DOCSLIB.ORG

“I HAD to RUN AWAY” the Imprisonment of Women and Girls for “Moral Crimes” in Afghanistan WATCH

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“I HAD to RUN AWAY” the Imprisonment of Women and Girls for “Moral Crimes” in Afghanistan WATCH HUMAN RIGHTS “I HAD TO RUN AWAY” The Imprisonment of Women and Girls for “Moral Crimes” in Afghanistan WATCH “I Had To Run Away” The Imprisonment of Women and Girls for “Moral Crimes” in Afghanistan Copyright © 2012 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-877-5 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org MARCH 2012 ISBN: 1-56432-877-5 “I Had To Run Away” The Imprisonment of Women and Girls for “Moral Crimes” in Afghanistan Map of Afghanistan ........................................................................................................... iii Glossary of Acronyms and Terms ....................................................................................... iv Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 8 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 10 Photo Feature ....................................................................................................................14 I. Women’s Rights since the End of Taliban Rule ............................................................... 26 Violence against Women and Girls ......................................................................................... 29 Prevalence of Forced and Underage Marriage .......................................................................... 30 Traditional Practices of Baad and Baadal ................................................................................ 32 II. The Crimes of “Running Away” and Zina ....................................................................... 34 “Running Away” ..................................................................................................................... 34 Zina ........................................................................................................................................ 36 III. Case Studies of “Running Away” and Zina ................................................................... 38 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for “Running Away” ................................................................ 41 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for “Running Away” Following Forced Marriage ....................... 47 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for “Running Away” from Impending Forced Marriage .............. 55 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for Zina ................................................................................. 60 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for Zina Following Child Marriage ........................................... 60 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for Zina after Being Raped ..................................................... 64 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for Zina after Being Kidnapped ............................................... 72 Women Imprisoned or Arrested for Zina Resulting from Forced Prostitution ............................. 74 IV. Injustice at Every Stage: The Role of Judges, Prosecutors, Police ................................. 78 Judges .................................................................................................................................... 79 Prosecutors and Police ........................................................................................................... 81 Family Response Units and Women Police Officers ................................................................. 84 Failure to Investigate and Prosecute Violence against Women ................................................ 86 “Confessions” ....................................................................................................................... 89 Presidential Pardons ............................................................................................................. 90 Shelters: Help for Some .......................................................................................................... 91 Dangers after Release ............................................................................................................ 94 Defense Representation ......................................................................................................... 95 Assistance from the Ministry of Women’s Affairs ..................................................................... 95 Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission ............................................................ 96 Marriage, Divorce, and Child Custody ...................................................................................... 97 V. Relevant Afghan and International Law ....................................................................... 100 Afghanistan’s Constitution ................................................................................................... 100 Offenses of Zina and “Running Away” ................................................................................... 101 Law on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (EVAW) ................................................... 104 Afghanistan’s Obligations under International Law ............................................................... 105 ICCPR ................................................................................................................................... 107 CEDAW ................................................................................................................................. 107 ICESCR ................................................................................................................................. 109 CRC ...................................................................................................................................... 110 VI. Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 113 To the President of Afghanistan .............................................................................................113 To the Supreme Court ............................................................................................................113 To the Attorney General ........................................................................................................ 114 To the Minister of Interior ....................................................................................................... 115 To the Minister of Women’s Affairs ........................................................................................ 116 To the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, Martyrs, and Disabled ............................................... 116 To the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) ............................................ 116 To the Afghan Independent Bar Association ........................................................................... 117 To the United Nations and International Donors ..................................................................... 117 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 119 Map of Afghanistan © 2012 Human Rights Watch iii Glossary of Acronyms and Terms AGO: Attorney General’s Office, responsible for prosecuting crimes. AIHRC: Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission, an independent government body responsible for monitoring and protecting human rights. Baad: Traditional practice involving giving a girl to another family to resolve a dispute. Baadal: The exchange of daughters between two families for marriage. Badam Bagh: Afghanistan’s largest women’s prison, located in Kabul. CEDAW: Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women. Civil Code: Afghan law containing provisions regarding divorce and child custody. CPD: Central Prison Directorate, responsible for running adult prisons. CRC: Convention on the Rights of the Child. DoWA: Department of Women’s Affairs, provincial offices representing the Ministry of Women’s Affairs. Dowry: Money given by a groom’s family to a bride as part of a marriage agreement. Escape from home: Alternative translation of “running away,” treated as a crime under article 130 of the Afghan Constitution. EVAW: Law on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, adopted by presidential decree in 2009. FRU: Family Response Units, units within the police designed to provide specialized assistance to women. Hanafi: School of Islamic law interpretation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Barnardo's – Running from Hate to What You Think Is Love
    Paradigm Research Social Research, Evaluation and Consultation Paradigm Research Social Research, Running fromEvaluation hate to what you thinkand Consultation is love: The relationship between running away and child sexual exploitation Emilie Smeaton Running from hate to what you think is love: The relationship between running away and child sexual exploitation Emilie Smeaton Acknowledgements Contents Part one: Introduction 7 There are many people to thank for their Thanks to Alison Worsley for her general support 1.1 Definitions used in the research and report 7 contribution and support in completing the action and work to complete this project. It should be 1.2 Setting the context: running away and CSE 8 research addressing the relationship between acknowledged that Alison played a key role in 1.3 The action research study addressing the relationship between running away and CSE 11 running away and child sexual exploitation. developing the evidence-based recommendations. Part two: Firstly, deepest thanks to the young people who Finally, thank you to Comic Relief for funding participated in the research and shared their lives this project. Research findings addressing the relationship between running away and CSE 17 and experiences. Thanks also to the professionals 2.1 Indication of prevalence of both running away and CSE 18 2.2 The relationship between running away and CSE 18 and parents who facilitated young people’s Further information participation in the research. 2.3 Impacts of experiencing running away and CSE 40 For more information about the research, Thank you to all the professionals who contributed please contact: Part three: to the research by sharing their views and [email protected] Diversity and running away and CSE 46 experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Terrorism Research, Volume 5, Issue 3 (2014)
    ISSN: 2049-7040 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Contents Articles 3 Drones, The US And The New Wars In Africa 3 by Philip Attuquayefio The Central Intelligence Agency’s Armed Remotely Piloted Vehicle-Supported Counter-Insurgency Campaign in Pakistan – a Mission Undermined by Unintended Consequences? 14 by Simon Bennett Human Bombing - A Religious Act 31 by Mohammed Ilyas Entering the Black Hole: The Taliban, Terrorism, and Organised Crime 39 by Matthew D. Phillips, Ph.D. and Emily A. Kamen The Theatre of Cruelty: Dehumanization, Objectification & Abu Ghraib 49 by Christiana Spens Book Review 70 Andrew Silke, et al., (edited by Andrew Silke). Prisons, Terrorism and Extremism: Critical Issues in Management, Radicalisation and Reform.Routledge: Oxon UK, 2014. pp. 282. £28.99. ISBN: 978-0-415- 81038-8. 70 reviewed by Robert W. Hand About JTR 74 JTR, Volume 5, Issue 3 – September 2014 Articles Drones, The US And The New Wars In Africa by Philip Attuquayefio This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Introduction ince the early 20th Century, Africa has witnessed varying degrees of subversion from the Mau Mau nationalist campaigners in Kenya in the 1950s to acts by rebel groups in the infamous intrastate wars Sof Sub-Saharan Africa. While the first movement evolved mainly from political acts geared towards the struggle for independence, the latter was mostly evident in attempts to obtain psychological or strategic advantages by combatants in the brutal civil wars of Liberia, Sierra Leone, the African Great Lakes region and a number of such civil war theatres in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Civilian Impact of Drone Strikes
    THE CIVILIAN IMPACT OF DRONES: UNEXAMINED COSTS, UNANSWERED QUESTIONS Acknowledgements This report is the product of a collaboration between the Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School and the Center for Civilians in Conflict. At the Columbia Human Rights Clinic, research and authorship includes: Naureen Shah, Acting Director of the Human Rights Clinic and Associate Director of the Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School, Rashmi Chopra, J.D. ‘13, Janine Morna, J.D. ‘12, Chantal Grut, L.L.M. ‘12, Emily Howie, L.L.M. ‘12, Daniel Mule, J.D. ‘13, Zoe Hutchinson, L.L.M. ‘12, Max Abbott, J.D. ‘12. Sarah Holewinski, Executive Director of Center for Civilians in Conflict, led staff from the Center in conceptualization of the report, and additional research and writing, including with Golzar Kheiltash, Erin Osterhaus and Lara Berlin. The report was designed by Marla Keenan of Center for Civilians in Conflict. Liz Lucas of Center for Civilians in Conflict led media outreach with Greta Moseson, pro- gram coordinator at the Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School. The Columbia Human Rights Clinic and the Columbia Human Rights Institute are grateful to the Open Society Foundations and Bullitt Foundation for their financial support of the Institute’s Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, and to Columbia Law School for its ongoing support. Copyright © 2012 Center for Civilians in Conflict (formerly CIVIC) and Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America. Copies of this report are available for download at: www.civiliansinconflict.org Cover: Shakeel Khan lost his home and members of his family to a drone missile in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission Internationale De Juristes Mission
    Commission internationale de juristes Mission La Commission internationale de juristes est consacree a la primaute, a la coherence et a l'application du droit international et des principes qui font progresser les droits de l'Homme. La Commission internationale de juristes (CIJ) se distingue par l'impartialite, l'objectivite et l'approche juridique faisant autorite qu'elle applique a la protec­ tion et a la promotion des droits de l'Homme par le biais du respect de la preeminence du droit. La CIJ fournit des services d'experts juridiques aux niveaux national et interna­ tional afin de garantir que le developpement du droit international reste fidele aux principes des droits de l'Homme et que les normes internationales soient mises en oeuvre au plan national. La Commission, creee a Berlin en 1952, est composee de 60 juristes eminents qui representent les divers systemes juridiques du monde. II incombe au Secretariat international, base a Geneve, de realiser les buts et objectifs de la Commission. Pour s'acquitter de cette tache, le Secretariat international beneficie d'un reseau de sections nationales autonomes et d'organisations affiliees implantees sur tous les continents. Parmi les distinctions decernees a la CIJ en hommage aux contributions qu'elle a apportees a la promotion et a la protection des droits de l'Homme figurent le premier Prix europeen des droits de l'Homme attribue par le Conseil de l'Europe, le Prix Wateler pour la paix, le Prix Erasme et le Prix des Nations Unies pour les droits de l'Homme. Commission internationale de juristes Case postale 216 - 81 A, avenue de Chatelaine CH - 1219 Chatelaine / Geneve - Suisse Tel: (+41 22) 979 38 00 Fax: (+41 22) 979 38 01 E-Mail: [email protected] Site web: www.icj.org ELEMENTS FOR A GENERAL RECOMMENDATION ON RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE TABLE OF CONTENTS I ntroduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Jirga: Justice and Conflict Transformation
    REPORT Security in South Asia CAMP (Community Appraisal and Motivation Programme) and Saferworld The Jirga: justice and conflict transformation March 2012 The Jirga: justice and conflict transformation COMMUNITY APPRAISAL AND MOTIVATION PROGRAMME and SAFERWORLD MARCH 2012 Acknowledgements This report represents an analysis of primary research commissioned by Community Appraisal and Motivation Programme (CAMP) and Saferworld in Pakistan during 2011. This report was co-authored by Christian Dennys and Marjana. This publication was designed by Jane Stevenson, and prepared under the People’s Peacemaking Perspectives Project. Particular thanks for their inputs into the research process go to Aezaz Ur Rehman, Neha Gauhar, Riaz-ul-Haq, Habibullah Baig, Naveed Shinwari and Fareeha Sultan from CAMP and Rosy Cave, Chamila Hemmathagama, Paul Murphy and Evelyn Vancollie from Saferworld. CAMP and Saferworld would like to thank officials from Government of Pakistan, members of civil society and all those people living in Lower Dir and Swat who shared their views and opinions despite the sensitive nature of the topic. We are grateful to the European Union (EU) for its financial support for this project. The People’s Peacemaking Perspectives project The People’s Peacemaking Perspectives project is a joint initiative implemented by Conciliation Resources and Saferworld and financed under the European Commission’s Instrument for Stability. The project provides European Union institutions with analysis and recommendations based on the opinions and experiences of local people in a range of countries and regions affected by fragility and violent conflict. © Saferworld March 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Death-Penalty-Pakistan
    Report Mission of Investigation Slow march to the gallows Death penalty in Pakistan Executive Summary. 5 Foreword: Why mobilise against the death penalty . 8 Introduction and Background . 16 I. The legal framework . 21 II. A deeply flawed and discriminatory process, from arrest to trial to execution. 44 Conclusion and recommendations . 60 Annex: List of persons met by the delegation . 62 n° 464/2 - January 2007 Slow march to the gallows. Death penalty in Pakistan Table of contents Executive Summary. 5 Foreword: Why mobilise against the death penalty . 8 1. The absence of deterrence . 8 2. Arguments founded on human dignity and liberty. 8 3. Arguments from international human rights law . 10 Introduction and Background . 16 1. Introduction . 16 2. Overview of death penalty in Pakistan: expanding its scope, reducing the safeguards. 16 3. A widespread public support of death penalty . 19 I. The legal framework . 21 1. The international legal framework. 21 2. Crimes carrying the death penalty in Pakistan . 21 3. Facts and figures on death penalty in Pakistan. 26 3.1. Figures on executions . 26 3.2. Figures on condemned prisoners . 27 3.2.1. Punjab . 27 3.2.2. NWFP. 27 3.2.3. Balochistan . 28 3.2.4. Sindh . 29 4. The Pakistani legal system and procedure. 30 4.1. The intermingling of common law and Islamic Law . 30 4.2. A defendant's itinerary through the courts . 31 4.2.1. The trial . 31 4.2.2. Appeals . 31 4.2.3. Mercy petition . 31 4.2.4. Stays of execution . 33 4.3. The case law: gradually expanding the scope of death penalty .
    [Show full text]
  • Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts
    Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts Shahnaz Begum Laghari PhD University of York Women’s Studies March 2016 Abstract The aim of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of honour-related violence, the most extreme form of which is honour killing. The research was conducted in Sindh (one of the four provinces of Pakistan). The main research question is, ‘Are these killings for honour?’ This study was inspired by a need to investigate whether the practice of honour killing in Sindh is still guided by the norm of honour or whether other elements have come to the fore. It is comprised of the experiences of those involved in honour killings through informal, semi- structured, open-ended, in-depth interviews, conducted under the framework of the qualitative method. The aim of my thesis is to apply a feminist perspective in interpreting the data to explore the tradition of honour killing and to let the versions of the affected people be heard. In my research, the women who are accused as karis, having very little redress, are uncertain about their lives; they speak and reveal the motives behind the allegations and killings in the name of honour. The male killers, whom I met inside and outside the jails, justify their act of killing in the name of honour, culture, tradition and religion. Drawing upon interviews with thirteen women and thirteen men, I explore and interpret the data to reveal their childhood, educational, financial and social conditions and the impacts of these on their lives, thoughts and actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacad286-All Access#7
    SoMeTIMeS You GeT IT rIGhT The fIrST TIMe . T AKe The CASe of show, and try to get more tone out of the drums. I con - hoobastank, a young California rock quartet who scored centrate a lot more on how and where I hit the drums, a major success with their self-titled 2001 debut. Their and I usually play a lot lighter. I also put my cymbals a lit - sound melded the dark aggression of such predecessors tle higher so they don’t bleed into the tom mics.” as Tool and Alice in Chains with a unique brand of radio- for both stage and studio, hesse relies on a Yamaha ready tunefulness. The result: The radio/video hits Absolute Maple Custom kit with a 22" kick, a 14”x6” cop - “I used to hang a picture of a “Crawling in the Dark” and “running Away.” per snare, 8”, 10”, and 12” rack toms, and a 16" floor now hoobastank has made good on the promise tom. “I used to work in a music store,” says Chris, “and Maple Custom Kit on my wall of their debut with The Reason, a disc that finds the Yamahas were always my favorites. They stood up group fleshing out its fundamental sound with lusher tex - against everything else. even their entry-level kits sound - as inspiration.” tures and even more assured playing from the rhythm ed better than most of the other high-end ones. I used to section of bassist Markku Lappalainen and drummer hang a picture of a Maple Custom kit on my wall as inspi - Chris hesse.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghan Opiate Trade 2009.Indb
    ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium Copyright © United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), October 2009 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the UNODC Studies and Threat Analysis Section (STAS), in the framework of the UNODC Trends Monitoring and Analysis Programme/Afghan Opiate Trade sub-Programme, and with the collaboration of the UNODC Country Office in Afghanistan and the UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia. UNODC field offices for East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Southern Africa, South Asia and South Eastern Europe also provided feedback and support. A number of UNODC colleagues gave valuable inputs and comments, including, in particular, Thomas Pietschmann (Statistics and Surveys Section) who reviewed all the opiate statistics and flow estimates presented in this report. UNODC is grateful to the national and international institutions which shared their knowledge and data with the report team, including, in particular, the Anti Narcotics Force of Pakistan, the Afghan Border Police, the Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan and the World Customs Organization. Thanks also go to the staff of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and of the United Nations Department of Safety and Security, Afghanistan. Report Team Research and report preparation: Hakan Demirbüken (Lead researcher, Afghan
    [Show full text]
  • ICC-02/17 Date: 20 November 2017 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER III Before
    ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 1/181 NM PT ras Original: English No.: ICC-02/17 Date: 20 November 2017 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER III Before: Judge Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua, Presiding Judge Judge Chang-ho Chung Judge Raul C. Pangalangan SITUATION IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN PUBLIC with confidential, EX PARTE, Annexes 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 6, public Annexes 4, 5 and 7, and public redacted version of Annex 1-Conf-Exp Public redacted version of “Request for authorisation of an investigation pursuant to article 15”, 20 November 2017, ICC-02/17-7-Conf-Exp Source: Office of the Prosecutor ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 2/181 NM PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Mrs Fatou Bensouda Mr James Stewart Mr Benjamin Gumpert Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants (Participation/Reparation) The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the Victims Defence States’ Representatives Amicus Curiae REGISTRY Registrar Defence Support Section Mr Herman von Hebel Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section Mr Nigel Verrill No. ICC- 02/17 2/181 20 November 2017 ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 3/181 NM PT I. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 6 II. Confidentiality .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Columbia Chronicle College Publications
    Columbia College Chicago Digital Commons @ Columbia College Chicago Columbia Chronicle College Publications 10-12-1998 Columbia Chronicle (10/12/1998) Columbia College Chicago Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.colum.edu/cadc_chronicle Part of the Journalism Studies Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Columbia College Chicago, "Columbia Chronicle (10/12/1998)" (October 12, 1998). Columbia Chronicle, College Publications, College Archives & Special Collections, Columbia College Chicago. http://digitalcommons.colum.edu/cadc_chronicle/426 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the College Publications at Digital Commons @ Columbia College Chicago. It has been accepted for inclusion in Columbia Chronicle by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Columbia College Chicago. INSIDE Campus 13 Vita1ity Get ready for a Get fit at the gym Fire red hot in the good scare playoffs! Bey docks at Columbia Seminar of success Sylvia Barragan photographer. In the beginning he took street shots Hy Leslie McClellan Swjf Writer Sia}f Wriler of people. snapping and then runni ng away. H considered this type of street photography a form The students all carne shuflling in one by one but these weren't This Fall, Columbia College welcomes well­ of mugging. He then learned to take pictures w ith ordinary Columbia college students. The students who gather every known pho!Ographcr Dawoud Bey. As those famil­ a type of Polaroid camera. so that his subjects Monday in room 504 of the Wabash bui lding arc part of a special sem­ iar with the Museum of Cont emporary cou ld have a copy immediately.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to the Criminal Law of Afghanistan (Second Edition) Pashto Translation
    د ا ن د ا دی دو پ An Introduction to the Criminal Law of Afghanistan (Second Edition) Pashto Translation ا ن د زده و وژ ه ( ALEP) د #" !رډ د ھ&%$ http://alep.stanford.edu [email protected] د #" !رډ د ھ&%$ *ون *ارډر() ۵۵٩ 1 0 ا/ت وي #" !رډ، *13!ر1 ، ٨۶١٠ – ٩۵٣٠۵ د ا ن 9 زده و وژه، د ا ن ا9A دی(دوھ@ ? پ) =>013 ;1::9 ;1:اCن: او او راج ران رګ ت ا ا ادران: # 1!0 اF1G ،FG ام D ن او د J K 3 2011 – 2010څ H د ALEP ډ;L Hی ٢٠٠٩ – ٢٠١٠ د L 013<= ALEPی ٢٠١١ – ٢٠١٢ د L 013<= ALEPی 3 " اان "! و) ھو رن &%$ # , () ھ#% 5س ر03 ) %* , ګ ٢٠٠٨ – ٢٠٠٩ د L 013<= ALEPی ا (# 6ا او او ,%ن *ک راج ران ٢٠١٠ – ٢٠١١ د L 013<= ALEPی ر+ ا8*# ت روز %#ا ا9 ٢٠٠٧ – ٢٠٠٨ د L 013<= ALEPی ا%0ا" ا:زا ا%! #ر "رد , 2ر (ن ,! "ګ ") %# "/ ,ز- 5س ری ا !01 %# ا رن ,2 !ن ب د ات و دو د ALEP وژې #O ران 6و2!ر ا> ,! د 6ھ <= ر? 5رري ا د ALEP د Q1G ن /HD ھG: ران ا8*# ( 2012) د دو را دورې ھG: ران , رو # (2012) 3 ګ (2011) "ن ھ (2010) 8# م. Bن (2009) "/ ,زف (2008) ج د ات و دو د #ر,ت 92 رودا ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... ح د ﭘﯾل ﺧﺑﺮې ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... ط ﻟوﻣ ی ﭘﺮﮐﯽ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 1 د ﺟﺰا ﺣﻘوق ﺳﺮﯾﺰه ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 1 .I ﺳﺮﯾﺰه ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 1 .II د ﺟﺰا ﺣﻘوﻗو ﻣوﺧﯥ ................................ ................................ ............................. 1 .1 ﺟﺰا ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 2 2.
    [Show full text]