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Venezuelan Guayana Essequiba the History of a Plunder 3 the HISTORICAL TRUTH

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Venezuelan Guayana Essequiba the History of a Plunder 3 the HISTORICAL TRUTH VENEZUELAN GUAYANA ESSEQUIBA THE HISTORY OF A PLUNDER 3 THE HISTORICAL TRUTH Venezuelans men and women must know the historical truth of their country. Guayana Esequiba is under claim inherited from the British colonialism, a two-hundred-year dispute over a territory legitimately owned by Venezuela. It is the story of a dispossession. In a fraudulent and coercive way they have tried to snatch a terri- tory on which Venezuela has irrefutable titles. Nor the squatting, nor the activity or settlements on the Esse- quibo grant any right. Nothing changes legitimacy. Today, we reiterate, with the only weapon of the Bolivarian Revo- lution, diplomacy of peace, the claim of our rights to Guayana Esequiba. This is the story. HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF GUAYANA ESSEQUIBO In 1777, the Spanish empire established the Captaincy General of Ven- thenezuela were by theapart. Real Certificate of Charles III, an administrative act to unifyThirty-four several provincesyears later, politically, on July 5, economically 1811, the people and militaryof Venezuela that until and - publictheir patriotic of Venezuela government inherits signed all the theterritory Act of that Independence belonged to from the forthe- “Venezuela must keep reasserting its fair claim over the Spanish Crown, after a long war of liberation. Obviously, the new Re Essequibo with more strength than ever in accordance with border. mer Captaincy General, which set the Essequibo River as its western international law and through peaceful means. That is the The Dutch controlled most of the area currently occupied by the of the Napoleonic Wars, Britain forced the Netherlands to relin- reason why my first word and my first call is for national Republics of Guyana and Suriname. However, in 1814, at the end- union, men and women of this Homeland.” quish its territory by the west of the Corentyne River. The Trea ty of London signed on August 13 of that year, forcingGran Holland Colom to- biahand” with over the its signing possessions of the Constitutionin Demerara, in theEssequibo Congress and of CucutaBerbice. in Nicolás Maduro 1821,For that it isreason, Britain when whom Simon the new Bolivar Republic proclaimed was forced the to“ protest for President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela the continued encroachment of English colonists to Venezuela’s ter- 5 own Homeland. Disregarding the agreements. Viceroyaltyritory, bounded of New by theGranada Essequibo and the River. Captaincy Article General6 of that of Constitution Venezuela”. Schomburgk line, increasing by 25, 000 km2 the imperial annexation states that “The territory of Colombia is the same comprising the old- Throughout the nineteenth century the British continued to move the Blanco had to break off relations with the empire. Only then, the British, Surreptitiously, British settlers go beyond the Essequibo River and oc and added a total of 203, 310 km2, until 1887 when Antonio Guzman thatcupy those lands settlersin the lower either coast agree of theto be Moruca under and the Pomerun. protection Immediately, of our laws andin 1822, obedience, Simon orBolivar withdraw protests to their vigorously: former possessions.”“It is absolutely essential ownunder interests, US pressure, which accepted are in contradiction to go to arbitration with the to resolve British theEmpire. issue. The Subsequently, in 1825, the Empire of Great Britain recognizes the in- UnitedIn 1895 States another considers empire a threat is involved to its interests in the situation, in any territorial the US, with appro its- dependence of the Great Colombia and Guayana Esequiba as an integral priation of America by European powers. This is the implementation part of the new Republic. Then in 1830, with the separation of the Great titlesof the would famous mean Monroe an appropriation. Doctrine, in which the Government of the United VenezuelaColombia, Venezuelahad as territory sets out before in Article the political 5 of the transformation new Constitution: of 1810.” “The States realizes that the Britain’s refusal to the judicial review of their territory of Venezuela comprises everything that Captaincy General of THE AMBITION OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE: FROM THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON THE SCHOMBURGK LINE TO THE FRAUDULENT AWARD OF PARIS - The Treaty of Washington is then signed in 1897. Under US and Britain - Despite this recognition by the British Empire, in 1835, the British gov- ernment sent the Prussian Robert H. Schomburgk (a Prussian bota pressure, Venezuela, at a disadvantage condition, is forced to accept thenist), new to establishborder of a the map then without British consulting colony with the Venezuela, government a map of Venezu which an unfair arbitration, which provides that no Venezuelan will be part- ela. Schomburgk arbitrarily draws a line west of the Essequibo River as tratorof the willArbitration be Russian, Commission, a personal Venezuela friend of thebeing Queen represented of England. by twoThe second line, which is published in London in a map upon which British termsAmericans. imposed Two on Englishman Venezuela representin the arbitration the British express side. theThe enormous fifth arbi a few years later, in 1840, the same Schomburgk changed, tracing a - - Guiana aims to annex 141, 930 km2. weakness of the country at that time, since it is known that the Ameri atImmediately, the points established in 1841, the by theVenezuelan second Schomburgk Minister Alejo line, Fortique to which com the cans have never taken into account the interests of Venezuela. plain to the British Government about the removal of the posts placed The Arbitral Award of Paris (the transactions take place in the capital of France) signed in 1899 in violation of its own arbitration rules that BritishFinally, government in 1850, Britain decides and to Venezuela remove the signed boundaries an agreement or markers in which set coercionshould govern by the its two decision, great empires set out ofin the time.Washington The arbitrators Treaty of decide 1897. theyarbitrarily, undertake thus notrecognizing to occupy Venezuela’s the disputed sovereignty. territory between the sec- toIt wasstrip a Venezuela political decision, of 90 percent without of itslegal Essequibo justification, territory, imposed by a undershady - - the decision. ond Schomburgk line of 1840 and the Essequibo River. However, Brit deal that would be uncovered many years later. Venezuela protested ain again failed to meet its commitments. Due to the discovery of sig - nificant gold resources in the Yuruari basin, they sent more settlers to sion;The BritainBritish willLegation proceed in Caracas to the demarcationinforms the Venezuelan by its own. government The United the lands that they have agreed not to occupy. that if before October 3, 1990 it does not send its demarcation commis toIn annex parallel it to to the the British invasion, Guiana. they attempted to create an autonomous in the demarcation. movement in the Venezuelan Guayana, based in Ciudad Bolivar, and try- States also put pressure on the Government of Venezuela to participate dro Gual, leading a group of Venezuelan oligarchs, asks the British Em- - A decade later, in 1861, during the Federal War, former President Pe- lectAt debtsthe same owed time, to citizensin 1902, of Venezuela their countries. is threatened The traitorous with invasion oligarchy and is victim of a naval blockade by England, Germany and Italy, to col pire to tutelary intervene Venezuelan territory, taking Guayana’s terri tory as payment for debts acquired, in fact asking the invasion of their pressures Cipriano Castro to delegate the Venezuelan sovereignty to 6 7 This is the Geographical Statistical and Historical Map of Colombia. Look how they drew Colombia. Colombia was the old United Provinces of Venezuela, of New Granada and Quito, and we always got to the Essequibo. There is no doubt about that in the establishment of Venezuela and Colombia and then when Venezuela was founded again in 1830. 8 9 British Empire. the US government and negotiate the payment of this debt with the- Between 1966 and 1970, the Joint Commission operates delivering a final report in 1970. There is progress, but no final agreement is reached. It is only in 1949 when the fraud of the Arbitral Award of Paris is dis Once this first phase of implementation of the Agreement is exhausted, realcovered, negotiation with the done publication behind inclosed “The doorsAmerican by arbitrators Journal of International of the award andthe twoVenezuela, sides decide by which, to freeze without the renouncing negotiations. the However, rights of inthe 1970 parties, the ofLaw” 1899. of the This Memorandum document highlights of Severo Malletthe unethical, Prevost, unlawfulwho discloses conduct the Protocol of Port of Spain is signed between Guyana, the United Kingdom that make Venezuela undergo a real scam, dispossessing it of 159,500 which refers to the choice of means of settlement for the dispute. square kilometers of territory legitimately owned by Venezuela. for a term of 12 years, Article IV of the Geneva Agreement is frozen, After those twelve years, in 1982, Venezuela decided not to ratify the Protocol of Port of Spain and therefore bilateral negotiation based on THE CLAIM OF VENEZUELA AND THE GENEVA AGREEMENT the Geneva Agreement is reactivated. For that reason, the Geneva Agreement of 1966 is in force today and- regulates the means of settlement and acting of all parties involved. decisionFor this reason,of 1899 in is 1962,null. Such the Chancellorwas the effect of Venezuela, of his arguments
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