DOCSLIB.ORG

Demonstration of Essential Reliability Services by a 300-MW Solar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Demonstration of Essential Reliability Services by a 300-MW Solar Demonstration of Essential Reliability Services by a 300-MW Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Clyde Loutan, Peter Klauer, Sirajul Chowdhury, and Stephen Hall California Independent System Operator Mahesh Morjaria, Vladimir Chadliev, Nick Milam, and Christopher Milan First Solar Vahan Gevorgian National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Technical Report NREL/TP-5D00-67799 March 2017 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Demonstration of Essential Reliability Services by a 300- MW Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Clyde Loutan, Peter Klauer, Sirajul Chowdhury, and Stephen Hall California Independent System Operator Mahesh Morjaria, Vladimir Chadliev, Nick Milam, and Christopher Milan First Solar Vahan Gevorgian National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. ST6S.1010 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-5D00-67799 Golden, CO 80401 March 2017 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Available electronically at SciTech Connect http:/www.osti.gov/scitech Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 OSTI http://www.osti.gov Phone: 865.576.8401 Fax: 865.576.5728 Email: [email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Road Alexandria, VA 22312 NTIS http://www.ntis.gov Phone: 800.553.6847 or 703.605.6000 Fax: 703.605.6900 Email: [email protected] Cover Photos by Dennis Schroeder: (left to right) NREL 26173, NREL 18302, NREL 19758, NREL 29642, NREL 19795. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments We thank and acknowledge the substantial contributions to this work provided by the staff of First Solar’s corporate office, located in Tempe, Arizona, during the planning and implementation stages of this project. The authors also thank Dr. Guohui Yuan of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Energy Technologies Office for his continuous support of this project. iii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. List of Acronyms ACE Area control error AGC Automatic generation control APC Active power control BAAL Balancing Authority ACE Limit BA Balancing authority CAISO California Independent System Operator FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FFR Fast frequency response NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory PFR Primary frequency response POI Point of interconnection PPC Power plant controller PV Photovoltaic ROCOF Rate of change of frequency RPS Renewable portfolio standard SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Executive Summary The California Independent System Operator (CAISO), First Solar, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted a demonstration project on a large utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plant in California to test its ability to provide essential ancillary services to the electric grid. With increasing shares of solar- and wind-generated energy on the electric grid, traditional generation resources equipped with automatic governor control (AGC) and automatic voltage regulation controls—specifically, fossil thermal—are being displaced. The deployment of utility-scale, grid-friendly PV power plants that incorporate advanced capabilities to support grid stability and reliability is essential for the large-scale integration of PV generation into the electric power grid, among other technical requirements. A typical PV power plant consists of multiple power electronic inverters and can contribute to grid stability and reliability through sophisticated “grid-friendly” controls. In this way, PV power plants can be used to mitigate the impact of variability on the grid, a role typically reserved for conventional generators. In August 2016, testing was completed on First Solar’s 300-MW PV power plant, and a large amount of test data was produced and analyzed that demonstrates the ability of PV power plants to use grid-friendly controls to provide essential reliability services. These data showed how the development of advanced power controls can enable PV to become a provider of a wide range of grid services, including spinning reserves, load following, voltage support, ramping, frequency response, variability smoothing, and frequency regulation to power quality. Specifically, the tests conducted included various forms of active power control such as AGC and frequency regulation; droop response; and reactive power, voltage, and power factor controls. This project demonstrated that advanced power electronics and solar generation can be controlled to contribute to system-wide reliability. It was shown that the First Solar plant can provide essential reliability services related to different forms of active and reactive power controls, including plant participation in AGC, primary frequency control, ramp rate control, and voltage regulation. For AGC participation in particular, by comparing the PV plant testing results to the typical performance of individual conventional technologies, we showed that regulation accuracy by the PV plant is 24–30 points better than fast gas turbine technologies. The plant’s ability to provide volt-ampere reactive control during periods of extremely low power generation was demonstrated as well. The project team developed a pioneering demonstration concept and test plan to show how various types of active and reactive power controls can leverage PV generation’s value from being a simple variable energy resource to a resource that provides a wide range of ancillary services. With this project’s approach to a holistic demonstration on an actual, large, utility- scale, operational PV power plant and dissemination of the obtained results, the team sought to close some gaps in perspectives that exist among various stakeholders in California and nationwide by providing real test data. v This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 PV Power Plant Description ................................................................................................................ 9 3 AGC Participation Tests for First Solar’s 300-MW PV Power Plant .............................................. 13 3.1 Description and Rationale for AGC Tests ................................................................................... 13 3.2 AGC Test Results ........................................................................................................................ 15 4 Frequency Droop Control Tests ........................................................................................................ 23 4.1 Rationale and Description of Frequency Droop Tests ................................................................ 23 4.2 Droop Test Results ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.2.1 Droop Tests during Underfrequency Event .................................................................... 25 4.2.2 Frequency Droop Tests during Overfrequency Event .................................................... 31 5 Reactive Power and Voltage Control Tests ..................................................................................... 34 5.1 Rationale and Description of Reactive Power Tests ................................................................... 34 5.2 Results of Reactive Capability Power Tests ...............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Solar Investor Overview
    FIRST SOLAR INVESTOR OVERVIEW IMPORTANT INFORMATION Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements This presentation contains forward-looking statements which are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning: effects resulting from certain module manufacturing changes and associated restructuring activities; our business strategy, including anticipated trends and developments in and management plans for our business and the markets in which we operate; future financial results, operating results, revenues, gross margin, operating expenses, products, projected costs (including estimated future module collection and recycling costs), warranties, solar module technology and cost reduction roadmaps, restructuring, product reliability, investments in unconsolidated affiliates, and capital expenditures; our ability to continue to reduce the cost per watt of our solar modules; the impact of public policies, such as tariffs or other trade remedies imposed on solar cells and modules; our ability to expand manufacturing capacity worldwide; our ability to reduce the costs to construct photovoltaic (“PV”) solar power systems; research and development (“R&D”) programs and our ability to improve the conversion efficiency of our solar modules; sales and marketing initiatives; the impact of U.S. tax reform; and competition. These forward-looking statements are often characterized by the use of words such as “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “seek,” “believe,” “forecast,” “foresee,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “goal,” “target,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “predict,” “continue” and the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and our projections about future events and therefore speak only as of the date of this presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Thin Film Cdte Photovoltaics and the U.S. Energy Transition in 2020
    Thin Film CdTe Photovoltaics and the U.S. Energy Transition in 2020 QESST Engineering Research Center Arizona State University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Clark A. Miller, Ian Marius Peters, Shivam Zaveri TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .............................................................................................. 9 I - The Place of Solar Energy in a Low-Carbon Energy Transition ...................... 12 A - The Contribution of Photovoltaic Solar Energy to the Energy Transition .. 14 B - Transition Scenarios .................................................................................. 16 I.B.1 - Decarbonizing California ................................................................... 16 I.B.2 - 100% Renewables in Australia ......................................................... 17 II - PV Performance ............................................................................................. 20 A - Technology Roadmap ................................................................................. 21 II.A.1 - Efficiency ........................................................................................... 22 II.A.2 - Module Cost ...................................................................................... 27 II.A.3 - Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) ....................................................... 29 II.A.4 - Energy Payback Time ........................................................................ 32 B - Hot and Humid Climates ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Risks Associated with Thin Film Solar Panel Technology
    Assessment of the Risks Associated with Thin Film Solar Panel Technology Submitted to First Solar by The Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research Virginia Tech 8 March 2019 Blacksburg, Virginia, USA VIRGINIA CENTER FOR COAL AND ENERGY RESEARCH www.energy.vt.edu The Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research (VCCER) was created by an Act of the Virginia General Assembly on March 30, 1977, as an interdisciplinary study, research, information and resource facility for the Commonwealth of Virginia. In July of that year, a directive approved by the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) Board of Visitors placed the VCCER under the University Provost because of its intercollegiate character, and because the Center's mandate encompasses the three missions of the University: instruction, research and extension. Derived from its legislative mandate and years of experience, the mission of the VCCER involves five primary functions: • Research in interdisciplinary energy and coal-related issues of interest to the Commonwealth • Coordination of coal and energy research at Virginia Tech • Dissemination of coal and energy research information and data to users in the Commonwealth • Examination of socio-economic implications related to energy and coal development and associated environmental impacts • Assistance to the Commonwealth of Virginia in implementing the Commonwealth's energy plan Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research (MC 0411) Randolph Hall, Room 133 460 Old Turner Street Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 Phone: 540-231-5038 Fax: 540-231-4078 Report Authors The primary author for this report is William Reynolds, Jr., Professor, Department of Mate- rials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech; contributing author is Michael Karmis, Stonie Barker Professor, Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering & Director, Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research (VCCER), Virginia Tech.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Solar
    Solar technology isn’t new. Its history spans from the 7th Century B.C. to today. We started out concentrating the sun’s heat with glass and mirrors to light fires. Today, we have everything from solar-powered buildings to solar- powered vehicles. Here you can learn more about the milestones in the Byron Stafford, historical development of solar technology, century by NREL / PIX10730 Byron Stafford, century, and year by year. You can also glimpse the future. NREL / PIX05370 This timeline lists the milestones in the historical development of solar technology from the 7th Century B.C. to the 1200s A.D. 7th Century B.C. Magnifying glass used to concentrate sun’s rays to make fire and to burn ants. 3rd Century B.C. Courtesy of Greeks and Romans use burning mirrors to light torches for religious purposes. New Vision Technologies, Inc./ Images ©2000 NVTech.com 2nd Century B.C. As early as 212 BC, the Greek scientist, Archimedes, used the reflective properties of bronze shields to focus sunlight and to set fire to wooden ships from the Roman Empire which were besieging Syracuse. (Although no proof of such a feat exists, the Greek navy recreated the experiment in 1973 and successfully set fire to a wooden boat at a distance of 50 meters.) 20 A.D. Chinese document use of burning mirrors to light torches for religious purposes. 1st to 4th Century A.D. The famous Roman bathhouses in the first to fourth centuries A.D. had large south facing windows to let in the sun’s warmth.
    [Show full text]
  • First Solar Neil Thompson and Jennifer Ballen
    17-181 September 13, 2017 First Solar Neil Thompson and Jennifer Ballen Tymen deJong, First Solar’s senior vice president of module manufacturing,1 fixated yet again on the company’s latest 10-K. DeJong had joined the company in January of 2010, at a time when First Solar’s future appeared bright. Now, just two years later, First Solar’s cost advantage was eroding and deJong was facing challenges that would require tough decisions. In 2009, First Solar broke cost records by becoming the first photovoltaic (PV) manufacturer to produce panels that generated a megawatt of power at a manufacturing cost of less than $1.00 per watt.2 The company’s proprietary thin-film cadmium telluride technology had made it the largest and lowest-cost producer for nearly a decade. However, the 2011 Form 10-K on deJong’s desk revealed a net operating loss of $39 million, the company’s first year-end net operating loss in the past seven years. Although revenues were $2.7 billion, revenue growth had slowed from 66% in FY 2009, to 24% in FY 2010, and then to a meager 8% in FY 2011.3 Much of this slowed growth was attributable to broader trends affecting the entire PV industry. Chinese manufacturers, subsidized by their government, were flooding the market with low-price crystalline-silicon (c-Si) solar panels. Market demand for PV panels was also weakening. The 2008–2009 global financial crisis had squeezed government budgets and weakened the financial positions of many banks. As a result, the once-heavy European solar subsidies were shrinking and the willingness of banks to finance solar projects had virtually disappeared.
    [Show full text]
  • Master List of Companies
    Companies A1A Solar Contracting Inc. AA Solar Services LLC 0Titan Solar & Remodeling AAA 1 Solar Solutions AAA Solar 1 Stop Shop AABCO 1800 Remodel AAE Solar 1800 Solar USA Aapco 1Solar Abakus Solar USA Inc. 1st Choice Solar Abbott Electric Inc. 1st US Energy LLC ABC Leads 21st Century Doors & Windows ABC Seamless Corporate 21st Century Power Solutions ABCO Solar 2Four6 Solar ABest Energy Power 2K Solar Ablaze Energy 310 Solar LLC Able Energy 31Solar LLC Able Energy Co. 360 Solar Energy Able Heating & Cooling 360 Solar Group Able Roof Mr Roof 4 Lakes Home Restoration ABM Services & Renovations 7 Summits Roofing Absolute Solar 76 Solar Absolutely Solar 84 Lumber Abundant Air Inc 84 Lumber Company Abundant Energy 84 Lumber Company Abundant Solar A & R Solar AC Solar Inc. A Division of Mechanical Energy Systems Accelerate Solar A National Electric Service Inc. Accent Window Systems, Inc. A Plus Roofing Acceptance A Real Advantage Construction Access Geothermal A Two Z Windows & Doors Installing Access Insurance Quality A Wholesale Acclaimed Roofing of Colorado Window Company Accord Construction / Window Wise Austin A&E Mechanical Accuquote A&M Energy Solutions Accurate Architecture LLC A&R Solar ACDC Solar A.D.D. Solar Connect Acker Roofing A.I. Solar ACME Environmental A.M. Solar ACME International Services Inc. A-1 Electric Acordia A1 Energy LLC Acquisition Technologies A1 Plumbing Acro Energy A1 Solar LLC Active Energies A1 Solar Power Active Energies Inc. A-1 Windows & Doors, Inc. Active Energies Solar A-1 Windows & Doors, Inc. A-1 Windows & Active Solar Doors, Inc. Folkers Window Company PGT Addin Solar Industries Addison Homes LLC A1A Solar Addy Electric Adobe Reo Affordable Windows and Doors of Tampa Adobe Solar Bay ADT LLC AffordaSolar, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Cutting Costs of Solar Energy Getting to Ubiquitous Solar
    Cutting Costs of Solar Energy Getting to Ubiquitous Solar Minh Le, Director, SunShot Initiative energy.gov/sunshot Solar Energy Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy energy.gov/sunshot SunShot SunShot Goal: 5 - 6¢/kWh without subsidy. Price A 75% cost reduction by 2020. SunShot Initiative energy.gov/sunshot PV Utility-Scale System Pathway to SunShot energy.gov/sunshot Source: T. James, et al. NREL Internal Cost Model. Growing Capacity, Building Our Economy • Since 2010, the cost of a solar PV system has dropped by about 60%. Solar continues to shatter deployment records nationwide. By end of 2014, more than 20 GW of solar capacity are expected. • Demand for solar is creating jobs across America. energy.gov/sunshot Americans Choose Solar Energy • Solar installations are overwhelmingly occurring in middle class neighborhoods with incomes ranging from $40K-$90K. • Numerous, large corporations and organizations are deploying solar at a massive scale—including Apple, Berkshire Hathaway, FedEx, GE, GM, Google, IKEA, Macy’s, Target, Walmart, and the U.S. military. energy.gov/sunshot SunShot FY14 Activities and Successes • Enhancing U.S. Leadership in PV R&D • More than 50% of the solar cell efficiency records were supported by the DOE over 30+ years; NREL PV cell efficiency world records have grown at a rate of 3.5x, compared to the prior decade with level funding. • Developing New Financing Tools to Deploy Solar • SunShot is increasing access to financing options and standardizing processes to make solar more accessible and affordable for Americans through NREL’s Solar Access to Public Capital (SAPC) working group. • Building a Skilled Solar Workforce • Since 2010, SunShot’s Solar Instructor Training Network has trained more than 30,000 community college students on the way to the goal of 50,000 by 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2020 Table of Contents
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2020 Table of Contents MESSAGE FROM THE CEO ..........................................................................................4 2019 HIGHLIGHTS .......................................................................................................5 ABOUT FIRST SOLAR ..................................................................................................6 Series 6 Environmental, Health and Safety Profile ................................................7 Powering a Circular Economy ..............................................................................9 Sustainability at First Solar ...............................................................................12 Sustainability Ambassadors Program ................................................................12 ENVIRONMENTAL METRICS ......................................................................................13 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..............................................................................14 Energy ...........................................................................................................15 Water ...........................................................................................................15 Waste ...........................................................................................................16 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ..........................................................................................20 Our Culture ......................................................................................................20
    [Show full text]
  • View Annual Report
    Corporate Headquarters 4050 East Cotton Center Boulevard, Building 6, Suite 68 Phoenix, Arizona 85040 PH: +1-602-414-9300 FX: +1-602-414-9400 info@fi rstsolar.com www.fi rstsolar.com Annual Report 2006 Company Overview First Solar manufactures solar modules with an advanced thin film semiconductor process that significantly lowers solar electricity costs. By enabling clean renewable electricity at affordable prices, First Solar provides an economic alternative to peak conventional electricity and the related fossil fuel dependence, greenhouse gas emissions and peak time grid constraints. First Solar was founded in 1999 to commercialize its process for manufacturing cost effective photovoltaic (PV) modules. In 2003, the Company began production of its solar modules for commercial applications, and by the end of 2004, completed the qualification of its base module production plant. In 2005, Corporate Information First Solar initiated plans to replicate its base module production plant in order to meet demand for its products. In 2006, the base plant expansion was completed and construction began on Executive Management Corporate Headquarters a new manufacturing facility in Germany. The German plant will more than double First Solar’s Michael J. Ahearn, Chief Executive Offi cer, Chairman 4050 East Cotton Center Boulevard, Building 6, Suite 68 manufacturing and will leverage its “Copy Smart” replication technology. First Solar became a Bruce Sohn, President, Director Phoenix, Arizona 85040 public company on November 17, 2006. First Solar’s objective is to use its advanced thin film George A. Hambro, Chief Operating Offi cer PH: +1-602-414-9300 FX: +1-602-414-9400 module technology and manufacturing capabilities to enable cost effective solar electricity to be Jens Meyerhoff , Chief Financial Offi cer info@fi rstsolar.com Kenneth M.
    [Show full text]
  • At Work: Ohio Senate Bill 221 Creates a Cleaner Economy Policy Matters Ohio
    EENNNEEERRRGGGYYY SSTTTAAANNNDDDAAARRRDDDSSS AAATTT WWOOORRRKKK::: OOOHHHIIIOOO SSSEEENNNAAATTTEEE BBBIIILLLLLL 222222111 CRRREEEAAATTTEEESSS AAA CLLLEEEAAANNNEEERRR ECCCOOONNNOOOMMMYYY CC CC EE A Report From Policy Matters Ohio Authors Amanda Woodrum, Phil Stephens & Alex Hollingsworth Report Advisors Ned Ford, Energy Chair of the Ohio Chapter of the Sierra Club Nolan Moser, Ohio Environmental Council Director of Energy and Air Programs September, 2010 Energy Standards at Work: Ohio Senate Bill 221 Creates a Cleaner Economy Policy Matters Ohio Executive Summary In May of 2008, on Governor Strickland’s initiative, the Ohio legislature passed Amended Substitute Senate Bill 221, a bill including aggressive clean energy standards that represent the foundation for our state’s energy evolution. Ohio law now requires Ohio’s electric utilities to generate 12.5% of electricity sales from renewable energy sources and to enact programs that will reduce energy consumption by 22%, all by 2025. In passing the bill, policy makers of both parties argued that it would have economic and job creation benefits for Ohio. This report assesses SB 221’s effects on economic growth, emissions reductions, energy independence and energy savings, and finds that as long as utilities are reaching annual benchmarks, Ohio will see jobs created, less pollution and, in the long run, money saved. Ohio’s Renewable Energy Standard created a Renewable Energy Credit Market in Ohio, by guaranteeing that Ohioans and outside investors will have a commodity to sell when they invest in renewables here. As of June 2010, 508 applications had been filed at the Public Utility Commission of Ohio to projects as renewable energy resource generators. About 25% of those applications are for projects in Ohio (132), representing over 150 MW of potential homegrown capacity from solar, wind, hydro, and landfill gas, enough to power almost 115,000 homes.
    [Show full text]
  • Q1/Q2 2017 Solar Industry Update
    Q1/Q2 2017 Solar Industry Update David Feldman DOE energy.gov/sunshot August 10, 2017 Robert Margolis NREL NREL/PR-6A42-69107 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Executive Summary • The United States installed 2.0 GWDC of PV in Q1 2017—42.9 GW total. – Utility-scale PV added more than 1 GWDC for the sixth straight quarter. – The distributed PV sector has been more challenged this year as large integrators pursue profitability at the expense of growth, customer acquisition remains a challenge, the potential for increased tariffs on modules and cells, and unseasonably rainy weather reduced installations in California. • Solar accounted for approximately 25% of all new electricity generating capacity for the first five months of 2017, behind wind and natural gas. PV installations in the second half of the year are expected to be much larger than the first half of 2017. • Seven states produced more than 6.5% of total net generation from solar in in the first five months of 2017, and an additional seven states produced more than 2.5% of total net generation from solar. – California generated 20% of its electricity from solar in May 2017. • States continue to revise laws and regulations to manage continued growth of distributed and utility- scale PV. – Thus far in 2017, five states have passed laws or regulations transitioning away from traditional retail net metering, and 24 states took action on net metering. • From January 2017 to July 2017, module prices for larger buyers fell 8% to $0.33/W due to leveling off of global demand and increased competition for market share.
    [Show full text]
  • First Solar Annual Report 2021
    First Solar Annual Report 2021 Form 10-K (NASDAQ:FSLR) Published: February 26th, 2021 PDF generated by stocklight.com UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark one) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number: 001-33156 First Solar, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 20-4623678 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 350 West Washington Street, Suite 600 Tempe, Arizona 85281 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) (602) 414-9300 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common stock, $0.001 par value FSLR The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
    [Show full text]