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Tukuyufocus Tanzania REPORT OF A MISSION CARRIED OUT IN THE TUKUYUFOCUS SOUTH-WEST OF THE LTNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA EAST AFRICA 2000 2 MISSION REPORT onchocerciasis vector elimination proj ect in the Tukuyu focus, South-west of the united Republic of Tarzania, East Africa ' Re-evaluation of the entomological situation 'Planning of the ground larvicirling treatments - Susceptibility tests with temephos. - River trials of B.t. H-14 (Telmar) I. INTRODUCTION For the actual implernentation of the vector elimination campaign in the Tukuyu focus using ground larviciding, I carried out a mission in the South -Western part of Tanzania fro- ZttOltZObO to27/0912000. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION - To re-evaluate the entomological situation on the whole of the hydrographic network of the focus - To participate in the first two rounds of treatment - To train the national technicians in the practice of large scale ground larviciding - To carry out susceptibility tests on the Kiwira and Lufilyo rivers - To retrain the laboratory technicians (dissection of S damnosum s.l female flies, differentiation ofthe aquatic stages ofS. damnosum s.l, screening ofthe susceptibilitytest larvae, mounting of the onchocerca larvae ....) - River trials of Bacillus thurinqiensis H-|4 3. TRAVEL 13/07/2000 Odiennd - Abidjan t5/07/2000 Abidjan - Malabo 27/0712000 Malabo - Abidjan 28/07/2000 Abidjan - Dar Es Salaam 04/08/2000 Dar Es Salaam - Tukuyu t9/09/2000 Tukuyu - Dar Es Salaam 2U09t2000 Dar Es Salaam - Nairobi 22/09/2000 Nairobi - Abidjan 24/0912000 Abidjan - Ouagadougou 29/09t2000 Ouagadougou - Bobo-Dioulasso 30/0912000 Bobo-Dioulasso - Odiennd J --s,; t; .{'rt tu -€ -S,* .#r .t s * * j-* '!ei- - tF-_ T t .*' ; lrn- ;i ?, ** 'q, .$tdi*e *rL 4. MEETINGS AT\[D COURTESY VISITS iN DAR ES SALAAM AND AT TUKUYU 4.1. With Dr. Mwambazi, Resident Representative of WHO in Tanzania On Monday 0ll08l2000,led by Dr. Mohamed Amri (deases prevention and control officer WHO Dar Es Salaam), Dr. Katenga (National Coordinator), Dr. B Maegga (NIMR station at Tukuyu) and myself paid a courtesy visit to Dr. Mwambazi, Representative of WHO. During the meeting which the Representative granted to us, Dr. Amri in his brief introductory statement presented the onchocerciasis vector elimination project in the Tukuyu focus, in particular the work carried out last year. In his answer, the Representative indicated that taking into account the general elections planned for the end October, the need for appropriate sensitization of all segments of the population of the focus, in particular the administrative authorities, the village leaders and the villagers was imperative before the beginning of larviciding operations to avoid any manipulation, wrong interpretation and exploitation of our activities for political purposes. Dr. Simon B. Katenga informed Dr. Mwambazi that during the CDTI activities, sensitization campaigrs on vector elimination had been carried out. However, he supported and recommended better sensitization before the beginning of the larviciding activities. 4 4.2. With the lVlanagement of NIMR (National Institute for Medical Research) On the same day, we were also received by: - Dr. Mwelecele NR Malecela, Director for Research and Training NIMR) Tanzania - Dr. Andrew Y. Kitua, National Director General for Research (D.S.M.) Dr. B Meagga briefed all these officers in charge about the objectives of my present mission 4.3. with the Director of the National Environmental Management council In relation to the steps initiated by Dr. B Meagga to obtain the necessary authorization to use the insecticides selected, we were received by the National Director of the Environmental Management council,, Dr. Magnus Ngoile, National Director and Dr. R.u. Muheto, his assistant. After the word of welcome by the director of the institution, Dr. Maegga briefly presented the vector elimination project by particularly explaining the use of temephos as the anti-blackfly larvicide selected. In my intervention, I presented the qualities required fiom any insecticide used as an anti- blackfly larvicide i.e.: selectivity, biodegradability, non-toxicity for men and animals. We also made a brief summary of the twenty five years vector control operations ofthe OCP Programm e, em phasizin g particularly the aquatic mon itorin g com ponent. After exchanging views for about twenty minutes on the subject, the Director of the National Management Council observed that such activities were unknown in Tanzania. Referring to specific cases, he said that in this pre-electoral period, as the products would be directly poured into the water of the rivers, negative reactions or even some complaints were to be feared, and even to be anticipated to come from all horizons : politicians, journalists (newspaper industry in particular), national or international organizations and institutions interested or involved in the managernent ofpesticides or the monitoring of the country's environment; hence the need for broad information of all the stakeholders. Therefore, he invited us: - to contact the institutions and organizations involved in the management of pesticides in Tanzania. - to address to him, as soon as possible, a correspondence relating to the use of these pesticides; he would forward the letter to all the appropriate levels of the hierarchy concerned. He further pointed out that in general the problems or difficulties occurring with the use or following the use of insecticides resulted from an inappropriate sensitization of the authorities and population concerned. Consequently, he advised us to await the various answers to the aforementioned correspondence before the effective implementation of our larviciding campaign. 4.4. With The District Commissioner In the absence of the Head of the district, we were received by his dputy, Mr. Ntupwa. This time, I was accompanied by Dr. Maegga's Assistant, Mr. Karoli D. Malley who, after the usual introductions, explained the subject of our visit. Following Mr. Malley, I specified the reasons of my current visit toTukuyu. Then, we wished to have the support of the district officials for the success of the onchocerciasis vector elimination campaign in the Tukuyu focus, in particular for the sensitization of all the officers in charge in the district (village chiefs, political representatives) living near the rivers where our sprayings would be carried out. Mr. Ntupwa, the District Administrative Secretary and deputy to the Head of the district said he had some knowledge of onchocerciasis because he attended a seminar dealing with this plague. 5 PROSPECTI0I flarval checkl :1 ':1. ...1,1 . ' .i!ii: .. r 1., . Following the presentation of his district (geography, economy, in particular agricultural economy and tourism), the deputy in his answer congratulated us for the work already accomplished and urged us to continue with it not only for the benefit of the bordering populations, and even of all the inhabitants of the Tukuyu district, but also of all the Tanzanian people as a whole because Tukuyu is one of the big foodsrufr producing areas of the country. For sensitization, we shatl make every effort to inform the population concerned as well as all administrative officers and political leaders he concluded. 5. TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 5.1. Preparatory meeting A meeting to prepare for the field activities connected with the effective start up of ground larviciding for the elimination of S. damnosum from the Tukuyu focus of onchocerciasis was held on 05/08/2000 in the NIMR station office at Tukuyu. The capturers, the laboratory technicians, the scientist (biologist), the bio statistician serving as deputy to Dr. Maegga, the head of the station on mission in Dar Es Salaam, attended the meeting. The meeting reviewed all the questions relating to the practical organization of the work, in particular the logistics, the equipment for collection, susceptibility tests, river trials, mapping etc... The work plan, as well as the composition of the team which would be responsible for carrying out the work was also discussed. It was thus agreed that all the planning of the activities would be done by the consultant. We seized this occasion to strongly sensitize the capturers and technicians on the importance oftheirjob, each in his specific area of intervention, with examples and actual facts. Particular emphasis was put on the catches. In concluding the meeting, each participant promised to give the best of himself for the success of the project. 5.2. Planning of the activities Based on the discussions we had during the meeting of 05/08/2000, and the plan of action drawn on 2l/06/2000, the work plan was established as follows: - Coding of the rivers - Mapping of the points of application ofthe larvicides according to the data available - Susceptibility tests on the Kiwira and Lufilyo rivers - Prospection and search for access roads to the points oflarvicide spraying - River trials of Teknar on the Mbaka Lufilyo rivers - Training of the technicians in actual scale ground larviciding 6 - Make up of the treatment teams, drawing up of the circuits - Re-training of the laboratory technicians (dissection of the female flies, identification of the aquatic stages of the vector, determination of the various larval stages of S. damnosum g,!.). 5.3. Coding of the rivers We carried out the coding of the rivers and of their tibutaries (see table and map in appendix). 5.4. Mapping of the points of application (see map) 5..5. Susceptibility tests on the Kiwira and Lufilyo rivers Two susceptibility tests were carried out on the Kiwira and Lufilyo rivers (see results in appendix). With a CL95 of 0.384 mg/l for high mortality, the results indicate a good susceptibility to temephos on these two rivers. However, an increased presence of dying larvae on the Kiwira river was noted. In addition to the observations made during the first tests, it should be noted tl:a;t a plant for the treatment of coal extracted from the surrounding mountains is located upstream of the breeding sites where the collection of larvae was carried out.
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