Gustav Stenn
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Introduction the Age of Biology
INTRODUCTION THE AGE OF BIOLOGY An organism is the product of its genetic constitution and its en- vironment . no matter how uniform plants are genotypically, they cannot be phenotypically uniform or reproducible, unless they have developed under strictly uniform conditions. — Frits Went, 1957 A LITERARY and cinematic sensation, Andy Weir’s The Martian is engi- neering erotica. The novel thrills with minute technical details of com- munications, rocket fuel, transplanetary orbital calculations, and botany. The action concerns a lone astronaut left on Mars struggling to survive for 1,425 days using only the materials that equipped a 6-person, 30-day mission. Food is an early crisis: the astronaut has only 400 days of meals plus 12 whole potatoes. Combining his expertise in botany and engineer- ing, the astronaut first works to create in his Mars habitat the perfect Earth conditions for his particular potatoes, namely, a temperature of 25.5°C, plenty of light, and 250 liters of water. Consequently, his potatoes grow at a predicted rate to maturity in 40 days, thus successfully conjur- ing sufficient food to last until his ultimate rescue at the end of the novel. Unlike so many of the technical details deployed throughout the novel, the ideal conditions for growing potatoes are just a factoid. Whereas readers of the novel get to discover how to make water in a process oc- cupying twenty pages, the discovery of the ideal growing conditions of the particular potatoes brought to Mars is given one line.1 Undoubtedly, making water from rocket fuel is tough, but getting a potato’s maximum 3 © 2017 University of Pittsburgh Press. -
Benjamin Minge Duggar
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BEN J AMIN MINGE D UGGAR 1872—1956 A Biographical Memoir by J . C . W A L K E R Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1958 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. BENJAMIN MINGE DUGGAR September i, 1872—September io, 1956 BY J. C. WALKER HEN BENJAMIN MINGE DUGGAR passed away on September 10, W1956, at New Haven, Connecticut, he was well along in the seventh decade of his scientific activity. Few scientists have con- tributed over so long a period in so many areas of biological science. His mother, Margaret Louisa (Minge) Duggar, was the daughter of a plantation owner in eastern Virginia. His father, Reuben Henry Duggar, was a native of central Alabama where he practiced medi- cine, primarily in the rural areas. He served a term of duty in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. Benjamin Minge Duggar, the fourth of six sons, was born on September 1, 1872, at Gallion, Alabama. His secondary education was gained in the local school and under private tutors. That he was a precocious youth is shown by the fact that he entered the Univer- sity of Alabama within a few days of his fifteenth birthday. After two years at that institution he transferred to the Mississippi Agri- cultural and Mechanical College (now Mississippi State College), near Starkville, Mississippi. This transfer would lead one to surmise that he had developed an early interest in agricultural science. -
Mr. Bloomfield's Orchard : the Mysterious World of Mushrooms
Mr. Bloomfield’s Orchard: The Mysterious World of Mushrooms, Molds, and Mycologists NICHOLAS P. MONEY OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Mr. Bloomfield’s Orchard This page intentionally left blank Mr. Bloomfield’s Orchard The Mysterious World of Mushrooms, Molds, and Mycologists NICHOLAS P. MONEY 1 2002 1 Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and an associated company in Berlin Copyright © 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Money, Nicholas P. Mr. Bloomfield’s orchard : a personal view of fungal biology / Nicholas P. Money. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-19-515457-6 1. Fungi. I. Title. QK603 .M59 2002 579.5—dc21 2002072654 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid free paper For Terence Ingold and his jewels This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface ix CHAPTER 1 Offensive Phalli and Frigid Caps 1 CHAPTER 2 Insidious Killers 21 CHAPTER 3 What Lies Beneath 45 CHAPTER 4 Metamorphosis 65 CHAPTER 5 The Odd Couple 87 CHAPTER 6 Ingold’s Jewels 107 CHAPTER 7 Siren Songs 129 CHAPTER 8 Angels of Death 151 CHAPTER 9 Mr. -
Plant Physiology, Big Science, and a Cold War Biology of the Whole Plant
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research John Jay College of Criminal Justice 2015 The phytotronist and the phenotype: plant physiology, big science, and a Cold War biology of the whole plant. David Munns CUNY John Jay College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_pubs/30 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 50 (2015) 29e40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/shpsc The phytotronist and the phenotype: Plant physiology, Big Science, and a Cold War biology of the whole plant David P.D. Munns Department of History, John Jay College, The City University of New York, 524 W. 59th St., New York, NY 10019, USA article info abstract Article history: This paper describes how, from the early twentieth century, and especially in the early Cold War era, the plant Available online 9 February 2015 physiologists considered their discipline ideally suited among all the plant sciences to study and explain biological functions and processes, and ranked their discipline among the dominant forms of the biological Keywords: sciences. At their apex in the late-1960s, the plant physiologists laid claim to having discovered nothing less Plant physiology than the “basic laws of physiology.” This paper unwraps that claim, showing that it emerged from the con- Phytotron struction of monumental big science laboratories known as phytotrons that gave control over the growing Botany environment. -
The Ideology and Practices of Transnationalism in the Prussian East, 1871-1914
Nations in Synthesis: the Ideology and Practices of Transnationalism in the Prussian East, 1871-1914 Mark Jonathan Breedon Tilse UCL Degree: PhD 1 UMI Number: U59134B All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U591343 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I, Mark Jonathan Breedon Tilse, confirm that the work presented in the thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract The subject of this thesis is the socio-political relationship between the German and Polish nationalities that inhabited the eastern Prussian provinces of Posen and West Prussia in the period 1871-1914. The thesis begins with an analysis of the paradigms hitherto employed to interpret the German-Polish relationship in the region, as well as a discussion of the branch of nationalism studies concerning borderlands and regions to which this study belongs. The dominant paradigm, both in the period and in historiography, has been of ‘conflict’. A national conflict existed throughout most of the nineteenth century, featuring social, economic and political dimensions.