The Evolution of Intermediaries in the Latin East, 1095-1291 Honors Re
“For We Who Were Occidentals Have Become Orientals:” The Evolution of Intermediaries in the Latin East, 1095-1291 Honors Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation “with Honors Research Distinction in Medieval and Renaissance Studies” in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University By K. A. Tuley The Ohio State University June 2012 Project Adviser: Professor Sarah-Grace Heller, Department of French and Italian ! Tuley 2 ! Table of Contents Introduction, p. 3 Historical Background, p.5 Methodology and Sources, p. 18 Chapter 1: Crusaders to Latin Easterners: From the First Crusade to the Aftermath of the Loss of Jerusalem (1097-1191), p. 26 Chapter 2: Franks of the East and West: the Third Crusade (1191-1192), p. 45 Chapter 3: Intermediaries Within the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1097-1291), p. 56 Concluding Remarks, p. 80 Appendix 1: Maps, p. 84 Appendix 2: Key Figures in the Crusades and Latin East, p. 89 Appendix 3: Ethnic Terms, p. 98 Bibliography, p. 100 ! Tuley 3 ! Introduction The Mediterranean Basin in the medieval era was, itself, a cultural contact zone, where Jews, Muslims, and Christians of various sects and languages met, trading ideas, goods, and battles. The strip of Levantine coastal territory from Ascalon in the south to Antioch and Edessa in the north conquered by the armed pilgrimages now called the Crusades has come to be known the “Crusader States,” but I find the “Latin East” to be a more accurate title: Europeans who came to the Levant quickly lost the total-war ideology associated with Crusaders, and developed an identity based on being Latins in and of the East.
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