Jet Stream the Jet Stream Is Like a River of Wind High Above in the Atmosphere

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February 11, 2020 Jet Stream The Jet Stream is like a river of wind high above in the atmosphere. These slim strips of strong winds have a huge influence on climate, as they can push air masses around and affect weather patterns. NOTES: *Jet Stream is a band of wind high above the atmosphere February 11, 2020 Jet Stream The Polar Jet Stream has the greatest affect on the United States is found below the North Pole. NOTES: *Jet Stream runs WEST to EAST *Barrier between Hot and Cold Air *Greater the temperature difference the faster it moves *Pushes air masses around *Jet Stream drops down and brings cold air (DOWN=COLD AIR) *Jet Stream moves up and brings warm air (UP=WARM AIR) KEY WORD: Jet Stream = fast wind that moves weather/air masses February 11, 2020 Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream is a powerful current in the Atlantic Ocean. Winds push water in the Atlantic towards the East coast of the United States. In turn, the Gulf Stream affects the climate of the areas closest to the current by bringing warmer temperatures. NOTES: *Water Current brings warm temperatures *Affects the EAST COAST of the United States KEY WORD: GULF STREAM = WARM TEMPERATURES & EAST COAST February 11, 2020 Coriolis Effect The Coriolis Effect is the curving of the wind caused by the Earth's rotation. The Coriolis Effect plays an important part in the movement of different weather patterns all around the world. Especially when it comes to ocean currents like the Gulf Stream. NOTES: *Curving of the wind caused by Earth's Rotation February 11, 2020 El Niño El Niño is a warming of the surface water of the western and central Pacific Ocean, occurring every 4 to 12 years and causing unusual weather patterns. El Niño tends to bring warm temperatures and rain to the west coast of the United States. NOTES: *El Niño is the warming of water in the Pacific Ocean *Brings warmer temperatures and rain February 11, 2020 El Niño El Niño can result in a stormy winter along the West Coast. A wet winter across the South. A warmer-than average winter for parts of the North. Click Here to Learn More NOTES: *Brings Stormy weather along West Coast *Dry across the Southwest & Midwest *Rainy Winters in SOUTHEAST *Warmer temperatures KEY WORD: El Niño = RAIN & WARM February 11, 2020 La Niña La Niña a cooling of the surface water of the western and central Pacific Ocean, occurring every 4 to 12 years and causing unusual weather patterns. La Niña features drier and milder conditions across the South, the Pacific Northwest will become wetter than normal, while the Northeast will have cold periods. NOTES: *La Niña is the cooling of water in the Pacific Ocean *Brings mild and dry weather across the South *Brings more rain along the West Coast KEY WORD: La Niña = DRY & MILD.

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The Gulf Stream
The Gulf Stream Prepared by Distribution Branch Physical Science Services Section October 1985 (Educational Pamphlet No. 11) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Rockville, Maryland The Gulf Stream, a vast and powerful Atlantic Ocean cutrent, is first discernible in the Straits of Florida. In this area, the Stream is like a river 40 miles wi~e, 2,000 feet deep, flowin~ at a velocity of five miles an hour, and discharging 100 billion tons of water per hour. From the Straits of Florida, it takes a very narrow course up the North American coast to Newfoundland and then veers toward Europe (Fig. 1). Within the Straits, the lateral boundaries of the Gulf Stream are fairly well fixed, but when it flows into the open sea its boundaries become indefinite. Northeast of Cape Hatteras, the Stream often forms great looping meanders which change position with time. The major axis of the Stream within the Straits of Florida is known to mi~rate laterally; that is, it moves closer to or farther from the coast. As with most large natural phenomena, the Gulf Stream has given rise to a number of amazing legends--the products of much imagination and only a little knowledge. Early ideas were restricted by the very crude description of the Stream then available and, more importantly, by the fact that there was no well-developed knowledge of t'his physical characteristics--the velocity, volume, position, andvariation of flow.
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Tornado Safety Q & A
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Lesson 8: Currents
Standards Addressed National Science Lesson 8: Currents Education Standards, Grades 9-12 Unifying concepts and Overview processes Physical science Lesson 8 presents the mechanisms that drive surface and deep ocean currents. The process of global ocean Ocean Literacy circulation is presented, emphasizing the importance of Principles this process for climate regulation. In the activity, students The Earth has one big play a game focused on the primary surface current names ocean with many and locations. features Lesson Objectives DCPS, High School Earth Science Students will: ES.4.8. Explain special 1. Define currents and thermohaline circulation properties of water (e.g., high specific and latent heats) and the influence of large bodies 2. Explain what factors drive deep ocean and surface of water and the water cycle currents on heat transport and therefore weather and 3. Identify the primary ocean currents climate ES.1.4. Recognize the use and limitations of models and Lesson Contents theories as scientific representations of reality ES.6.8 Explain the dynamics 1. Teaching Lesson 8 of oceanic currents, including a. Introduction upwelling, density, and deep b. Lecture Notes water currents, the local c. Additional Resources Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream, and their relationship to global 2. Extra Activity Questions circulation within the marine environment and climate 3. Student Handout 4. Mock Bowl Quiz 1 | P a g e Teaching Lesson 8 Lesson 8 Lesson Outline1 I. Introduction Ask students to describe how they think ocean currents work. They might define ocean currents or discuss the drivers of currents (wind and density gradients). Then, ask them to list all the reasons they can think of that currents might be important to humans and organisms that live in the ocean.
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Extratropical Cyclones and Anticyclones
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Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Toolkit
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOES TOOLKIT A planning guide for public health and emergency response professionals WISCONSIN CLIMATE AND HEALTH PROGRAM Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health dhs.wisconsin.gov/climate | SEPTEMBER 2016 | [email protected] State of Wisconsin | Department of Health Services | Division of Public Health | P-01037 (Rev. 09/2016) 1 CONTENTS Introduction Definitions Guides Guide 1: Tornado Categories Guide 2: Recognizing Tornadoes Guide 3: Planning for Severe Storms Guide 4: Staying Safe in a Tornado Guide 5: Staying Safe in a Thunderstorm Guide 6: Lightning Safety Guide 7: After a Severe Storm or Tornado Guide 8: Straight-Line Winds Safety Guide 9: Talking Points Guide 10: Message Maps Appendices Appendix A: References Appendix B: Additional Resources ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Wisconsin Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Toolkit was made possible through funding from cooperative agreement 5UE1/EH001043-02 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the commitment of many individuals at the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS), Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health (BEOH), who contributed their valuable time and knowledge to its development. Special thanks to: Jeffrey Phillips, RS, Director of the Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, DHS Megan Christenson, MS,MPH, Epidemiologist, DHS Stephanie Krueger, Public Health Associate, CDC/ DHS Margaret Thelen, BRACE LTE Angelina Hansen, BRACE LTE For more information, please contact: Colleen Moran, MS, MPH Climate and Health Program Manager Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health 1 W. Wilson St., Room 150 Madison, WI 53703 [email protected] 608-266-6761 2 INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of the Wisconsin Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes Toolkit is to provide information to local governments, health departments, and citizens in Wisconsin about preparing for and responding to severe storm events, including tornadoes.
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Lesson 5: How Are Air Quality Data Communicated to the Public?
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Tornado Procedures
FLINT PUBLIC LIBRARYLIBRARY EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN FOR MAIN BRANCH 1026 E KEARSLEY ST FLINT MI 48503 TORNADO PROCEDURES Table of Contents General Purpose / Definitions and Conditions Contact person Tornado Watch Notification Tornado Shelter Locations Termination of Watches and Warnings DATE: MAY 2, 2006 1 FLINT PUBLIC LIBRARY TORNADO WEATHER PROCEDURES I. PURPOSE The purpose of the Flint Public Library Tornado Weather procedures is to outline how the Library’s Staff, patrons and students are to respond to tornado watches, tornado warnings, and actual tornadoes. II. DEFINITIONS A. Weather Alert System is a radio alert system that is located in the Loan Department workroom area. The system is activated with a alarm tone proceed with a verbal message by the Emergency Management Office with the current weather conditions. B. Contact Person - Staff person in charge on that day is responsible for receiving and disseminating all messages received over the Weather Alert System. If the Person in charge is unavailable their alternate will assume the responsibility. TORNADO CONDITIONS Tornado Watches : are issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrative National Severe Storm Forecast Center, Norman Oklahoma, to identify areas where conditions are favorable for tornado formation. A watch is an alert telling staff to continue with their daily routine, but to be ready to respond to a warning. Tornado Warnings : are issued by the local National Weather Service facility, in White Lake, Michigan, and means a tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. Persons close to the storm should take shelter immediately, and remain there until the U.S. Weather Service warning has expired.
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Severe Weather/Tornado Response Procedure, # EP-08-002
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Migration and Climate Change
Migration and Climate Change No. 31 The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. _______________ IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. _______________ Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel: +41.22.717 91 11 Fax: +41.22.798 61 50 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.iom.int Copy Editor: Ilse Pinto-Dobernig _______________ ISSN 1607-338X © 2008 International Organization for Migration (IOM) _______________ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 11_08 Migration and Climate Change1 Prepared for IOM by Oli Brown2 International Organization for Migration Geneva CONTENTS Abbreviations 5 Acknowledgements 7 Executive Summary 9 1. Introduction 11 A growing crisis 11 200 million climate migrants by 2050? 11 A complex, unpredictable relationship 12 Refugee or migrant? 1 2.
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The Benjamin Franklin and Timothy Folger Charts of the Gulf Stream
The Benjamin Franklin and Timothy Folger Charts of the Gulf Stream Philip L Richardson Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543 [email protected] [email protected] 1 Introduction In September 1978 I found two prints of the first Franklin-Folger chart of the Gulf Stream in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. Although this chart had been mentioned by Franklin in 1786, all copies of it had been “lost”1 for many years. The Franklin-Folger chart was not only excellent for its time,2 but it remains today a good summary of the general characteristics of the Gulf Stream. Because of its historical role in our understanding of the Stream and in the development of oceanography, I would like to discuss its depiction of the Gulf Stream relative to later charts and recent measurements. There are three versions of the Franklin-Folger chart; the first was printed in 1769 by Mount and Page in London, the second was printed circa 1780- 1783 by Le Rouge in Paris, and a third was published in 1786 by Franklin in Philadelphia. The last is the most widely known and reproduced of the three. However, its projection is different from the first two, and the Gulf Stream has been modified. Since no copies of the first version had been located, some historians had doubted it had ever been printed (Brown 1938). Indeed, until a print of the first chart was discovered, the oldest known Gulf Stream chart was not by Franklin and Folger but one published by De Brahm in 1772. 1 A note describing the discovery and showing a facsimile of the whole chart was published by Richardson (1980).
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Thunderstorm Analysis in the Northern Rocky Mountains
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. ^1 / Errors identified by the software have been corrected; ^n/' however, some errors may remain. 4* * THUNDERSTORM ANALYSTS c' Tn the NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTATNS DeVerColson ENTERMOUNTAEN FOREST AND RANGE EXPEREMENT STATEON FOREST SERVECE UNETED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRECULTURE Ogden, Utah Reed W. Bailey, Director RESEARCH PAPER NO. 49 1957 Research Paper No. 49 l957 THUNDERSTORM ANALYSIS IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS By DeVer Colson Meteorologist INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Ogden, Utah Reed W. Bailey, Director THUNDERSTORM ANALYSIS IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS DeVer Col son!' U.S. Weather Bureau Washington, D.C. INTRODUCTION Lightning-caused fires are a continuing serious threat to forests in the northern Rocky Mountain area. More than 70 percent of all forest fires in this area are caused by lightning. In one l0-day period in July l940 the all-time record of l,488 lightning fires started on the national forests in Region l of the U.S. Forest Service.—' Project Skyfire was planned and organized to study the causes and char acteristics of lightning storms and to see what steps could be taken to decrease the great losses caused by lightning fires. One important phase of Project Skyfire is the study and analysis of the weather phenomena associated with the formation and growth of lightning storms. A better understanding of these factors is valuable to both the forester and the meteorologist. In the Project Skyfire research program,analyses are being made of the specific characteristics of individual lightning storms and the general characteristics of storms during an entire fire season.
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