Die Offiziumskompositionen Von Alessandro Scarlatti

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Die Offiziumskompositionen Von Alessandro Scarlatti Benedikt Poensgen Die Offiziumskompositionen von Alessandro Scarlatti I. Band: Zur Biographie und zu den Offiziumskompositionen Alessandro Scarlattis DIE OFFIZIUMSKOMPOSITIONEN VON ALESSANDRO SCARLATTI I. Band: Zur Biographie und zu den Offiziumskompositionen Alessandro Scarlattis Dissertation zur Erlangung der Würde des Doktors der Philosophie der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von BENEDIKT JOHANNES POENSGEN aus Düsseldorf Hamburg 2004 1. Gutachterin: Frau Priv. Doz. Dr. Dorothea Schröder 2. Gutachter: Herr Professor Dr. Hans-Joachim Marx Tag des Vollzugs der Promotion: 15. Dezember 2004 Inhalt Einleitung VI I. Zur Biographie von Alessandro Scarlatti unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Karriere als maestro di cappella in Rom und Neapel 1. Palermo und Rom, 1660-1683 1 2. Neapel, 1683-1703 11 3. Rom und Florenz, 1703-1709 24 4. Neapel und Rom, 1709-1725 43 II. Quellenkritische Untersuchungen an den autographen Handschriften mit einer Analyse der Entwicklung der Notenschrift Alessandro Scarlattis 1. Die datierten Autographe 1.1. Salve Regina [I], Februar 1703 60 1.2. Nisi Dominus [I], [1708] 68 1.3. Exultate Deo, [1708] 71 1.4. Cantantibus organis [I], 1720; Laetatus sum [II], 1721; 76 Lauda Jerusalem, [1721]; Nisi Dominus [III], [vor 1716] 2. Die undatierten Autographe 2.1. Laudate pueri [II] 98 2.2. Dixit Dominus [II] 103 III. Quellenkritische Untersuchungen an den Abschriften der Offiziums- kompositionen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Überlieferungs- geschichte der einzelnen Handschriften 1. Die datierten zeitgenössischen Abschriften 1.1. Domenico Scarlatti 112 1.2. Tommaso Altavilla 119 1.3. Kopist IX 124 1.4. Antonio Angelini und die Kopisten I, III und VIII 126 1.5. Kopist V und Kopist VI 133 2. Die undatierten zeitgenössischen Abschriften 2.1. Kopist II 137 2.2. Kopist IV 138 2.3. Kopist VII 140 2.4. Kopist X 143 2.5. Kopist XI 143 2.6. Kopist XII 145 2.7. Kopist XIII 148 2.8. Antonio Angelini und Kopist XIV 150 2.9. Kopist XV 154 2.10. Kopist XVI 155 3. Die Abschriften aus dem 2. und 3. Drittel des 18. Jahrhunderts 3.1. Kopist XIX 158 3.2. Kopist XXVII 160 3.3. Die Kopisten XXIV, XXV und XXVIII 162 3.4. Kopist XXXIV 168 3.5. Kopist XXXV 169 4. Die Abschriften aus dem 19. Jahrhundert 4.1. Georg Raphael Kiesewetter 171 4.2. Julius Joseph Maier 173 4.3. Carl Proske 178 4.4. Fortunato Santini 178 4.5. Giuseppe Sigismondo 181 4.6. Kopisten XVIII und XXX 182 IV. Stilistische Untersuchungen an ausgewählten konzertanten Offiziums- kompositionen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Caecilienvesper 1. Die konzertanten Psalmen mit Instrumentalbegleitung 1.1. Laudate Dominum omnes gentes 184 1.2. Nisi Dominus [II] 187 1.3. Dixit Dominus [IV] 190 1.4. Die konzertanten Psalmvertonungen der Caecilienvesper 193 1.5. Die Miserere mei Deus-Vertonungen 203 2. Die Cantica-, Hymnus- und Te Deum-Vertonungen 2.1. Vexilla regis [I] und Magnificat [III] 205 2.2. Das Magnificat [I] der Caecilienvesper 209 2.3. Jesu corona virginum 212 2.4. Te Deum 215 2.5. Stabat Mater [I] 220 3. Die konzertanten Offiziumsantiphonen 3.1. Cantantibus organis [I] und Valerianus in cubiculo [I] 224 3.2. Salve Regina [II], [III], [IV] und [V] 227 V. Zusammenfassung 236 Verzeichnis der Abbildungen 246 Verzeichnis der Notenbeispiele 249 Literaturverzeichnis 251 Alla nobile, Insigne Assemblea de Pastori d’Arcadia; in occasione d’haver dato luogo nella medesima a Terpandro Palermitano Compositore di Musica. In Roma 28. aprile 1706 Sonetto A voi, del Ciel d’Arcadia Astri canori, La Musa di Terpandro umil s’inchina; Mentre innalzar voleste a insigni onori Lei, d’ogni merto ignuda, e Pellegrina. E già che il piede a’ vostri verdi Allori, Riverente, e devota, ella avvicina; Spera ben di fugar suoi foschi errori, Al sol, che splende in voi d’alta dottrina. Sciolgasi pur l’Invidia, e la mordace Lingua di Momo a lacerar suo vanto; Ch’ella gl’Angui non teme, e ‘l dir fallace. Poi che sciogliendo voi il dolce Canto Di perfetta Armonia, che alletta e piace, Date alla lira sua forza d’incanto. [a lato:] Terpandro Palermitano, devotissimo servo e Compastore Alessandro Scarlatti Maestro di Musica I-Ra, ms. Arcadia 11, c. 139r. zitiert nach: Fabrizio Della Seta, La Musica in Arcadia al tempo di Corelli, in: Nuovissimi Studi Corelliani (=Atti del terzo congresso internazionale), hg. v. S. Durante und P. Petrobelli, Firenze 1982, S. 143. V Einleitung Die Opern, Oratorien und Kantaten Alessandro Scarlattis wurden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion und in der Musikpraxis wiederholt untersucht und gewürdigt1. Seine liturgische Musik und hierbei im Besonderen die Vesperkompositionen sind dagegen bis heute fast unbeachtet geblieben, und dies, obwohl schon die unmittelbar auf Scarlatti folgende Komponistengeneration besonders dessen geistliche Musik schätzte2. So zitiert Ernst Ludwig Gerber in seinem Historisch-biographischen Lexicon der Tonkünstler bei einer Bewertung der Kirchenmusik Scarlattis den Komponisten J.A. Hasse mit den Worten: Durante verdiene nicht den ersten Platz, dieser komme dem Alex. Scarlatti zu3. Diese Bemerkung Hasses, des einzigen bedeutenden Schülers Scarlattis4, ist in zweifacher Hinsicht von Interesse. Zum einen wertet sie bewusst die Stellung der Kirchenmusik Scarlattis im Kontext seiner Zeitgenossen. Zum anderen ist das Urteil Hasses von besonderer Bedeutung, da Hasse der Zeitgenosse Scarlattis ist, mit dem sich nach Strohm jede Interpretation des Stilwandels in Opern- und Kirchenmusik des frühen 1 Alessandro Scarlatti bleibt aber in Bezug auf Sekundärliteratur, Ausgaben und Aufführungen seiner Werke einer der unterrepräsentierten Komponisten seiner Zeit. So stellt Carole F. Vidali im Jahr 1993 in einem Guide to Research zu Alessandro und Domenico Scarlatti fest, dass es weiterhin keinen thematic catalog or critical edition of all the works nor even a single collected edition of his over 600 authenticated cantatas gibt. Vgl. Carole F. Vidali, Alessandro and Domenico Scarlatti, A Guide to Research (=Garland Composer Resource Manuals, Vol. 34), New York 1993, S. XVII. Im Folgenden werden nach einer ersten vollständigen Titelangabe allein der Name des Autors und das Jahr der Veröffentlichung genannt. 2 Überliefert ist etwa in Burneys Tagebuch einer musikalischen Reise die hohe Meinung von J.A. Hasse, die dieser von der Kirchenmusik Scarlattis hatte. Hier heißt es, dass Scarlattis Kirchenkompositionen, sowenig sie auch bekannt wären, unter seinen Arbeiten und vielleicht überhaupt das beste sei, was man in der Art hätte. Vgl. Charles Burney, Tagebuch einer musikalischen Reise, Reprint: Leipzig 1968, S. 329, Anm. 21. 3 Vgl. Ernst Ludwig Gerber, Historisch-biographisches Lexicon der Tonkünstler, 2 Bde., Leipzig 1790-1792, Sp. 365. Zur historisch-ästhetischen Stellung der Kirchenmusik neapolitanischer Meister der Bach-Händel-Generation vgl. den gleichnamigen Artikel von Hanns-Bertold Dietz, Alte Musik im Schatten Alter Musik. Zur historisch- ästhetischen Stellung der Kirchenmusik neapolitanischer Meister der Bach-Händel Generation, in: Alte Musik als ästhetische Gegenwart (=Bericht über den internationalen musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Stuttgart 1985), 2 Bde., hg. v. D. Berke und D. Hanemann, Kassel 1987, Bd. 1, S. 453-460. 4 Hasse war Scarlattis Schüler bis zu dessen Tod (24.10.1725). Wann der Unterricht begann, ist jedoch nicht exakt zu belegen, da Hasses erste Jahre in Italien nur unzureichend dokumentiert sind. Eine Zusammenstellung über Hasses Jahre in Italien bietet Reinhard Strohm, Hasse, Scarlatti, Rolli, in: Analecta Musicologica, 15, 1975, S. 226, Anm. 8. VI Settecento auseinanderzusetzen hat5. Die Aussage Hasses mag also auch einen Hinweis auf die Beantwortung der Frage geben, welche Bedeutung Scarlatti als Komponist von Offiziumskompositionen zukommt und welchen Einfluss er auf die nachkommende Generation von Komponisten hatte. In diesen Zusammenhang gehört auch eine interessante Bemerkung von Strohm, der schon vor über zwanzig Jahren die Vermutung äußerte, dass Alessandro Scarlatti gerade dort am stärksten in das Settecento hinein gewirkt hat, wo er für ein sozial am wenigsten eingeengtes Publikum komponierte, während er mit seinen konzentriertesten Leistungen einsam dasteht, weil sie zusammen mit der Schicht ihren Glanz verloren, deren Schönheitsbedürfnis sie gewidmet sind6. In der Tat richtet sich nur ein kleiner Teil des Gesamtschaffens Scarlattis an ein öffentliches Publikum. Zu diesem gehören neben einigen für Neapel geschriebenen Opern mitsamt ihren scene buffe vor allem eben die zahlreichen Offiziumskompositionen, die über den Zeitraum fast eines halben Jahrhunderts entstanden sind. Doch auch diese wegweisende Anregung zu einem intensiven Studium besonders der geistlichen Musik Scarlattis wurde in der Musikforschung weder in der Folgezeit aufgenommen noch unter einem anderen Gesichtspunkt weiter verfolgt. Es sind vor allem die oftmals komplizierte Quellenlage sowie die hiermit verbundenen Tatsache, dass nur wenige geistliche Werke des Komponisten ediert sind, die dazu geführt haben, dass bis heute die Offiziumskompositionen Scarlattis kaum untersucht worden sind. Zwar gibt der von Giancarlo Rostirolla im Jahr 1972 erstellte Katalog der Werke Scarlattis einen ersten Überblick über das Quellenmaterial7, viele Angaben müssen heute aber ergänzt und berichtigt werden. Ebenso erlaubt der Katalog Rostirollas kaum Rückschlüsse auf Datierungsfragen 5 Reinhard Strohm, Alessandro Scarlatti und das Settecento, in: Colloquium Alessandro Scarlatti Würzburg 1975, hg. v. W. Osthoff und J. Ruile-Dronke, Tutzing 1979,
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