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Encrypted D3.5 SYNER-G Fragility Functions for Water Waste Water

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Encrypted D3.5 SYNER-G Fragility Functions for Water Waste Water D 3.5 DELIVERABLE PROJECT INFORMATION Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Analysis for Project Title: Buildings, Lifeline Networks and Infrastructures Safety Gain Acronym: SYNER-G Project N°: 244061 Call N°: FP7-ENV-2009-1 Project start: 01 November 2009 Project end: 31 October 2012 DELIVERABLE INFORMATION D3.5 - Fragility functions for water and waste-water Deliverable Title: system elements Date of issue: 31 October 2010 Work Package: WP3 – Fragility functions of elements at risk Deliverable/Task Leader: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) Reviewer: Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) REVISION: Final Project Coordinator: Prof. Kyriazis Pitilakis Institution: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki e-mail: [email protected] fax: + 30 2310 995619 telephone: + 30 2310 995693 Abstract This deliverable provides the technical report on the assessment of fragility functions for water and waste-water system elements. This deliverable comprises four main parts. A short review of past earthquake damages on water and waste-water system elements is provided in the first part, including the description of physical damages, the identification of main causes of damage and the classification of failure modes. The following two parts deal with the identification of the main typologies of water and waste-water system components and the general description of existing methodologies, damage states definitions, intensity indexes and performance indicators of the elements. In the next part the validation of the available vulnerability functions for pipes is provided based on damage data from recent European earthquakes (Düzce and Lefkas). Finally, improved vulnerability functions for the individual components are proposed along with the coding and digital description of fragility functions. Keywords: fragility functions, vulnerability, water system, waste-water system i Acknowledgments The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement n° 244061. iii Deliverable Contributors [AUTH] Alexoudi Maria, Dr. Civil Engineer, MSc Kyriazis Pitilakis, Professor Argyro Souli, Civil Engineer, MSc v Table of Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Damages from past earthquakes ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1 PHYSICAL DAMAGES / MAIN CAUSES OF DAMAGE OF WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS.................................................................................................................. 3 2.1.1 Tanks ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Water Treatment Plant..................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 Canals.............................................................................................................. 7 2.1.4 Tunnels ............................................................................................................ 8 2.1.5 Pipes................................................................................................................ 9 2.1.6 Pumping Stations............................................................................................. 9 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF FAILURE MODES / DIRECT LOSSES OF WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS.................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Pipes................................................................................................................ 9 2.3 PHYSICAL DAMAGES / MAIN CAUSES OF DAMAGE OF WASTE-WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS................................................................................................ 13 2.3.1 Waste-Water Treatment Plant ....................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Tunnels .......................................................................................................... 15 2.3.3 Pipes.............................................................................................................. 15 2.3.4 Lift Station...................................................................................................... 15 3 Methodology for the vulnerability assessment of water and waste-water system elements...... 16 3.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN TYPOLOGIES OF WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS................................................................................................................ 16 3.1.1 Water Source................................................................................................. 17 3.1.2 Water Treatment Plant................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Pumping Station ............................................................................................ 18 3.1.4 Storage .......................................................................................................... 19 3.1.5 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) ..................................... 20 3.1.6 Conduits......................................................................................................... 21 3.2 SYNER-G TYPOLOGIES OF WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS .................................. 26 3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN TYPOLOGIES OF WASTE-WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS................................................................................................................ 28 3.3.1 Conduits......................................................................................................... 29 vii 3.3.2 Waste-water Treatment Plant ........................................................................ 30 3.3.3 Lift station ...................................................................................................... 31 3.3.4 Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) ..................................... 32 3.4 SYNER-G TYPOLOGIES OF WASTE-WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS .................... 33 3.5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING METHODOLOGIES................................ 34 3.6 DAMAGE STATES OF WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS ............................................ 34 3.6.1 Water Source................................................................................................. 34 3.6.2 Water Treatment Plant................................................................................... 35 3.6.3 Pumping Station ............................................................................................ 35 3.6.4 Storage tanks................................................................................................. 35 3.6.5 Canal ............................................................................................................. 35 3.6.6 Pipes.............................................................................................................. 35 3.6.7 Tunnels .......................................................................................................... 36 3.7 DAMAGE STATES OF WASTE-WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS .............................. 36 3.7.1 Waste-Water Treatment Plant ....................................................................... 36 3.7.2 Conduits......................................................................................................... 36 3.7.3 Lift station ...................................................................................................... 36 3.8 INTENSITY INDEXES ............................................................................................... 36 3.8.1 Water System Elements ................................................................................ 37 3.8.2 Waste-Water System Elements..................................................................... 39 3.9 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS................................................................................ 39 3.9.1 Water System/ component performance indicators....................................... 40 3.9.2 Waste-Water System/ component performance indicators............................ 45 4 Fragility functions for water and waste-water system elements.................................................. 49 4.1 STATE-OF-THE-ART FRAGILITY CURVES PER COMPONENT OF WATER SYSTEM .................................................................................................................... 49 4.2 STATE-OF-THE-ART FRAGILITY CURVES PER COMPONENT OF WASTE- WATER SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 61 4.3 VALIDATION / ADAPTATION / IMPROVEMENT...................................................... 63 4.3.1 Validation of vulnerability models for pipes.................................................... 64 4.4 FINAL PROPOSAL .................................................................................................... 77 4.4.1 WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS...................................................................... 77 4.4.2 WASTE-WATER SYSTEM ELEMENTS........................................................ 91 5 Coding and digital description of fragility functions.................................................................... 98 viii List of Figures Fig. 2-1 Tank failure in Izmit (Kocaeli 《arthquake,1999). ....................................................... 5 Fig. 2-2 Water pipe failure of north
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