GAO-15-60, GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES: Launch Date Nears, but Remaining Schedule Risks Need to Be Addressed

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

GAO-15-60, GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES: Launch Date Nears, but Remaining Schedule Risks Need to Be Addressed United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives December 2014 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Launch Date Nears, but Remaining Schedule Risks Need to be Addressed GAO-15-60 December 2014 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Launch Date Nears, but Remaining Schedule Risks Need to be Addressed Highlights of GAO-15-60, a report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found NOAA, with the aid of the National The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s Geostationary Aeronautics and Space Administration Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) program has made major (NASA), is procuring the next progress in developing its first satellite, including completing testing of satellite generation of geostationary weather instruments. However, the program continues to face challenges in the areas of satellites. The GOES-R series is to schedule, cost, and functionality. Specifically, the program has continued to replace the current series of satellites, experience delays in major milestones and cost overruns on key components. which will likely begin to reach the end Also, in order to meet the planned launch date, the program has deferred some of their useful lives in 2015. This new planned functionality until after launch, and program officials acknowledge that series is considered critical to the they may defer more. United States’ ability to maintain the continuity of satellite data required for Delays in Key GOES-R Program Milestones weather forecasting through 2036. GAO was asked to evaluate GOES-R. GAO’s objectives were to (1) assess progress on program schedule, cost, and functionality; (2) assess efforts to identify and address issues discovered during integration and testing; and (3) evaluate the likelihood of a gap in satellite coverage and actions to prevent or mitigate such a gap. To do so, GAO analyzed program and contractor data, earned value data information, and defect reports, compared both defect management policies and contingency plans to best practices by leading organizations, and interviewed officials at NOAA and NASA. NOAA and its contractors have implemented a defect management process as part of their overall testing approach that allows them to identify, assess, track, What GAO Recommends resolve, and report on defects. However, shortfalls remain in how defects are analyzed and reported. For example, contractors manage, track, and report GAO is recommending that NOAA defects differently due to a lack of guidance from NOAA. Without consistency address shortfalls in its defect management approach, reduce the among contractors, it is difficult for management to effectively prioritize and number of open high-priority defects, oversee defect handling. In addition, more than 800 defects in key program and add information to its satellite components remained unresolved. Until the program makes progress in contingency plan. NOAA concurred addressing these defects, it may not have a complete picture of remaining issues with GAO’s recommendations and and faces an increased risk of further delays to the GOES-R launch date. identified steps it plans to take to As the GOES-R program approaches its expected launch date of March 2016, it implement them. faces a potential gap of more than a year during which an on-orbit backup satellite would not be available. This means that if an operational satellite experiences a problem, there could be a gap in GOES coverage. NOAA has improved its plan to mitigate gaps in satellite coverage. However, the revised plan does not include steps for mitigating a delayed launch, or details on potential impacts and minimum performance levels should a gap occur. Until View GAO-15-60. For more information, these shortfalls are addressed, NOAA management cannot fully assess all gap contact Dave Powner at (202) 512-9286 or mitigation strategies, which in turn could hinder the ability of meteorologists to [email protected]. observe and report on severe weather conditions. United States Government Accountability Office Contents Letter 1 Background 3 NOAA is Making Progress on the GOES-R Satellite, but Schedule, Cost, and Functionality Challenges Remain 14 NOAA Has Implemented a Defect Management Process, but Shortfalls Exist and Selected Critical Defects Remain Unresolved 26 Facing a Gap in Backup Satellite Coverage, the GOES-R Program Has Improved Contingency Plans Though Shortfalls Remain 34 Conclusions 40 Recommendations for Executive Action 41 Agency Comments and Our Evaluation 41 Appendix I Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 43 Appendix II Defect Trends for Key GOES-R Components 46 Appendix III Comments from the Department of Commerce 51 Appendix IV GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments 53 Tables Table 1: Summary of the Procurement History of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites 5 Table 2: Key Changes to the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program over Time 8 Table 3: Instruments on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program 11 Table 4: Key Components of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program Ground Project 12 Table 5: Major Development Reviews for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program 16 Table 6: Delays in Milestones for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program 18 Page i GAO-15-60 Geostationary Weather Satellites Table 7: Best Practices in Managing Defects 27 Table 8: Assessment of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program Practices in Managing Defects 28 Table 9: Summary of Defects for Selected Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program Components 33 Table 10: Assessment of Satellite Contingency Plans for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program over Time 37 Figures Figure 1: Approximate Geographic Coverage of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites 4 Figure 2: Generic Data Relay Pattern for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites 6 Figure 3: Organizational Structure and Staffing of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series Program 10 Figure 4: NASA’s Life Cycle for Flight Systems 15 Figure 5: Changes in Key Test Dates for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program over Time 19 Figure 6: Increases in Cost Variance for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program’s Ground System 22 Figure 7: Increases in Cost Variance for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program’s Advanced Baseline Imager Instrument 23 Figure 8: Increases in Cost Variance for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program’s Geostationary Lightning Mapper Instrument 24 Figure 9: Potential Gap in Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Coverage, as of April 2014 35 Figure 10: Number of Open and Closed Defects for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program’s Ground System, as of August 2014 47 Figure 11: Number of Open and Closed Hardware Defects for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program’s Advanced Baseline Imager Instrument for Each Month from February 2013 to August 2014 49 Page ii GAO-15-60 Geostationary Weather Satellites Figure 12: Number of Open and Closed Software Defects for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Program’s Advanced Baseline Imager Instrument from 2012 to 2014 50 Abbreviations ABI Advanced Baseline Imager CDR critical design review EVM earned value management FOR flight operations review GLM Geostationary Lightning Mapper GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOES-R Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R series MDR mission definition review MOR mission operations review NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ORR operational readiness review PDR preliminary design review SDR system definition review SIR system integration review This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. The published product may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without further permission from GAO. However, because this work may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately. Page iii GAO-15-60 Geostationary Weather Satellites 441 G St. N.W. Washington, DC 20548 December 16, 2014 The Honorable Lamar S. Smith Chairman The Honorable Eddie Bernice Johnson Ranking Member Committee on Science, Space, and Technology House of Representatives Geostationary environmental satellites play a critical role in our nation’s weather forecasting. These satellites—which are managed by the Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)—provide information on atmospheric, oceanic, climatic, and solar conditions that help meteorologists observe and predict regional and local weather events. They also provide a means of identifying the large-scale evolution of severe storms, such as forecasting a hurricane’s path and intensity. NOAA, through collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is procuring the next generation of geostationary weather satellites, called the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite–R (GOES-R) series. The GOES-R series consists of four satellites
Recommended publications
  • Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite- R Series (GOES-R) 2016
    Student Works 12-14-2016 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite- R Series (GOES-R) 2016 Paige N. Dixon Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/student-works Part of the Aviation and Space Education Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Space Vehicles Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Dixon, P. N. (2016). Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite- R Series (GOES-R) 2016. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/student-works/67 This Undergraduate Research is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Works by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite- R Series (GOES-R) 2016 Paige N. Dixon Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona ABSTRACT This is a report on the first NOAA GOES-R satellite, launched on November 19th, 2016. This report will cover some of the details of the GOES-R project, as well as discuss the collaborations that made the project possible. This document will also detail some of the new satellite’s capabilities including geostationary lightning detection, and space weather monitoring, and will focus on real-world application of such technology. Additionally, this report will list some of the current and projected GOES-R products, and the potential benefits if testing proves successful. 1 1. Introduction The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration better known as NOAA, in collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA launched the first of the R-series GOES satellites into orbit on 19 November, of this year.
    [Show full text]
  • GAO-10-799 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
    United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committees GAO September 2010 GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES Improvements Needed in Continuity Planning and Involvement of Key Users GAO-10-799 September 2010 Accountability Integrity Reliability GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL Highlights ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES Highlights of GAO-10-799, a report to Improvements Needed in Continuity Planning and congressional committees Involvement of Key Users Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found The Department of Commerce’s NOAA has made progress on the GOES-R acquisition, but key instruments National Oceanic and Atmospheric have experienced challenges and important milestones have been delayed. Administration (NOAA), with the The GOES-R program awarded key contracts for its flight and ground aid of the National Aeronautics and projects, and these are in development. However, two instruments have Space Administration (NASA), is to experienced technical issues that led to contract cost increases, and procure the next generation of significant work remains on other development efforts. In addition, since geostationary operational environmental satellites, called 2006, the launch dates of the first two satellites in the series have been Geostationary Operational delayed by about 3 years. As a result, NOAA may not be able to meet its policy Environmental Satellite-R (GOES- of having a backup satellite in orbit at all times, which could lead to a gap in R) series. The GOES-R series is to coverage if GOES-14 or GOES-15 fails prematurely (see graphic). replace the current series of satellites, which will likely begin to Potential Gap in GOES Coverage reach the end of their useful lives in approximately 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • ISEE 1 and 2 OBSERVATION of the SPATIAL STRUCTURE of a COMPRESSIONAL Pc5 WAVE
    GEOPHYSICALRESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 12, NO. 9, PAGES 613-616, SEPTEMBER1985 ISEE 1 AND 2 OBSERVATION OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPRESSIONAL Pc5 WAVE Ka zue Takahashi University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory ChristopherT. Russell1 Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California Los Angeles Roger R. Anderson Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa Abstract. A compressional Pc5 wave was [Russell, 1978]. The da•taare presented in a observed on an ISEE 1 and 2 outbound path on coordinate system where H (9orth) is antiparallel September 28, 1981 at L = 5.6-7.3 near the •to t•he ge•omagneticdipole, D is eastward and magnetic equator at ~10 hr local time during the V = D x H is approximately radially outward. Note recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. The wave that only deviations from the Olson-Pfizer model propagated westward with a large azimuthal wave field [Olson and Pfttzer, 1977] are plotted. The number of ~30 and exhibited in-phase oscillations total component (not plotted) is essentially the of plasma density and magnetic field magnitude. same as the H component. During this event, component-dependent variations The compressional Pc5 wave was present between in phase and amplitude were observed for the 0400 and 0510 UT. During this interval, the L magnetic field oscillations. The radial and value, local time, and magnetic latitude of the compressional components had a constant phase and satellite changed from (5.6, 0930, 8.2 ø) to (7.3, their amplitude was finite. In contrast, the 1010, 1.9ø). Throughout the wave event the V azimuthal component changed its phase by 180ø and component oscillated without any phase variation its amplitude became zero during the middle of the and had a period of ~400 s.
    [Show full text]
  • Gridded Satellite (Gridsat) GOES and CONUS Data Kenneth R
    Discussions Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-33 Earth System Manuscript under review for journal Earth Syst. Sci. Data Science Discussion started: 27 April 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data Gridded Satellite (GridSat) GOES and CONUS data Kenneth R. Knapp1 and Scott L. Wilkins2 1NOAA/NESDIS/National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, NC 28801, USA 2Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites – North Carolina (CICS-NC), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 5 28801, USA Correspondence to: Kenneth R. Knapp ([email protected]) Abstract. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series is operated by the U. S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). While in operation since the 1970s, the current series (GOES 8- 15) has been operational since 1994. This document describes the Gridded Satellite (GridSat) data, which provides GOES data 10 in a modern format. Four steps describe the conversion of original GOES data to GridSat data: 1) temporal resampling to produce files with evenly spaced time steps, 2) spatial remapping to produce evenly spaced gridded data (0.04° latitude), 3) calibrating the original data and storing brightness temperatures for infrared channels and reflectance for the visible channel, and 4) calculating spatial variability to provide extra information that can help identify clouds. The GridSat data are provided on two separate domains: GridSat-GOES provides hourly data for the Western Hemisphere (spanning the entire GOES domain) 15 and GridSat-CONUS covers the contiguous U.S. (CONUS) every 15 minutes. Dataset reference: doi:10.7289/V5HM56GM 1 Introduction NOAA has used the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series since 1975 to monitor weather.
    [Show full text]
  • Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment
    NASA Reference Publication 1390 - j Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield, R.D. Leach, and M.B. Alexander, Editor August 1996 NASA Reference Publication 1390 Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield Universities Space Research Association • Huntsville, Alabama R.D. Leach Computer Sciences Corporation • Huntsville, Alabama M.B. Alexander, Editor Marshall Space Flight Center • MSFC, Alabama National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center ° MSFC, Alabama 35812 August 1996 PREFACE The effects of the natural space environment on spacecraft design, development, and operation are the topic of a series of NASA Reference Publications currently being developed by the Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch, Systems Analysis and Integration Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center. This primer provides an overview of seven major areas of the natural space environment including brief definitions, related programmatic issues, and effects on various spacecraft subsystems. The primary focus is to present more than 100 case histories of spacecraft failures and anomalies documented from 1974 through 1994 attributed to the natural space environment. A better understanding of the natural space environment and its effects will enable spacecraft designers and managers to more effectively minimize program risks and costs, optimize design quality, and achieve mission objectives. .o° 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • User's Guide for GOES-R XRS L2 Products
    User's Guide for GOES-R XRS L2 Products Janet Machol, Stefan Codrescu and Courtney Peck 6 April 2021 Contents 1 Summary 2 2 XRS L2 Products Overview 2 2.1 Science Quality versus Operational XRS Data . .3 2.2 Flare Magnitudes . .3 2.3 XRS Response Functions . .3 3 1-second Irradiances Product 4 4 1-minute Averages Product 5 5 Flare Summary and Flare Detection Products 6 6 Flare Location Product 7 7 Daily Background Product 8 8 Plots 9 9 Acknowledgements 11 10 References 11 A Flare Detection Algorithm 12 A.1 Flare Detection Algorithm . 12 A.2 Algorithm Steps . 13 A.2.1 (Steps 1-6) Prepare data and do simple comparisons . 14 A.2.2 (Steps 8a-f) Check for start of flare . 14 A.2.3 (Steps 9a-e) Rising flare . 15 A.2.4 (Steps 10a-b) Declining flare . 15 A.2.5 (Steps 11a-e) Final steps to exit . 16 A.3 Algorithm Inputs . 16 B Flare Location Algorithm 18 C Daily Background Algorithm 20 1 1 Summary The GOES X-Ray Sensor (XRS) measurements have been a crucial component of space weather operations since 1975, providing an accurate measurement of geo-effective X-ray irradiance from second-to-second real- time conditions to solar-cycle time scales (Garcia, 1994). XRS measurements are in two bandpass channels commonly referred to as the XRS-A (0.05-0.4 nm) and XRS-B (0.1-0.8 nm), both of which are in the soft X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This User's Guide discusses the algorithms used to generate the GOES-R XRS L2 data products.
    [Show full text]
  • ASTRONAUTICS and AERONAUTICS, 1977 a Chronology
    NASA SP--4022 ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1977 A Chronology Eleanor H. Ritchie ' The NASA History Series Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1986 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Four spacecraft launched by NASA in 1977: left to right, top, ESA’s Geos 1 and NASA’s Heao 1; bottom, ESA’s Isee 2 on NASA’s Isee 1, and Italy’s Wo. (NASA 77-H-157,77-H-56, 77-H-642, 77-H-484) Contents Preface ...................................................... v January ..................................................... 1 February .................................................... 21 March ...................................................... 47 April ....................................................... 61 May ........................................................ 77 June ...................................................... 101 July ....................................................... 127 August .................................................... 143 September ................................................. 165 October ................................................... 185 November ................................................. 201 December .................................................. 217 Appendixes A . Satellites, Space Probes, and Manned Space Flights, 1977 .......237 B .Major NASA Launches, 1977 ............................... 261 C. Manned Space Flights, 1977 ................................ 265 D . NASA Sounding Rocket Launches, 1977 ..................... 267 E . Abbreviations of References
    [Show full text]
  • Photographs Written Historical and Descriptive
    CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY HAER FL-8-B BUILDING AE HAER FL-8-B (John F. Kennedy Space Center, Hanger AE) Cape Canaveral Brevard County Florida PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 100 Alabama St. NW Atlanta, GA 30303 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY BUILDING AE (Hangar AE) HAER NO. FL-8-B Location: Hangar Road, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Industrial Area, Brevard County, Florida. USGS Cape Canaveral, Florida, Quadrangle. Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E 540610 N 3151547, Zone 17, NAD 1983. Date of Construction: 1959 Present Owner: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Present Use: Home to NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) and the Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC). The LVDC allows engineers to monitor telemetry data during unmanned rocket launches. Significance: Missile Assembly Building AE, commonly called Hangar AE, is nationally significant as the telemetry station for NASA KSC’s unmanned Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) program. Since 1961, the building has been the principal facility for monitoring telemetry communications data during ELV launches and until 1995 it processed scientifically significant ELV satellite payloads. Still in operation, Hangar AE is essential to the continuing mission and success of NASA’s unmanned rocket launch program at KSC. It is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion A in the area of Space Exploration as Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) original Mission Control Center for its program of unmanned launch missions and under Criterion C as a contributing resource in the CCAFS Industrial Area Historic District.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relative Timing of Supra-Arcade Downflows in Solar Flares
    A&A 475, 333–340 (2007) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20077894 & c ESO 2007 Astrophysics The relative timing of supra-arcade downflows in solar flares J. I. Khan, H. M. Bain, and L. Fletcher Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK e-mail: [email protected] Received 14 May 2007 / Accepted 11 August 2007 ABSTRACT Context. Supra-arcade downflows (generally dark, sunward-propagating features located above the bright arcade of loops in some solar flares) have been reported mostly during the decay phase, although some have also been reported during the rise phase of solar flares. Aims. We investigate, from a statistical point of view, the timing of supra-arcade downflows during the solar flare process, and thus determine the possible relation of supra-arcade downflows to the primary or secondary energy release in a flare. Methods. Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) imaging data are examined to produce a list of supra-arcade downflow candidates. In many of our events supra-arcade downflows are not directly observed. However, the events do show laterally moving (or “waving”) bright rays in the supra-arcade fan of coronal rays which we interpret as due to dark supra-arcade downflows. The events are analysed in detail to determine whether the supra-arcade downflows (or the proxy waving coronal rays) occur during a) the rise and/or decay phases of the soft X-ray flare and b) the flare hard X-ray bursts. It is also investigated whether the supra-arcade downflows events show prior eruptive signatures as seen in SXT, other space-based coronal data, or reported in ground-based Hα images.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Contributions to Today's JPSS Initiatives As Seen from the First
    TIROS-1 Established the Foundation for Today’s Remarkable JPSS and GOES-R Satellite Systems Gerald J. Dittberner* CIRA, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO and Thomas H. Vonder Haar Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO *[email protected] Presented at the 16th Annual Symposium on New Generation Operational Environmental Satellite Systems, 100th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, January 13, 2020 1 Outline JPSS TIROS ✦ The Path to Polar and Geostationary Systems th ✦ Celebrate the 60 anniversary of TIROS-1 ✦ The first operational weather satellite (1 Apr 1960) ✦ Satellites and Instruments ✦ Milestones ✦ Meteorology: Early initiatives for Operational Applications Dittberner and Vonder Haar, CIRA, Colorado State University 2 First Color Image from Space - JPSS TIROS Aerobee Rocket (1954) Source: Hubert and Berg, 1944 Dittberner and Vonder Haar, CIRA, Colorado State University 3 Diverse Collaborators Initiated Weather Satellites JPSS TIROS IGY Satellites TIROS Satellites 1955 - 1958 1958+ National Academies NASA* Designated to Coordinate Planning: Sponsor & Coordinate Execution - Army Signal Corps Rsrch Lab (Payload) - US Weather Bureau (Data Handling) - Naval Rsrch Lab (Vanguard Team) - Army Signal Corps Rsrch Lab (Payload) - Army Corps of Engineers - Naval Rsrch Lab (Vanguard Team) - Army Ballistic Missile Agency (Explorer) - Industries (esp. RCA) - Industries (esp. RCA) - Universities (Univ Iowa esp) - Universities (esp. Univ Iowa) - WWW (International Cooperation) - ARPA* Office of Naval Research* National Science Foundation* *sponsor transferring from ONR and NSF during IGY Source: A. Callahan, 2013 Dittberner and Vonder Haar, CIRA, Colorado State University 4 TIROS-1 JPSS TIROS Equipped with two TV cameras and two video recorders, the spacecraft orbited 450 miles above Earth, relaying nearly 20,000 images of clouds and storm systems moving across our planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Gao-13-597, Geostationary Weather Satellites
    United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives September 2013 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Progress Made, but Weaknesses in Scheduling, Contingency Planning, and Communicating with Users Need to Be Addressed GAO-13-597 September 2013 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Progress Made, but Weaknesses in Scheduling, Contingency Planning, and Communicating with Users Need to Be Addressed Highlights of GAO-13-597, a report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found NOAA, with the aid of the National The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has completed Aeronautics and Space Administration the design of its Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) (NASA), is procuring the next series and made progress in building flight and ground components. While the generation of geostationary weather program reports that it is on track to stay within its $10.9 billion life cycle cost satellites. The GOES-R series is to estimate, it has not reported key information on reserve funds to senior replace the current series of satellites management. Also, the program has delayed interim milestones, is experiencing (called GOES-13, -14, and -15), which technical issues, and continues to demonstrate weaknesses in the development will likely begin to reach the end of of component schedules. These factors have the potential to affect the expected their useful lives in 2015. This new October 2015 launch date of the first GOES-R satellite, and program officials series is considered critical to the now acknowledge that the launch date may be delayed by 6 months.
    [Show full text]
  • NOAA NESDIS Independent Review Team Final Report 2017 Preface
    NOAA NESDIS Independent Review Team Final Report 2017 Preface “Progress in understanding and predicting weather is one of the great success stories of twentieth century science. Advances in basic understanding of weather dynamics and physics, the establishment of a global observing system, and the advent of numerical weather prediction put weather forecasting on a solid scientific foundation, and the deployment of weather radar and satellites together with emergency preparedness programs led to dramatic declines in deaths from severe weather phenomena such as hurricanes and tornadoes.“ “The Atmospheric Sciences Entering the Twenty-First Century”, National Academy of Sciences, 1998. 2 Acknowledgements ▪ The following organizations provided numerous briefings, detailed discussions and extensive background material to this Independent Review Team (IRT): – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R) Program Office – Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office – NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and information Service (NESDIS) IRT Liaison Support Staff • Kelly Turner Government IRT Liaison • Charles Powell Government IRT Liaison • Michelle Winstead NOAA Support • Kevin Belanga NESDIS Support • Brian Mischel NESDIS Support ▪ This IRT is grateful for their quality support and commitment to NESDIS’ mission necessary for this assessment. 3 Overview ▪ Objective ▪ NESDIS IRT History ▪ Methodology
    [Show full text]