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Conservation Not by the Seat of Our Pants

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Conservation Not by the Seat of Our Pants CONTRIBUTED AND INVITED ABSTRACTS for Oral Presentations Arranged by session and program number. Presenting author is underlined and their email address is provided. You may search by author, presenter, session, program number or title. SESSION 1: The Science of Threats: Conservation not by the Seat of Our Pants 1.01 Recorded threats to rare Californian plants Shannon Still1, Nick Jensen2, James André3 1Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA, 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA, USA, 3University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA, [email protected] The California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) records 45 threat categories for plants and animals in the state. These threat categories cover factors that may cause a species to be vulnerable. When element occurrence (EO) reports are submitted to the CNDDB, threats are recorded into one of these broad categories. Of the 36,309 plant EO records in CNDDB, 30,342 have a recorded threat and 77% of the species have at least one threat listed for more than 5% of the EOs for the species. The four most common reported threats for the rare Californian flora are road and trail construction and maintenance, grazing, development and the impact from non-native plants. While these categories help us understand the vulnerabilities to rare plants in the state, there is room for improvement in how we categorize and track threats. Of the 1,720 rare Californian taxa used in the study, 22% have no threats recorded. More importantly, 12% of species categorized as seriously threatened in California by California Native Plant Society have no reported threats. This presentation will outline the current threats to the rare Californian flora, highlight areas of strengths in current methods, and discuss some overlooked impacts. 1.02 How right are our threat ranks?: More accurately assessing the threats to California's rare plants Nick Jensen1, Aaron E. Sims2, Shannon Still3 1Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA, USA, 2California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA, USA, 3Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA, [email protected] Conservation and government agencies are tasked with managing information on threats to more than 2300 plants recognized as rare in the state of California. Primary challenges include accurately identifying specific threats to and maintaining overall threat level rankings for each taxon. The California Native Plant Society maintains a numerical threat ranking for each rare plant and lists information on specific threats in its Online Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (CNPS Inventory). The California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) uses 45 specific codes to catalog reported threats to occurrences of the state's rare plants and animals. An analysis of these data enable us to compare threat levels and reported threats in the CNDDB with those reported in the CNPS Inventory. For each taxon, we review the percentage of threatened occurrences indicated by the CNPS Inventory threat rank and compare this to the data included in the CNDDB. This analysis allows us to determine if the rank reported in the CNPS Inventory is supported by data included in the CNDDB. We also identify the primary threat categories reported in the CNDDB and compare these with the threats listed in the CNPS Inventory. This analysis shows that data sharing between CNPS and CNDDB would result in more accurate and up-to-date threat data and rankings. We also provide a model for how these data may be presented in future versions of the CNPS Inventory. 1.03 Management of the cryptic threats of genetic erosion, inbreeding depression, and maladaptation Deborah Rogers1,2 1Center for Natural Lands Management, Temecula, CA, USA, 2University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA, [email protected] Even when the primary objective of wildland ecosystems is protection and conservation of native species and ecological processes, it is challenging to maintain the components that comprise a natural system. Genetic diversity is one of those management challenges - cryptic, always changing, and often only signaling a problem when it has reached a critical point. Plant genomics promises to make more efficient the process of assessing adaptive genetic diversity but we still have large potentials in applying available conservation genetic principles. The objective is to provide illustrations of applying genetic principles to conservation and restoration and to review recent literature for specific examples. Principles will be revisited in the context of rapid climate change, where uncertainty remains of the rationale for moving plant materials in anticipation of specific climatic changes. As genetic study results amass for California native plants, it is clear that more genetic diversity and structuring remains than might be predicted for some rare or listed species. Further, variable ploidy within a species is a genetic feature that is rarely taken into account with restoration projects yet is quite common. Genetic diversity is more important than ever in its role of providing a means to adapt to changing conditions-whether they are natural or anthropogenic in origin. Whether we manage for and support that diversity, or undermine it by lack of consideration or inappropriate application of information or misguided assumptions, can have a substantial impact on the longevity of native plant species and resilience of our wildland ecosystems. 1.04 Phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism in the California flora Brent Mishler, Bruce Baldwin, David Ackerly University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, [email protected] Biodiversity is usually measured by examining changes in the number of species across a region to identify areas of particularly high species diversity and endemism. However, investigation of species distribution alone misses the full richness of analyses that can result from taking a phylogenetic approach. We are applying a novel suite of phylogenetic tools including two new metrics, Relative Phylogenetic Diversity and Relative Phylogenetic Endemism and a new method called Categorical Analysis of Neo- And Paleo-Endemism (CANAPE) that allows, for the first time, a clear, quantitative distinction between centers of recent and old endemism. Application of this approach to the exceptionally rich vascular flora of California is facilitated by the Consortium of California Herbaria database, the online Jepson eFlora for California, and the wealth of phylogenetic studies that have already been done. A comprehensive phylogeny for California plants is being built, using existing data from Genbank as well as fresh material gathered via an innovative collaboration with citizen scientists from the California Native Plant Society. Spatial analysis of phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism across the state will then be carried out using appropriate statistical tests. Understanding patterns of biodiversity on the landscape is important for conservation planning, given the need to prioritize efforts in the face of rapid habitat loss and human-induced climate change. These new phylogenetic methods allow assessment of protected lands that is not limited by reliance on species assessment alone and can identify complementary areas of biodiversity that have unique evolutionary histories in need of conservation. 1.05 Using experiments and demographic models to assess rare plant vulnerability to renewable energy development in the California Deserts Kara Moore1, Karen Tanner3, James Andre5, Patrick McIntyre4, Bruce Pavlik2 1University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 2BMP Ecosciences, Oakland, CA, USA, 3University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 4California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA, USA, 5University of California Natural Reserve System, Riverside, CA, USA, [email protected] Pressing challenges for plant conservation in the California Deserts are the advance of solar energy development and incomplete understanding of basic plant biology and distributions. How can we rapidly collect the information necessary on species- and site-specific population dynamics to effectively design mitigation and conservation measures? We have developed an integrated approach to assessing the vulnerability of a suite of representative rare plant species in the region. We implemented a prioritized series of demographic and experimental studies over the past four years to identify the types of species, populations, and life stages most vulnerable to impact or prone to conservation efforts. We have found substantial variation in vegetative and sexual reproduction between study populations for several rare plants, including between populations that vary in putative impact by development. For a subset of species, we designed population viability analysis and applied them to identify sensitive vital rates and compare quasi-extinction probabilities under different climate and impact scenarios. By utilizing practical experiments to test for the effects of real or simulated impacts, we have found differences in vital rates between natural and disturbed populations adjacent to and within solar installations and significant negative effects of panel shade on rare plant communities. 1.06 Mechanisms underlying vegetation changes due to redistribution of surface water on a desert bajada Darren Sandquist1, April Newlander1, Miguel Macias1, Aimee Roach1, David Bedford2, David Miller2 1California State University, Fullerton,
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