DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ideology and Practices of Transnationalism in the Prussian East, 1871-1914

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Nations in Synthesis: the Ideology and Practices of Transnationalism in the Prussian East, 1871-1914 Mark Jonathan Breedon Tilse UCL Degree: PhD 1 UMI Number: U59134B All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U591343 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I, Mark Jonathan Breedon Tilse, confirm that the work presented in the thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract The subject of this thesis is the socio-political relationship between the German and Polish nationalities that inhabited the eastern Prussian provinces of Posen and West Prussia in the period 1871-1914. The thesis begins with an analysis of the paradigms hitherto employed to interpret the German-Polish relationship in the region, as well as a discussion of the branch of nationalism studies concerning borderlands and regions to which this study belongs. The dominant paradigm, both in the period and in historiography, has been of ‘conflict’. A national conflict existed throughout most of the nineteenth century, featuring social, economic and political dimensions. This research advances a new paradigm of ‘synthesis’: the social interaction between Germans and Poles produced qualitatively new identities, social structures, and cultures which transgressed the national divide, and as such, contravened the logic of nationalism as it existed in the region. Consequently, this research posits a dichotomy between ‘national’ and ‘transnational’ categories, and this distinction informs the overall structure of the thesis. It is the aim of this study to examine the extent and socio-political significance of transnational modes of thought and behaviour in the provinces of Posen and West Prussia. This research results in a distinct and original conception of ‘transnationalism’ as deviation from national categories. The thesis therefore represents a contribution to the theory and semantics of transnationalism. It also simultaneously contributes to the understanding of nationalism by demonstratinglimits the of nationalism, as an ideology and as a principle of community, and the potential for alternative social units to the nation. The central question of the thesis is explored according to four main facets of the German-Polish relationship: language and semantics, regional politics, marriage and sexual bonds, and cultural institutions. This research is based upon a diverse, and largely original, range of German, Polish and English language source material. The types of primary source material used include newspapers and journals, government and police files, novels, histories and academic studies, contemporary statistics, and political writings, polemics and memoirs. 3 Acknowledgements This research has been generously supported by the University of London Central Research Fund, the German History Society, the Royal Historical Society, the Sir Richard Stapley Educational Trust, the UCL Graduate School, and the Marie Curie fellowship programme of the European Doctorate in the Social History of Europe and the Mediterranean- “Building on the Past”. The author is very grateful to these bodies for their interest and support, without which this work would have been considerably more difficult to complete. In addition, he wishes to acknowledge the dedicated care of his supervisor, Dr Mark Hewitson, as well as the many other individuals who have contributed time and effort to this project. Of these, special mention should be made of Dr Lars Fischer, Dr Matthias Strohn, Dr Daniel Rudolph, Johanna, Juliane, and Christa Wallbaum, and the partners and fellows of the European Doctorate in the Social History of Europe and the Mediterranean. 4 Contents List of Maps and Tables 7 Introduction 9 Part I- Nationalism 24 Chapter 1: The Logic of Nationalism in the Prussian East 25 (i) Origins of the Interface 25 (ii) The National Conflict 34 (iii) Solutions of the Polish Question 51 (iv) Conclusion 61 Chapter 2: The Nationalization of Culture 63 (i) Kultur and the State 63 (ii) Institutions of Higher Learning 69 (iii) Libraries 79 (iv) Theatres 87 (v) Conclusion 94 Part II- The Cultures of Transnationalism 96 Chapter 3: The Language and Semantics of Transnationalism 97 (i) Bilingualism 97 (ii) The Semantics of Nationalism 115 (iii) Conclusion 125 Chapter 4: Marriage and Sex across the National Divide 127 (i) Quantification and Methodology 128 (ii) The Primacy of Confession 140 (iii) Mixed Marriage, Nationalism, and Race 153 (iv) Conclusion 174 Part III- The Politics of Transnationalism 176 Chapter 5: The Politics of the ‘Catholic-Polish Axis’ 177 (i) Origin and Ethos 177 (ii) Structure of the Axis 181 (iii) The ‘Confessional Conflict’ 188 (iv) Conclusion 198 Chapter 6: Germans, Poles, and the Socialist Movement 200 (i) Ideology 200 5 (ii) Organisational Structure and Political Experience 209 (iii) Conclusion 227 Conclusion 230 Appendix 242 Bibliography 245 6 List of Maps and Tables Tables I Populations of the Regencies of Posen and West Prussia by Nationality and Confession in 1861- p. 38 II Populations of the Regencies of Posen and West Prussia by Nationality and Confession on 1 December 1890- p. 39 III Principal Employment in Posen, West Prussia, and the Prussian State, 1882- 1907- p .40 IV Distribution of Nationalities among Principal Occupational Groups in Posen, 1882-1907 (%)- p. 45 V Distribution of Nationalities among Principal Occupational Groups in West Prussia, 1882-1907 (%)- p. 46 VI Language Distribution in Posen and West Prussia, 1849-1910- p. 99 VII Language of Children in the Elementary Schools of Posen and West Prussia, 1886-1911-p. 114 VIII Polish-German Marriage in the City of Posen, 1815-1848- p. 130 IX Catholic-Protestant Marriage in the City of Posen, 1815-1848- p. 130 X Total Mixed-Confession Marriages between Protestants and Roman Catholics in Posen and West Prussia, 1870 -1910- p. 132 XI Mixed-Confession Marriages between Protestants and Roman Catholics in the Rural Communities, 1870-1910-p. 133 XII Mixed-Confession Marriages between Protestants and Roman Catholics in the Towns, 1870-1910-p. 134 XIII German and Polish Marriages in Posen in 1911- p. 136 XIV Marriages between Germans and Poles in the City of Posen, 1905-1914- p. 137 XV Marriages between Protestants and Catholics in the City of Posen, 1905-1914- p. 138 7 XVI Relative Frequency of Mixed-Confession Marriage according to Gender- p. 139 XVII Confessional Status of the Children of Catholic-Protestant Marriage in Prussia on 1 December 1885- p. 150 XVIII Population Change of Catholics and Protestants in the Regencies of Posen and West Prussia, 1871-1900-p. 179 XIX Reichstag Mandates-Posen, 1871-1912-p. 182 XX Reichstag Mandates-West Prussia, 1871-1912-p. 182 XXI Landtag Abgeordnetenhaus Mandates-Posen, 1867-1913- p. 183 XXII Landtag Abgeordnetenhaus Mandates-West Prussia, 1867-1913- p. 183 XXIII Social Democrat Membership in the Provinces of Central and Eastern Prussia, 1906-1914- p. 222 XXIV Denomination and the Social Democrat Vote for the Reichstag in 1907- p. 225 A 1 Reichstag Mandates-Posen and West Prussia, 1871 -1912- p. 242 Maps A2 German and Polish Settlement in Posen and West Prussia, circa 1913- p. 244 8 Introduction In the close confines of today’s city of Posen, Germans and Poles treat each other like foreigners. (Moritz Jaff6,1909).‘ Poles and Germans were divided as two completely inimical Peoples; there was no contact between them. (Eugen Kuhnemann, 1937).2 Poles and Germans are so mixed together that a political division would harm the one or the other people. (Dietrich Schafer, 1913).3 In the back of Schulze’s farm sheds, they’re kicking up a row, the Polish ox is dancing with the German cow!4 It was the paradox of German-Polish history that Germans and Poles were at once enemies and lovers, strangers and friends; multiple forms of interaction structured the national relationship as it existed in the German Empire. The problematic at the centre of this paradox was not only a matter of hermeneutics, but also of the viability of a particular mode of social existence: the nation. In the German-Polish provinces this question became ever more critical as the two principal nationalities became increasingly embroiled in conflict during the latter decades of the nineteenth century. A radical and highly significant feature of this dialectic was that certain individuals and groups came to deviate from national categories of thought and behaviour, effecting the creation of ‘transnational’ modes of existence. It is the formation and political significance of these transnational practices and ideologies which is the subject of this study. 1 M. Jaffe,Die Stadt Posen unter preussischer Herrschaft: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des deutschen Ostens (Leipzig, 1909), p. 407. 2 Eugen Kuhnemann was the first rector of the Posen Academy, opened in 1903 as part of the government’s Germanization programme of the eastern provinces. E. Kuhnemann,Mit unbefangener Stirn. Mein Lebensbuch (Heilbronn, 1937), p. 130. 3 Deutscher Ostmarkenverein,Die deutsche Ostmark (Lissa, 1913), p. 62. 4 ‘Hinter Schulze’s Schuppen da giht’s lustig zu, tanzt der pul’sche Ochse mit der deutschen Kuh’. Popular rhyme of 18th century origin. Quoted in R. Arnold,Geschichte der deutschen Polenliteratur von den Anfangen bis 1800 (Halle, 1900), p. 8. 9 In relation to the Prussian East, the national relationship has been understood according to a number of interpretative paradigms which have structured both contemporary and historical understanding.
Recommended publications
  • The Oder-Neisse Line As Poland's Western Border

    The Oder-Neisse Line As Poland's Western Border

    Piotr Eberhardt Piotr Eberhardt 2015 88 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/ GPol.0007 April 2014 September 2014 Geographia Polonica 2015, Volume 88, Issue 1, pp. 77-105 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0007 INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES www.igipz.pan.pl www.geographiapolonica.pl THE ODER-NEISSE LINE AS POLAND’S WESTERN BORDER: AS POSTULATED AND MADE A REALITY Piotr Eberhardt Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw: Poland e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article presents the historical and political conditioning leading to the establishment of the contemporary Polish-German border along the ‘Oder-Neisse Line’ (formed by the rivers known in Poland as the Odra and Nysa Łużycka). It is recalled how – at the moment a Polish state first came into being in the 10th century – its western border also followed a course more or less coinciding with these same two rivers. In subsequent cen- turies, the political limits of the Polish and German spheres of influence shifted markedly to the east. However, as a result of the drastic reverse suffered by Nazi Germany, the western border of Poland was re-set at the Oder-Neisse Line. Consideration is given to both the causes and consequences of this far-reaching geopolitical decision taken at the Potsdam Conference by the victorious Three Powers of the USSR, UK and USA. Key words Oder-Neisse Line • western border of Poland • Potsdam Conference • international boundaries Introduction districts – one for each successor – brought the loss, at first periodically and then irrevo- At the end of the 10th century, the Western cably, of the whole of Silesia and of Western border of Poland coincided approximately Pomerania.
  • Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948

    Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948

    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r33q03k Author Eaton, Nicole M. Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 By Nicole M. Eaton A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Yuri Slezkine, chair Professor John Connelly Professor Victoria Bonnell Fall 2013 Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg–Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 © 2013 By Nicole M. Eaton 1 Abstract Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948 by Nicole M. Eaton Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Yuri Slezkine, Chair “Exclave: Politics, Ideology, and Everyday Life in Königsberg-Kaliningrad, 1928-1948,” looks at the history of one city in both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Russia, follow- ing the transformation of Königsberg from an East Prussian city into a Nazi German city, its destruction in the war, and its postwar rebirth as the Soviet Russian city of Kaliningrad. The city is peculiar in the history of Europe as a double exclave, first separated from Germany by the Polish Corridor, later separated from the mainland of Soviet Russia. The dissertation analyzes the ways in which each regime tried to transform the city and its inhabitants, fo- cusing on Nazi and Soviet attempts to reconfigure urban space (the physical and symbolic landscape of the city, its public areas, markets, streets, and buildings); refashion the body (through work, leisure, nutrition, and healthcare); and reconstitute the mind (through vari- ous forms of education and propaganda).
  • Introduction the Age of Biology

    Introduction the Age of Biology

    INTRODUCTION THE AGE OF BIOLOGY An organism is the product of its genetic constitution and its en- vironment . no matter how uniform plants are genotypically, they cannot be phenotypically uniform or reproducible, unless they have developed under strictly uniform conditions. — Frits Went, 1957 A LITERARY and cinematic sensation, Andy Weir’s The Martian is engi- neering erotica. The novel thrills with minute technical details of com- munications, rocket fuel, transplanetary orbital calculations, and botany. The action concerns a lone astronaut left on Mars struggling to survive for 1,425 days using only the materials that equipped a 6-person, 30-day mission. Food is an early crisis: the astronaut has only 400 days of meals plus 12 whole potatoes. Combining his expertise in botany and engineer- ing, the astronaut first works to create in his Mars habitat the perfect Earth conditions for his particular potatoes, namely, a temperature of 25.5°C, plenty of light, and 250 liters of water. Consequently, his potatoes grow at a predicted rate to maturity in 40 days, thus successfully conjur- ing sufficient food to last until his ultimate rescue at the end of the novel. Unlike so many of the technical details deployed throughout the novel, the ideal conditions for growing potatoes are just a factoid. Whereas readers of the novel get to discover how to make water in a process oc- cupying twenty pages, the discovery of the ideal growing conditions of the particular potatoes brought to Mars is given one line.1 Undoubtedly, making water from rocket fuel is tough, but getting a potato’s maximum 3 © 2017 University of Pittsburgh Press.
  • GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In

    GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In

    NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction.
  • The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade

    The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade

    Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 18 January 2017 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE PRUSSIAN CRUSADE The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade explores the archaeology and material culture of the Crusade against the Prussian tribes in the thirteenth century, and the subsequent society created by the Teutonic Order that lasted into the six- teenth century. It provides the first synthesis of the material culture of a unique crusading society created in the south-eastern Baltic region over the course of the thirteenth century. It encompasses the full range of archaeological data, from standing buildings through to artefacts and ecofacts, integrated with writ- ten and artistic sources. The work is sub-divided into broadly chronological themes, beginning with a historical outline, exploring the settlements, castles, towns and landscapes of the Teutonic Order’s theocratic state and concluding with the role of the reconstructed and ruined monuments of medieval Prussia in the modern world in the context of modern Polish culture. This is the first work on the archaeology of medieval Prussia in any lan- guage, and is intended as a comprehensive introduction to a period and area of growing interest. This book represents an important contribution to promot- ing international awareness of the cultural heritage of the Baltic region, which has been rapidly increasing over the last few decades. Aleksander Pluskowski is a lecturer in Medieval Archaeology at the University of Reading. Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00
  • Gustav Stenn

    Gustav Stenn

    Journal of Integrative JIPB Plant Biology Gustav Senn (1875–1945): The pioneer of chloroplast movement research Hironao Kataoka* Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University, 12-2, Kawauchi Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0862, Japan. physiologists and photobiologists, because Senn not only thoroughly classified and defined various types of light-induced chloroplast migration but also already described possible History interaction of different photoreceptor systems in Mougeotia more than 50 years before the discovery of phytochrome. This book also contains still useful experimental hints and over- Hironao Kataoka looked findings on the interaction between light and other *Correspondence: hironao. factors, such as temperature, water content, and nourishment. [email protected] After publishing this book, Senn retreated from the study of chloroplasts and became a researcher of the Greek philoso- Abstract Gustav Senn analyzed for the first time light- pher, Theophrastus. In this review, I introduce his biographical induced movement and arrangement of chloroplasts. Using background and then summarize some of his key research many plant species he performed physiological analyses of accomplishment. chloroplast migration in response to external stimuli, with Keywords: Chloroplast; Gustav Senn; Mougeotia; photomovement; emphasis on light. He determined light paths within a cell by Vaucheria measuring refractive indices and optical thickness of cellular Citation: Kataoka H (2015) Gustav Senn (1875–1945): The pioneer of compartments and confirmed that chloroplasts migrate chloroplast movement research. J Integr Plant Biol 57: 4–13. doi: 10.1111/ towards the region where the light intensity is optimum. After jipb.12311 6 to 7 years’ concentrated study, Senn published the famous Edited by: Tobias Baskin, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA “ fl Received Sept.
  • Polish National Identity Under Russian, Prussian, and Austro

    Polish National Identity Under Russian, Prussian, and Austro

    Three Paths to One State: Polish National Identity under Russian, Prussian, and Austro- Hungarian Occupation after 1863 Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Adam Wanter The Ohio State University June 2012 Project Advisor: Professor Jessie Labov, Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures 2 Table of Contents: Introduction 1 Section One: Background 7 Section Two: Composition 15 Section Three: Imperial History 22 Section Four: Political Ideologies and Political Figures 37 Conclusion 50 Bibliography 54 i Illustrations: Figure 1, map of Russian Poland 8 Figure 2, map of Austrian Poland 10 Figure 3, map of Prussian Poland 11 ii Introduction After over 100 years of foreign occupation by three different powers, a common Polish national identity was able to emerge and unite the three partitioned areas. How was this possible? What conditions existed that were able to bring together three separate and distinct areas together? This thesis will look into the development of Polish national identity in the three partitioned areas of Poland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in particular the role that imperial policy played in its formation. The purpose of this thesis is to carry out a comparative study of the three partitioned areas of Poland between roughly 1863 and the outbreak of World War I. Specifically, the thesis compares the effects of the three Imperial powers on the economic landscape of each region, as well as the environment in which Polish political thought, specifically different forms of Polish nationalism, emerged, analyzing how that environment help contribute to its development.
  • Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy

    Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy

    Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy How do democracies form and what makes them die? Daniel Ziblatt revisits this timely and classic question in a wide-ranging historical narrative that traces the evolution of modern political democracy in Europe from its modest beginnings in 1830s Britain to Adolf Hitler’s 1933 seizure of power in Weimar Germany. Based on rich historical and quantitative evidence, the book offers a major reinterpretation of European history and the question of how stable political democracy is achieved. The barriers to inclusive political rule, Ziblatt finds, were not inevitably overcome by unstoppable tides of socioeconomic change, a simple triumph of a growing middle class, or even by working class collective action. Instead, political democracy’s fate surprisingly hinged on how conservative political parties – the historical defenders of power, wealth, and privilege – recast themselves and coped with the rise of their own radical right. With striking modern parallels, the book has vital implications for today’s new and old democracies under siege. Daniel Ziblatt is Professor of Government at Harvard University where he is also a resident fellow of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies. He is also currently Fernand Braudel Senior Fellow at the European University Institute. His first book, Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism (2006) received several prizes from the American Political Science Association. He has written extensively on the emergence of democracy in European political history, publishing in journals such as American Political Science Review, Journal of Economic History, and World Politics.
  • Ost- U. Westpreußen Resources (Including Danzig) at the IGS Library

    Ost- U. Westpreußen Resources (Including Danzig) at the IGS Library

    Ost- u. WestPreußen Resources (including Danzig) at the IGS Library Introduction to East & West Prussia and Danzig The Map Guide to German Parish Registers series has five volumes devoted to this region, #44 through #48. The first two cover West Prussia, with #44 devoted to the Regierungsbezirk Danzig and #45 the RB Marienwerder. The last three are for East Prussia, and deal with RB Allenstein, RB Königsberg and RB Gumbinnen, respectively. A note from Mark F. Rabideau on OW-Preussen-L for 1 June 2015: As for the broader situation regarding Pommern records, I would guess there is a about a 80-90% record loss due to WW2 It is truly bleak. Westpreussen fared somewhat better; the record loss there is more on the order of ~40% across that former region. The bottom line is that the LDS records are most likely your best record source (currently). It may be that archion will eventually provide (in the future) some currently unavailable records (but that is hard to know for certain). See: http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Archion Region-wide Resources Online Research in former (pre-1945) German lands — http://www.heimat-der-vorfahren.de [O/W] Prussian Antiquarian Society (German) — http://www.prussia-gesellschaft.de Society: Verein für Familienforschung in O/WPr. — http://www.vffow.de/default.htm [To enter the online databases, Login Name = “Gast” & Passwort = “vffow”.] (former) East German Gen. Assoc. (German) — http://www.agoff.de German-Baltic Gen. Soc. (German) — http://www.dbgg.de/index.htm Researching Germans in today’s Poland — http://www.unsere-ahnen.de Forum on former areas — http://forum.ahnenforschung.net/archive/index.php/f-43.html Forum topics organized by Kreis — http://www.deutscheahnen.de/forum/ Placename listings — http://www.schuka.net/FamFo/HG/orte_a.htm http://www.schuka.net/FamFo/HG/Aemter-OWP.htm Placenames, translations from German to present-day Polish — https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_deutscher_Bezeichnungen_polnischer_Orte Family names — http://forum.naanoo.com/freeboard/board/index.php?userid=21893 Scots in E.
  • German Research Strategies and Sources for Eastern Provinces: Pomerania, Posen, Brandenburg, West Prussia, East Prussia, Silesia

    German Research Strategies and Sources for Eastern Provinces: Pomerania, Posen, Brandenburg, West Prussia, East Prussia, Silesia

    German Research Strategies and Sources for Eastern Provinces: Pomerania, Posen, Brandenburg, West Prussia, East Prussia, Silesia Careen Barrett-Valentine, AG® ALWAYS START WITH GAZETTEERS • www.meyersgaz.org Digitized Meyer’s gazetteer online o German Empire jurisdictions are at the top of the entry page. o Click on map to see historical map. Click on “Toggle Historical Map” to see modern map. o Tutorial available soon www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/”How_to”_Guides_for_International_Research • www.kartenmeister.com Gazetteer of German Empire locations not in modern Germany. o Scroll downenter “German City Name”Choose entry o Modern Polish province name provided. Use GoogleMaps for other Polish jurisdictions. o Note “Lutheran Parish”, “Catholic Parish”, and “Civil Registry”. GENERAL RESOURCES: These resources should be used for research in all of the eastern provinces. • www.familysearch.org Germany records databases o “Search””Records”Click on Europe on the mapChoose “Germany” o Read list of “Indexed Historical Records” AND “Image Only Historical Records” o Browse ALL databases. Indexes are sometimes incomplete and always only as good as the indexer. • www.baza.archiwa.gov.pl/sezam/pradziad.php?l=en The PRADZIAD Database o Enter locality”Search”Scroll down”more” o Note dates, record type, and archive. Use GoogleTranslate for “remarks”. • www.szukajwarchiwach.pl Polish “Archival resources online” o Search for digitized and non-digitized records o Tutorial, www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Poland_”How_to”_Guides “Polish State Archives Online” • www.lostshoebox.com “Online Records for Poland” o Right side“Countries””Online Records for Poland” o The map shows you which websites to use. The list below the map describes the websites.
  • The Ashgate Research Companion to Imperial Germany ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION

    The Ashgate Research Companion to Imperial Germany ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION

    ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION THE ASHGatE RESEarCH COMPANION TO IMPERIAL GERMANY ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION The Ashgate Research Companions are designed to offer scholars and graduate students a comprehensive and authoritative state-of-the-art review of current research in a particular area. The companions’ editors bring together a team of respected and experienced experts to write chapters on the key issues in their speciality, providing a comprehensive reference to the field. The Ashgate Research Companion to Imperial Germany Edited by MattHEW JEFFERIES University of Manchester, UK © Matthew Jefferies 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Matthew Jefferies has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East 110 Cherry Street Union Road Suite 3-1 Farnham Burlington, VT 05401-3818 Surrey, GU9 7PT USA England www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Ashgate research companion to Imperial Germany / edited by Matthew Jefferies. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4094-3551-8 (hardcover) – ISBN 978-1-4094-3552-5
  • Protection of Minorities in Upper Silesia

    Protection of Minorities in Upper Silesia

    [Distributed to the Council.] Official No. : C-422. I 932 - I- Geneva, May 30th, 1932. LEAGUE OF NATIONS PROTECTION OF MINORITIES IN UPPER SILESIA PETITION FROM THE “ASSOCIATION OF POLES IN GERMANY”, SECTION I, OF OPPELN, CONCERNING THE SITUATION OF THE POLISH MINORITY IN GERMAN UPPER SILESIA Note by the Secretary-General. In accordance with the procedure established for petitions addressed to the Council of the League of Nations under Article 147 of the Germano-Polish Convention of May 15th, 1922, concerning Upper Silesia, the Secretary-General forwarded this petition with twenty appendices, on December 21st, 1931, to the German Government for its observations. A fter having obtained from the Acting-President of the Council an extension of the time­ limit fixed for the presentation of its observations, the German Government forwarded them in a letter dated March 30th, 1932, accompanied by twenty-nine appendices. The Secretary-General has the honour to circulate, for the consideration of the Council, the petition and the observations of the German Government with their respective appendices. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page I Petition from the “Association of Poles in Germany”, Section I, of Oppeln, con­ cerning the Situation of the Polish Minority in German Upper Silesia . 5 A ppendices to th e P e t i t i o n ................................................................................................................... 20 II. O bservations of th e G erm an G o v e r n m e n t.................................................................................... 9^ A ppendices to th e O b s e r v a t i o n s ...............................................................................................................I03 S. A N. 400 (F.) 230 (A.) 5/32.