DOCSLIB.ORG

NSAID Use in Endurance Events: a Cross-Sectional Study of NSAID Use in Two Swedish Multisport Cup Races

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NSAID Use in Endurance Events: a Cross-Sectional Study of NSAID Use in Two Swedish Multisport Cup Races NSAID use in endurance events: A cross-sectional study of NSAID use in two Swedish Multisport Cup Races Emma Wichardt Supervised by: Karin Henriksson -Larsén C. Mikael Mattsson Emma Wichardt Sports medicine unit Department of surgery and perioperative sciences Umeå University 901 87 Umeå Phone: +46 90 785 48 13 Fax: +46 90 13 56 92 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Table of contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 4 Adverse effects in conjunction with NSAID use .................................................................................................. 4 NSAID use in sports ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Objective ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 METHOD ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Stockholm Adventure Race – STAR .................................................................................................................... 6 Femmans Multisport Race ................................................................................................................................. 6 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................. 7 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................... 7 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 9 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2 Abstract Non-doping classified medicines are to a large extent used by athletes to treat injuries, cure illnesses and obtain a competitive edge. NSAIDS are frequently prescribed to athletes to suppress inflammation and pain, yet one in five athletes report adverse effects after such use. Objective: To examine the frequency of NSAID use in adventure racing and specifically study whether the length of a race may influence the extent of NSAID use. Further, the study also assesses the reasons for NSAID use and possible adverse effects. Method: A cross-sectional study of two Swedish Multisport Cup races. 59 racers participated in the study. Result: 1 racer (1.7 %) used NSAID during one of the two races. A total of 42.4 % (n=25) have occasionally used NSAIDs during or between races. 23.7 % (n=14) sometimes use NSAIDs during races. 12.0 % (n=3) of the 25 athletes that sometimes use NSAIDs reported adverse effects. Reasons for NSAID use were diverse. The most common reason was to reduce pain in general during longer races (n=8). Conclusion: Results show a clear difference in NSAID use between the shorter races studied here and the longer previously studied adventure race, with NSAID use being much more common in the latter (1.7 % vs. 30 %). NSAID use in longer races is at approximately the same level as NSAID use in other endurance events. Based on the reasons for NSAID use stated in this study, it is clear that athletes have a very limited knowledge and awareness regarding effects, indications for use, and possible adverse effects of the medicine. 3 Introduction Non-doping classified medicines are to a large extent used by athletes to treat injuries, cure illnesses and obtain a competitive edge.(1) NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are according to two separate studies the second most commonly used drugs by athletes, behind vitamins (1) or anti- allergic medicines.(2) They are frequently prescribed to athletes to suppress inflammation and pain after soft-tissue injuries and after overuse injuries.(3-6) Yet, one in five athletes report adverse effects in conjunction with NSAID use.(2) Adverse effects in conjunction with NSAID use All NSAIDs, due to their inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, can have a wide range of adverse effects.(7-8) 19.2 % (n=42) of Finnish elite athletes using NSAIDs reported drug-related adverse effects. Most common were central nervous system-related (11.0 %) and gastrointestinal-related adverse effects (8.7 %).(2) 18.3 % of the during-race-users in the Brazil Ironman Triathlon reported adverse effects, of which gastro-intestinal problems (7.5 %) were the most common.(9) NSAID- induced gastro-intestinal toxicity is also the most common adverse drug effect reported in the USA in the general population.(10) NSAIDS have for long been thought to be a risk factor for hyponatremia.(11) This was shown in a study of the 2004 New Zealand Ironman Triathlon, which was the first study to show that NSAID use is associated with an increased incidence of hyponatremia (p<0.001).(12) The authors of that study found that NSAIDs affect renal function during exercise, in line with another similar study.(13) Renal damage, secondary to exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis in athletes taking NSAIDs, has been reported in several studies.(14-17) The risk of exertional rhabdomyolysis leading to renal failure has been shown to be greatly enhanced when consuming NSAIDs. Seven out of nine runners suffering from acute renal failure from exertional rhabdomyolysis during a marathon race had taken NSAIDs.(18) Four cases of acute renal failure were reported after an ultra-marathon, and all four had ingested NSAIDs.(19) Many athletes with minor injuries do not take enough time off training or competition to allow proper healing.(1, 20-21) Instead they begin to treat their problems with NSAIDs and continue to exercise. But there is increasing evidence that NSAIDs may have a deleterious effect on the regeneration process in healing, and that the inflammation that NSAIDs are aiming to decrease is in fact necessary for adequate tissue repair.(21-23) NSAID use in sports Because of the risk for adverse effects in athletes using NSAIDs during exercise, it is of interest to study the extent of NSAID use in different sports. Several studies of NSAID use has been conducted during the Olympic Games, and in other unselected populations of athletes. Berglund et al. (24) studied the use of NSAIDs in Swedish Olympic athletes during the games in Atlanta in 1996, Nagano in 1998 and Sydney in 2000. In the Atlanta games, 11.5% of these athletes used NSAIDs, and in Sydney and Nagano the numbers were 7.6 % and 6.7 % respectively. They estimated the NSAID use to be 6-10 times higher in Swedish Olympic athletes than in the general Swedish population of the same age. Among Canadian athletes, NSAID use was 33.0 % and 38.0 % respectively in the Atlanta and Sydney games.(25) 4 At the Sydney games, athletes of all nationalities selected for doping control were asked “what medications have you taken in the past three days?” All prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications and other substances like vitamins were to be included in the answers. 2758 athletes responded to the question. Of those, 2167 had taken some kind of medication, and 706 (25,6%) had taken NSAIDS, second only in frequency to vitamin use.(1) The only study that has compared the use of NSAIDs in elite athletes to that of an age-matched control from the general population is that of Alaranta et al.(2) They studied all Finish elite athletes financially supported by the National Olympic Committee (n=494) and found that 49.1 % (n=219) had used physician-prescribed NSAIDs in the previous 12 months. 2.0 % reported daily use and 10.8 % reported monthly use. During the previous seven days before the study, 8.1 % of the athletes, and 2.7 % of the controls had used NSAIDs. In the endurance athletes’ category, the same number was 4.6%. A study from Belgium analyzed data from 18,645 doping control forms gathered for the years 2002- 2005. The prevalence of NSAID use three days before competition varied between 12-13 % for each year.(26) They found that use of NSAIDs was most prevalent in athletics and ball sports, with 20-30 % use in volleyball and 19-25 % in soccer each year, compared to only 4-6 % in cycling. A high usage among ball sports players was also found in two studies of soccer players. In one study from Italy, 93 % of the players in the major leagues reported a high use of NSAIDs.(27) In a study of American student soccer players, 75 % reported having used NSAIDs in the previous 3 months, and 15 % were daily users.(28) A few endurance events have been studied in relation to NSAID use. During the 2004 New Zealand Ironman Triathlon, the incidence of NSAID use 24 hours prior to race finish was 30% (100/333 athletes).(12) 20 % of the participants in the Kepler Challenge, a New Zealand ultra mountain-run, had used NSAIDs in the 24 hours before and during the race, and 15 % had used COXIBs (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.(29) Gorski et al. (9) studied the prevalence of NSAID use and the level of awareness regarding NSAID use during the 2008 Brazil Ironman Triathlon. A sample of athletes (327 of 1250) answered a questionnaire after the race about NSAID consumption, reason for use and adverse
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BRUCE PENINSULA MULTISPORT RACE (BPMR) – RACER HANDBOOK (As of July 18, 2019)
    BRUCE PENINSULA MULTISPORT RACE (BPMR) – RACER HANDBOOK (as of July 18, 2019) EVENTS: 1. The Subaru Long Course is a one-day 5-stage multisport race consisting of a 16 km paddle, 32 km cycle, 8 km run, 24 km cycle, and 16 km run. 2. The Suntrail Course is a one-day multisport race in a loop consisting of a 4 km paddle, 250m run, 16 km mountain bike, and 7 km run. 3. The Subaru Duathlon is 4K of paddling & 300m of running, 15km bike, 300m run and a 4km paddle, followed by a 50m sprint to the finish. 4. The Run Duathlon is a 6k run, 15k bike, 6k run. 5. The Summer House Park Kids Race runs throughout the afternoon and consists of cycling & running with obstacles. The race runs continuously, and the clock stops for each participant or team when they cross the finish line. ORGANIZATION: The BPMR is organized by committee by the Peninsula Adventure Sports Association (PASA). The event is sanctioned by the Canadian Adventure Racing Association. The team categories of this event are qualifying races for the Adventure Racing Ontario Points Series (www.adventureracingontario.com) The mailing address for PASA is 107 Old Mill Rd. Georgian Bluffs, ON N0H 2T0. REQUIREMENTS: The BPMR is open to Soloists or Teams, however all participants are required to: 1. Read and understand these rules before racing 2. Be fully aware of the risks assumed in participating in such events 3. Attest that they are aware of their own physical capabilities and the limits of their technical skills 4.
    [Show full text]
  • ITF Competition Rules
    ITF Competition Rules The ITF Competition Rules is the master source document, created by ITF. The document acts as the official (authorized) reference document and is maintained based on authorized amendments in accordance with recommendations by the ITF Technical Committee and accepted by the ITF Executive Board. Contact Indian Triathlon Federation (ITF) Khivraj Complex II, 2nd Floor, Nandanam 480, Anna Salai, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India- 600035 Tel +91 4424340254 Email: [email protected] For general information about ITF visit www.triathlonindia.com TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION: 4 2. CONDUCT OF ATHLETES: 7 3. PENALTIES: 14 4. SWIMMING CONDUCT: 18 5. CYCLING CONDUCT: 23 6. RUNNING CONDUCT: 27 7. TRANSITION AREA CONDUCT: 27 8. COMPETITION CATEGORIES: 29 9. PRIZES AND AWARDS: 29 10. EVENTS: 30 11. TECHNICAL OFFICIALS: 33 12. PROTESTS: 35 13. APPEALS: 37 14. TEAM AND RELAY EVENTS: 39 15. APPENDIX A: RACE DISTANCES AND AGE REQUIREMENTS: 41 16. APPENDIX B: RACE PROTEST FORM: 42 17. APPENDIX C: RACE APPEAL FORM: 44 18. APPENDIX D: DEFINITIONS: 46 19. APPENDICES E: QUALIFICATION AND RANKING CRITERIA 53 20. APPENDICES F: UNIFORM RULES 58 21. APPENDIX G: ITF RELATED MULTISPORTS: 61 22. APPENDIX H: ITF EVENTS AND ITF EVENT CATEGORIES: 61 23. APPENDIX I: PENALTIES AND VIOLATIONS: 62 24. APPENDIX J: RESULTS AND START LIST SAMPLES 67 25. APPENDIX K: ATHLETE’S AGREEMENT 68 26. APPENDIX L: TECHNOLOGICAL FRAUD: _____________________________________________________68 27. APPENDIX M: PPE-PARTICIPATION EVALUATION: ________________________________________________69 4 1. INTRODUCTION: 1.1. Purpose: a.) The Indian Triathlon Federation (ITF) is the sole governing body, responsible for the Competition Rules for Triathlon, Duathlon and its other related multisport in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Competency Specification
    Scottish Championship Series Events Event Management Specification and Bid Guidance Bids for the 2013 Scottish Championships are now open! Tenders for bids are invited for one or more of the following events; Scottish Aquathlon Championships. (Distances 750m Swim 5km Run) Scottish Duathlon Championships. (Distances 10K Run 40K Bike 5K Run) Scottish Cross Triathlon Championships. (Distances 1500m Swim 40K Bike 10K Run) Scottish Sprint Triathlon Championships. (Distances 750m Swim 20K Bike 5K Run) Scottish Standard Triathlon Championships. (Distances 1500m Swim 40K Bike 10K Run) Scottish Middle Distance Triathlon Championships. (Distances 1900m Swim 90K Bike 21K Run or 3800m Swim 180K Bike 42K Run) Scottish Youth Triathlon Championships. (Distances as per Tri star age guidelines) Scottish Schools Triathlon Championships. (Distances as per tri star age group guidelines) triathlonscotland encourages bids from all areas of Scotland as long as the race organiser can demonstrate that they have run a safe and efficient multisport race event at least once before they submit a championship bid. This document will help new and experienced race organisers to complete the championship bidding process although if you have any questions about the process, or this document, please do not hesitate to contact Events & Volunteer Manager Gemma Simpson at 01786 466903. Why bid for a championship event? There are many reasons why but the primary reason is to create additional prestige at your multisport event. Championship events are popular among the Scottish triathlon community and most championship events receive a greater number of entrants than similar non-championship events. Winning championship bid events will also receive additional support from triathlonscotland and you may also find that your event is more attractive to potential sponsors and partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Education Achievement Standard 90436 Perform a Physical Activity to Nationally Developed Performance Standards
    Physical Education Performance Standards For Level 2 This resource must be used in conjunction with: AS90436 v3 Physical Education 2.5: Perform a physical activity to nationally developed performance standards Contents page Guidelines for assessing achievement standard PE 2.5 2 Generic Template 7 Athletics 3 events/pentathlon 11 Athletics 800m (female) Athletics 3000m (female) 15 Athletics Triple Jump (female) Badminton 19 Basketball 23 Biathlon/Aquathon (200m swim / 2.6k run – beach) Biathlon (180 swim/2km run) 26 Biathlon (175 swim/3km run)/or(12k bike/3k run)or(12k bike/175m swim) 29 Duathlon (3km run /400m swim /3km run) 31 Duathlon (100m swim 2k run) 33 Duathlon (400m swim 3 km run) 34 Duathlon (200m swim 3km Run) 35 Duathlon (500m Swim 4.5km Run) 38 Duathlon (5km ru/20km cycle) 39 Bouldering 40 Canoe polo 41 Circus Arts (Juggling, Devil sticks & Diablo) 42 Cricket 49 Cross Country (4.2km- undulating) 50 Cross Country (4km-undulating)) 51 Cross Country (4km-Oriental Parade) 52 Cross Country Skiing 56 Equestrian-Springston Trophy 59 Flag Football 60 Golf 62 Gymnastics 64 Gymnastics-Men 66 Half Marathon (Waitakere) 68 Half Marathon (Wellington waterfront) 71 Handball 75 High Ropes 78 Hockey 81 Indoor Bowls 83 Ice Hockey 84 Kapa Haka 86 Karate 88 Korfball 93 Kayaking-sheltered, slow moving water 95 Kayaking – 7km flat water 98 Kayaking-Moving water-Grade 2 101 Lawn Bowls 103 Life Saving 105 Low Ropes 107 Mountain Biking (McLeans island) 109 Mountain Biking (Naseby Forest) 111 Mountain Biking (Whakarewarewa) 113 Mountain Biking (Generic
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 XTERRA Saipan Press Guide.Qxd
    AND THE SAIPAN SPORTS FEST MARCH 31 - APRIL 9 2006 PRESS GUIDE ssppoonnssoorrss The 2006 XTERRA Saipan Championship is presented by the Marianas Visitors Authority, and sponsored by the Pacific Islands Club, Paul Mitchell, XTERRA Gear, and Coca~Cola Beverage Co. (Micronesia), Inc. iinnttoo tthhee jjuunnggllee . AT THE 5th ANNUAL XTERRA SAIPAN CHAMPIONSHIP XTERRA is the world’s premier off-road multisport event. An extreme competition, the XTERRA format combines swimming with mountain biking and trail running. It has been described as one part triathlon, one part mountain bike race, and one part “survival of the fittest”. With its white sand beaches, warm water, jungle trails, and secret caves it’s easy to see how the XTERRA Saipan Championship became the “crown jewel” of the XTERRA Global Tour. In 2006 there will be more than 100 XTERRA races in 17 countries…but none quite like this one! The race starts with a 1.5-kilometer swim in the crystal clear waters fronting Micro Beach, follows with a 30k mountain bike ride that traverses island terrain to the top of Mount Tapotchau (the highest point on the island at 1,545 feet elevation) and finishes with a 12k trail run that takes competitors past World War II relics and through secret jungles and caves. The event is a qualifier for the 2006 Nissan Xterra World Championship held in Maui on October 29 - with 34 slots available to the top finishers in each age group (see page 12 for details). The race will also award points to amateur athletes racing in this year’s Nissan Xterra USA Championship Series.
    [Show full text]
  • New Vegan Products! Pre-Race Meal 'Best
    Our biggest issue ever! $3.95 'Best by' dates are back! Pre-race meal (Why less is more!) Incorporating Compex into your workout New vegan products! Product spotlight : PSA Caps www.hammernutrition.com 1 Laurie Hug secures a 2nd place podium finish at USMS Summer Nationals. Photo : www.wadleyphotography.com IN THIS ISSUE #82 Contents Letters 3 Athlete Spotlight : Eric Steele 48 Tribute to Hammer Nutrition 84 Welcome 4 ITU Long Course World Championships 50 Team Hammer 85 A day with the Duros 6 Coffee Corner : The Down Shift 52 Hammer Nutrition International 86 New vegan products for 2013 7 Join the coffee club 53 Ask Dr. Bill 88 Hammer Flask 8 Nate's Corner 54 Sponsored events 90 'Best by' dates are back 9 Kenda/Felt team's pro contenders 60 Living large in Death Valley 92 Recovery Bar musings 10 Just another day in the office 63 Team CMG 93 Brian's summer vacation 12 Proper fueling 64 Hammer Nutrition junior athletes 94 Product Spotlight : PSA Caps 14 Tales of a Cat 1 roadie 66 Hammerbuck$ winners 98 How to endure for life . 18 Fueling for 14,115' 68 From our athletes 102 Delta- and gamma-tocopherols 20 100 miles of guts, grit, and determination 70 Cycling skills with Mike Freeman 22 A solid plan for a solid finish 71 Hammer Camps 24 Where are they now? 72 Bell peppers 26 Enjoy FREE product with referrals 74 Yet another reason to avoid aspartame 28 Preparing for ski season 76 USMS Summer Nationals 30 CashCall rides to a podium finish 78 Peak performance with Compex 32 Arthur Webb blasts Badwater 80 Incorporating Compex into your workout 36 Where do you Hammer? Lake Michigan 82 Recovering, resting, and racing 38 Levi’s après workout lesson 40 Good days on the road to Kona 42 ON THE COVER From the kitchen of Bill Sirl 44 Bryan Mickiewicz pushes to a 4th place finish during the Battle the Bear MTB Marathon.
    [Show full text]
  • Columbus Triathlon and Multisport Festival July 18, 2021 Deer Creek State Park in Mt
    Columbus Triathlon and Multisport Festival July 18, 2021 Deer Creek State Park in Mt. Sterling, Ohio Athlete Guide, FAQ and Race Plan Registration, Info & Results at ColumbusTriathlon.com Event Organizer Zoom Multisport Racing co-hosts this event with USA Timing and Race Management; these 2 companies have been hosting races across Ohio for more than a decade and we are looking forward to another great season. We are athletes who want to encourage more people to get healthy though multisport training and racing. We also love our local parks and want to bring more patrons to the parks to run, bike and swim. We want to partner with you to host a safe, challenging and fun event at your venue. Our events have something for everyone, beginner to ironman, including 4 triathlons, 3 duathlons, 3 aquabikes, 3 aquathlons and 2 open water swims. The races are designed so that everyone, at any ability level, can compete. Each race uses a set of common courses, included below. On race day our courses will be marked with signs, non-permanent children’s sidewalk chalk, traffic cones, and volunteers. Additionally we will partner with local businesses to supply food and other race services. We have a trained team to help host the race, including a medical director, lifeguards, and other professional race planners. We will contract with park rangers, local police & EMS to ensure all athletes are safe when competing, and follow all national, state and local regulations, including COVID-19 safety protocols and recommendations. We will obtain USA Triathlon event sanctioning and insurance for these races.
    [Show full text]
  • ITU Competition Rules
    ITU Competition Rules Approved by the ITU Executive Board, in December 2013 and February 2014 International Triathlon Union ITU Competition Rules 14-12-2013 1 The ITU Competition Rules is the master source document, found on ITU’s website at www.triathlon.org. The web based document acts as the official (authorised) reference document and is maintained based on authorised amendments in accordance with recommendations by the ITU Technical Committee and accepted by the ITU Executive Board. Contact International Triathlon Union (ITU) #221-998 Harbourside Drive North Vancouver, British Columbia Canada, V7P 3T2 Tel (1 604) 904 9248 Fax (1 604) 904 9249 Email: [email protected] For general information about ITU visit www.triathlon.org International Triathlon Union ITU Competition Rules 14-12-2013 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION: __________________________________________________________________________ 4 2. CONDUCT OF ATHLETES: ___________________________________________________________________ 6 3. PENALTIES: _____________________________________________________________________________14 4. SWIMMING CONDUCT: ___________________________________________________________________18 5. CYCLING CONDUCT: ______________________________________________________________________22 6. RUNNING CONDUCT: _____________________________________________________________________29 7. TRANSITION AREA CONDUCT: ______________________________________________________________30 8. COMPETITION CATEGORIES: _______________________________________________________________31
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Athlete Guide
    2021 ATHLETE GUIDE Race Date: Saturday, 6/19/21; Race Start: 7:00am Location: Cathedral Camp, 167 East Freetown, MA June 14, 2021 Dear Athlete, It’s been 20 months since our last event and we are thrilled to return to racing even if it will look and feel a little different from the last time we were producing events. As part of the state’s re-opening plan we prepared a COVID-19 Mitigation Plan designed to reduce the risk of the spread of the virus. This plan was shared and approved by the Freetown Board of Health and the basic elements of this plan are covered in section 1 of this guide (page 2). Your understanding and cooperation with this plan is appreciated. You can download the complete plan at https://sunmultisportevents.com/events/patriot-half/ The Patriot Half is a production of Sun Multisport Events (SME). This Athlete Guide and the page of our website devoted to the Patriot Half should answer all your questions. If after reading this Guide and visiting our website you still have questions feel free email us at [email protected]. However, understand that this is race week so our response to emails will be slower than normal. We will email you if we need to communicate any last minute news or announcements, but we also invite you to follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram where we’ll post quick updates (e.g. Long Pond water temperature) as we get closer to race day. Good luck with your final race preparations.
    [Show full text]
  • Get Outside This Winter!
    Skiing | Running | Hiking | Biking Paddling | Triathlon | Fitness | Travel FREE! FEBRUARY 20,000 CIRCULATION CAPITAL REGION • SARATOGA • GLENS FALLS • ADIRONDACKS 2012 Get Outside This Winter! Visit Us on the Web! AdkSports.com SKIERS AND RIDERS WITH A BLUE SKY Facebook.com/AdirondackSports VIEW OF THE WHITEFACE SUMMIT IN by Darryl Caron WILMINGTON. © ORDA CONTENTS n a winter that’s brought less natural snow and fewer nota- Cross-Country Skiing – The Nordic centers offer Ibly cold days – so far – don’t let that stop you from getting hundreds of kilometers of groomed cross-country ski trails 1 Alpine Skiing, Cross-Country outside to enjoy the winter we have right now! Here are some across our region, and there are countless miles of back- ideas for snow and ice fun with family and friends. country ski tours in the Adirondacks. Whether you are Skiing & Snowshoeing Join many hearty Capital Region and Adirondack locals looking for a peaceful trail winding along frozen rivers and Get Outside This Winter and visitors by ignoring the winter naysayers and celebrate fields or a day of adventure, visit Cascade, Dewey, Garnet with winter destinations, activities and events. Whether you 3 Snowshoeing & Hiking Hill, Lapland Lake, Mt. Van Ho (Olympic Sports Complex), cruise the wintery trails by skis, sled, snowshoes or dog Climbing Noonmark Mountain Osceola Tug Hill or Pineridge. Or, try backcountry skiing sled, we have it all. With affordable ski/stay packages, state with an outfitter or guide service that offers rentals, lessons parks and preserves, and tons of free family activities and 3 From the Publisher & Editor and guided tours.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Monroe Idea Report FINAL
    Topic Name Feedback on the Planning Advisory Group (PAG) Presentation Idea Title FMA and planners need to think regionally. Presentation showed only FM, Phoebus, and Hampton as important in planning. Ways to bring Norfolk and Portsmouth visitors to the fort should be included in plans. Existing, as well as newly implemented passenger ferries and tour boats, should be Idea Detail encouraged to make stops at FM. A great restaurant near the docking point would attract many. A reliable and frequent pick up tour bus could help circulate these visitors around the fort and to local cities. Quality tourism attractions at FM, in Phoebus, and Hampton would almost guarantee many visitors. Idea Author Ron W Number of Seconds 0 Number of Points 3 Number of Comments 0 Idea Title A trolley run from the Fort to downtown Hpt and Pen Town Center Need revenue generating draws to the Fort. Also groceries, restaurant, period type housing, camping. Too much open space is Idea Detail NOT a draw there. It has few trees and little character outside of the existing homes, Casemate and Batteries. The 'been here' folks have a false sense of how wonderful Hampton is compared to the rest of the country. Idea Author Pat W Number of Seconds 0 Number of Points 2 Number of Comments 0 Idea Title "Escape from Fort Monroe" Duathlon and/or Triathlon event The Fort would make a unique destination venue for a multisport race in the sprit of the annual event at Alcatraz and the duathlon previously held at Fort Story. The site could host a 5k running course in and around the fort itself, and a 20 mile looped cycling course around the island and nearby areas such as Phoebus and Buckroe Beach.
    [Show full text]
  • Strength and Conditioning for Triathlon: the 4Th Discipline Free
    FREE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING FOR TRIATHLON: THE 4TH DISCIPLINE PDF Mark Jarvis | 192 pages | 12 Sep 2013 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781408172117 | English | London, United Kingdom Kniha: Strength and Conditioning for Triathlon (Mark Jarvis) | Martinus A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of swimmingcyclingand running over various distances. The sport has its roots in multi-event races held in France during the s, with more specified rules and races forming during the late s as sports clubs and individuals developed the sport. This history has meant that variations of the sport were created and still exist, it also lead to other three stage races to use the name triathlon despite not being continuous or not consisting of swim bike and run Strength and Conditioning for Triathlon: The 4th Discipline. Triathletes train to achieve endurance, strength, speed, requiring focused persistent and periodised training for each of the three disciplines, as well as combination workouts and general strength conditioning. The evolution of triathlon as a distinct event is difficult to trace with precision. Many, including triathlon historian and author Scott Tinleyconsider events in early twentieth century France to be the beginnings of triathlon, with many three element multisport events of differing composition appearing all called by different names. The following year after competing in the event for the second time and placing in the top ten Johnstone desired more of this style of race and with equal emphasis on the swim, so he petitioned the chairman of the San Diego Track Club who told him he would add a race to the club calendar but the rest of the race was up to Johnstone to organise and at the same time to contact Don Shanahan so there wouldn't be too many "weird" races on the club schedule.
    [Show full text]