Benjamin Minge Duggar
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Introduction the Age of Biology
INTRODUCTION THE AGE OF BIOLOGY An organism is the product of its genetic constitution and its en- vironment . no matter how uniform plants are genotypically, they cannot be phenotypically uniform or reproducible, unless they have developed under strictly uniform conditions. — Frits Went, 1957 A LITERARY and cinematic sensation, Andy Weir’s The Martian is engi- neering erotica. The novel thrills with minute technical details of com- munications, rocket fuel, transplanetary orbital calculations, and botany. The action concerns a lone astronaut left on Mars struggling to survive for 1,425 days using only the materials that equipped a 6-person, 30-day mission. Food is an early crisis: the astronaut has only 400 days of meals plus 12 whole potatoes. Combining his expertise in botany and engineer- ing, the astronaut first works to create in his Mars habitat the perfect Earth conditions for his particular potatoes, namely, a temperature of 25.5°C, plenty of light, and 250 liters of water. Consequently, his potatoes grow at a predicted rate to maturity in 40 days, thus successfully conjur- ing sufficient food to last until his ultimate rescue at the end of the novel. Unlike so many of the technical details deployed throughout the novel, the ideal conditions for growing potatoes are just a factoid. Whereas readers of the novel get to discover how to make water in a process oc- cupying twenty pages, the discovery of the ideal growing conditions of the particular potatoes brought to Mars is given one line.1 Undoubtedly, making water from rocket fuel is tough, but getting a potato’s maximum 3 © 2017 University of Pittsburgh Press. -
Gustav Stenn
Journal of Integrative JIPB Plant Biology Gustav Senn (1875–1945): The pioneer of chloroplast movement research Hironao Kataoka* Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University, 12-2, Kawauchi Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0862, Japan. physiologists and photobiologists, because Senn not only thoroughly classified and defined various types of light-induced chloroplast migration but also already described possible History interaction of different photoreceptor systems in Mougeotia more than 50 years before the discovery of phytochrome. This book also contains still useful experimental hints and over- Hironao Kataoka looked findings on the interaction between light and other *Correspondence: hironao. factors, such as temperature, water content, and nourishment. [email protected] After publishing this book, Senn retreated from the study of chloroplasts and became a researcher of the Greek philoso- Abstract Gustav Senn analyzed for the first time light- pher, Theophrastus. In this review, I introduce his biographical induced movement and arrangement of chloroplasts. Using background and then summarize some of his key research many plant species he performed physiological analyses of accomplishment. chloroplast migration in response to external stimuli, with Keywords: Chloroplast; Gustav Senn; Mougeotia; photomovement; emphasis on light. He determined light paths within a cell by Vaucheria measuring refractive indices and optical thickness of cellular Citation: Kataoka H (2015) Gustav Senn (1875–1945): The pioneer of compartments and confirmed that chloroplasts migrate chloroplast movement research. J Integr Plant Biol 57: 4–13. doi: 10.1111/ towards the region where the light intensity is optimum. After jipb.12311 6 to 7 years’ concentrated study, Senn published the famous Edited by: Tobias Baskin, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA “ fl Received Sept. -
Texas Root Rot Compiled by Chris Anderson (NSW DPI)
Fact sheet Texas root rot Compiled by Chris Anderson (NSW DPI) What is Texas root rot? Texas root rot, caused by the fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, is one of the most destructive fungal plant diseases. It is a soil-borne fungus that attacks the roots of susceptible plants. It causes sudden wilt and death of affected plants, usually during the warmer months. Texas root rot affects over 2000 species of plants. It is an important disease of cotton as well as alfalfa, Chris Anderson, I&I NSW grapes, fruit trees, and many ornamentals. Cotton plants infected with Texas root rot fungus, which have developed yellow, wilting leaves What does it look like? Plants initially wilt during hot weather as the rotted roots are unable to take up enough water and the stem may become girdled at soil level. Soon after this the plant will die. The dead leaves usually remain attached to the plant. At this stage, the roots are dead and their surface is covered with a network of white to tan fungal strands. Affected areas expand to form circular patches of dead plants. What can it be confused with? Chris Anderson, I&I NSW Tractor driver’s view of severely damaged cotton field Sudden wilt, Fusarium wilt and lightning strike. What should I look for? In the field, look for patches of dead and dying plants (often with the dead leaves still attached). Patches may expand in a circular pattern during warm weather as the fungus spreads through the soil from plant to plant. Dead plants should be pulled up and examined for the presence of white to tan fungal strands on the roots and girdling of the stem at ground level. -
PLANT SCIENCE Bulletin Fall 2014 Volume 60 Number 3
PLANT SCIENCE Bulletin Fall 2014 Volume 60 Number 3 Scientists proudly state their profession! In This Issue.............. Botany 2014 in Boise: a fantastic The season of awards......p. 119 Rutgers University. combating event......p.114 plant blindness.....p. 159 From the Editor Reclaim the name: #Iamabotanist is the latest PLANT SCIENCE sensation on the internet! Well, perhaps this is a bit of BULLETIN an overstatement, but for those of us in the discipline, Editorial Committee it is a real ego boost and a bit of ground truthing. We do identify with our specialties and subdisciplines, Volume 60 but the overarching truth that we have in common Christopher Martine is that we are botanists! It is especially timely that (2014) in this issue we publish two articles directly relevant Department of Biology to reclaiming the name. “Reclaim” suggests that Bucknell University there was something very special in the past that Lewisburg, PA 17837 perhaps has lost its luster and value. A century ago [email protected] botany was a premier scientific discipline in the life sciences. It was taught in all the high schools and most colleges and universities. Leaders of the BSA Carolyn M. Wetzel were national leaders in science and many of them (2015) had their botanical roots in Cornell University, as Biology Department well documented by Ed Cobb in his article “Cornell Division of Health and University Celebrates its Botanical Roots.” While Natural Sciences Cornell is exemplary, many institutions throughout Holyoke Community College the country, and especially in the Midwest, were 303 Homestead Ave leading botany to a position of distinction in the Holyoke, MA 01040 development of U.S. -
Cotton Root Rot (Phymatotrichopsis Root Rot) and Its Management
PLPA-FC010-2016 COTTON ROOT ROT (PHYMATOTRICHOPSIS ROOT ROT) AND ITS MANAGEMENT Phymatotrichopsis root rot (also known as cotton root rot, Phymatotrichum root rot, Texas root rot and Ozonium root There is white to brown fungal growth on the surface of rot) is a major fungal disease of cotton occurring within large main roots near the lower stem, consisting of strands areas of Texas and Arizona, causing annual losses in Texas and a loose, cottony growth just below the soil surface alone of up to $29 million. The causal fungus is soilborne (Fig. 3). and has a host range of more than 1800 dicot plants. This disease only occurs in the southwestern United States and several northern states of Mexico. There has been no expansion of geographic range of the disease within North America. Diagnosis and Impact The disease develops late in the spring or early summer, as soil temperatures approach 82°F. About a day before the onset of visible symptoms , the leaves of infected plants feel noticeably hotter than surrounding, non-infected plants. The Fig. 3 Growth of cotton root rot fungus on root and first visible symptom is wilting (Fig. 1), which becomes base of stem. permanent by the third day, Wilt is usually seen when plants are flowering, sometimes earlier in the season, but not when plants are seedlings. A large number of plants may wilt simultaneously, but even within an affected area, wilting among plants is not simultaneous, sometimes occurring weeks apart. It is also possible to see non- symptomatic plants surrounded by diseased plants. -
Biological Bulletin
Vol. 115, No. 1 August, 1958 THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN PUBLISHED BY THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY SIXTIETH REPORT, FOR THE YEAR 1957—SEvENTIETH YEAR I. TRUSTEES AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (AS OF AUGUST 10, 1957) 1 STANDING COMMITTEES II. ACT OF INCORPORATION 3 III. BY-LAWS OF THE CORPORATION 4 IV. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 6 Statement 7 Memorials 8 Addenda: 1. The Staff 12 2. Investigators,Lalorand Lillie Fellows,and Students 15 3. Fellowships and Scholarships 24 4. Tabular View of Attendance, 1953—1957 24 5. Institutions Represented 25 6. Evening Lectures 26 7. Shorter Scientific Papers (Seminars) 26 8. Members of the Corporation 28 V. Report of the LIBRARIAN 46 VI. REPORT OF THE TREASURER 47 I. TRUSTEES EX OFFICIO GERARDSWOPE,JR., President of the Corporation, 570 Lexington Ave., New York City A. K. PARPART,Vice President of the Corporation, Princeton University PHILIP B. ARMSTRONG, Director, State University of New York, Medical Center at Syracuse C. LLOYDCLAFF,Clerk of the Corporation, Randolph, Mass. JAMES H. WIcKERSHAM, Treasurer, 530 Fifth Ave., New York City EMERITI EUGENE DUBOIS, Cornell University Medical College G. H. A. CLOWES,LillyResearch Laboratory W. C. CURTIS,University of Missouri 2 MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PAUL S. GALTSOFF, Woods Hole, Mass. Ross G. HARRISON, Yale University E. B. HARVEY,48 Cleveland Lane, Princeton, N. J. M. H. JACoBs,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine F. P. KNOWLTON,Syracuse University W. J. V. OSTERHOUT,Rockefeller Institute CHARLES PACKARD, Woods Hole, Mass. LAWRASON RIGGS, 74 Trinity Place, New York 6, N. Y. TO SERVE UNTIL 1961 D. -
Phymatotrichum Omni- Vorum
PERSISTENT STRANDS OF THE COTTON ROOT-ROT FUNGUS IN TEXAS' By HoMHR C. MCNAMARA, associate agronomist^ and R. E. WESTER and K. C. GuNN, assistant scientific aids, Division of Cotton and Other Fiber Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION The ability of the cotton root-rot fungus (Phymatotrichum omni- vorum (Shear) Dug.) (2) ^ to remain in the soil in a viable and infec- tious condition for a period of years, even when the fields are planted to nonsusceptible crops or kept in clean fallow, has been a problem of much concern to all mvestigators of this disease. Further observa- tions on the ability of this fungus to perpetuate itself in the soil for long periods were made possible during the summer of 1932, when plots that had been in clean fallow for several years or planted to nonsusceptible crops were returned to cotton. Even after a 5-year clean fallow, several centers of infection appeared in a half-acre plot during July and August. In the planning of experimental work on the control of cotton root rot, the nature and stage of the organism that is being dealt with must be considered. Clean fallows covering from 1 to 5 years and the use of nonsusceptible crops on infested areas have furnished con- ditions under which it has been possible to study the fungus in the soil on both cropped and uncropped plots. The colloidal nature of the Wilson and Houston clay soils presented special opportunities for studying the fungus in its natural state of growth. -
Septal Characteristics and General Ultrastructure of Phymatotrichum Omnivorum (Shear) Duggar
Septal characteristics and general ultrastructure of Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Shear) Duggar Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Dong, Sophie, 1952- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 18:41:54 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/348212 SEPTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GENERAL ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PRYMATOTRICHUM OMNIVORUM (SHEAR) DUGGAR by - Sophie Dong A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 7 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has. been submitted in partial fulfillment of re quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar ship, In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED s_ I?- APPROVED BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: g / W 7 7 H. -
© Copyright Jennifer Leigh Hansen, January, 2017. All Rights Reserved. PERMISSION to USE
ECOLOGICAL THOUGHT AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, 1904 A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By JENNIFER LEIGH HANSEN © Copyright Jennifer Leigh Hansen, January, 2017. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis/dissertation in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History 9 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 Canada OR Dean College of Graduate Studies and Research University of Saskatchewan 107 Administration Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A2 Canada i ABSTRACT Ecological thought shows remarkable continuity since 1800. -
Hunt Institute Staff Have Collected and Indexed Portraits of and Biographical Information About Individuals Involved in the Plant Sciences
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Vol. 26, No. 2 Bulletin Fall 2014 of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation Inside Welcome to www.huntbotanical.org 4 Dangerous Beauty 4 2015 Associates Home page for our redesigned Web site at its new URL. on display program See story on page 9. 4 Benjamin Minge 4 In Memoriam Duggar papers Walter H. Hodge News from the Art Department Dangerous Beauty opens The exhibition Dangerous Beauty: appendages found on some plants. example by Marilena Pistoia (below Thorns, Spines and Prickles began, for Thorns are modified stems, spines are left) beautifully illustrates the contrast me, with a fascination with thistles, modified leaves, and prickles differ in between delicate pink and white flower the pesky but beautiful weed I grew that they emerge from the epidermis, and very sharp thorn, shiny and waxy- up hating in the fields near my home mesophyll or cortex of the plant. Not green like the stem. in Colorado. These weeds would take to be overlooked, hairs are superficial, over the fields, making them impossible cellular structures that emerge from In one of our spiny examples, a to walk through without injury, but I the epidermis and also can be powerful Dipsacus, or teasel, nearly reaches off couldn’t help loving the rich purple defensive tools. I was again fascinated the wall to grab the viewer with its of the flower and the softness of the to discover the old adage is wrong; roses elongated bracts as depicted in this downy seeds. Coming to Carnegie do NOT have thorns at all but instead coiled, dried plant stage by Celia Mellon, where the Scottish thistle have prickles. -
Ournal of Botany 93(7): 942-952
American Journal of Botany 93(7): 942-952. 2006. Jub ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF AMERICAN BOTANY: A SHORT HISTORY anc Del OF THE BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1 the for VASSIUK] B ETTY S MOCOVITIS Ew fiel ThE Department of Zoology and Department of History, University of FIOIi da, Gainesville, Florida 326 1I USA wa: ThE This paper offers highlights from the 100 (plus) years of the Botanical Society of America (BSA) and draws extensively on the rest archives of the BSA, In addit ion to examining the foundin g of the society and the attempt to " professionalize" botany in late 19th century America, the paper also explores the comp lex relations between the BSA and a number of related societies in the United apr States, the Society's struggle to create a coherent identity for itself, the place of botany as a who le in the context of the burgeoni ng rig! biological sciences in the 20lh centu ry, and the changing role of the BSA in an international context. The paper assesses both the em achievements and the challenges facing the BSA. It closes by offering some historical reflections on the status of "botany" as bot a science and the historical significance of terms like " plant biology" and "plant science." eXI Ge Key words: American botany; Botanical Society of America; history of botany; scientific society. for the elit ".. " the number of real botanists is increasing in this country by year." itself to shifting conditions, some of which led to the collapse - F. C. Newcombe 10 Erwin Frink Smith, 18 August /895 of other less adaptab le societies, It has, in short, demonstrated be! the kind of evolution ary history well known to students of plant ,,, Botanical' is good! It fits a downsized world because it has primary An producers in its portfolio." evo lutionary biology. -
Texas Root Rot FS Viticulture
Fact sheet Texas root rot What is it? Texas root rot, caused by the fungus Phymatotrichum omnivora, is one of the most destructive fungal plant diseases. It causes sudden wilt and death of affected plants, usually during the warmer months. It is a soil-borne fungus that attacks the roots of susceptible plants. Texas root rot affects over 2000 species of plants including fruit and nut trees, oleander and roses. This is an important disease of cotton, alfalfa, grapes, fruit trees, and many ornamentals. All varieties of grapes are susceptible, but Vitis vinifera varieties seem to be exceptionally susceptible. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona Plant Pathology,Department of of University © What do I look for? Grapevines affected by Texas root rot As the damaged roots are unable to take up enough water to maintain the plant in warm weather, symptoms only become obvious during the summer. The leaves wilt and the plant dies. University of Arizona of University The dead leaves usually remain attached to the plant. At this stage, the roots are dead and their surface is covered with a network of tan fungal strands. Affected areas expand to form circular areas of dead plants. Department of Plant Pathology,Department of © Mycelial strands of Texas root rot How does it spread? Locally, the disease spreads from infected to healthy roots via fungal strands which grow through the soil. Long-distance spread most often occurs through the movement of soil or roots of infected host plants. The fungus does not spread readily from one location to another. Bugwood.org Where is it found? S.D.