Scientific Conference on September 18 Interactions of Blood and the Pulmonary Circulation, Prim&R/AAMC Regional Workshops on “Effective Sedalia, CO. Information: Project Coordinator Scientific IRBs: The Fundamentals,” Chicago, IL. Information: Conference on the Interactions of Blood and the Pulmonary Meetings Registrar, Association of American Medical Circulation, Office of Professional Education, American Colleges, 2450 N Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037-1126. Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX Tel: 202-828-0892; fax: 202-862-6160; email: 75231-4596. Tel: 214-706-1543; fax: 214-706-5262; email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.aamc.org. [email protected]; Internet: http://www.americanheart.org/ Scientific/confer. September 20-22 26th Annual Topics in Gastroenterology and Liver September 7-13 Disease, Baltimore, MD. Information: Program 2000 Pre-Olympic Congress, International Congress on Coordinator, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sports Science, Sports Medicine and Physical Education, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Turner 20/720 Brisbane, Australia. Information: Amanda Costin, 2000 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205. Tel: 410-955-2959; Pre-Olympic Congress, C/-Queensland University of fax: 410-955-0807; email: [email protected]; Internet: Technology, Human Movement Studies, Locked Bag 2, Red http://www.med.jhu.edu/cme. Hill, Queensland 4059, Australia. Tel: +61-7-3864-5824; fax: +61-7-3864-9690; email: [email protected]. September 22-26 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 22nd September 10-15 Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada. Information: ASBMR First International Symposium on Microgravity Research Business Office, 1200 19th Street, NW, Suite 300, and Applications in Physical Sciences and Biotechnology, Washington, DC 20036-2422. Tel: 202-857-1161; fax: 202- Sorrento, Italy. Information: Conference Secretariat, 857-1880; email: [email protected]. ESTEC Conference Bureau, PO Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Tel: +31-071-565-5005; fax: September 23-23 +31-071-565-5658; email: [email protected]; Internet: American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Annual http://www.estec.esa.int/CONFANNOUN. Meeting, Montreal, Canada. Information: American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, PO Box 30, Bloomfield, September 10-15 CT 06002. Tel: 860-243-3977; fax: 860-286-0787; email: Principles and Practice of Tracer Methodology in [email protected]. Metabolism, Galveston, TX. Information: Robert R. Wolfe, PhD, Course Director, Department of Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital, 815 Market St., Galveston, TX 77550. Fax: 409-770-6825; email: [email protected].

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