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© in This Web Service Cambridge University Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88715-1 - An Introduction to Plant Fossils Christopher J. Cleal & Barry A. Thomas Index More information Index Abscission 33, 76, 81, 82, 119, Antarctica 25, 26, 93, 117, 150, 153, Baiera 169 150, 191 209, 212 Balme, Basil 24 Acer 195, 198, 216 Antheridia 56, 64, 88 Bamboos 197 Acitheca 49, 119 Antholithus 31 Banks, Harlan P. 28 Acorus 194 Araliaceae 191 Baragwanathia 28, 43, 72, 74 Acrostichum 129, 130 Araliosoides 187 Bark 67 Actinocalyx 190 Araucaria 157, 159, 160, 164, 181 Barsostrobus 76 Adpressions 3, 4, 9, 12, 38 Araucariaceae 163, 212, 214 Barthel, Manfred 21 Agathis 157 Araucarites 163 Bean, William 29 Agavaceae 192 Arber, Agnes 19, 65 Beania 30 Agave 193 Arber, E. A. Newell 18, 19, 30 ReconstructionofBeania-tree169,172 Aglaophyton 64 Arcellites 133 Bear Island 94, 95 Agriculture 220 Archaeanthus 187, 189 Beck, Charles 69 Alethopteris 46, 144, 145 Archaeocalamitaceae 97, 205 Belgium 19, 22, 39, 68, 112, 129 Algae 55 Archaeocalamites 9799, 100, 105 Belize 125 Alismataceae 194 Archaeopteridales 69 Bennettitales 33, 157, 170, 171, Allicospermum 165 Archaeopteris 39, 40, 68, 69, 71, 153 172174, 182, 211214 Allochthonous assemblages 3, 11 Archaeosperma 137, 139 Bennie, James 24 Alnus 24, 179, 216 Archegonia 56, 135, 137 Bentall, R. 24 Aloe 192 Arctic-Alpine flora 219 Bertrand, Paul 18 Alternating generations 1, 5557, 85 Arcto-Tertiary flora 117, 215, 216 Bertrandia 114 Amerosinian Flora 96, 97, 205, Argentina 3, 77, 130, 164 Betulaceae 179, 195, 215 206, 208 Ariadnaesporites 132 Bevhalstia 188 Amber, preservation in 7, 42, 194 Arnold, Chester 28, 29, 67 Binney, Edward 21 Anabathra 81 Arthropitys 97, 101 Biomes 51 Andrews, Henry N. 22 Arthroxylon 97, 101 Biostratigraphy 13, 24, 5052 Androstrobus 172 Artis, Edmund 16, 17, 21 Biozones 50, 81 Anemia 121 Artisia 153, 155 Black Hills, Dakota 33 Aneurophytales 69, 138 Artisophyton 114 Blechnaceae 127, 129 Angara Flora 27, 75, 77, 150, 205, Asphodelacea 192 Botrychium 114, 122 208, 211 Aspidistes 115, 127, 128, 129 Botryopteridaceae 114 Angaraodendron 77 Aspidium 128 Botryopteris 115 Angarophloios 77 Asplenium1181 Bowenia 168 Angiopteris 113, 121 Asteliaceae 192 Bower, Frederick Orpen 1918 Angiosperms 1, 10, 3335, 67, Asterochlaena 108 Bowerbank, James Scott 34 128, 130, 132, 165, 170, Asterophyllites 100, 101, 102, 103, 105 Brachyphyllum 162 174, 175, 178201, 203, Asterothecaceae 112 Bracts 163, 164, 180 213, 214 Asteroxylon 43, 64, 73, 74, 75 Brandon Tertiary lignite 34 Definition of 178180 Atmosphere, composition of 13, 55 Brasilodendron 77 Earliest 184 Australia 25, 26, 28, 43, 74, 93, Brazil 77, 108, 117, 130, 196 Leaves 182, 185 102, 108, 117, 121, 150, British Geological Survey 18 Possible ancestors of 152, 153, 174, 153, 168, 196, 203, 207, British Isles 53, 54, 219 175, 182183 209, 211 British National Coal Board 2425 Anisophylly 77 Austria 173, 174 Brongniart, Adolphe 1516, 25, 48 Ankyropteris 108, 115 Authigenic mineralizations 4, 7, 155 Bryophyta 1, 11, 57, 59, 63, 64 Annularia 99, 101, 102, 103 Autochthonous assemblages 2, 11 Buckland, William 30 Anomozamites 171 Autunia 149 Bulbils 106 Anonaceae 199 Axelrodia 185 Bumbudendron 77 Anonaspermum 199 Azolla 130, 133 Bundle sheaths 196 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88715-1 - An Introduction to Plant Fossils Christopher J. Cleal & Barry A. Thomas Index More information INDEX 231 Buriadiaceae 161 Cedrelospermum 195 Cordyline 192 Butterworth, Mavis 24 Cedrus 160 Cornetipollis 186 Cenozoic 10, 92, 163, 165, 192201 Cortex 58, 63, 85, 144, 148 C4/C3, photosynthesis 197 Central Asia 186 Corylus 200 Calamites3,49,99,100,101,102,104,206 Cereals 197 Corynepteris 114, 120 Calamocarpon 101, 104 Cercidophyllaceae 215 Corystosperms see Umkomasiales Calamodendron 97, 101 Cerro Cuadrado 164 Crane, Peter R. 35 Calamophyton 93, 108, 112 Chandler, Marjory 34 Craspedodromophyllum 202 Calamostachyaceae 99, 101, 102, Charophytes 1, 59 Crepet, William L. 33 104105 Charcoal see Fusian Cretaceous Period 4, 11, 25, 30, 33, Calamostachys 103, 104 Cheilanthes 107 3435, 42, 43, 74, 77, 92, 106, Calder, Mary 33 Cheirolepidiaceae 164, 165, 166, 180, 121, 122, 125, 126, 128, 130, Callipteris 149 211, 212 132, 133, 157, 159, 164, 167, Callistophytales 138, 139, 142, Chibotium 108 169, 173, 174, 183, 186194, 147149, 206 Chile 121 212214, 215 Callistophyton 147 China 7, 20, 22, 26, 37, 77, 90, 98, 117, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction 35, Callixylon 39, 68, 69 121, 142, 149, 150, 158, 165, 169, 163, 170, 174, 209, 214215 Callospermarion 148 171, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 211 Crookall, Robert 18, 19 Cambium 57 Chloranthaceae 189 Cross, Aureal 22 Vascular cambium 67, 180 Chloranthistemon 189 Crossotheca 114 Canada 6, 9, 11, 28, 31, 36, 43, 54, 67, Christensenia 112 Crossothecaceae 114 74, 77, 81, 87, 97, 115, 117, 121, Chromosomes 55 Crossozamia 171 122, 126, 128, 132, 133, 146, 147, Cladophlebis 117 Crow, Francis 34 194, 215 Cladoxylales 93, 95, 97, 100, 106 Croziers of fern fronds 118 Canary Islands 107, 159, 216 Clarno Nut Bed 197, 200 Cryptospores 59 Capitulum 152 Classopollis 164 Culcita 125 Capulisporites 132 Clathropteris 125 Culmitschia 161, 162 Carboniferous Period 6, 7, 1620, 21, Club mosses see Lycophyta Cupressaceae 162, 163, 164, 30, 31, 47, 49, 80, 90, 92, 102, 110, Coal and peat 3, 9, 11, 13, 1620, 26, 213, 215 115, 116, 153, 183, 191, 204208 108, 111, 117, 154, 209, 212, 217 Cupressinocladus 162 Mississippian Subperiod 4, 8, 23, Coal petrology 2324 Cupressus 162 7577, 84, 95, 9799, 106108, Coal Forests 12, 50, 60, 80, 86, 147, Cupules 23, 135, 137, 141, 174, 175 113, 139141, 142, 205, 207 205, 206, 207 Curation and documentation 52 PennsylvanianSubperiod3,4,6,8,9, Coal balls 7, 9, 2122, 41 Cuticles and epidermis 6, 11, 21, 30, 11, 12, 25, 26, 36, 39, 42, 44, 47, 59, Cocos 193 31, 4041, 58, 62, 63, 72, 75, 83, 64, 68, 70, 72, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 86, Coleochaete 59 86, 143, 145, 146, 155, 162, 170, 87, 88, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, Collinson, Margaret E. 34, 36 172, 187, 212 103, 110112, 113, 115, 117, 119, Combreteae 188 Cyathea 126 120, 121, 138, 139, 141149, 152, Compressions 4 Cyatheaceae 126, 212 153154, 155, 158, 163, 205208 Cones 103, 104, 157, 160161, 163, Cyathocarpus 49, 110111, 118, 119 Carboniferous Congresses 20, 36 164, 165, 166, 168, 170, 176, 204 Cycadaceae 169 Carpels 174, 185, 187 Conifers 3, 11, 25, 30, 33, 42, 67, Cycadales 25, 30, 135, 137, 146, 157, Carruthers, William 30 82, 128, 135, 137, 148, 153, 166170, 171, 182, 205, 208, 209, Caryophyllaceae 191 157164, 166, 170, 171, 180, 211213 Castanea 179 181, 183, 191, 194, 205, 206, Cycadeoidea 30 Casts 6, 9 208, 209, 211, 215 Cycadofilices 138 Pith casts 7 Coniopteris 126, 127 Cycadophyte foliage 170 Prepared 4244 Continental drift 26, 35, 150 Cycas 166169 Catalogues 36 Cookson, Isabel 28 Cyclogranisporites 43, 75 Caulopteris 114 Cooksonia 2829, 6063, 85, 86 Cyclopteris 143 Caytonanthus 174 Cordaitanthales 7, 25, 148, 153154, Cyclostigma 45, 77, 79 Caytonia 31, 174, 175 155, 160, 166, 209 Cynepteris 11 Caytoniales 31, 153, 157, 174175, Cordaites 155, 156 Cystosporites 43, 75, 89 182, 214 Cordaitanthus 155 Czech Republic 59, 61, 77, 86, 198 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88715-1 - An Introduction to Plant Fossils Christopher J. Cleal & Barry A. Thomas Index More information 232 INDEX Daber, Rudolf 28 Elatides 163 Fraxinopsis 176 Damage by animals and fungi 10, 11 Elatocladus 162 Friis, Else Marie 35 Danaea 113 Elkinsia 137, 139 Fronds 106, 110, 111, 114, 116, Danaeopteris 113 Elkinsiaceae 139141 119, 123, 138, 139, 142, 143, Darrah, William C. 18, 19, 22 Embryophytes 1 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 166, Darwin, Charles 3, 10, 16 Embryos 1, 56, 135, 137 169, 171, 173 Davallia 128 Embryo sac 135, 137 Frond architecture 143 Davies, David 18, 19 Emporia 161, 163 Fruits 196, 197, 199, 200, 201 Dawson, John William 28 Eneste 200 Fungi 1 Dechellyia 176 Engelhardia 198 Furcula 185197 Deciduous 191, 215, 216 England 4, 8, 11, 16, 2122, 2324, 31, Fusain 10, 13, 158, 182, 188, 189 Delevoryas, Theodore 33 43, 44, 45, 50, 61, 62, 67, 77, 78, Dennstaedtiaceae 128, 129 79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 101, Galium 96, 97 Dennstaedtiopsis 129 103, 113, 118, 121, 127, 128, 129, Gametes 56, 135, 137 Dernbachia 108 130, 132, 133, 140, 147, 148, 155, Gametophytes 1, 5657, 64, 71, 119, Desert conditions 212 158, 159, 163, 165, 166, 170, 171, 135, 136, 137 Deviacer 200 173, 193, 197, 199, 201 Gangamopteris 152 Devonian Period 7, 8, 10, 19, 27, 28, Eoantha 176 GaspØ, New Brunswick 28 29, 31, 42, 43, 45, 59, 60, 61, Epacridaceae 199 Geinitzia 162 6369, 70, 7274, 75, 76, 77, 79, Ephedra 175, 178 Geoconservation 5254 86, 9396, 106108, 112, 135, Epidermis see Cuticles British Institute for Geological 137, 139, 140, 203204, 205 Equisetaceae 104105 Conservation 54 Diaphorodendron 81 Equisetisporites 186 Geological Conservation Review 53 Dicksonia 108, 126 Equisetites 105 Geoparks 54 Dicksoniaceae 125126 Equisetum 93, 94, 97, 100, 101, 102, 104 GEOSITES 54 Dicksonites 148 Eremopteris 148 World Heritage sites 54 Dicotyledons 180, 194 Erobacia 126 Germany 6, 15, 19, 24, 42, 45, 64, 73, Dicranopteris 125 Escalloniaceae 188 77, 78, 90, 98, 117, 123, 142, 149, Dicroidium 175, 211 Esgueiria 188 161, 163, 167 Dijkstra, Sijben Jan 24 Eskdalia 62, 77, 84, 86 Ghana 107, 193 Dinophyton 176 Estinnophyton 43, 74, 75 Gillespie, William 36 Dioecious 153, 164, 166, 176 Eucommiidites 185 Ginkgo 153, 165, 167, 169, 175 Diphasiatrum 72 Eusphenopteris
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