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The Social Dimensions of Fiction: on the Rhetoric and Function of Prefacing Novels in the Nineteenth Century Canadas I Steven Totosy De Zepetnek

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The Social Dimensions of Fiction: on the Rhetoric and Function of Prefacing Novels in the Nineteenth Century Canadas I Steven Totosy De Zepetnek Steven TOTOSY de ZEPETNEK The Social Dim nsions of iction On the Rhetoric and Function of Prefacing Novels in the Nineteenth-Century Canadas IIv1eweg Steven TOTOSY de ZEPETNEK The ........................ Dimensions of Fiction KONZEPTION EMPIRISCHE LITERATURWISSENSCHAFT I AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO LITERATURE era,us£~egeD<:~n von der Arbeitsgruppe NIKOL I Edited by the NIKOL Group - Achim Helmut Hauptmeier, Gebhard Siegfried J. Schmidt, Reinhold Viehoff Band I Vol. I Literaturwissen- 1: Der gesellschaftliche Handlungsbereich Literatur 2: Zur Rekonstruktion literaturwissenschaftlicher Fragestel­ lungen in einer Empirischen Theorie der Literatur Band I Vol. II P. Konstruktiver Funktionalismus. Die wissen­ schaftstheoretische Basis einer Theorie der Lite­ ratur Band I Vol. III-IV D. Hintzenberg, S. Schmidt, R. Zum Literaturbe- griff in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Band I Vol. V S. J. Schmidt, R. Zobel, in Zusammenarbeit mit E Popp und R. Viehoff, Empirische Untersuchungen zu Personlichkeits­ variablen von Literaturproduzenten Band I Vol. VI G. Rusch, S. J. Schmidt, in Zusammenarbeit mit A. Brohl, H. Ebbinghaus, K. Knilppel und S. Ttinnermann, Das Voraus­ setzungssystem Georg Trakls Band I Vol. VII Forschungsgruppe NIKOL, Angewandte Literaturwissen­ schaft Band I Vol. VIII L. Halasz, Dem Leser auf der Spur. Literarisches Lesen als Forschen und Entdecken Band I Vol. IX D. Meutsch, Literatur Verstehen. Eine empirische Studie Band I Vol. X R. Viehoff, Alternative Traditionen - Dokumente zur Ent­ wicklung einer empirischen Literaturwissenschaft Band I Vol. XI S. Winko, Wertungen und Werte in Texten. Axiologische Grundlagen und literaturwissenschaftliches Rekonstruktions­ verfahren Band I Vol. XII A. Barsch, Metrik, Literatur und Sprache Band I Vol. XIII D. H. Schram, Norm und Normbrechung. Die Rezeption literaricher Texte als Gegenstand empirischer Forschung Band I Vol. XIV R. GroBmann, Musik als ,, Kommunikation ". Zur Theorie musikalischer Kommunikationshandlungen Band I Vol. XV S. TotOsy de Zepetnek, The Social Dimensions of Fiction. On the Rhetoric and Function of Prefacing Novels in the Nineteenth-Century Canadas Steven TOTOSY de ZEPETNEK The Social Dimensions of iction On the Rhetoric and Function of Prefacing Novels the Nineteenth-Century Canadas alv1eweg Professor Steven Totosy de ""'µ'"'Lu"''"' Research Institute for Lomi:>ar.aw1e University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R6 Die Deutsche Bibliothek CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Konzeption empirische Literaturwisseoschaft The"'•"'"'"',..... and empirical approach to literature I hrsg. von der Arbeitsgruppe NIKOL. Achim Barsch Braunschweig; Wiesbaden: Vieweg. Teilw. hrsg. von Peter Finke NE: Barsch, Achim [Hrsg. ]; Finke, Peter Arbeitsgruppe NIKOL; PT Bd. 15. TlltOsy de Steven: The social dimensions of fiction. 1993 Totosy de Zepetnek, Steven: The social dimensions of fiction: on the rhetoric and function of prefacing novels in the nineteenth century Canadas I Steven TotOsy de Zepetnek. Ed. by Achim Barsch. Braunschweig; Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1993 (Konzeption empirische Literaturwissenschaft; Bd. 15) ISBN 3-528-07335-7 AH rights reserved © Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1993 Vieweg is a subsidiary company of the Bertelsmann Publishing Group International. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Printing and binding: W. Langeltiddecke, Braunschweig Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany ISSN 0939-6691 ISBN 3-528-07335-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Clement Moisan, Prefacer une etude de OU Le troisieme ciel du metadiscours i - iii Clement a of Or, the Nth Degree of Metadiscourse iv - vi INTRODUCTION l - 4 CHAPTER ONE The Theoretical Foundations of the Study of Prefaces and the of the Nineteenth-Century Canadian Novel vra1:nr.oC' 36 1 A Hypothesis: The Preface as a Genre 5 21 Preamble 5 1.1 Taxonomy 5 10 1.2 The Secondary Literature 11 21 1.3 The System and the Empirical Theory of Literature 21 33 1.4 The Corpus of Nineteenth-Century Canadian Novel Prefaces 34 36 CHAPTER TWO A Typology of Nineteenth-Century Canadian Novel Prefaces 37 88 Preamble 37 41 1. A Typology of English-Canadian Novel Prefaces 42 73 2. A Typology of French-Canadian Novel Prefaces 74 88 CHAPTER THREE Systemic Data in the Canadian Novel vrot"nr.o(' 89 -104 Preamble 89 1. Tue Novel Prefaces 89 99 2. The French-Canadian Novel Prefaces 99 -103 CHAPTER FOUR Analysis of the Systemic Dimensions of the Preface 'Typologies and of the Systemic Data of the Prefaces 105-142 Preamble 105 A. ·The Production 105-112 1. The Producer (The Author/Prefacer) 105-112 2. The Product (The Preface) 112-125 3. The Theme and/or Setting of the Novels 125 4. Prefatorial Discourse 126-127 B. The Reception 128-132 C. Processing 132-133 D. Post-Production Processing 133-140 CONCLUSION 141-142 WORKS CITED 143-153 APPENDIX (Bibliographical List of English-Canadian and French-Canadian Novels with Prefaces) 154-181 English-Canadian Novels with Prefaces 154-177 French-Canadian Novels with Prefaces 177-181 INDEX 182-189 Prefacer une etude de prefaces OU Le troisieme ciel du metadiscours En tete de l 'on se recrie sur pre~tac;es. 11 est bien connu que les lecteurs (pluriel avec ce paraitrait une raison valable de n'en ecrire". Ou plutot d'en ecrire encore, si tant est ne veut pas dire necessairement etre lu. n arrive que si les contemporains ne prennent connaissance ni des prefaces ni des la posterite s'en charge, comme c'est le cas de Professeur Steven Totosy qui non seulment a rassemble avec peine et depouille toutes les prefaces des romans de langue anglaise et fram;aise du XIxe siecle canadien, mais les a categorisees et systematisees. Cela donne au moins un lecteur, et mieux, un lecteur vraiment averti. II y en a d'autres. Pour ma part, je dirige avec u..11 de mes collegues une recherche subventionnee sur les prefaces et documents d' accompagnement aux reeditions d 'oeuvres quebecoises des origines a nos jours; cette experience me permet d'affirmer qu'outre nous-memes, au moins une dizaine d'etudiants et d'etudiantes les on dont certains en ont fait le de leurs travaux de maitrise et de doctorat. Le present ouvrage est lui aussi le fruit d'une these de doctorat soutenue a Department of Comparative Literature and Film Studies de University of Alberta (Edmonton). Comme quoi l'Institution se charge parfois d'une occupation qu'on pretend laissee pour comptef Ecrire une preface a un ouvrage qui etudie le systeme des prefaces est toutefois un paradoxe qu'il faut d'abord souligner avant de tenter de le roouire. Meme si elle introduit un livre savant, ma presentation n'echappe pas au classement taxonomique que Professeur Totosy a construit pour traiter les elements de son corpus. Il a d'ailleurs prealablement controle toutes les definitions du terme et de ses equivalents dans les trois corpus francais, anglais et allemand, ou l'idee plus recente de discours prefaciel permet une extension des precedes d'analyse. Si je voulais sortir de la typologie des prefaces elaboree dans le chapitre 2 de cette etude, il me faudrait eviter les categories de son protocole de lecture, par exemple, ne pas entrer dans l'un ou l'autre de des types, d'abord de nature axiologique, apologetic, ethical, critical (qui s'appuient les jugements de valeur morale, sociale, nationale, la preface est le "receptacle nature! de l'ideologie" affirme Henri Mitteran<l), puis de nature strategique, acknowledgement (reconnaissance, remerciement), dedicatory (cherche appui et autorite), preemptive (predispose le lectorat, anticipe son accueil), les deux series servant a des fins promotionellcs, explicatives, voire subversives. Mais peut-on vraiment se soustraire aux necessites d'un genre qui impose ses normes, ses regles et ses demarches? Je pourrais certes imiter ces prefaces ou l'auteur s'adresse directement a son lecteur ("To the Reader", "Encore un mot, cher lecteur.. ".), pour l'enjoindre de lire le livre: "Lecteur, qui que tu sois: prends, lis et prononce". Non sans toutefois devoir revenir acette obsedante constatation: "Reader, did you ever observe the manner in which a boy ignores the preface in his schoolbooks? If not, youdo not know how much scorn a boy's face is capable of displaying". Quoi qu'il en soit, la fiche analytique de Professeur Totosy repererait facilement mon "type" de preface, ainsi que ses donnees systemique: references a la theorie et au genre litteraires, renvois a des textes celebres, clins d'oeil ou appels au lecteur, et bien d'autres particularites, en somme un peu d'apologie, une pointe de critique, beaucoup d'explication en vue d'une certaine Clement Moisan, Prefacer une etude de prefaces VII "'"''"'~·'V··· sans oublier I' intention de convaincre le lecteur de la validite du sinon de le convertir a une nouvelle .........,,..,,.,"hr'" Toute inutiles sans demeurent. Et un devoir afin que la de (encore une reference un ne se verifie pas: "Une mauvaise considerablement un mauvais livre". Car il d'un ouvrage solidement par une documentation sy~;te1ruc1ue et traitee selon des concepts theorique et des outils methodologiques les affines aujourd 'hui. The Social Dimensions of Fiction a les qualites des travaux issus des theories actuelles, dont le polysysteme d'Itamar Even-Zohar et l'etude (theorie) empirique de la litterature de Siegfried J. Schmidt. Cette demiere developpee plus d'une decennie en Allemagne, a la preference de Professeur Totosy. Deux orientations du travail en font foi, qui relevent du "construc­ tivism" de Siegfried J. Schmidt dont r objectif est de deplacer la recherche du sens immanent des oeuvres vers celle des qui constituent et produisent le phenomene social et culture! de la litterature. 1 En premier lieu, l' auteur considere les te:ic.tes de son corpus oomme un ensemble de pratiques litteraires qui se rapportent a un genre (la preface), d'ailleurs "problematique", et non pas !'inverse, a savoir un genre qui definirait une serie de textes.
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