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PERSPECTIVE OPEN ACCESS Assessment of Development Of Chakraborty & Chakma. Space and Culture, India 2020, 7:4 Page | 133 https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i4.532 PERSPECTIVE OPEN ACCESS Assessment of Development of Yuksom Gram Panchayat Unit in Sikkim using SWOT Model Sushmita Chakraborty†* and Dr Namita Chakma¥ Abstract SWOT model is a technique to appraise strategies for rural development. This study aims to apply this model to examine the development of Yuksom Gram Panchayat Unit (GPU) of West district of Sikkim, India. To accomplish this analysis, internal factor evaluation (IFE) matrix and external factor evaluation matrix (EFE) were prepared to identify the critical and less important factors for development. Finally, a framework for strategy has been formulated by linking ‘strength- opportunity’ (SO) and ‘weakness-threat’ (WT) aspects. Results show mountain environment sustainability as the most agreed one (SO) and on the other hand, implementation of ‘land bank scheme’ and microfinance (WT) as the alternate planning strategies for the development of the Yuksom area. Keywords: SWOT Analysis; ‘Land Bank Scheme’; Microfinance; Sikkim † Research Scholar, Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, 713104, West Bengal *Email: [email protected] ¥ Associate Professor, Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, 713104, West Bengal, Email: [email protected] Chakraborty & Chakma. Space and Culture, India 2020, 7:4 Page | 134 Introduction emphasis has been given to identifying the Development of a region is a multidimensional Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat concept, and it is one of the debated and critical factors (SWOT) which affect development. The issues in socio-economic research (Milenkovic et study also tries to formulate an alternative al., 2014). Economic growth and sustainable strategy for further development of this remote development are merely associated with the mountain village. Thus, SWOT analysis and the improvement of the quality of life (Sen 1987; resultant discussion may help the researchers UNDP, 1990; Dasgupta, 1993; Ghosh, 2011). For and the policymakers to identify the proper the socio-economic development of a particular ordering of the strategies for action planning at region, human development remains the a micro-level. primary concern. According to Kundu (2009), The Study Area “the problem of unequal access of different Sikkim, the beautiful Himalayan State comprises sections of the population to land, labour and ofa population of 610,577 with areal coverage of capital market and also the provision of basic 7096 sq. Km (Census of India, 2011). Yuksom amenities including education and health service (27°22ʹ24ʺ N, 88°13ʹ15ʺ E) was the first capital of have been identified as major areas of concern Sikkim in 1642 AD. The GPU consists of two in the country”. The main aim of the present villages, that is, Yuksam and Dubdi. The total study is to assess the development of Yuksom area of the GPU is 11.5 sq. Km. with a population Gram Panchayat Unit (GPU) of West district of of 2543 (Census of India, 2011). This area is Sikkim, India. It is noted that Sikkim is one of the mainly inhabited by the indigenous ‘Bhutia’, eight states of North East India. The North-East ‘Lepcha’ and ‘Limboo’ communities (Chakma council (NEC) of India was set up in 1971 with the and Chakraborty, 2018). The regional altitude of primary purpose of the rapid growth of North- this GPU ranges between 1500-3000m. Yuksom Eastern region (Bhandari and Kale, 2009). Sikkim, is the gateway to the Kanchenjunga Biosphere the 22nd state of Indian Union, is suffering from Reserve in West district of Sikkim (Figures 1, 2 systematic balanced development and it has and 3). become utmost essential to develop the remote rural areas, the problems of which are mired in Objectives of the Study economic, social and political factors. The present work has the following goals: Notwithstanding, “the development strategies . To analyse the existing internal and for any country are contingent upon the external factors for the development of prevailing initial conditions, quality of human the study area; and capital, geographical setting, political economy . To recommend strategies for the further and government policies” (Chandna, 2016: pp. development of the study area. 114). This scenario is the same for rural areas of Sikkim. SWOT (strength, weakness, Methods opportunities and threats) analysis is a useful The present study is based on primary field technique for strategic management research survey where a total number of 200 respondents (Sevkii et al., 2012) where ability of each factor have been randomly selected from the whole used in the development and execution of long GPU. A structured questionnaire has been used term planning strategies helps to achieve during the field survey. Both qualitative and particular goal (Houben et al., 1999; Gao and quantitative research methods have been used Peng, 2011; Sevkii et al., 2012). in the study. Qualitative research methods The central aim of this study is to analyse the include formal and informal interviews and focus development scenario of Yuksom GPU where the group discussion (FGD). Chakraborty & Chakma. Space and Culture, India 2020, 7:4 Page | 135 Figure 1: Kanchenjungha National Park, Yuksom Source: Authors Figure 2: Heritage Site, Yuksom Source: Authors Figure 3: Trekking Trail, Yuksom Source: Authors Chakraborty & Chakma. Space and Culture, India 2020, 7:4 Page | 136 To carry out the research, formal and informal Historical and cultural significance of the area interviews of 200 respondents in the GPU and (S8), Rural tourism development (S9), Road four FGDs have been conducted. FGD is a crucial condition and transport vehicle frequency (S10), tool to execute a particular theme of research. Sufficient nutritional centres (ICDS) (S11), Respondents of FGD were Government officials Regular market and Kishan Mandi facility ensure (1 FGD with the members of Yuksom Gram the retailing and commercial activities Panchayat Office), homestay owners of Yuksom (S12)Community participation in rural GPU (1 FGD), local villagers of Khyongte and Ting development programme is high (S13). Ting village of Yuksom GPU (1 FGD), tourists (1 Weakness factors are Unequal implications of FGDs) who visited the Yuksom. During the survey rural development schemes (W1), Lack of yearly of individual households and Government office health campaigning programmes (W2), Lack of (Gram Panchayet Office), the respondents were sub-post offices in the whole GPU (W3), No requested to gather at certain place of Yuksom private courier facilities (W4), Limited numbers to formulate the FGDs. Tourists who stay in of agricultural credit societies (W5), Limited hotels and homestays were also requested to numbers of self-help groups (SHG) (W6) and Non cooperate with our team for FGD. A team guide availability of ATM, commercial bank and co- (facilitator) has been selected from our team and operative banks (W7). the team has developed a format to record the responses. Questions were asked about their Opportunity factors are Set up of TB clinic (O1), perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, opinion or ideas Establishment of public library (O2), regarding the present village development Establishment of more PCO (O3), Establishment scenario, pull and push factors for development of family welfare centres (O4) and and further development strategies. Groups Implementation of housing development consisted of 8-12 people. Hindi and Nepali were schemes in all the villages (O5). main communication language. To analyse the Threat factors are Landslide hazard during the interviewed data, debriefing was important and rainy season (T1), Isolation of villages (T2), Low after the primary data collection, SWOT model level of basic services (T3) and Water scarcity (S-Strength, W-Weakness, O-Opportunity, T- (T4). Threat) has been used to assess the development. The rating scale of all the four factors has been measured through perception survey. Lastly, the SWOT analysis can be used both qualitatively weighted score for each SWOT parameters has and quantitatively. In the case of quantitative been calculated through multiplications of methods, Statistical SWOT analysis technique weighted values and rating scale. The weighted has been applied. Weighted values have been value for strength and opportunity range from given against strength, weakness, opportunities 0.01 (not important) to 1.0 (very important) and threats factors. 13 Strength factors, 7 whereas, the weighted value for weakness and weakness factors, 5 opportunity factors and 4 threats range from -0.01 (not important) to -1.0 threat factors have been identified through field (very important). On the other hand, the rating survey. scale for four factors measuring importance is The Strength factors are Well-developed also measured through perception survey education infrastructure (S1), High youth literacy ranging 1-3. 1 designates minor and 3 for major. rate (S2), Sufficient ASHA workers, medical SWOT analysis constitutes of few steps. Firstly, practitioners and availability of adequate the internal factor evaluation and external factor facilities of PHC (S3), Availability of maternity evaluation matrix (IFE and EFE) have been and child welfare centre (S4), Sufficient number prepared to identify the essential and less of birth and death registration offices (S5), important factors. Secondly, a framework has Tendency of service sector involvement of rural been made for strategy development
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