Lan- Cia- Agencies and Companies That Have Directly Assisted the Research Reported in This Volume Include the Following
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PAPER 89-8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN COAL GEOSCIENCE Lan- cia- Agencies and companies that have directly assisted the research reported in this volume include the following: Acadia University, Department of Geology Alberta Research Council, Alberta Geological Survey Bergbauforschung GmbH, Germany BP Exploration Canada Ltd. British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Geological Survey Branch Bullmoose Mine (Teck Corporation) Canadian Hunter Exploration Ltd. Cape Breton Development Corporation (DEVCO) Cardinal River Coals Ltd. Crows Nest Resources Ltd. Esso Resources Canada Ltd. Government of Yukon, Department of Economic Development, Energy and Mines Branch Gregg River Resources Ltd. Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. Luscar Ltd. Manalta Coal Ltd. Nova Scotia Department of Mines and Energy Petro-Canada Quintette Coal Ltd. Smoky River Coal Ltd. The University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Organic Geochemistry Unit Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Universite Laval, Department of Chemical Engineering University of British Columbia, Department of Geological Sciences Utah Mines Ltd. Whitehorse Coal Corporation Thanks to all of these and the many others who have provided valuable support for recent coal- related activities of the Geological Survey of Canada. It is hoped that results from these activities will contribute significantly to efficient and responsible exploration, development and use of Canada's coal resources. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA PAPER 89-8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN COAL GEOSCIENCE 1989 Energy, Mines and ~nergie,Mines et 1*1 Resources Canada Ressources Canada Q Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1989 Available in Canada through authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores or by mail from Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada Ottawa. Canada KIA OS9 and from Geological Survey of Canada offices: 601 Booth Street Ottawa, Canada KIA 0E8 3303-33rd Street N.W., Calgary. Alberta T2L 2A7 100 West Pender Street Vancouver. B.C. V6B 1R8 A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Cat. No. M44-89/8E ISBN 0-660-13142-0 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION G.G.Smith ................................................................................... 1 ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF COALS STRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTOLOGY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE COAL-BEARING STELLARTON FORMATION, NOVA SCOTIA R.D. Naylor, W. Kalkreuth, W.D. Smith, and G.M. Yeo .............................................. 2 GATES FORMATION (LOWER CRETACEOUS) COALS IN WESTERN CANADA; A SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND PETROLOGICAL STUDY W. Kalkreuth, D.A. Leckie, and M. Labontg ....................................................... 14 COAL GEOLOGY AND RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS LUSCAR GROUP IN WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA F.M.Dawson .................................................................................. 26 A DISTINCTIVE TERRESTRIAL PALYNOFLORAL ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE LOWER CAMPANIAN CHUNGO MEMBER, WAPIABI FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA: A KEY TO REGIONAL CORRELATION A-R-SweetandD-RBraman .................................................................... 32 SYNOPSIS: "CONTROLS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF COAL IN THE CAMPANIAN TO PALEOCENE POST-WAPIABI STRATA OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOOTHILLS (CANADA)" T-Jerzykiewin ............................................................................. 41 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A CONTINUING STUDY OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC CONTEXT, DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COALS IN THE UPPER CRETACEOUS TO PALEOCENE WAPITI GROUP, NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA F.M.DawsonandW.Kalkeuth .................................................................. 43 DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTER OF COAL IN THE BATTLE RIVER COALFIELD, EAST-CENTRAL ALBERTA F.M.Dawson,A.R.Cameron,andT.Jerzykiewica ................................................. 49 COAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE ARCTIC ISLANDS: I. PALEOCENE COASTAL PLAIN COALS FROM STRATHCONA FIORD B.D.Ricketts .................................................................................. 62 CHARACTER OF COALS COALIFICATION PATTERNS IN JURASSIC-LOWER CRETACEOUS STRATA (MINNES, BULLHEAD AND FORT ST. JOHN GROUPS), ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOOTHILLS AND FORELAND, EAST-CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ADJACENT ALBERTA W.KalkreuthandM.McMechan ................................................................ 68 CONTROLS ON COAL QUALITY VARIATION IN THE CADOMIN-LUSCAR COALFIELD, ALBERTA C.W. Langenberg,D. Macdonald,andW.Kalkreuth ................................................. 80 PETROLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF GATES FORMATION COALS, NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA: PRELIMINARY RESULTS M.N. Lamberson, W. Kalkeuth, and R.M. Bustin ................................................... 88 ORGANIC PETROLOGY OF THERMALLY ALTERED COALS FROM TELKWA, BRITISH COLUMBIA F-Goodarziand A.R.Cameron .................................................................. 96 THE NATURE OF THERMALLY ALTERED COAL FROM MOUNT GRANGER, WHITEHORSE AREA, YUKON TERRITORY F.Goodarzi andT.Jerzykiewicz ................................................................. 104 CONVERSION PROPERTIES OF SELECTED CANADIAN COALS BASED ON HYDROGENATION AND PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENTS W.Kalkreuth,C.Roy,andM.SteUar ............................................................. 108 A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF SELECTED COALS USING HYDROUS PYROLYSIS H. von der Dick, M.G. Fowler, and W. Kalkreuth ................................................... 115 ORGANIC PETROLOGY OF TWO COAL-BEARING SEQUENCES FROM THE MIDDLE TO UPPER DEVONIAN OF MELVILLE ISLAND, ARCTIC CANADA F.Coodarzi,T.GentzisandA.F.Embry .......................................................... 120 COAL GEOSCIENCE AND INFORMATION/DATA PROCESSING TECHIQUES THE REQUIRED USE OF COAL DENSITY VALUES FOR CALCULATING AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF IN SITU COALS THE USE OF AUTOMATED IMAGE ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE CONVENTIONAL COAL PETROGRAPHIC PARAMETERS - AN EXAMPLE FROM SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA K.C.Pratt ....................................................................................137 TECHNICAL NOTE: CUSTOM PROGRAMMING OF IMAGE ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS FOR COAL PETROGRAPHY K.C.Pratt ....................................................................................146 WESTERN CANADIAN COAL MINES - FOR THE RECORD A.DarraghandJ.D.Hughes ......................................................................149 DESCRIPTION OF COMPUTER METHODS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND DENDOGRAPHS AS MEANS OF COAL DATA PROCESSING M.Labont6 ...................................................................................156 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Canada is one of the world's nations that are Au niveau mondial, le Canada est I'un des pays aux particularly well endowed with coal, and Canadian coal ressources en charbon les plus abondantes. De ce fait, la production, consumption and exports are undergoing production, la consommation et les exportations unprecedented expansion. The Geological Survey of Canada charbonnikres connaissent une croissance sans prickdent. La (GSC) conducts a program of coal geoscience research Commission gkologique du Canada (CGC) dirige un directed to assessing the nation's coal resources in terms programme de recherche sur le charbon qui a pour but relevant to their exploration, evaluation, development, Itestimation du potentiel canadien en ressources utilization and management. This program is based at the charbonnikres, en tenant compte de I'exploration, Institute of Sedimentary and Petroleum Geology in Calgary. I'kvaluation, la mise en valeur, I'utilisation et la gestion des The research provides information enabling Government and dites ressources. Le programme est centralis6 h llInstitut de industry to respond effectively to future Canadian coal gdologie skdimentaire et pktrolikre, Calgary. La recherche development opportunities. The ability of Canadian coal fournit les informations nkcessaires au gouvernement et h producers to provide a competitive product at a competitive I'industrie, afin de bien orienter les dkcisions dventuelles price in the future will depend, to a large degree, on relatives A la mise en valeur de ce combustible. Dans geological factors that affect the location, mineability and I'avenir, la capacitd des producteurs canadiens h livrer un character of Canadian coals. produit de qualitk h un prix compdtitif dipendra en grande partie des paramktres giologiques 9ui influencent This volume includes 21 papers that provide significant Itemplacement, I'exploitabilite et la qualite des ressources interim results from some current coal geoscience research canadiennes en charbon. that is being supported by the Geological Survey of Canada. The diversity of topics provides some indication of the scope Le prksent document comprend 21 ktudes qui donnent of the GSC's Coal Program. Co-authorship of several les rdsultats provisoires de quelques recherches en cours dans contributions, by geoscientists in the GSC, provincial le domaine du charbon, subventionndes par la Commission agencies, universities, and/or private companies, reflects the gdologique du Canada. La diversitk des sujets d'itude donne collaborative approach that is generally taken to achieve une idke de I'envergure du programme sur le charbon de la national coal geoscience objectives. CGC. La participation de plus d'un auteur la rkdaction de nombreux documents, notamment de gkoscientifiques de la The various agencies and companies that have directly CGC, d'organismes provinciaux, du milieu universitaire ou