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Lepidochelys Kempii) 274 CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY, Volume 6, Number 2 — 2007 (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting along the Great Barrier ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii). Journal of Zoo and Reef. Herpetologica 36:265–271. Wildlife Medicine 21:27–35. LIMPUS, C.J. 1985. A study of the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta WITZELL, W.N. 1983. Synopsis of biological data on the caretta, in eastern Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766), Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 137. LIMPUS, C.J. 1991. Puberty and first breeding in Caretta caretta. WOOD, J.R., WOOD, F.E., CRITCHLEY, K.H., WILDT, D.E., AND In: Richardson, T.H., Richardson, J.I., and Donnelly, M. BUSH, M. 1983. Laparoscopy of the green sea turtle, Chelonia (Compilers). Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Workshop on mydas. British Journal of Herpetology 6:323–327. Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. National Oceanic and ZAR, J.H. 1974. Biostatistical Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Atmospheric Administration Technical Memorandum Nation- Prentice-Hall. al Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Received: 4 January 2005 Center 278, pp. 81–83. Revised and Accepted: 23 June 2006 LIMPUS, C.J. 1992. The hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, in Queensland: population structure within a southern Great Barrier Reef feeding ground. Australian Wildlife Research 19: 489–506. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2007, 6(2): 274–277 LIMPUS, C.J., COUPER, P.J., AND READ, M.A. 1994. The green Ó 2007 Chelonian Research Foundation turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Queensland: population structure in a warm temperate feeding area. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 35:139–154. Occurrence of Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys LIMPUS, C.J., FLEAY, A., AND BAKER, V. 1984. The flatback turtle, kempii) Along the Coast of the Yucatan Chelonia depressus, in Queensland: reproductive periodicity, philopatry and recruitment. Australian Wildlife Research 11: Peninsula, Mexico 579–587. LIMPUS,C.J.AND LIMPUS, D.J. 2003. The biology of the 1 VICENTE GUZMA´ N-HERNA´ NDEZ ,EDUARDO A. loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta in Western South Pacific 2 3 Ocean foraging areas. In: Bolten, A.B. and Witherington, B.E. CUEVAS-FLORES , AND RENE´ MA´ RQUEZ-MILLA´ N (Eds.). Loggerhead Sea Turtles. Washington: Smithsonian Books, pp. 93–113. 1Area de Protecio´n de Flora Y Fauna Laguna de Te´rminos, LIMPUS, C.J., MILLER, J.D., BAKER, V., AND MCLACHLAN, E. 1983. Comisio´n Nacional de A´reas Naturales Protegidas, Ciudad del The hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata (L.), in North- Carmen, Campeche, Mexico [[email protected]]; Eastern Australia: the Campbell Island rookery. Australian 2Sea Turtle Conservation Program, Pronatura Penı´nsula de Wildlife Research 10:185–197. Yucata´n, AC and Departament of Marine Resources, CINVESTAV- LIMPUS, C.J., MILLER, J.D., PARMENTER, C.J., AND LIMPUS, D.J. IPN, Me´rida, Yucata´n, Me´xico [[email protected]]; 2003. The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, population of Raine 3Convencio´n Interamericana para la Proteccio´n y Conservacio´nde Island and the northern Great Barrier Reef: 1843–2001. Tortugas Marinas-Comite´ Cientı´fico [[email protected]] Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 49:349–440. LIMPUS, C.J., PARMENTER, C.J., AND LIMPUS, D.J. 2002. The status ABSTRACT. – We present a long term record (1984– of the flatback turtle, Natator depressus, in Eastern Australia. In:Mosier,A.,Foley,A.,andBrost,B.(Compilers). 2004) of registered occurrences of Kemp’s ridley Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Sea turtles in the marine zone and nesting beaches of the Turtle Biology and Conservation. National Oceanic and Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Atmospheric Administration Technical Memorandum, Nation- al Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center 477, p. 140–142. The Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii, Garman LIMPUS, C.J. AND REED, P.C. 1985a. The green turtle, Chelonia 1880) is considered one of the most vulnerable sea turtle mydas, in Queensland; a preliminary description of the species worldwide (Ma´rquez 1994). This species is nearly population structure in a coral reef feeding ground. In: Grigg, G., Shine, R., and Ehmann, H. (Eds.). Biology of Australasian restricted to the Gulf of Mexico, having its major nesting Frogs and Reptiles. Sydney, New South Wales: Surrey Beatty beaches in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico (Ma´rquez and Sons, pp. 47–52. 1994). However, certain beaches in Veracruz and LIMPUS, C.J. AND REED, P.D. 1985b. Green sea turtles stranded by Campeche, Mexico, as well as in Texas, Florida, and Cyclone Kathy on the south-western coast of the Gulf of Louisiana in the United States, report regular nesting by Carpentaria. Australian Wildlife Research 12:523–533. these turtles, although nesting is less abundant compared MILLER, J.D. 1994. The hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata: a perspective on the species. In: James, R. (Compiler). to the activity reported in Tamaulipas (Ma´rquez 1994). Proceedings of the Australian Marine Turtle Conservation The Kemp’s ridley population was subjected to an intense Workshop. Canberra, Australia: Australian Nature Conserva- fishery, which brought it almost to extinction, but in the tion Agency, pp. 25–38. mid-1960s, its protection began through Mexican govern- PARMENTER, C.J. AND LIMPUS, C.J. 1995. Female recruitment, ment-sponsored nesting beach conservation on its main reproductive longevity and inferred hatchling survivorship for nesting beach, Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas (Ross et al. the flatback turtle (Natator depressus) at a major eastern Australian rookery. Copeia 2:474–477. 1989; Ma´rquez 1996). Thanks to the tremendous effort ROSTAL, D.C., TOBECK, T.R, OWENS, D.W., AND KRAEMER, D.C. made by the Mexican and American governments, Kemp’s 1990. Ultrasound imaging of ovaries and eggs in Kemp’s ridleys are in a recovery phase. NOTES AND FIELD REPORTS 275 Figure 1. Location of the historic nesting beaches for Kemp’s ridley in Campeche, Mexico. In Campeche there have been sea turtle conservation Fourteen of these nests were found in the upper high tide efforts on the nesting beaches for more than 25 years. zone and only 1 in the sand dunes zone. Average clutch Nesting by this species has been documented on numerous size recorded in the nests relocated to the hatchery was occasions (Escanero 1987, 1989; Escanero et al. 1988, 111.8 eggs (SD ¼ 25.9, n ¼ 10, range ¼ 65–153 eggs). 1990; Castro et al. 1991; Guzma´n et al. 1993, 1994, 1995; Average clutch size of nests in styrofoam boxes was 106.7 Ma´rquez 1994; Guzma´n 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, eggs (SD ¼ 28.6, n ¼ 4, range ¼ 81–144 eggs). The 1 nest 2004). In addition to nesting beach conservation efforts, left in situ had 147 eggs. Average hatching success for there has been valuable assistance by local fishers in the hatchery nests was higher (mean ¼ 67.1%, SD ¼ 26.7, n ¼ region. Live turtles which have been accidentally captured 10, range ¼ 17.54%–93.02%) than those incubated in during fishing activities are often reported to and/or turned styrofoam boxes (mean ¼ 60.5%, SD ¼ 28.3, n ¼ 4, range in to researchers. Involvement of fishers is a widely used ¼ 28.07%–95.59%); however, there were no significant strategy for determining sea turtle distribution in the differences in hatching success between them (v2 ¼ 1.4, p marine zones, and valuable by-products of this partnership ¼ 0.237). Hatching success of the in situ nest was 63.3%. is the feeling of mutual respect between fishers and The mean incubation time for the nests relocated to the biologists as well as an enhanced sea turtle conservation hatchery was on average 51.6 days (SD ¼ 3.7, n ¼ 9, range ethic in local communities. This paper describes the ¼ 47–56 days), whereas that for eggs kept in styrofoam nesting and capture reports of Kemp’s ridley turtles for 20 boxes was 51.5 days (SD ¼ 3.5, n ¼ 4, range ¼ 48–55 years along the entire coast of Campeche and the north days); contrasting with those left in situ which had a mean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. incubation time of 54 days. These nests contributed 1109 Nesting Records. — During the standardized patrol- hatchlings to the Kemp’s ridley population in the Gulf, ling and surveillance of sea turtle nesting beaches in representing at least 14 different cohorts. This hatchling Campeche, during 20 years (1984–2003), 15 Kemp’s contribution is small compared to the over 500,000 ridley nests have been recorded. These nests were hatchlings being released more recently in Rancho Nuevo registered in 3 different nesting beaches in Campeche: (US–Mexico Program 2004). However, Campeche is 10 on Isla Aguada, 3 on Isla del Carmen, and 2 in considered an important historic nesting and feeding site Sabancuy (Fig. 1). Ten of these 15 nests were relocated to for Kemp’s ridley because it is one of the few beaches, a hatchery, 4 were kept in styrofoam boxes, and only 1 besides its main nesting site at Tamaulipas, where the was maintained in situ; this nest management was species regularly nests, albeit at low levels. Moreover, its necessary because of a high level of risk (predation, marine area harbors postnesting females looking for poaching, and floods) jeopardizing their final success. abundant crustacea, which makes it one of the 3 most 276 CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY, Volume 6, Number 2 — 2007 important feeding areas in the Gulf of Mexico for the from Isla del Carmen to Champoton (Fig. 1), and many species (Pritchard and Ma´rquez 1973; Ma´rquez 1978; recaptures of hawksbills and green turtles (Chelonia Hildebrand 1981; Ma´rquez 1994). The fact that this mydas) have been recorded, none of the above captured nesting activity has been ongoing for more than 10 years Kemp’s ridleys has been recently recaptured.
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