DOCSLIB.ORG

Taking the Pulse of North Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Operational Section (chapters 5 and 6) of this 2015 Annual Report of the African Development Bank’s North Africa Regional Department was prepared by Amine Mouaffak (Regional Program Officer, ORNA) and Vincent Castel (Chief Country Economist - Morocco). This work benefited from contributions from Hervé Lohoues (Principal Country Economist - Algeria), Tarik Benbahmed (Country Economist) and Malek Bouzgarrou (Principal Country Programme Officer - Algeria and Mauritania) for Algeria, Prajesh Bhakta (Chief Country Programme Officer - Egypt) for Egypt, Samia Mansour (Country Economist - Libya) for Libya, Olivier Brétéché (Principal Country Programme Officer - Morocco) and Vincent Castel (Chief Country Economist - Morocco) for Morocco, Marcellin Ndong Ntah (Resident Chief Country Economist - Mauritania) and Malek Bouzgarrou (Principal Country Programme Officer - Algeria and Mauritania) for Mauritania, Abdourahamane Charaf-Eddine (Chief Country Programme Officer - Tunisia), Philippe Trape (Principal Country Economist - Tunisia ) and Mickaelle Chauvin (Economist, ORNA) for Tunisia. The Thematic Section (chapters 1 to 4) of this 2015 Annual Report of the African Development Bank’s North Africa Regional Department was prepared by Kaouther Abderrahim Ben Salah (Economist, ORNA), Vincent Castel (Chief Country Economist - Morocco) and William Shaw (Economist, AfDB). The chapters are based on the African Economic Outlook of the six countries of the North Africa region, written by AfDB’s economists : Hervé Lohoues (Principal Country Economist - Algeria) and Tarik Benbahmed (Country Economist) for Algeria, Prajesh Bhakta (Chief Country Programme Officer - Egypt), Diarra-Thioune Assitan (Regional Economist, ORNA) and Inji Amr (Consultant, ORNA) for Egypt, Samia Mansour (Country Economist - Libya) and Sahar Rad (Former Senior Country Economist - Libya) for Libya, Samia Mansour (Country Economist - Libya) and Vincent Castel (Chief Country Economist - Morocco) for Morocco, Marcellin Ndong Ntah (Resident Chief Country Economist - Mauritania) for Mauritania, Philippe Trape (Principal Country Economist - Tunisia) and Mickaelle Chauvin (Economist, ORNA) for Tunisia. The authors would like to thank for their contributions: Assitan Diarra-Thioune (Regional Economist), Leila Mokadem (Resident Representative - Egypt), Yacine Fal (Resident Representative - Morocco), Boubacar Traoré (Resident Representative - Algeria), Yasser Ahmad (Chief Country Programme Officer - Egypt, Libya), Thouraya Triki (Chief Country Economist) and Yasmine Moustapha Eita (Principal Country Programme Officer). Projects Briefs were also reviewed by various Operations Officers from Sector Departments : Mr. Mohamed Ould Tolba (Chief Agricultural Economist, OSAN), Mrs. Audrey Chouchane (Chief Research Economist, EDRE), Mr. Mamadou Yaro Chief (regional Financial Management Coordinator, ORPF), Mr. William Coovi Firmin Dakpo (Chief Regional Procurement Coordinator, ORPF), Mrs. Selma Ennaifer (Chief Financial Management Specialist, ORPF), Mr. Riadh Belhaj (Principal Risk Officer, FFMA), Mrs. Blandine Wu Chebili (Principal Procurement Officer, ORPF), Mr. Mouhamed Gueye (Principal Education Economist, OSHD), Mrs. Laurence Lannes (Principal Health Economist, OSHD), Mr. Fernando Rodrigues (Senior Investment Officer, OPSD), Mr. Oussama Ben Abedelkarim (Senior Education Economist, OSHD), Mrs Sonia Barbaria (Consultant), Mrs. Charlotte Karagueuzian (Consultant, EDRE), Mohamed Labben (Consultant, ORPF), Mr. Ali Kies (Consultant, OITC), Mr. Emmanuel Diarra (Principal Financial Economist), Mr. Adama Moussa (Principal Electrical Engineer), Mr. More Pierre Ndong (Senior Transportation Engineer), Mr. Driss Khiati (Agricultural Expert), Mr. Mohammed El Ouahabi (Water and Sanitation Specialist), Mrs. Leila Kilani-Jaafor (Social Development Specialist), Ms. Gehane El Sokkary (Senior Socio Economist), Mr. Tarek Ammar (Principal Private Sector Specialist), Mr. Khaled El Askari (Senior Infrastructure Specialist) and Mr. Yasser Alwan (Senior Irrigation Engineer). This report was prepared under the guidance of Mr. Jacob Kolster (Director, ORNA). The African Development Bank (AfDB) This document was prepared by the African Development Bank (AfDB). Designations employed in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the institution concerning the legal status of any country, or the limitation of its frontier. While efforts have been made to present reliable information, the AfDB accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of its use. Published by: the African Development Bank (AfDB) Headquarters Immeuble du Centre de Commerce International d’Abidjan CCIA Avenue Jean-Paul II 01 B.P. 1387 Abidjan 01 CÔTE D’IVOIRE Tél. : (+225) 20 26 44 44 Fax : (+225) 20 21 31 00 Tunis Agency Avenue du Dollar, Berges du Lac 2 1053 – Tunis, TUNISIE Tel.: (+216) 71 10 20 65 Fax: (+216) 71 19 45 23 Design and Layout Yasso creation: Hela Chaouachi ([email protected]) Copyright © 2015 African Development Bank Website: www.afdb.org 2 The African Development Bank Group in North Africa - 2015 Table of contents 5 Preface 6 The AfDB at a Glance 11 Acronyms 15 CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW – TAKING THE PULSE OF NORTH AFRICA 21 CHAPTER 2 COPING WITH THE MACROECONOMIC IMPACT OF DOMESTIC AND EXTERNAL VOLATILITY 22 Recent Developments and Prospects 25 Fiscal Policy 27 Monetary Policy 28 Economic Cooperation, Regional Integration and Trade 29 Debt P olicy 33 CHAPTER 3 CHALLENGES FACING PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR 34 Private Sector 36 Financial Sector 37 Public Sector Management, Institutions and Reforms 41 CHAPTER 4 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN NORTH AFRICA 42 Building Human Resources 44 Poverty Reduction, Social Protection and Labour 46 Gender Equality 51 CHAPTER 5 THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP IN BRIEF 53 Who We Are & What We Do 54 How We Are Financed 55 Africa’s Knowledge Bank 59 CHAPTER 6 BANK GROUP ACTIVITIES IN NORTH AFRICA 61 Regional Overview 65 Algeria 87 Egypt 121 Libya 131 Mauritania 143 Morocco 195 Tunisia 237 CHAPTER 7 STAFF & CONTACT DETAILS 3 4 The African Development Bank Group in North Africa - 2015 Preface n the wake of the Arab Spring in 2011, North Africa has women, the greatest assets of the region, to participate Igone through a period of major transition with significant in the economy to their full potential will be a priority as if very different political and social changes in the countries will addressing the economic disadvantages for men and of the region. Most countries have thus embarked on women living in disenfranchised regions. This calls for country-owned projects of economic reforms. Mostly, these improving the quality of education, access to quality health reforms have been aimed at maintaining macroeconomic care, job training, and effective policies that foster labor stability and improving standards of living—something that force participation. Removing excessive barriers to doing will require the creation of productive jobs in the private business in the private sector will also be key as will sector as well as better and fairer access to public well-targeted interventions in the poorest and most resources and economic opportunities. disenfranchised regions. Macroeconomic stability has, thus, broadly been This year’s Annual Report on North Africa reviews the maintained in North Africa except for some cases economic and social developments of North African exposed to violent conflicts. Development financing countries at a time when the most countries in the region has contributed to the upgrading of public infrastructure are seeking to improve the long-term levers for growth and basic service delivery. The structural reform agendas, and poverty reduction, as well as the efficiency of public on the other hand, remain work-in-progress with some services and the business environment in order to foster important advances made in expenditure reforms, notably private sector development. the reduction of large energy subsidies, while other areas of reform have proven to be difficult to tackle due to In chapter 1, entitled "Measuring the Pulse of North challenging political conditions. Africa", we present an overview of the situation in North African countries in light of recent experience. Going forward, and outside the countries in conflict, lower energy prices for oil-importing countries, a more favorable Chapter 2, entitled "Addressing the Macroeconomic external environment, and the impact of early reforms Impact of Internal and External Volatility", presents should underpin stronger GDP growth. However, this is the trend of North African economies and reviews fiscal unlikely to be enough to make a meaningful dent in and monetary policies, trade integration and the public unemployment. Furthermore, challenges to security still debt position. weigh on investor confidence, including in countries that have made progress in political and democratic transition Chapter 3, entitled "Challenges to Public Sector – implying that peace and stability in the region are now Management and Private Sector Development", clear pre-requisites for long-term development. reviews recent changes in private sector development incentives, financial sector intermediation and public Structural reforms are necessary to improve economic sector management in terms of the long-term challenges and social outcomes. In particular, enabling youth and facing North African countries. 5 The African Development Bank Group in North Africa - 2015 Chapter 4, entitled "Social Developments
Recommended publications
  • Durham E-Theses

    Durham E-Theses

    Durham E-Theses Integrated rural development a case study of monastir governorate Tunisia Harrison, Ian C. How to cite: Harrison, Ian C. (1982) Integrated rural development a case study of monastir governorate Tunisia, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9340/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT A CASE STUDY OP MONASTIR GOVERNORATE TUNISIA IAN C. HARRISON The copyright of this thesis tests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without bis prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD, Department of Geography, University of Durham. March 1982. ABSTRACT The Tunisian government has adopted an integrated rural development programme to tackle the problems of the national rural sector. The thesis presents an examination of the viability and success of the programme with specific reference to the Governorate of Monastir.
  • UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Libya

    UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Libya

    UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Libya Musa Abdul Kareem (Libyan) Journalist at Sabbha-based newspaper Fasanea Killed on 31 July 2018 UNESCO Statement Jeroen Oerlemans (Dutch) Veteran war photographer Killed in Libya on 2 October 2016 [UNESCO Statement] Abdelqadir Fassouk (Libyan) Photojournalist and correspondent for satellite news channel Arraed TV Killed in Libya on 21 July 2016 [UNESCO Statement] Khaled al-Zintani (Libyan) Freelance journalist Killed in Libya on 23 June 2016 [UNESCO Statement] Mohamed Jalal (Egyptian) Photographer Killed in Libya on 27 April 2015 [UNESCO Statement] Yousef Kader Boh (Libyan) Journalist for Barqa TV Killed in Libya on 27 April 2015 1 UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Libya [UNESCO Statement] Abdallah Al Karkaai (Libyan) Journalist for Barqa TV Killed in Libya on 27 April 2015 [UNESCO Statement] Younes Al Mabruk Al Nawfali (Libyan) Journalist for Barqa TV Killed in Libya on 27 April 2015 [UNESCO Statement] khaled Al Sobhi (Libyan) Journalist for Barqa TV Killed in Libya on 27 April 2015 [UNESCO Statement] Muftah al-Qatrani (Libyan) Journalist for Libya Al-Wataniya TV Killed in Libya on 22 April 2015 [UNESCO Statement] Moatasem Billah Werfali (Libyan) Freelance journalist and presenter for Libya Alwatan radio Killed in Libya on 8 October 2014 [UNESCO Statement] Tayeb Issa Hamouda 2 UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Libya (Libyan) One of the founders of the Touareg cultural television channel Tomast Killed
  • Morocco's Jobs Landscape

    Morocco's Jobs Landscape

    Morocco’s Jobs Landscape Identifying Constraints to an Inclusive Labor Market Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Gordon Betcherman, Ayache Khellaf, and Vasco Molini INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS Morocco’s Jobs Landscape Identifying Constraints to an Inclusive Labor Market GLADYS LOPEZ-ACEVEDO, GORDON BETCHERMAN, AYACHE KHELLAF, AND VASCO MOLINI © 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 Books in this series are published to communicate the results of World Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorse- ment or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute, imply, or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.
  • Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps

    Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps

    Morocco/Western Sahara/Algeria HUMAN Human Rights in Western Sahara RIGHTS and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps WATCH Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps Morocco/Western Sahara/Algeria Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-420-6 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org December 2008 1-56432-420-6 Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps Map Of North Africa ....................................................................................................... 1 Summary...................................................................................................................... 2 Western Sahara ....................................................................................................... 3 Refugee Camps near Tindouf, Algeria ...................................................................... 8 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 12 To the UN Security Council ....................................................................................
  • Barly Records on Bantu Arvi Hurskainen

    Barly Records on Bantu Arvi Hurskainen

    Remota Relata Srudia Orientalia 97, Helsinki 20O3,pp.65-76 Barly Records on Bantu Arvi Hurskainen This article gives a short outline of the early, sometimes controversial, records of Bantu peoples and languages. While the term Bantu has been in use since the mid lgth century, the earliest attempts at describing a Bantu language were made in the lTth century. However, extensive description of the individual Bantu languages started only in the l9th century @oke l96lab; Doke 1967; Wolff 1981: 2l). Scholars have made great efforts in trying to trace the earliest record of the peoples currently known as Bantu. What is considered as proven with considerable certainty is that the first person who brought the term Bantu to the knowledge of scholars of Africa was W. H. L Bleek. When precisely this happened is not fully clear. The year given is sometimes 1856, when he published The lnnguages of Mosambique, oÍ 1869, which is the year of publication of his unfinished, yet great work A Comparative Grammar of South African Languages.In The Languages of Mosambiqu¿ he writes: <<The languages of these vocabularies all belong to that great family which, with the exception of the Hottentot dialects, includes the whole of South Africa, and most of the tongues of Western Africa>. However, in this context he does not mention the name of the language family concemed. Silverstein (1968) pointed out that the first year when the word Bantu is found written by Bleek is 1857. That year Bleek prepared a manuscript Zulu Legends (printed as late as 1952), in which he stated: <<The word 'aBa-ntu' (men, people) means 'Par excellence' individuals of the Kafir race, particularly in opposition to the noun 'aBe-lungu' (white men).
  • Of International Journal Euro-Mediterranean Studies

    Of International Journal Euro-Mediterranean Studies

    Euro-Mediterranean University Kidričevo nabrežje 2 SI-6330 Piran, Slovenia International Journal www.ijems.emuni.si [email protected] 1 of Euro-Mediterranean NUMBER Studies VOLUME 1 4 2021 NUMBER 1 2021 EDITORIAL A defining moment: Can we predict the future of higher education? Abdelhamid El-Zoheiry 14 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Security sector reform by intergovernmental organisations in Libya Anna Molnár, Ivett Szászi, Lili Takács VOLUME SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Interpreting the Mediterranean archaeological landscape through stakeholders’ participation – the case of Vrsar, Croatia Kristina Afrić Rakitovac, Nataša Urošević, Nikola Vojnović REVIEW ARTICLE Olive oil tourism in the Euro-Mediterranean area José Manuel Hernández-Mogollón, Elide Di-Clemente, Ana María Campón-Cerro, José Antonio Folgado-Fernández SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE What ever happened to the EU’s ‘science diplomacy’? The long mission of effective EU-Mediterranean cooperation in science and research Jerneja Penca BOOK REVIEW Transnational Islam and regional security: Cooperation and diversity between Europe and North Africa, by Frédéric Volpi (ed.) Georgi Asatryan EVENT REVIEW Capacity building for healthy seas: Summer school on sustainable blue economy in the Euro-Mediterranean Jerneja Penca Abstracts Résumés Povzetki International Journal The International Journal of Euro- EdITOR-IN-CHIEF Advisory board of Euro-Mediterranean Studies Mediterranean Studies is published in Prof. Dr. Abdelhamid El-Zoheiry, Prof. Dr. Samia Kassab-Charfi, English with abstracts in Slovenian, ISSN 1855-3362 (printed) Euro-Mediterranean University, Slovenia University of Tunis, Tunisia French and Arabic language. The Prof. Dr. Abeer Refky, Arab Academy ISSN 2232-6022 (online) journal is free of charge. managing Editor: for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt COPYRIGHT NOTICE Dr.
  • The Legal Issues Involved in the Western Sahara Dispute

    The Legal Issues Involved in the Western Sahara Dispute

    The Legal Issues Involved In The Western Sahara Dispute The Principle of Self-Determination and the Legal Claims of Morocco COMMITTEE ON THE UNITED NATIONS JUNE 2012 NEW YORK CITY BAR ASSOCIATION 42 WEST 44TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10036 THE LEGAL ISSUES INVOLVED IN THE WESTERN SAHARA DISPUTE THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-DETERMINATION Table of Contents Contents Page PART I: FACTUAL BACKGROUND....................................................................................... 3 PART II: ENTITLEMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF WESTERN SAHARA TO SELF- DETERMINATION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW ........................................................... 22 I. THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: GENERAL PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................ 22 A. Historical Development of the Right to Self-Determination ................................................ 23 B. The United Nations Charter and Non-Self-Governing Territories ....................................... 26 C. Status of Right as Customary Law and a Peremptory Norm ................................................ 27 D. People Entitled to Invoke the Right ...................................................................................... 32 E. Geographic Boundaries on the Right to Self-Determination ................................................ 34 F. Exceptions to the Right to Self-Determination ..................................................................... 38 II. THE COUNTERVAILING RIGHT TO TERRITORIAL
  • Ziad Joseph RAHAL Sport Mondial Et Culture Moyen-Orientale, Une

    Ziad Joseph RAHAL Sport Mondial Et Culture Moyen-Orientale, Une

    UNIVERSITÉ LILLE II U.F.R. S.T.A.P.S. 9, rue de l'Université 59790 -Ronchin THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE LILLE II, en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 13 décembre 2017 par Ziad Joseph RAHAL Sport mondial et culture moyen-orientale, une interaction dialectique récente. Le cas du Liban. Directeur de thèse Professeur Claude SOBRY Univ. Lille, EA 7369 Membres du Jury URePSSS -Unité de Recherche Pluridiscipli- Mme Sorina CERNAIANU, Université de Craiova (Roumanie) naire Sport Santé Société, Professeur Patrick BOUCHET, Université de Dijon (rapporteur) F-59000 Professeur Michel RASPAUD, Université de Grenoble Alpes (rapporteur) M. Nadim NASSIF, Université Notre-Dame, Beyrouth (Liban) Professeur Fabien WILLE, Université Lille II (Président) Professeur Claude SOBRY, Université Lille II (Directeur de thèse) UNIVERSITÉ LILLE II U.F.R. S.T.A.P.S. 9, rue de l'Université 59790 -Ronchin THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE LILLE II, en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 13 décembre 2017 par Ziad Joseph RAHAL Sport mondial et culture moyen-orientale, une interaction dialectique récente. Le cas du Liban. Directeur de thèse Professeur Claude SOBRY Univ. Lille, EA 7369 Membres du Jury : URePSSS -Unité de Recherche Pluridiscipli- Mme Sorina CERNAIANU, Université de Craiova (Roumanie) naire Sport Santé Société, Professeur Patrick BOUCHET, Université de Dijon (rapporteur) F-59000 Professeur Michel RASPAUD, Université de Grenoble Alpes (rapporteur) M. Nadim NASSIF, Université Notre-Dame, Beyrouth (Liban) Professeur Fabien WILLE, Université Lille 2 (Président) Professeur Claude SOBRY, Université Lille 2 (Directeur de thèse) Remerciements : Au terme de ce parcours universitaire qui aboutit aujourd’hui à la soutenance de cette thèse, il me revient d’exprimer mes plus sincères remerciements à toutes celles et ceux sans qui, ce travail n’aurait pas pu voir le jour.
  • Tunisia Fragil Democracy

    Tunisia Fragil Democracy

    German Council on Foreign Relations No. 2 January 2020 – first published in REPORT December 2018 Edited Volume Tunisia’s Fragile Democracy Decentralization, Institution-Building and the Development of Marginalized Regions – Policy Briefs from the Region and Europe Edited by Dina Fakoussa and Laura Lale Kabis-Kechrid 2 No. 2 | January 2020 – first published in December 2018 Tunisia’s Fragile Democracy REPORT The following papers were written by participants of the workshop “Promotion of Think Tank Work on the Development of Marginalized Regions and Institution-Building in Tunisia,” organized by the German Council on Foreign Relations’ Middle East and North Africa Program in the summer and fall of 2018 in cooperation with the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Tunis. The workshop is part of the program’s project on the promotion of think tank work in the Middle East and North Africa, which aims to strengthen the scientific and technical capacities of civil society actors in the region and the EU who are engaged in research and policy analysis and advice. It is realized with the support of the German Federal Foreign Office and the Institute for Foreign Cultural Relations (ifa e.V.). The content of the papers does not reflect the opinion of the DGAP. Responsibility for the information and views expressed herein lies entirely with the authors. The editorial closing date was October 28, 2018. Authors: Aniseh Bassiri Tabrizi, Mohamed Lamine Bel Haj Amor, Arwa Ben Ahmed, Elhem Ben Aicha, Ahmed Ben Nejma, Laroussi Bettaieb, Zied Boussen, Giulia Cimini, Rim Dhaouadi, Jihene Ferchichi, Darius Görgen, Oumaima Jegham, Tahar Kechrid, Maha Kouas, Anne Martin, and Ragnar Weilandt Edited by Dina Fakoussa and Laura Lale Kabis-Kechrid No.
  • Agriculture in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Morocco : Challengesand Prospects

    Agriculture in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Morocco : Challengesand Prospects

    83 Al awamia 92 Mars 1996 Agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of Morocco : Challengesand Prospects M. El Mourid and M. Karrout I Centre aridoculture, Inra Settat BP 589 Abstract Arid and semi-arid regions of Morocco lie in the northeast,high plateau and Moulouya valley, the centralwestand in the southwestin the Soussregion. They coverrespectively 27 Va and87 Vo o'i the whole country and arableland. They comprise60 7o of cerealsacreage and produce55 Vaof cerealproduction. More than 50 7o of moroccan population lives in these areas.Nevertheless, these regionsface severewater shortageswith limited and highly erraticrainfall. High risk of drought occufrence over and within years is common. Temperature regimes,shallow erodedsoils and croppingof marginallands aggravate moisture deticits. Farming systemsare complex and heterogeneouscombining crops and livestock. Traditional cultural practices are often inappropriate. The lack of adequateand appropriateinfrastructure to make agriculturalinputs availableand to store excessproduction limits progressof technology.The potential of increasedagricultural production and farm income does exist and it is far from being realized. This situation clearly indicates the importance of agricultural researchand clevelopmentand transferof technologyfor alleviating problemsof arid and semi-arid zones, and achievtng sustainableagriculture that will feed future generations. Key words : Water, cropping sysiems,dryland farming Résumé L'agriculture dansles régionsarides et semi-aridesdu Maroc : DéfÎs et persectives
  • Punk Rock Workout

    Punk Rock Workout

    REPORTING FROM THE HEART OF CASCADIA cascadia 12.06.06 :: 1.39 :: FREE SLUDGE FACTORS: CLEANUP BY THE NUMBERS, P. 8 DOWNTOWN BY DESIGN: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION SETS STANDARDS, P.10 iDiOM Theater WHAT retools A Christmas THE DICKENS? Carol, p.17 SNOW REPORT: WE’RE NUMBER ONE! P.13 LOOK UP! ARTISTS PORTRAY POETRY OF THE NIGHT SKY, P. 16 PUNK ROCK WORKOUT: Pretty Girls Make Graves, P.18 31 | Food 25-29 ae Sun eds nd da | Classifi | u Build Your Own! y 22-24 S | Film Special “Sundae” Bar on 18-21 the Sunday Dinner Buffet. For a limited time only! Not Valid 12/31/06 | Music Also available for $5 as a separate purchase. 17 | Art 16 Win Gift Cards to Sears, Old Navy, Starbucks and the Nooksack Market Centre plus | On Stage hundreds in Slot Play! 13-15 13-15 Holiday | Words & Community $1,750 12 Shopping Nightly! | Get Out Drawings every Thursday Friday and Saturday 8-11 8-11 , at pm pm and pm. | News 9 , 10 11 6-7 6-7 finale on Dec. 30th! | Views $6,500 4-5 4-5 Wednesday Night Buffet | Letters 3 Buy One... Get One Do it 11.29.06 FREE! Present this coupon along with your Winner’s Club Card Just 15 min. East of Bellingham at the Buffet to receive your free meal. Both customers on the Mt. Baker Highway must be a Winner’s Club Member to redeem. One offer Cascadia Weekly | #1.38 360-592-5472 per coupon. Management reserves all rights. www.nooksackcasino.com Valid any Wednesday through 12/27/06.
  • The History and Description of Africa and of the Notable Things Therein Contained, Vol

    The History and Description of Africa and of the Notable Things Therein Contained, Vol

    The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.nuhmafricanus3 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 Alternative title The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained Author/Creator Leo Africanus Contributor Pory, John (tr.), Brown, Robert (ed.) Date 1896 Resource type Books Language English, Italian Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast;Middle Niger, Mali, Timbucktu, Southern Swahili Coast Source Northwestern University Libraries, G161 .H2 Description Written by al-Hassan ibn-Mohammed al-Wezaz al-Fasi, a Muslim, baptised as Giovanni Leone, but better known as Leo Africanus.