Ventajas Del Uso Del Códec De Audio MPEG-4(HE- Aacv2) En El Flujo De La DTT”

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Ventajas Del Uso Del Códec De Audio MPEG-4(HE- Aacv2) En El Flujo De La DTT” Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA “Ventajas del uso del códec de audio MPEG-4(HE- AACv2) en el flujo de la DTT” Autor: Alexis Yanes Sanz Tutor: MSc. Irina Siles Siles Ing. Yosvany R. Esponda Fernández Santa Clara 2016 "Año 58 de la Revolución" Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA “Ventajas del uso del códec de audio MPEG-4(HE- AACv2) en el flujo de la DTT” Autor: Alexis Yanes Sanz E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Tutor: MSc. Irina Siles Siles E- mail: [email protected] Ing. Yosvany R. Esponda Fernández E-mail: [email protected] Santa Clara 2016 "Año 58 de la Revolución" Hago constar que el presente trabajo de diploma fue realizado en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas como parte de la culminación de estudios de la especialidad de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica, autorizando a que el mismo sea utilizado por la Institución, para los fines que estime conveniente, tanto de forma parcial como total y que además no podrá ser presentado en eventos, ni publicados sin autorización de la Universidad. Firma del Autor Los abajo firmantes certificamos que el presente trabajo ha sido realizado según acuerdo de la dirección de nuestro centro y el mismo cumple con los requisitos que debe tener un trabajo de esta envergadura referido a la temática señalada. Firma del Tutor Firma del Jefe de Departamento donde se defiende el trabajo Firma del Responsable de Información Científico-Técnica i PENSAMIENTO “El futuro de Cuba tiene que ser, necesariamente, un futuro de hombres de ciencia”. Fidel Castro Ruz ii DEDICATORIA Dedico el presente trabajo a mis padres, a quienes les debo todo lo que soy. A mi hermano por estar siempre ahí para mí. A mis abuelos, que no se encuentran con nosotros pero que ahora ven coronado su sueño. iii AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis padres, por ser mi ejemplo en todo momento, por su apoyo y porque sin ellos no hubiera llegado hasta aquí. A toda mi familia en general, que de alguna manera ha contribuido en la finalización exitosa de esta carrera. A mis profesores, por su ejemplo y profesionalidad en la contribución a mi formación como ingeniero. A mis tutores, por todo su apoyo durante la elaboración de este trabajo. Muchas Gracias iv TAREA TÉCNICA Realización de un estudio sobre las tendencias actuales de codificación de audio en materia de radiodifusión. Caracterización de la situación actual que presenta el flujo de la DTT transmitido en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus. Realización de una propuesta de cambio de códec de audio que permita obtener una mejor calidad de servicio. Comparación de los resultados de la propuesta planteada con la configuración actual. Determinación de las métricas de calidad de audio obtenida para la propuesta planteada. Elaboración del informe final de Trabajo de Diploma. v RESUMEN El presente trabajo describe las ventajas que puede traer para el país el empleo del códec de audio MPEG-4 (HE-AAC v2) en la codificación de los servicios transmitidos por el canal de transmisión de la DTT. En este proyecto se muestran las tendencias actuales de codificación de audio en materia de radiodifusión según la ITU a la vez que se realiza un análisis del contenido del flujo actual transmitido en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus con la ayuda de la herramienta Blue Top TS Analyzer; se pudo observar la gran porción del ancho de banda del canal que se utiliza para la codificación de audio. Debido a esto se hace necesario valorar el uso de otro códec de audio más eficiente, que brinde un mejor servicio y sea más ventajoso para la situación actual del país. Para la realización del proyecto, el códec de audio propuesto fue MPEG-4 (HE-AAC v2) el cual presentó una mayor eficiencia respecto al códec actual en cuanto al empleo del canal de transmisión, demostrando ser un 74% más eficiente y manteniendo una buena calidad de audio perceptual e incluso mejor para algunos contenidos de audio, avalado por los valores de MOS obtenidos en el estudio. vi ÍNDICE PENSAMIENTO ..................................................................................................................... i DEDICATORIA .................................................................................................................... ii AGRADECIMIENTOS ........................................................................................................ iii TAREA TÉCNICA ................................................................................................................ iv RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................. v INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................. 1 Organización del informe ................................................................................................... 3 CAPÍTULO 1. TECNOLOGÍAS DE TRANSPORTE DE TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL TERRESTRE. …………………………………………………………………………...5 1.1. Televisión Digital Terrestre. .................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Estándares Internacionales de la Televisión Digital Terrestre. ............................ 6 1.1.2 Televisión Digital en Cuba. Estándar DTMB. ..................................................... 7 1.2. Tecnología de codificación de la fuente para radiodifusión. ................................... 8 1.2.1 Características de los flujos elementales de audio y video. ................................... 8 1.2.2 Tecnología de codificación de video para radiodifusión digital. ........................... 9 1.2.3 Tecnología de codificación de audio para radiodifusión digital. ......................... 11 1.2.3.1 Códec AC-3 .................................................................................................. 12 1.2.3.2 Códec MPEG-1 ............................................................................................. 12 1.2.3.3 Códec MPEG-2 BC ...................................................................................... 13 1.2.3.4 Códec MPEG-2 AAC-LC ............................................................................. 13 1.2.3.5 Códec MPEG-4 AAC-LC ............................................................................. 14 1.2.3.6 Códec MPEG-4 (HE-AAC): “Perfil de Alta Eficiencia AAC” .................... 14 1.2.3.7 Códec MPEG-4 (HE-AACv2): “Perfil de Alta Eficiencia AAC versión 2”..15 1.3. Multiplexación y señalización para radiodifusión. ................................................ 18 vii 1.3.1 Multiplexación de servicios en el canal. .......................................................... 21 1.3.1.1 Multiplexación estática. ............................................................................ 22 1.3.1.2 Multiplexación dinámica. ......................................................................... 22 1.4. Interfaces de distribución de flujos de la DTT. ...................................................... 22 1.4.1 DVB-ASI ......................................................................................................... 23 1.4.2 DVB-IP ............................................................................................................ 23 1.5. Conclusiones del Capítulo...................................................................................... 24 CAPÍTULO 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL FLUJO DE TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL EN LA PROVINCIA DE SANCTÍ SPÍRITUS. ......................................................................... 25 2.1 Despliegue de la DTT en Cuba. .................................................................................. 25 2.1.1 Arquitectura de Cabecera de Línea Nacional. ................................................. 25 2.1.2 Infraestructura en los centros de Televisión Digital. ....................................... 27 2.2. Analizador de flujos MPEG2-TS. Blue Top TS Analyzer. ........................................ 30 2.3 Análisis del flujo de Televisión Digital en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus. ............... 32 2.3.1 Análisis basado en la Recomendación ETSI TR 101 290. .............................. 33 2.3.2 Análisis del canal de transmisión de Televisión Digital. ................................. 36 2.3.3 Análisis de los servicios transmitidos por la señal Digital. ............................. 37 2.4 Conclusiones del Capítulo. ......................................................................................... 41 CAPÍTULO 3. EVALUACIÓN DE LA PROPUESTA REALIZADA. ......................... 42 3.1 Configuración del equipamiento para la sustitución de los componentes de audio. .. 42 3.2 Análisis del flujo de Televisión Digital utilizando el códec de audio MPEG4 (HE- AACv2). ............................................................................................................................ 45 3.2.1 Análisis de la razón de bit del códec de audio HE-AACv2. ............................ 46 3.2.2 Análisis del canal de transmisión de Televisión Digital. ................................. 48 3.3 Análisis de la calidad de audio perceptual. ................................................................. 50 viii 3.3.1 Método de determinación subjetiva de la calidad de transmisión. .................. 50 3.3.2 Análisis estadístico del MOS. .......................................................................... 51 3.4 Conclusiones
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